LinkSwitch-4 Family Energy-Efficient, Accurate Primary-Side Regulated CV/CC Switcher for Adapters and Chargers Product Highlights + Dramatically Simplifies CV/CC Converters * Eliminates optocoupler and all secondary CV/CC control circuitry * Eliminates all control loop compensation circuitry Advanced Performance Features * Dynamic base drive technology provides flexibility in choice of BJT LinkSwitch-4 U1 LNK4xx2S ~ Compensates for input line voltage variations Compensates for cable voltage drop Compensates for external component temperature variations Very accurate IC parameter tolerances using proprietary trimming technology * Frequency up to 65 kHz to reduce transformer size * The minimum peak current is fixed to improve transient load response Enhanced Performance Features * Easy start for starting into capacitive loads (LNK4114D, LNK4115D) * Constant power for high current start-up (LNK4214D, LNK4215D) * 13003 drive improved efficiency with 13003 BJT's (LNK4302S, FB GND * Extends RBSOA of BJT * Dramatically reduces sensitivity to BJT gain * * * * VCC CS transistor by dynamically optimizing BJT switching characteristics BD ED Figure 1. PI-7462-122315 Typical Application (SOT-23-6) (S). + BD ED ~ VCC LinkSwitch-4 U1 LNK40x3D CS LNK4322S) SBD FB GND Advanced Protection/Safety Features * Single fault output overvoltage and short-circuit * Over-temperature protection * Active clamp EcoSmartTM- Energy Efficient * Meets DoE 6 and CoC V5 2016 via an optimized quasi-resonant switching PWM/PFM control Figure 2. Output Power Table 85 - 265 VAC Product3,4 * No-load consumption of <30 mW at 230 VAC input Green Package * Halogen free and RoHS compliant package Applications * Chargers for cell/cordless phones, PDAs, MP3/portable audio devices, adapters, networking, etc. Description The LinkSwitchTM-4 family of ICs dramatically simplifies low power CV/CC charger design by eliminating an optocoupler and secondary control circuitry. The LinkSwitch-4 family adaptive BJT drive technology uses combined base and emitter switching to boost switching performance and deliver higher efficiency, wider Reverse Bias Safe Operating Area (RBSOA) margin and the flexibility to accommodate a wide range of low cost BJT. The device incorporates a multimode PWM/PFM controller with quasi resonant switch to maximize the efficiency, meets low no-load power and at same time maintain fast transient response greater than 4.3 V with a load change from 0% to 100%. Figure 3. SOT-23-6 and SO-8 Packages. PI-7464-010815 Typical Application (SO-8) (D). LNK43x2S LNK40x2S LNK40x3S LNK4323S LNK40x3D LNK4323D LNK40x4D LNK4114D LNK4214D LNK4115D LNK4215D Features5 Adapter1 Open Frame2 13003 Drive STD STD STD STD STD STD Easy Start Easy Start + Constant Power Easy Start Easy Start + Constant Power 5W 6.5 W 8W 8W 10 W 10 W 15 W 15 W 15 W 18 W 18 W Table 1. Output Power Table. Notes: 1. Minimum continuous power in a typical enclosed adapter measured at +50 C ambient, 85-265 VAC device TJ 100 C. 2. Maximum practical continuous power in an open frame design with adequate heat sinking, measured at +50 C. 3. Package: D: SO-8 , S: SOT-23-6. 4. Cable compensation factor. x = 0 (no cable compensation), x = 1 (3% cable compensation) x = 2 (6% cable compensation). 5. Easy Start feature uses the BJT current to directly charge C VCC, allowing start-up into large output capacitors. 13003 drive feature has the gate drive optimized for maximum efficiency when using 13003 BJTs. Constant power feature provides 175% of rated current at start-up, allowing start-up into large output capacitors (see Figure 15). STD are standard products with all the advanced performance and protection/safety features. www.power.com May 2018 This Product is Covered by Patents and/or Pending Patent Applications. LinkSwitch-4 VDD(REG) VDD VOLTAGE SUPPLY (VCC) VDD REGULATOR IFBHT(LO) VIN IFBHT(START) Reset Signal UVP VHT ESTIMATOR RESET CIRCUIT VVCC(RUN) VVCC(SLEEP) CYCLE TIMING THERMAL SHUTDOWN FEEDBACK (FB) VOUT VOVP CV VOLTAGE CONTROL BASE DRIVE (BD) OVP PFM/PWM CABLE COMPENSATION EMITTER DRIVE (ED) CC CURRENT CONTROL CURRENT SENSE (CS) VCSTHR GROUND (GND) CS CS BLANKING VCMAX OCP PI-7460-033015 Figure 4. LNK40x2S, LNK40x3S, LNK4323S and LNK43x2S Functional Block Diagram. 