LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
Low Power Low Offset Voltage Dual Comparators
General Description
The LM193 series consists of two independent precision
voltage comparators with an offset voltage specification as
low as 2.0 mV max for two comparators which were de-
signed specifically to operate from a single power supply
over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power
supplies is also possible and the low power supply current
drain is independent of the magnitude of the power supply
voltage. These comparators also have a unique characteris-
tic in that the input common-mode voltage range includes
ground, even though operated from a single power supply
voltage.
Application areas include limit comparators, simple analog to
digital converters; pulse, squarewave and time delay gen-
erators; wide range VCO; MOS clock timers; multivibrators
and high voltage digital logic gates. The LM193 series was
designed to directly interface with TTLand CMOS. When op-
erated from both plus and minus power supplies, the LM193
series will directly interface with MOS logic where their low
power drain is a distinct advantage over standard compara-
tors.
Advantages
nHigh precision comparators
nReduced V
OS
drift over temperature
nEliminates need for dual supplies
nAllows sensing near ground
nCompatible with all forms of logic
nPower drain suitable for battery operation
Features
nWide supply
— Voltage range: 2.0V to 36V
— single or dual supplies: ±1.0V to ±18V
nVery low supply current drain (0.4 mA) — independent
of supply voltage
nLow input biasing current: 25 nA
nLow input offset current: ±5nA
nMaximum offset voltage: ±3mV
nInput common-mode voltage range includes ground
nDifferential input voltage range equal to the power
supply voltage
nLow output saturation voltage,: 250 mV at 4 mA
nOutput voltage compatible with TTL, DTL, ECL, MOS
and CMOS logic systems
Schematic and Connection Diagrams
DS005709-2
October 1999
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903 Low Power Low Offset Voltage Dual Comparators
© 1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS005709 www.national.com
Schematic and Connection Diagrams (Continued)
Note: *Also available per JM38510/11202
Note: ** See STD Mil DWG 5962-94526
Metal Can Package
DS005709-3
Order Number LM193H *
LH193H/883 , LM193AH-QMLV **
M193AH, LM193AH/883,
LM293H, LM293AH, LM393H
or LM393AH
See NS Package Number H08C
Dual-In-Line Package
DS005709-1
Order Number LM193J/883 *
LM193AJ/883, LM193AJ-QMLV **
LM393J, LM393AJ,
LM393M, LM2903M, LM393N,
LM2903J or LM2903N
See NS Package Number J08A,
M08A or N08E
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
www.national.com 2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage, V
+
36V
Differential Input Voltage (Note 8) 36V
Input Voltage −0.3V to +36V
Input Current (V
IN
<−0.3V) (Note 3) 50 mA
Power Dissipation (Note 1)
Molded DIP 780 mW
Metal Can 660 mW
Small Outline Package 510 mW
Output Short-Circuit to Ground
(Note 2) Continuous
Operating Temperature Range
LM393/LM393A 0˚C to +70˚C
LM293/LM293A −25˚C to +85˚C
LM193/LM193A −55˚C to +125˚C
LM2903 −40˚C to +85˚C
Storage Temperature Range −65˚C to +150˚C
Lead Temperature
(Soldering, 10 seconds) +260˚C
Soldering Information
Dual-In-Line Package
Soldering (10 seconds) 260˚C
Small Outline Package 215˚C
Vapor Phase (60 seconds)
Infrared (15 seconds) 220˚C
See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect
on Product Reliability” for other methods of soldering
surface mount devices.
