LM48861TM/NOPB - NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR

LM48861

LM48861 Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Stereo Headphone

Amplifier

Literature Number: SNAS450A

LM48861 March 16, 2010

Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Stereo Headphone

Amplifier

General Description

The LM48861 is a single supply, ground-referenced stereo

headphone amplifier. Part of National's PowerWise® product

family, the LM48861 consumes only 3mW of power, yet still

provides great audio performance. The ground-referenced

architecture eliminates the larger DC blocking capacitors re-

quired by traditional headphone amplifier's saving board

space and reducing cost.

The LM48861 features common-mode sensing that corrects

for any differences between the amplifier ground and the po-

tential at the headphone return terminal, minimizing noise

created by any ground mismatches.

The LM48861 delivers 22mW/channel into a 32Ω load with

<1% THD+N with a 1.8V supply. Power supply requirements

allow operation from 1.2V to 2.8V. High power supply rejec-

tion ratio (PSRR), 83dB at 217Hz, allows the device to oper-

ate in noisy environments without additional power supply

conditioning. A low power shutdown mode reduces supply

current consumption to 0.01µA.

Superior click and pop suppression eliminates audible tran-

sients on power-up/down and during shutdown. The

LM48861 is available in an ultra-small 12-bump, 0.4mm pitch,

micro SMD package (1.215mm x 1.615mm).

Key Specifications

■ Output Power/channel at

VDD = 1.5V, THD+N = 1%

RL = 16Ω

RL = 32Ω

12mW (typ)

13mW (typ)

■ Output Power/channel at

VDD = 1.8V, THD+N = 1%

RL = 16Ω

RL = 32Ω

24mW (typ)

22mW (typ)

■ Quiescent Power Supply Current

at 1.5V 2mA (typ)

■ PSRR at 217Hz 83dB (typ)

■ Shutdown Current 0.01μA (typ)

Features

■Ground referenced outputs – eliminates output coupling

capacitors

■Common-mode sensing

■Advanced click-and-pop suppression

■Low supply current

■Minimum external components

■Micro-power shutdown

■ESD protection of 8kV HBM contact

■Available in space-saving 12-bump microSMD package

Applications

■Mobile Phones

■Portable electronic devices

■MP3 Players

Boomer® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.

LM48861 PowerWise® Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Stereo Headphone Amplifier

Typical Application

300541a9

FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit

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LM48861

Connection Diagrams

TM Package

1.215mm x 1.615mm x 0.6mm

300541a8

Top View

Order Number LM48861TM

See NS Package Number TMD12AAA

12 – Bump TM Marking

300541h5

Top View

X = Date code

V = Lot traceability

G = Boomer

K3 = LM48861TM

Ordering Information

Order Number Package Package DWG # Transport Media MSL Level Green Status

LM48861TM 12 Bump microSMD

0.4mm Pitch TMD12AAA 250 and 3000 units on tape

and reel 1 RoHS/no Sb/Br

Bump Description

Bump Name Description

A1 CPP Charge Pump Flying Capacitor Positive Terminal

A2 PGND Power Ground

A3 CPN Charge Pump Flying Capacitor Negative Terminal

B1 VDD Positive Power Supply

B2 SHDN Active Low Shutdown

B3 CPVSS Charge Pump Output

C1 OUTL Left Channel Output

C2 VSS Negative Power Supply

C3 INL Left Channel Input

D1 OUTR Right Channel Output

D2 COM Ground reference for inputs and HP

D3 INR Right Channel Input

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LM48861

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1, Note

If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,

please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/

Distributors for availability and specifications.

Supply Voltage (Note1) 3V

Storage Temperature −65°C to +150°C

Input Voltage -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V

Power Dissipation (Note 3) Internally Limited

ESD Ratings (HBM) (Note 4) 2000V

ESD Ratings

(OUTL, OUTR) (Note 4)8000V

ESD Susceptibility

(Machine Model) (Note 5)200V

Junction Temperature 150°C

Thermal Resistance

θJA (TM) 70°C/W (typ)

Operating Ratings

Temperature Range

TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C

Supply Voltage (VDD) 1.2V ≤ VDD ≤ 2.8V

Electrical Characteristics VDD = 1.5V (Note 1, Note 2)

The following specifications apply for VDD = 1.5V, AV = –1V/V, RL = 32kΩ, f = 1kHz, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for

TA = 25°C.