2 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 VDD(REG) VDD VOLTAGE SUPPLY (VCC) VDD REGULATOR IFBHT(LO) VIN IFBHT(START) Reset Signal RESET CIRCUIT UVP VHT ESTIMATOR VVCC(RUN) SUPPLEMENTARY BASE DRIVE (SBD) VVCC(SLEEP) CYCLE TIMING THERMAL SHUTDOWN FEEDBACK (FB) VOUT VOVP CV VOLTAGE CONTROL OVP SWITCH PFM/PWM BASE DRIVE (BD) CABLE COMPENSATION EMITTER DRIVE (ED) CC CURRENT CONTROL CURRENT SENSE (CS) VCSTHR GROUND (GND) CS CS BLANKING VCMAX Figure 5. OCP PI-7465-033015 LNK40x3D, LNK4323D, LNK40x4D, LNK4114D, LNK4115D and LNK4215D Functional Block Diagram. Pin Functional Description VOLTAGE SUPPLY (VCC) Pin: During Run mode, power derived from the transformer voltage supply winding is fed to the control circuitry via the VOLTAGE SUPPLY pin. BASE DRIVE (BD) Pin: BASE DRIVE pin for BJT. EMITTER DRIVE (ED) Pin: D Package (SO-8) (LNK40x3D, LNK4323D) CS VCC SBD BD 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 FB GND GND S Package (SOT-23-6) FB GND ED 1 6 2 5 3 4 CS VCC BD ED EMITTER DRIVE pin for BJT. D Package (SO-8) (LNK40x4D, LNK4114D, LNK4214D, LNK4115D, LNK4215D) FEEDBACK (FB) Pin: The FEEDBACK pin input provides feedback to the control circuitry by monitoring the transformer voltage waveform. GROUND (GND) Pin: CS Power and signal ground. VCC Primary CURRENT SENSE (CS) Pin: BD Primary CURRENT SENSE pin via RCS. SBD SUPPLEMENTARY BASE DRIVE (SBD) Pin: 1 8 2 7 3 6 4 5 FB GND GND ED PI-7673-061516 Supplementary base drive. Figure 6. Pin Configuration. 3 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Functional Description Power-Up/Power-Down Sequences Refer to Figure 10 and Figure 7. When mains input voltage (VIN) is applied, current flows through the start-up resistors (RHT) and BJT. Some of this current flows into the LinkSwitch-4 internal circuits, which are in Sleep mode; the remainder charges capacitor CVCC. As soon as the VOLTAGE SUPPLY pin voltage rises to V VCC(RUN), the LinkSwitch-4 changes to Initialise mode. Current consumption increases to IVCC(RUN) while internal circuits are enabled. The emitter switch is held at low impedance to ground (GND) and a short drive pulse is output on the BASE DRIVE pin, during which time the voltage at feedback is held at GND potential by current sourced from the FEEDBACK pin. This enables the LinkSwitch-4 control circuit to compare the rectified mains input voltage with thresholds for allowing or preventing the next stage of power-up. If the input voltage is too low (IFB < IFBHT(START)), the LinkSwitch-4 will not issue further drive pulses, the VCC voltage will discharge to V VCC(SLEEP), and the power-up sequence will repeat. If the mains input voltage is high enough (IFB > IFBHT(START)), the LinkSwitch-4 will enter Run mode and drive pulses will be output on the BASE DRIVE pin. To achieve smooth power-up (monotonic rise in VOUT), C VCC must be large enough to power the control circuitry during Initialize mode and the first few cycles of Run mode, until sufficient power is provided by the transformer voltage supply winding. If the input voltage falls below VMAINS(LO) (see Input Undervoltage Protection), V VCC will fall below V VCC(SLEEP) and the LinkSwitch-4 will go into Sleep mode, reducing its current consumption to IVCC(SLEEP). The control circuitry will re-initialize if the input voltage is restored and V VCC reaches V VCC(RUN). VVCC(RUN) VVCC VVCC(SLEEP) Off Sleep Initialize Run Sleep Off PI-7457-010815 Figure 7. VCC Waveforms. Mode Description Sleep From initial application of input power or from Run mode, if V VCC falls below V VCC(SLEEP), the LinkSwitch-4 goes to Sleep mode. Non-essential circuits are turned off. Base and Emitter drives are turned off so BASE DRIVE and EMITTER DRIVE pins become high impedance, allowing the bootstrap resistor (RHT) and BJT to start the circuit. Sleep mode is exited when V VCC rises to V VCC(RUN) and the control circuitry goes to Initialize mode. Initialize Internal circuits are enabled and the LinkSwitch-4 issues one switching cycle to sample the input voltage via the FEEDBACK pin. If VIN (hence VHT) is high enough, the LinkSwitch-4 changes to Run mode. If VIN is not high enough, no further base drive pulses are issued and the LinkSwitch-4 returns to Sleep mode when V VCC falls below V VCC(SLEEP). Run Power conversion: The control circuitry is powered from the VCC rail and the internal VDD is regulated. If V VCC falls below V VCC(SLEEP), the IC ceases power conversion and goes to Sleep mode. Table 2. Summary of LinkSwitch-4 Operating Modes. 