ESD rating
(1.5 kΩin series with 100 pF) 1300V
Electrical Characteristics
(V
+
=5V, T
A
=25˚C, unless otherwise stated)
Parameter Conditions LM193A LM293A, LM393A Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Input Offset Voltage (Note 9) 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 mV
Input Bias Current I
IN
(+) or I
IN
(−) with Output In Linear 25 100 25 250 nA
Range, V
CM
=0V (Note 5)
Input Offset Current I
IN
(+)−I
IN
(−) V
CM
=0V 3.0 25 5.0 50 nA
Input Common Mode V+ =30V (Note 6) 0 V
+
−1.5 0 V+−1.5 V
Voltage Range
Supply Current R
L
=∞V
+
=5V 0.4 1 0.4 1 mA
V
+
=36V 1 2.5 1 2.5 mA
Voltage Gain R
L
≥15 kΩ,V
+
=
15V 50 200 50 200 V/mV
V
O
=1V to 11V
Large Signal Response V
IN
=TTL Logic Swing, V
REF
=1.4V 300 300 ns
Time V
RL
=5V, R
L
=5.1 kΩ
Response Time V
RL
=5V, R
L
=5.1 kΩ(Note 7) 1.3 1.3 µs
Output Sink Current V
IN
(−)=1V, V
IN
(+)=0, V
O
≈1.5V 6.0 16 6.0 16 mA
Saturation Voltage V
IN
(−)=1V, V
IN
(+)=0, I
SINK
≤4 mA 250 400 250 400 mV
Output Leakage Current V
IN
(−)=0, V
IN
(+)=1V, V
O
=5V 0.1 0.1 nA
Electrical Characteristics
(V
+
=5V, T
A
=25˚C, unless otherwise stated)
Parameter Conditions LM193 LM293, LM393 LM2903 Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Input Offset Voltage (Note 9) 1.0 5.0 1.0 5.0 2.0 7.0 mV
Input Bias Current I
IN
(+) or I
IN
(−) with Output In 25 100 25 250 25 250 nA
Linear Range, V
CM
=0V (Note 5)
Input Offset Current I
IN
(+)−I
IN
(−) V
CM
=0V 3.0 25 5.0 50 5.0 50 nA
Input Common Mode V+ =30V (Note 6) 0 V+−1.5 0 V+−1.5 0 V+−1.5 V
Voltage Range
Supply Current R
L
=∞V
+
=5V 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.4 1.0 mA
V
+
=36V 1 2.5 1 2.5 1 2.5 mA
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
www.national.com3
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
(V
+
=5V, T
A
=25˚C, unless otherwise stated)
Parameter Conditions LM193 LM293, LM393 LM2903 Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Voltage Gain R
L
≥15 kΩ,V
+
=
15V 50 200 50 200 25 100 V/mV
V
O
=1V to 11V
Large Signal Response V
IN
=TTL Logic Swing, V
REF
=1.4V 300 300 300 ns
Time V
RL
=5V, R
L
=5.1 kΩ
Response Time V
RL
=5V, R
L
=5.1 kΩ(Note 7) 1.3 1.3 1.5 µs
Output Sink Current V
IN
(−)=1V, V
IN
(+)=0, V
O
≤1.5V 6.0 16 6.0 16 6.0 16 mA
Saturation Voltage V
IN
(−)=1V, V
IN
(+)=0, I
SINK
≤4 mA 250 400 250 400 250 400 mV
Output Leakage Current V
IN
(−)=0, V
IN
(+)=1V, V
O
=5V 0.1 0.1 0.1 nA
Electrical Characteristics
(V+ =5V) (Note 4)
Parameter Conditions LM193A LM293A, LM393A Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Input Offset Voltage (Note 9) 4.0 4.0 mV
Input Offset Current I
IN(+)
−I
IN(−)
,V
CM
=0V 100 150 nA
Input Bias Current I
IN
(+) or I
IN
(−) with Output in Linear Range, 300 400 nA
V
CM
=0V (Note 5)
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range V
+
=30V (Note 6) 0 V
+
−2.0 0 V
+
−2.0 V
Saturation Voltage V
IN
(−)=1V, V
IN
(+)=0, I
SINK
≤4 mA 700 700 mV
Output Leakage Current V
IN
(−)=0, V
IN(+)
=1V, V
O
=30V 1.0 1.0 µA
Differential Input Voltage Keep All V
IN
’s≥0V (or V
−
, if Used), (Note 8) 36 36 V
Electrical Characteristics
(V+ =5V) (Note 4)
Parameter Conditions LM193 LM293, LM393 LM2903 Units
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
Input Offset Voltage (Note 9) 9 9 9 15 mV
Input Offset Current I
IN(+)
−I
IN(−)
,V
CM
=0V 100 150 50 200 nA
Input Bias Current I
IN
(+) or I
IN
(−) with Output in Linear 300 400 200 500 nA
Range, V
CM
=0V (Note 5)
Input Common Mode
Voltage Range V
+
=30V (Note 6) 0 V
+
−2.0 0 V
+
−2.0 0 V
+
−2.0 V
Saturation Voltage V
IN
(−)=1V, V
IN
(+)=0, I
SINK
≤4 mA 700 700 400 700 mV
Output Leakage Current V
IN
(−)=0, V
IN(+)
=1V, V
O
=30V 1.0 1.0 1.0 µA
Differential Input Keep All V
IN
’s≥0V (or V
−
, if Used), 36 36 36 V
Voltage (Note 8)
Note 1: For operating at high temperatures, the LM393/LM393A and LM2903 must be derated based on a 125˚C maximum junction temperature and a thermal re-
sistance of 170˚C/W which applies for the device soldered in a printed circuit board, operating in a still air ambient. The LM193/LM193A/LM293/LM293Amust be de-
rated based on a 150˚C maximum junction temperature. The low bias dissipation and the “ON-OFF” characteristic of the outputs keeps the chip dissipation very small
(PD≤100 mW), provided the output transistors are allowed to saturate.