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM48861 Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 6)

Limit

(Note 7)

IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN = 0V, Both channels enabled 2 2.8 mA (max)

ISD Shutdown Current Shutdown Enabled

VSHDN = GND 0.01 1.5 µA (max)

VOS Output Offset Voltage VIN = 0V, RL = 32Ω

Both channels enabled 0.5 1.5 mV (max)

VIH Shutdown Input Voltage High 1.4 V(min)

VIL Shutdown Input Voltage Low 0.4 V(max)

TWU Wake Up Time 500 700 μs (max)

POOutput Power

THD+N = 1% RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz,

Both channels in phase and active

VDD = 1.5V

VDD = 1.8V

mW (min)

THD+N = 1% RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz,

Both channels in phase and active

VDD = 1.5V

VDD = 1.8V

VLINE-OUT Output Voltage to Line Out

RL = 10kΩ, f = 1kHz

VDD = 1.5V, THD+N = 1%, RL = 10kΩ1.1 1 VRMS (min)

VDD = 1.8V, THD+N = 1%, RL = 10kΩ1.3 1.2 VRMS (min)

THD+N Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise

PO = 8mW, f = 1kHz, RL = 32Ω 0.04 %

PO = 8mW, f = 1kHz, RL = 16Ω 0.07 %

VOLIF = 900mVRMS, f = 1kHz, RL = 10kΩ0.001 %

PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio

VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P Sine, Inputs AC GND, C1 = C2 = 0.39μF

fRIPPLE = 217Hz

fRIPPLE = 1kHz

fRIPPLE = 15kHz

SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio

RL = 32Ω, POUT = 8mW

(A-weighted), f = 1kHz

BW = 20Hz to 22kHz

102 dB

XTALK Crosstalk RL = 32Ω, POUT = 5mW, f = 1kHz 93 dB

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LM48861

Symbol Parameter Conditions

LM48861 Units

(Limits)

Typical

(Note 6)

Limit

(Note 7)

NOUT Output Noise A-weighted, AV = 5.1dB

R1 = R2 = 10kΩ, R3 = R4 = 18kΩ5 μV

C-P Click-Pop Inputs Grounded

BW = <10Hz to >500kHz 79 dB

Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability

and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the Absolute Maximum RatingsRatings or other conditions beyond those

indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditions indicate conditions at which the device is functional

and the device should not be operated beyond such conditions. All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified

Note 2: The Electrical Characteristics tables list guaranteed specifications under the listed Recommended Operating Conditions except as otherwise modified

or specified by the Electrical Characteristics Conditions and/or Notes. Typical specifications are estimations only and are not guaranteed.

Note 3: Maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower.

Note 4: Human body model, applicable std. JESD22-A114C.

Note 5: Machine model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A.

Note 6: Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at TA = +25ºC, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the time of product

characterization and are not guaranteed.

Note 7: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by test or statistical analysis.

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LM48861

Typical Performance Characteristics

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 1.5V, RL = 16Ω, PO = 8mW

300541b2

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 1.5V, RL = 32Ω, PO = 8mW

300541b3

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 1.8V, RL = 16Ω, PO = 18mW

300541b4

THD+N vs Frequency

VDD = 1.8V, RL = 32Ω, PO = 20mW

300541b5

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 1.5V & 1.8V, RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz

300541d1

THD+N vs Output Power

VDD = 1.5V & 1.8V, RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz

300541d2

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LM48861

Power Dissipation vs Output Power

RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz

300541h2

Power Dissipation vs Output Power

RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz

300541h3

PSRR vs Frequency

VDD = 1.5V, VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P, RL = 32Ω

300541c8

Output Power vs Supply Voltage

RL = 16Ω, f = 1kHz

30054102

Output Power vs Supply Voltage

RL = 32Ω, f = 1kHz

30054103

Supply Current vs Supply Voltage

No Load

300541d0

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LM48861

Shutdown Current vs Supply Voltage

No Load

300541c9

Crosstalk vs Frequency

VDD = 1.5V, POUT = 5mW, RL = 32Ω

300541c7

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LM48861

Application Information

GENERAL AMPLIFIER FUNCTION

The LM48861 headphone amplifier features National’s

ground referenced architecture that eliminates the large DC-

blocking capacitors required at the outputs of traditional head-

phone amplifiers. A low-noise inverting charge pump creates

a negative supply (CPVSS) from the positive supply voltage

(VDD). The headphone amplifiers operate from these bipolar

supplies, with the amplifier outputs biased about GND, in-

stead of a nominal DC voltage (typically VDD/2), like traditional

amplifiers. Because there is no DC component to the head-

phone output signals, the large DC-blocking capacitors (typ-

ically 220μF) are not necessary, conserving board space and

system cost, while improving frequency response.

COMMON MODE SENSE

The LM48861 features a ground (common mode) sensing

feature. In noisy applications, or where the headphone jack is

used as a line out to other devices, noise pick up and ground

imbalance can degrade audio quality. The LM48861 COM in-

put senses and corrects any noise at the headphone return,

or any ground imbalance between the headphone return and

device ground, improving audio reproduction. Connect COM

directly to the headphone return terminal of the headphone

jack (Figure 2). No additional external components are re-

quired. Connect COM to GND if the common-mode sense

feature is not in use.

30054101

FIGURE 2.

MICRO POWER SHUTDOWN

The voltage applied to the shutdown (SHDN) pin controls the

LM48861’s shutdown function. Activate micro-power shut-

down by applying a logic-low voltage to the SHDN pin. When

active, the LM48861’s micro-power shutdown feature turns

off the amplifier’s bias circuitry, reducing the supply current.

The trigger point is 0.4V (max) for a logic-low level, and 1.4V

(min) for a logic-high level. The low 0.1μA (typ) shutdown cur-

rent is achieved by applying a voltage that is as near as

ground as possible to the SHDN pin. A voltage that is higher

than ground may increase the shutdown current.

There are a few ways to control the micro-power shutdown.

These include using a single-pole, single-throw switch, a mi-

croprocessor, or a microcontroller. When using a switch,

connect an external 100kΩ pull-up resistor between the

SHDN pin and GND. Connect the switch between the

SHDN pin and VDD. Select normal amplifier operation by clos-

ing the switch. Opening the switch connects the SHDN pin to

ground, activating micro-power shutdown. The switch and re-

sistor guarantee that the SHDN pin will not float. This prevents

unwanted state changes. In a system with a microprocessor

or microcontroller, use a digital output to apply the control

voltage to the SHDN pin. Driving the SHDN pin with active

circuitry eliminates the pull-up resistor.

POWER DISSIPATION

Power dissipation is a major concern when using any power

amplifier, especially one in mobile devices. In the LM48861,

the power dissipation comes from the charge pump and two

operational amplifiers. Refer to the Power Dissipation vs Out-

put Power curve in the Typical Performance Characteristics

section of the datasheet to find the power dissipation associ-

ated the output power level of the LM48861. The power

dissipation should not exceed the maximum power dissipa-

tion point of the micro SMD package given in equation 1.

PDMAX = (TJMAX - TA) / (θJA) (1)

For the LM48861TM micro SMD package, θJA = 70°C/W.

TJMAX = 150°C, and TA is the ambient temperature of the sys-

tem surroundings.

PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

Power Supply Bypassing/Filtering

Proper power supply bypassing is critical for low noise per-

formance and high PSRR. Place the supply bypass capaci-

tors as close to the supply pins as possible. Place a 1μF

ceramic capacitor from VDD to GND. Additional bulk capaci-

tance may be added as required.

Charge Pump Capacitor Selection

Use low ESR ceramic capacitors (less than 100mΩ) for opti-

mum performance.

Charge Pump Flying Capacitor (C5)

The flying capacitor (C5) affects the load regulation and out-

put impedance of the charge pump. A C5 value that is too low

results in a loss of current drive, leading to a loss of amplifier

headroom. A higher valued C5 improves load regulation and

lowers charge pump output impedance to an extent. Above

2.2μF, the RDS(ON) of the charge pump switches and the ESR

of C5 and C6 dominate the output impedance. A lower value

capacitor can be used in systems with low maximum output

power requirements.