4 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 Switching Waveforms Typical waveforms at the feedback and primary current sense inputs are shown in Figure 8. tSAMP VFBREG FB 0V tCSB 0V CS VCSTHR tFON VVCC(RUN) 0A BD ON OFF ED Transformer Flux PI-7458-010815 Figure 8. Typical Waveforms at the Feedback and Primary Current Sense Inputs. Constant Voltage (CV) Regulation Constant output voltage regulation is achieved by sensing the voltage at the feedback input, which is connected to the voltage supply winding as shown in Figure 10 or to a dedicated feedback winding. An internal current source prevents the feedback voltage from going negative. A typical feedback voltage waveform is shown in Figure 8. The feedback waveform is continuously analyzed and sampled at time tSAMP to measure the reflected output voltage. tSAMP is identified by the slope of the feedback waveform and is coincident with zero flux in the transformer. The sampled voltage is regulated at VFB(REG) by the voltage control loop. The (typical) CV mode output voltage is set by the ratio of resistors RFB1 and RFB2 (see Figure 10) and by the transformer turns ratio, according to the following formula (where output diode voltage is neglected): N R VOUT^CV h = V FB^ REG h a 1 + R FB1 ka N S k FB2 F Where NF is the number of turns on the feedback (or voltage supply if used for feedback) winding and NS is the number of turns on the secondary winding. The tolerances of RFB1 and RFB2 affect output voltage regulation and mains estimation so should typically be chosen to be 1% or better. The current required to clamp the feedback voltage to ground potential during the on-time of the primary switch depends on the primary winding voltage (approximately equal to the rectified mains input voltage), the primary to feedback turns ratio, and resistor RFB1. The controller measures feedback source current and so enables RFB1 to set the input voltage start threshold and the input undervoltage protection threshold, as described below. Input Voltage Start Threshold In Initialise mode, the LinkSwitch-4 issues a single short-duration drive pulse in order to measure the primary voltage and so the approximate mains input voltage. If the input voltage is below VMAINS(START) then the LinkSwitch-4 will not start. Instead it will pause while V VCC discharges below V VCC(SLEEP) then it will begin a new power-up cycle. If the input voltage exceeds VMAINS(START), the converter will power-up. VMAINS(START) is set by RFB1 using this equation: V MAINS^START h = N -1 # I FBHT^START h # R FB1 # N P F 2 Input Undervoltage Protection In Run mode, if the mains voltage falls to VMAINS(LO), the LinkSwitch-4 will stop issuing drive pulses, V VCC will reduce to V VCC(SLEEP) and the LinkSwitch-4 will enter Sleep mode. VMAINS(LO) is set by RFB1 using this equation: V MAINS^LOh = N -1 # I FBHT^LOh # R FB1 # N P F 2 Constant Current (CC Mode) Regulation Constant current output (IOUT(CC)) is achieved by regulating the CS input to the primary side estimate of the output current scaled by RCS, VCS(CC). The regulated output current, IOUT(CC) is set by the value of the current sense resistor, RCS, and the transformer primary to secondary turns ratio (NP/NS). The value of RCS is determined using the formula: VCS^CC h ^Typh N n R CS . a N P kd S I OUT^CC h ^Typh The tolerance of RCS affects the accuracy of output the current regulation so is typically chosen to be 1%. The LinkSwitch-4 can maintain CC regulation down to much lower levels of VSHUTDN(MAX) normally specified for mobile phones chargers (see Figure 11). 5 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Cable Compensation If required, LinkSwitch-4 adjusts the converter output voltage (VOUT) to compensate for voltage drop across the output cable. The amount of compensation applied (GCAB) is specified by using the formula below to match cable compensation with output cable resistance (RCAB): G CAB = Or G CAB = I OUT^ CC h ^ Typ h # R CAB # 100% VOUT^ CV h ^ Typ h I OUT^ CP h ^ Typ h # R CAB # 100% VOUT^ CV h ^ Typ h Drive Pulse and Frequency Modulation The LinkSwitch-4 control circuitry determines both the primary switch peak current and the switching frequency to control output power, ensuring discontinuous conduction mode operation at all times. Primary current generates a voltage across the current sense resistor, RCS, and is sensed by the primary current sense input. The voltage on the primary CURRENT SENSE pin is negative-going, as shown in Figure 8. When the voltage exceeds a (negative) threshold (VCSTHR) set by the control circuitry, base drive is driven low to turn the primary switch off. The primary current sense voltage threshold (VCSTHR) varies from VCS(MIN) to VCS(MAX) during normal operation. The switching frequency varies from fMIN at no-load, to the maximum switching frequency, fMAX. Minimum switching frequency occurs during no-load operation and is typically in the range 1 to 3 kHz, depending on application design. The periodic voltage waveform on the VCC input, which depends on the current consumed by the control circuitry and the value of C VCC, contributes