Note 2: Short circuits from the output to V+can cause excessive heating and eventual destruction. When considering short circuits to ground, the maximum output
current is approximately 20 mA independent of the magnitude of V+.
Note 3: This input current will only exist when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base junction of the input PNP tran-
sistors becoming forward biased and thereby acting as input diode clamps. In addition to this diode action, there is also lateral NPN parasitic transistor action on the
IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the comparators to go to the V+voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time duration
that an input is driven negative. This is not destructive and normal output states will re-establish when the input voltage, which was negative, again returns to a value
greater than −0.3V.
Note 4: These specifications are limited to −55˚C≤TA≤+125˚C, for the LM193/LM193A. With the LM293/LM293A all temperature specifications are limited to
−25˚C≤TA≤+85˚C and the LM393/LM393A temperature specifications are limited to 0˚C≤TA≤+70˚C. The LM2903 is limited to −40˚C≤TA≤+85˚C.
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
www.national.com 4
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)
Note 5: The direction of the input current is out of the IC due to the PNP input stage. This current is essentially constant, independent of the state of the outputso
no loading change exists on the reference or input lines.
Note 6: The input common-mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3V. The upper end of the common-mode
voltage range is V+−1.5V at 25˚C, but either or both inputs can go to 36V without damage, independent of the magnitude of V+.
Note 7: The response time specified is for a 100 mV input step with 5 mV overdrive. For larger overdrive signals 300 ns can be obtained, see typical performance
characteristics section.
Note 8: Positive excursions of input voltage may exceed the power supply level.As long as the other voltage remains within the common-mode range, the compara-
tor will provide a proper output state. The low input voltage state must not be less than −0.3V (or 0.3V below the magnitude of the negative power supply, if used).
Note 9: At output switch point, VO≅1.4V, RS=0Ωwith V+from 5V to 30V; and over the full input common-mode range (0V to V+−1.5V), at 25˚C.
Note 10: Refer to RETS193AX for LM193AH military specifications and to RETS193X for LM193H military specifications.
Typical Performance Characteristics LM193/LM293/LM393, LM193A/LM293A/LM393A
Typical Performance Characteristics LM2903
Supply Current
DS005709-25
Input Current
DS005709-26
Output Saturation Voltage
DS005709-27
Response Time for Various
Input Overdrives— Negative
Transition
DS005709-28
Response Time for Various
Input Overdrives— Positive
Transition
DS005709-29
Supply Current
DS005709-30
Input Current
DS005709-31
Output Saturation Voltage
DS005709-32
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
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Typical Performance Characteristics LM2903 (Continued)
Application Hints
The LM193 series are high gain, wide bandwidth devices
which, like most comparators, can easily oscillate if the out-
put lead is inadvertently allowed to capacitively couple to the
inputs via stray capacitance. This shows up only during the
output voltage transition intervals as the comparator change
states. Power supply bypassing is not required to solve this
problem. Standard PC board layout is helpful as it reduces
stray input-output coupling. Reducing the input resistors to
<10 kΩreduces the feedback signal levels and finally, add-
ing even a small amount (1.0 to 10 mV) of positive feedback
(hysteresis) causes such a rapid transition that oscillations
due to stray feedback are not possible. Simply socketing the
IC and attaching resistors to the pins will cause input-output
oscillations during the small transition intervals unless hys-
teresis is used. If the input signal is a pulse waveform, with
relatively fast rise and fall times, hysteresis is not required.