Charge Pump Hold Capacitor (C6)

The value and ESR of the hold capacitor (C6) directly affects

the ripple on CPVSS. Increasing the value of C6 reduces out-

put ripple. Decreasing the ESR of C6 reduces both output

ripple and charge pump output impedance. A lower value ca-

pacitor can be used in systems with low maximum output

power requirements.

Power Supply Bypassing /Filtering

Proper power supply bypassing is critical for low noise per-

formance and high PSRR. Place the supply bypass capaci-

tors as close to the device as possible. Typical applications

employ a voltage regulator with 10µF and 0.1µF bypass ca-

pacitors that increase supply stability. These capacitors do

not eliminate the need for bypassing of the LM48861 supply

pins. A 1µF capacitor is recommended.

Input Capacitor Selection

The LM48861 requires input coupling capacitors. Input ca-

pacitors block the DC component of the audio signal, elimi-

nating any conflict between the DC component of the audio

source and the bias voltage of the LM48861. The input ca-

pacitors create a high-pass filter with the input resistors RIN.

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LM48861

The -3dB point of the high-pass filter is found using Equation

(2) below.

f = 1 / 2πRINCIN (2)

Where the value of RIN is selected based on the gain-setting

resistor selection. In relation to Figure 1, RIN = R1 = R2, CIN

= C1 = C2.

The input capacitors can also be used to remove low fre-

quency content from the audio signal. Small speakers can not

reproduce, and may even be damaged by low frequencies.

High-pass filtering the audio signal helps protect the speak-

ers. When the LM48861 is using a single-ended source,

power supply noise on the ground is seen as an input signal.

Setting the high-pass filter point above the power supply noise

frequencies, 217Hz in a GSM phone, for example, filters out

the noise such that it is not amplified and heard on the output.

Capacitors with a tolerance of 10% or better are recommend-

ed for impedance matching and improved CMRR and PSRR.

PCB Layout Guidelines

Minimize trace impedance of the power, ground and all output

traces for optimum performance. Voltage loss due to trace

resistance between the LM48861 and the load results in de-

creased output power and efficiency. Trace resistance be-

tween the power supply and ground has the same effect as a

poorly regulated supply, increased ripple and reduced peak

output power. Use wide traces for power supply inputs and

amplifier outputs to minimize losses due to trace resistance,

as well as route heat away from the device. Proper grounding

improves audio performance, minimizes crosstalk between

channels and prevents switching noise from interfering with

the audio signal. Use of power and ground planes is recom-

mended.

As described in the Common Mode Sense section, the

LM48861 features a ground sensing feature. On the PCB lay-

out, connect the COM pin (pin D2) directly to the headphone

jack ground and also to the left and right input grounds. This

will help correct any noise or any ground imbalance between

the headphone return, input, and the device ground, therefore

improving audio reproduction.

The charge pump capacitors and traces connecting the ca-

pacitor to the device should be kept away from the input and

output traces to avoid any switching noise injected into the

input or output.

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LM48861

Demo Board Schematic and Layout

30054110

FIGURE 3: Top Silkscreen Layer

30054199

FIGURE 4: Top Solder Mask

30054106

FIGURE 5: Bottom Solder Mask

30054109

FIGURE 6: Top Layer

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LM48861

30054107

FIGURE 7: Layer 2

30054108

FIGURE 8: Layer 3

30054104

FIGURE 9: Bottom Layer

30054105

FIGURE 10: Bottom Silkscreen

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LM48861

Revision History

Rev Date Description

1.0 06/11/08 Initial release.

1.01 02/08/10 Input text edits.

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LM48861

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

TM Package

Order Number LM48861TM

NS Package Number TMD12AAA

X1 = 1.215mm, X2 = 1.615mm, X3 = 0.6mm

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LM48861

Notes

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LM48861

Notes

LM48861 PowerWise® Ground-Referenced, Ultra Low Noise, Stereo Headphone Amplifier

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