to control of the switching frequency. In no-load condition, C VCC must be large enough to ensure that ripple voltage on VCC (V VCCPFM) is less than 1.6 V, and C VCC must be small enough to ensure the ripple on VCC is greater than 50 mV: C VCC = I VCCNL fMIN # DVVCCPFM The switching frequency increases as the load increases, eventually reaching fMAX at full load. For protection purposes in the event of certain transitory conditions, the controller immediately issues a drive pulse if VCC voltage falls to V VCC(LOW). This is not part of normal operation or normal frequency control. Base Drive Control During the on-time of the BJT, the emitter is switched to GND via the EMITTER DRIVE pin. Base current, IBD is controlled to achieve fast turn-on, low on-voltage and fast turn-off to enable reduced power dissipation and accurate timing of each part of the switching cycle. As shown in Figure 9, the base drive current starts with a fixed pulse of IF(ON)/tF(ON). Its amplitude and duration are then modulated to provide sufficient charge for low BJT on-voltage, while allowing de-saturation towards the end of on-time so as to enable fast turn-off. When VCSTHR is detected on the primary CURRENT SENSE pin, the BASE DRIVE pin is switched to GND and the emitter drive switch is opened. LNK43x2S - drive optimized for high efficiency performance using 13003 transistors. Duty Cycle Control Maximum duty cycle is a function of the primary to secondary turns ratio of the transformer (typically 16:1 for a 5 V output). For a universal mains input power supply, maximum duty cycle is typically chosen to be 50% at the minimum (including ripple) of the rectified mains voltage (typically 80 V). Quasi-Resonant Switching The primary switch is turned on when the voltage across it rings down to a minimum (voltage-valley, quasi-resonant switching). The effect of this is to reduce losses in the switch at turn-on. It also helps reduce EMI. Primary Switch Over-Current Protection The primary switch is turned off if the emitter current sensed by the primary current sense input exceeds the effective threshold VCSOCP(EFF), subject to the minimum on-time, TON(MIN). The effective threshold VCSOCP(EFF) depends on a threshold VCS(OCP) predefined by the controller, the primary current sense signal rate of rise (dVcs/dt), which is dependent on the application design, and the primary CURRENT SENSE pin turn-off response time, tCS(OFF). This gives pulse by pulse over-current protection of the primary switch. Output Overvoltage Protection The on-time of the primary switch is reduced if the output voltage tends to VOUT(OVP). The value depends on the set output voltage (VOUT(CV)) and the feedback OVP ratio: VOUT^OVPh = VOUT^CV h # G FB^OVPh Supplementary Base Drive (LNK40x3D, LNK4114D, LNK4214D) The resistor RSBD connects the SUPPLEMENTARY BASE DRIVE pin to VOLTAGE SUPPLY pin. It supplements current to the base drive to optimize the switching bipolar transistor turn-on and turn-off in high power applications. Suggested values for the supplementary base drive resistor RSBD are between 220 and 390 . Shunt Function (LNK40x3D, LNK40x4D, LNK4115D, LNK4215D) The shunt function is intended to automatically limit the VCC voltage and allow greater flexibility in transformer design. VOLTAGE SUPPLY pin will be shunted via RSBD, the SUPPLEMENTARY BASE DRIVE pin resistance RSBD(ON) and RBD(OFF) to the GROUND pin when the VCC voltage is greater than V VCC(HI) and the transformer is discharging. Output Undervoltage Protection (LNK40x3S/D, LNK43x3S/D) The output undervoltage protection (UVP) function is used to shutdown the converter when the output voltage is below VOUT(UVP). At start-up this function is disabled during the first NSTARTUP switching cycles and the output current is regulated allowing the output voltage to rise from 0 V in a monotonic way. Product Output Undervoltage Protection Function LNK40x2S LNK43x2S VOUT(UVP) Depends on V VCC(SLEEP) LNK40x3S LNK40x3D LNK4323S LNK4323D VOUT(UVP) = 0.63 x VOUT(CV) LNK40x4D VOUT(UVP) Depends on V VCC(SLEEP) LNK4114D LNK4214D LNK4115D LNK4215D VOUT(UVP) Depends on V VCC(SLEEP) Table 3. Output Undervoltage Protection. 