All input pins of any unused comparators should be tied to
the negative supply.
The bias network of the LM193 series establishes a drain
current which is independent of the magnitude of the power
supply voltage over the range of from 2.0 V
DC
to 30 V
DC
.
It is usually unnecessary to use a bypass capacitor across
the power supply line.
The differential input voltage may be larger than V
+
without
damaging the device (Note 8). Protection should be provided
to prevent the input voltages from going negative more than
−0.3 V
DC
(at 25˚C). An input clamp diode can be used as
shown in the applications section.
The output of the LM193 series is the uncommitted collector
of a grounded-emitter NPN output transistor. Many collectors
can be tied together to provide an output OR’ing function.An
output pull-up resistor can be connected to any available
power supply voltage within the permitted supply voltage
range and there is no restriction on this voltage due to the
magnitude of the voltage which is applied to the V
+
terminal
of the LM193 package. The output can also be used as a
simple SPST switch to ground (when a pull-up resistor is not
used). The amount of current which the output device can
sink is limited by the drive available (which is independent of
V
+
) and the βof this device. When the maximum current limit
is reached (approximately 16 mA), the output transistor will
come out of saturation and the output voltage will rise very
rapidly. The output saturation voltage is limited by the ap-
proximately 60Ωr
SAT
of the output transistor. The low offset
voltage of the output transistor (1.0 mV) allows the output to
clamp essentially to ground level for small load currents.
Typical Applications (V
+
=5.0 V
DC
)
Response Time for Various
Input Overdrives— Negative
Transition
DS005709-33
Response Time for Various
Input Overdrives— Positive
Transition
DS005709-34
Basic Comparator
DS005709-35
Driving CMOS
DS005709-36
Driving TTL
DS005709-37
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
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Typical Applications (V
+
=5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
Squarewave Oscillator
DS005709-38
Pulse Generator
DS005709-39
* For large ratios of R1/R2,
D1 can be omitted.
Crystal Controlled Oscillator
DS005709-40
Two-Decade High Frequency VCO
DS005709-41
V*=+30 VDC
+250 mVDC≤VC≤+50 VDC
700 Hz≤fo≤100 kHz
Basic Comparator
DS005709-6
Non-Inverting Comparator with Hysteresis
DS005709-9
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
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Typical Applications (V
+
=5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
Inverting Comparator with Hysteresis
DS005709-10
Output Strobing
DS005709-11
AND Gate
DS005709-12
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
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Typical Applications (V
+
=5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
OR Gate
DS005709-13
Large Fan-in AND Gate
DS005709-14
Limit Comparator
DS005709-15
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
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Typical Applications (V
+
=5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
Comparing Input Voltages
of Opposite Polarity
DS005709-16
ORing the Outputs
DS005709-17
Zero Crossing Detector (Single Power Supply)
DS005709-21
One-Shot Multivibrator
DS005709-22
Bi-Stable Multivibrator
DS005709-24
One-Shot Multivibrator with Input Lock Out
DS005709-23
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
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Typical Applications (V
+
=5.0 V
DC
) (Continued)
Split-Supply Applications (V
+
=+15 V
DC
and V
−
=−15 V
DC
)
Time Delay Generator
DS005709-7
MOS Clock Driver
DS005709-42
Zero Crossing Detector
DS005709-43
Comparator With a
Negative Reference
DS005709-44
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
www.national.com11
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
Metal Can Package (H)
Order Number LM193H, LM193H/883, LM193AH, LM193AH/883, LM293H, LM293AH, LM393H or LM393AH
NS Package Number H08C
Order Number LM193J/883, LM193AJ/883 or LM2903J
NS Package Number J08A
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
www.national.com 12
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
Order Number LM393M or LM2903M
NS Package Number M08A
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Numbers LM393N or LM2903N
NS Package N08E
LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903
www.national.com13
Notes
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significant injury to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of
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LM193/LM293/LM393/LM2903 Low Power Low Offset Voltage Dual Comparators
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