6 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 If the output does not reach VOUT(UVP) during this time then the controller will shutdown and restart. VOUT(UVP) value depends on the set output voltage (VOUT(CV)) and the feedback UVP ratio: VOUT^UVPh = VOUT^CV h # G FB^UVPh Easy Start (LNK4114D, LNK4214D, LNK4115D, LNK4215D) The Easy Start feature guarantees start-up into large output capacitances and allows the output voltage to work down the CC chimney close to OV. The Easy Start feature uses the BJT emitter current (equal to the primary current) to charge the supply capacitor C VCC via an additional Schottky diode. This only occurs when the supply voltage has fallen below V VCCES and is achieved by altering the sequencing of EMITTER DRIVE pin switching. This allows the BJT emitter voltage to rise until the Schottky diode conducts. Emitter current then charges the C VCC until the BJT is turned off by the BASE DRIVE pin being pulled low. If the supply voltage is above V VCC(ES), then Easy Start has no effect on the operation of the controller. Note V VCC(ES) = 6 V for LNK4114D and LNK4214D, V VCC(ES) = 10 V for LNK43x3S, LNK43x3D, LNK4115D and LNK4215D during NSTARTUP cycles, after which it reduces to 6 V. Over-Temperature Protection Temperature protection is internal to LinkSwitch-4. The sensor measures the junction temperature TJ, which is the hottest part of LinkSwitch-4. At temperatures TJ ~ 140 C, LinkSwitch-4 will shutdown and remain in this state until a temperature of TJ ~ 70 C is reached. Whereby LinkSwitch-4 will power-up in the normal sequence. If the supply voltage is below V VCC(ES), and when the base has received enough charge, the EMITTER DRIVE pin is released at the same time as the BASE DRIVE pin. tFON IFON IBD IBDSRC Logic BD Logic ED BD Ground PI-7459-090215 Figure 9. Base Drive Waveforms. VCC tFON IBD IFON IBDSRC Logic BD Logic ED BD Ground CVCC Recharge Current PI-7674-090215 Figure 9b. Base Drive Waveforms - Easy Start mode of Operation. 7 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Typical Application for LNK40x3D Parameter Symbol Range or Value Units Supply Voltage VIN 85 - 265 VAC Output Voltage VOUT(CV) 5.0 5% V Constant voltage (CV) mode, at the load Output Current IOUT 2 A Label rated output current Switching Frequency at Full Load fMAX 65 kHz Cable Compensation GCAB 6 % No-load Power PNL <30 mW Energy Star test method >75 % Energy Star test method TON <1 s VUNDERSHT >4 V Average Efficiency Turn-on Delay Undershoot Voltage Comment Universal mains Determined by the chosen variant Load step from 0 A to 0.5 A Table 4. 10 W Typical Application Results for Figure 10. T1 DOUT + COUT LFILT ROUT 2 x RHT DBRIDGE Q1 BD ~ CIN1 RIN RFB1 ED CIN2 LNK40x3D VCC RSBD CS RCS2 RCS GND SBD FB C VCC RFB2 PI-7679-071515 Figure 10. Typical Universal Input, 10 W Charger. By sensing the primary-side waveforms of transformer voltage and primary current, the LinkSwitch-4 achieves constant voltage and constant current output within tight limits without the need for any secondary-side sensing components. Figure 11 shows the output characteristics of a typical charger implementation. 8 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 PI-7471-121014 VOUT 100% VOUTCV(TYP) IOUTCC(TYP) IOUTCC(MIN) VSHUTDN(MAX) IOUT 0 100% Figure 11. Typical CV/CC Output Characteristic Achieved. 9 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Typical Networking Application for LNK4114D Parameter Symbol Range or Value Units Supply Voltage VIN 90 - 264 VAC Output Voltage VOUT(CV) 12.0 5% V Constant voltage (CV) mode, at the load Output Current IOUT 1 A Label rated output current Load Capacitance CLOAD 3000 mF System capacitance Switching Frequency at Full Load fMAX 65 kHz Cable Compensation GCAB 3 % No-load Power PNL <75 mW Energy Star test method >83 % Energy Star test method TON <1 s Average Efficiency Turn-on Delay Comment Universal mains Determined by the chosen variant Table 5. 12 W Typical Networking Application Results. LFILT T1 DOUT + COUT ROUT 2 x RHT DBRIDGE Q1 BD ~ CIN1 RIN RFB1 ED CIN2 VCC LNK4114D CS RCS2 RCS GND RSBD SBD FB C VCC RFB2 PI-7675-071615 Figure 12. Typical Universal Input, 12 W Adapter. 10 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 PI-7676-071515 VOUT 100% VOUTCV(TYP) IOUTCC(TYP) IOUTCC(MIN) IOUT 0 100% Figure 13. Typical LNK4114D and LNK4115D CV/CC Output Characteristic Achieved. 11 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Typical Networking Application for LNK4214D Parameter Symbol Range or Value Units Supply Voltage VIN 90 - 264 VAC Output Voltage VOUT(CV) 12.0 5% V Constant voltage (CV) mode, at the load Output Current IOUT 1 A Label rated output current Load Capacitance CLOAD 6000 mF System capacitance Switching Frequency at Full Load fMAX 65 kHz Cable Compensation GCAB 3 % No-load Power PNL <75 mW Energy Star test method >83 % Energy Star test method TON <1 s Average Efficiency Turn-on Delay Comment Universal mains Determined by the chosen variant Table 6. 12 W Typical Networking Application Results. LFILT T1 DOUT + COUT ROUT 2 x RHT DBRIDGE Q1 BD ~ CIN1 RIN RFB1 ED CIN2 VCC LNK4214D CS RCS2 RCS GND RSBD SBD FB C VCC RFB2 PI-7677-071515 Figure 14. Typical Universal Input, 12 W Adapter. 12 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 100% Low Mains VOUTCV(TYP) High Mains IOUTCP(MIN) PI-7678-090215 VOUT (V) IOUTCP(TYP) 75% 50% IOUT(EXT) 33% IOUT (A) 0 100% 175% 200% Figure 15. Typical LNK4214D and LNK4215D CP Output Characteristic Achieved. Constant Power The LNK4214D controller is optimized for fast start-up into loads with large capacitance. The constant current (CC) pull-up set point of the VI characteristic is determined by the value of RCS. The controller regulates in CC mode until it is above approximately 50% of the programmed constant voltage (CV) regulation point (set by the values of RFB1 and RFB2). It then regulates in a power limited or "constant power" (CP) mode until the output voltage reaches the CV set point, at which point it changes to CV mode regulation. The exact trajectory is dependent on the input mains voltage. IOUT at the point of transition between CP and CV modes, IOUTCP, will be greater than 57% of IOUT(EXT) as shown in Figure 15. 13 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Absolute Maximum Ratings1 SUPPLY VOLTAGE Pin...................................................-0.5 V to 18 V FEEDBACK Pin Input Voltage......................................... -0.5 V to 4 V FEEDBACK Pin Input Current................................... -20 mA to 20 mA CURRENT SENSE Pin Input Voltage................................ -0.5 V to 4 V CURRENT SENSE Pin Input Current.......................... -20 mA to 20 mA BASE DRIVE Pin Voltage...............................................-0.5 V to 18 V EMITTER DRIVE Pin Voltage.........................................-0.5 V to 18 V SUPPLEMENTARY BASE DRIVE Pin Voltage....................-0.5 V to 18 V Junction Temperature.................................................. -40 to 150 C Lead Temperature2................................................................. 260 C Notes: 1. Maximum ratings specified may be applied, one at a time without causing permanent damage to the product. Exposure to Absolute Maximum ratings for extended periods of time may affect product reliability. 2. Soldering, 10 seconds. Thermal Resistance Thermal Resistance: D Package: (SO-8) (qJA).................................................. 120 (qJB)1,2.................................................. 30 S Package (SOT-23-6) (qJA).................................................. 170 (qJB)2................................................... 60 Parameter Symbol C/W C/W C/W C/W Notes: 1. IC mounted on typical (1oz) copper clad PCB with 164 mm2 ground plane surrounding GROUND pin(s). 2. JB measured to GROUND pin terminal of device at the surface of the PCB. Conditions TJ = -25 to 125 C (Unless Otherwise Specified) Min Typ Max Units Normal Operating Conditions External Supply Voltage V VCC 5 16.5 V Transformer Resonance frequency (In-Circuit) fRES 180 1200 kHz Thermal Shutdown Temperature TSD 130 150 C Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis TSDH 140 70 C VOLTAGE SUPPLY Pin Easy Start Enable Voltage Supply Voltage LNK4114D / LNK4214D 6 VCC(ES) LNK4115D / LNK4215D for NSTARTUP Cycles, then 6 V 10 V VCC(RUN) To Enter Initialize Mode 11.5 13.5 15.5 V VCC(SLEEP) 4.5 5.1 V VCC(LOW) 5 IVCC(RUN) Average at fMAX, Excluding Base Drive Current 2 IVCC(NL) No-Load 0.6 IVCC(SLEEP) In Sleep Mode VCC(HI) LNK4XX3D / LNK4XX4D / LNK4XX5D Feedback Regulation Level VFB(REG) TJ = 25 C Feedback Input Resistance RFB(IN) Effective Input Resistance 0 < VFB < 5 Feedback OVP Ratio GFB(OVP) Feedback UVP Ratio GFB(UVP) Supply Current VCC Shunt Trigger Level V V mA 15 15.5 mA V FEEDBACK Pin LNK40x3D/S 1.96 1.98 2.00 2 V MW 1.19 1.20 1.21 0.62 0.63 0.64 14 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 Parameter Symbol Conditions TJ = -25 to 125 C (Unless Otherwise Specified) Min Typ Max Units FEEDBACK Pin (Cont.) Feedback Current Low Mains Threshold IFBHT(LO) -0.495 -0.412 -0.31 mA Feedback Current Start Mains Threshold IFBHT(START) -1.05 -0.9 -0.75 mA Fixed for LNK40x2S and LNK43x2S VOUT VOUT(CV) 0.7 Feedback Blanking Time tFB(BL) VOUT VOUT(CV) >0.7 Start-up Cycle Count NSTARTUP 1.5 RCS2 = 100 1.5 RCS2 = 270 2.2 RCS2 = 470 2.5 RCS2 = 1000 2.5 RCS2 = 100 0.75 RCS2 = 270 1.1 RCS2 = 470 1.25 RCS2 = 1000 1.25 LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D 600 LNK43xxS / LNK43xxD 700 LNK4xx5D 1700 s Transient Detect Pulse Duration t TD LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D / LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 100 ns Transient Detect Threshold V TD LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D / LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D / LNK4323S / LNK4323D 60 mV CURRENT SENSE Pin LNK40x2S / LNK43x2S Primary Current Sense Input Minimum Threshold Primary Current Sense Input Maximum Threshold Primary Current Sense Turn-Off Response Time Primary Current Sense Threshold for CC Operation VCS(MIN) VCS(OCP) VCS(MAX) tCS(OFF) Outside Primary Current Sense Blanking Time tCS(B) LNK40x3S LNK40x3D LNK40x4D LNK4114D LNK4214D LNK4115D LNK4215D LNK4323S LNK4323D (Set by External Resistor RCS2) Outside Primary Current Sense Blanking Time tCS(B) RCS2= 100 -56 RCS2= 270 -73 RCS2= 470 -94 RCS2= 1000 -127 mV Over-Current Protect -350 -340 -330 mV Normal Regulation -380 -360 -340 mV Outside Primary Current Sense Blanking Time tCS(B) TJ = 25 C Except LNK4115D, LNK4214D, LNK4215D VCS(CC) -88 120 -62 -60.8 LNK4115D Only -68 LNK4214D Only -105 LNK4215D Only -119 ns -59.6 mV 15 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Parameter Symbol Conditions TJ = -25 to 125 C (Unless Otherwise Specified) Min Typ Max Units CURRENT SENSE Pin (cont.) Leading Edge Blanking Time See Figure 8 375 LNK43x3S / LNK40x2S / LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D / LNK43x3D 40 LNK43x2S 60 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 80 tCS(B) ns BASE DRIVE Pin Base Drive Force on Current Base Drive Force on Duration IF(ON) 200 tF(ON) LNK43x3S / LNK40x2S / LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D / LNK43x3D 5 LNK43x2S 7.5 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 12 LNK43x3S / LNK40x2S / LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D / LNK43x3D 40 LNK43x2S 60 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 80 IBDSRC(MIN) Base Drive Source Current IBDSRC(MAX) Base Drive Pull Down Resistance RBD(OFF) Base Drive Minimum On-Time tBDON(MIN) Base Drive Leakage Current IBD(SLEEP) Base Drive Peak Sink Current IBD(SINK) mA V VCC = 12 V ns mA LNK40x2S / LNK43x2S 4.5 LNK4323S / LNK40x3S 3 LNK4323D / LNK40x3D 3 LNK40x4D/ LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 1.2 375 ns In Sleep Mode, TJ = 50 C 1 LNK40x2S / LNK43x2S 600 LNK40x3S / LNK4323S 700 LNK40x3 / LNK4323D 900 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / 1100 LNK4115D / LNK4215D 1300 A mA 16 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 Parameter Symbol Conditions TJ = -25 to 125 C (Unless Otherwise Specified) Min Typ Max Units EMITTER DRIVE Pin Emitter Drive On-State Resistance Emitter Drive Leakage Current Emitter Drive Peak Sink Current Emitter Drive Minimum On-Time REDON(MAX) IED(SLEEP) IED(SINK) tEDMIN(ON) V VCC = V VCC(SLEEP) In Sleep Mode, TJ = 50 C LNK40x2S / LNK43x2S 3 LNK40x3S / LNK4323S 1.5 LNK40x3D / LNK4323D 1.5 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 0.9 LNK40x2S / LNK43x2S 1 LNK40x3S / LNK4323S 1 LNK40x3D / LNK4323D 1 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 1 LNK40x2S / LNK43x2S 600 LNK40x3S / LNK4323S 700 LNK40x3D / LNK4323D 900 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D 1100 LNK4115D / LNK4215D 1300 LNK40x3S / LNK40x3D Only 175 LNK40x3D / LNK4323D 8 LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D 4 A mA ns SBD Pin SBD On-State Resistance SBD Leakage Current RSBD(ON) ISBD(SLEEP) In Sleep Mode, TJ = 50 C LNK40x3D / LNK40x4D / LNK4114D / LNK4214D / LNK4115D / LNK4215D / LNK4323D W 1 A NOTES: Min and Max values apply over the full range of normal operating conditions. Typical electrical characteristics apply at TJ = TJ (typ). The chip is operating in Run mode. Voltages are specified with respect to the GROUND pin. A. B. C. D. 17 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 Rev. F 05/18 1.60 1.45 Max. 1.30 0.90 0.15 0.00 Pin #1 I.D. (Laser Marked) 0.15 C D 2X 2 1 6 2 5 2 C 3 8 0 0.22 0.08 H 7. JEDEC reference: MO - 178. END VIEW 6. Datums A and B to be determined in Datum H. 5. Dimensions in millimeters. 4. Does not include inter-lead flash or protrusions. 3. Dimensions noted are inclusive of plating thickness. 0.60 0.30 0.60 Ref. PI-7468-120814 POD-SOT-23-6 Rev B C Seating Plane Gauge Plane 0.25 2. Dimensions noted are determined at the outermost extremes of the plastic body exclusive of mold flash, tie bar burrs, gate burrs, and inter-lead flash, but including any mismatch between the top and bottom of the plastic body. Maximum mold protrusion is 0.25 mm per side. Notes: 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ASME Y14.5M-1994. Seating Plane 0.10 C 0.20 C 2X, 3 Lead Tips 2.80 D 0.15 C A - B 2X 0.50 6X 3 4 0.30 0.20 M C A - B D 3 4 0.95 SIDE VIEW TOP VIEW B A 1.90 2.90 SOT-23-6 LinkSwitch-4 18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 SO-8 (D Package) 0.10 (0.004) C A-B 2X 2 4 B DETAIL A 4.90 (0.193) BSC TOP VIEW A 4 D 8 5 2 3.90 (0.154) BSC GAUGE PLANE SEATING PLANE 6.00 (0.236) BSC C 0-8 0.25 (0.010) BSC 1.04 (0.041) REF 2X 0.10 (0.004) C D Pin 1 ID 1 4 0.40 (0.016) 1.27 (0.050) 0.20 (0.008) C 2X 8X 0.31 - 0.51 (0.012 - 0.020) 0.25 (0.010) M C A-B D 1.27 (0.050) BSC 1.25 - 1.65 (0.049 - 0.065) 1.35 (0.053) 1.75 (0.069) o DETAIL A 0.10 (0.004) 0.25 (0.010) 0.10 (0.004) C H 8X SEATING PLANE C SIDE VIEW END VIEW 6 Reference Solder Pad Dimensions + 1.45 (0.057) 4.00 (0.157) 5.45 (0.215) PCB FOOT PRINT D08A 0.17 (0.007) 0.25 (0.010) 1.27 (0.050) + + + Notes: 1. JEDEC reference: MS-012. 2. Package outline exclusive of mold flash and metal burr. 3. Package outline inclusive of plating thickness. 4. Datums A and B to be determined at datum plane H. 5. Controlling dimensions are in millimeters. Inch dimensions are shown in parenthesis. Angles in degrees. 0.60 (0.024) PI-7461-120914 19 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 LinkSwitch-4 Part Ordering Table Package Marking1 Tape and Reel Part Number 0 BBxx LNK4002S-TL 3 GBxx LNK4012S-TL 65 6 BAxx LNK4022S-TL 65 0 DLxx LNK4003S-TL LNK4013S 65 3 DOxx LNK4013S-TL LNK4023S 65 6 DNxx LNK4023S-TL LNK4003D 65 0 LNK4003D LNK4003D-TL Product fMAX (kHz) GCAB (%) *LNK4002S 65 *LNK4012S 65 *LNK4022S LNK4003S LNK4013D 65 3 LNK4013D LNK4013D-TL LNK4023D 65 6 LNK4023D LNK4023D-TL LNK4004D 65 0 LNK4004D LNK4004D-TL LNK4014D 65 3 LNK4014D LNK4014D-TL LNK4024D 65 6 LNK4024D LNK4024D-TL LNK4114D 65 3 LNK4114D LNK4114D-TL LNK4115D 65 3 LNK4115D LNK4115D-TL LNK4214D 65 3 LNK4214D LNK4214D-TL LNK4215D 65 3 LNK4215D LNK4215D-TL LNK4302S 65 0 BOxx LNK4302S-TL LNK4322S 65 6 BRxx LNK4322S-TL LNK4323S 65 6 DPxx LNK4323S-TL LNK4323D 65 6 LNK4323D LNK4323D-TL NOTES: 1. xx = Manufacturing lot code. 2. *Not recommended for new designs. Part Ordering Information * LinkSwitch-4 Product Family * 4xxx Series Number * Package Identifier D SO-8 S SOT-23-6 * Tape & Reel and Other Options LNK 4xxx S - TL TL Tape & Reel, 10k pcs per reel for SOT-23-6 and 2.5k pcs per reel for SO-8. 20 Rev. F 05/18 www.power.com LinkSwitch-4 Notes 21 www.power.com Rev. F 05/18 Revision Notes Date A Initial Release. 01/27/15 B Added Over-Temperature Protection section. Added LNK4012S, LNK4013S and LNK4013D parts. 04/06/15 C Added LNK4114 and LNK4214 parts. 09/15 D Added LNK4302S, LNK4312S, LNK4322S, LNK43x2S, LNK4115D and LNK4215D parts. 05/16 E Added LNK4323S and LNK4323D parts. 06/16 F Updated IED(SINK) parameter. 05/18 For the latest updates, visit our website: www.power.com Power Integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. Power Integrations does not assume any liability arising from the use of any device or circuit described herein. POWER INTEGRATIONS MAKES NO WARRANTY HEREIN AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. Patent Information The products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more U.S. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending U.S. and foreign patent applications assigned to Power Integrations. A complete list of Power Integrations patents may be found at www.power.com. Power Integrations grants its customers a license under certain patent rights as set forth at www.power.com/ip.htm. Life Support Policy POWER INTEGRATIONS PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF POWER INTEGRATIONS. As used herein: 1. A Life support device or system is one which, (i) is intended for surgical implant into the body, or (ii) supports or sustains life, and (iii) whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use, can be reasonably expected to result in significant injury or death to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. The PI logo, TOPSwitch, TinySwitch, SENZero, SCALE, SCALE-iDriver, SCALE-iFlex, Qspeed, PeakSwitch, LYTSwitch, LinkZero, LinkSwitch, InnoSwitch, HiperTFS, HiperPFS, HiperLCS, DPA-Switch, CAPZero, Clampless, EcoSmart, E-Shield, Filterfuse, FluxLink, StakFET, PI Expert and PI FACTS are trademarks of Power Integrations, Inc. Other trademarks are property of their respective companies. (c)2018, Power Integrations, Inc. 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Phone: +886-2-2659-4570 e-mail: taiwansales@power.com UK Building 5, Suite 21 The Westbrook Centre Milton Road Cambridge CB4 1YG Phone: +44 (0) 7823-557484 e-mail: eurosales@power.com Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Power Integrations: LNK4002S-TL LNK4003D-TL LNK4003S-TL LNK4004D-TL LNK4022S-TL LNK4023D-TL LNK4023S-TL LNK4024D-TL LNK4014D-TL