TC115301EMTRT - Microchip Technology, Inc.

TC115-1 4/26/99

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

FEATURES

■High Efficiency at Low Output Load Currents

via PFM Mode

■Space-Saving SOT-89 Package

■Guaranteed Start-Up at 0.9V

■80 µA (typ.) Supply Current

■85% (typ.) Efficiency at 100 mA

■140 mA Typical Output Current @ VIN = 2.0V

■Low Power Shutdown Mode

■No External Switching Transistor Needed

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

■Pagers

■Cellular Phones

■Palmtops

■1-Cell to 3-Cell Battery Powered Systems

■Cameras, Video Recorders

■Local +3V to +5V Supplies

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The TC115 is a high-efficiency step-up DC/DC con-

verter for small, low input voltage or battery powered sys-

tems. This device has a guaranteed start-up voltage of 0.9V

and a typical supply current of 80 µA. Phase compensation

and soft-start circuitry are included on-chip. Unlike conven-

tional PWM step-up converters, the TC115 automatically

shifts to pulse frequency modulation (PFM) at low loads,

resulting in reduced supply current and improved efficiency.

The TC115 requires only an external diode, an inductor,

and a capacitor, and supports typical output currents of 140

mA. Supply current is reduced to less than 0.5 µA, max when

SHDN input is brought low.

Small size, low installed cost, and low supply current

make the TC115 step-up converter ideal for use in a wide

range of battery powered systems.

TYPICAL OPERATING CIRCUITS

1.5V C1

10 µF

100 µH

Sumida

CD-54

1.5V to +3V, 50 mA Supply

TC115

SHDN

47 µF

Tantalum

IN5817

GND LX

+3V

OUT

ORDERING INFORMATION

Output Osc. Operating

Part Voltage* Freq. Temp.

Number (V) Package (KHz) Range

TC115501EMT 5.0 SOT-89-5 100 – 40 to +85°C

TC115331EMT 3.3 SOT89-5 100 – 40 to +85°C

TC115301EMT 3.0 SOT-89-5 100 – 40 to +85°C

NOTE: *Other output voltages available. Please contact Microchip

Technology Inc. for details.

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115

*Static-sensitive device. Unused devices must be stored in conductive

material. Protect devices from static discharge and static fields. Stresses

above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-

nent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only and functional

operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those

indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied.

Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rating Conditions for extended periods

may affect device reliability.

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Power Supply Voltage (PS).........................................12V

Power Dissipation ................................................500 mW

LX Sink Current.....................................................400 mA

SHDN Input Voltage....................................................12V

Operating Temperature............................–40°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature (TSTG)..................–40°C to +125°C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS: VOUT = 5V; TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.

Circuit Configuration per Figure 1.

Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

VIN Operating Supply Voltage Note 5 0.9 — 10.0 V

VSTART Start-Up Voltage IOUT = 1 mA — — 0.9 V

ILX(MAX) LX Maximum Sink Current — — 350 mA

fLIM LX Limit Frequency VLX = VLXLIM — 200 — KHz

VLXLIM LX Limit Voltage Note 2 0.7 — 1.3 V

IDD No Load Supply Current IOUT = 0; VIN = VOUT x 0.8 (Note 3) — 13 26 µA

ICC Operating Supply Current No external components. VIN = (0.95 x VOUT) — 80 135 µA

(Boost Mode) applied to PS (or VDD) input

ISTBY Operating Supply Current No external components. VIN = (1.1 x VOUT)— 9 17 µA

(Standby) applied to PS (or VDD) input

ISD Shutdown Supply Current SHDN = 0V — — 0.5 µA

fOSC Oscillator Frequency Note 2, Note 4 85 100 115 KHz

VOUT Output Voltage VIN = 2.2V minimum, Note 1 VR VR VR V

x 0.975 x 1.025

RSWON LX Output ON Resistance VLX = 0.4V — 1.4 2.4 Ω

PFMDUTY Duty Cycle, No External Components 10 17 25 %

PFM Operating Mode

MAXDUTY Maximum Duty Cycle Note 4 80 87 92 %

tSS Soft Start Time 4 10 20 msec

ηEfficiency — 85 — %

VIH SHDN Input Low — — 0.2 V

VIL SHDN Input High 0.75 — — V

Notes: 1. VR is the nominal factory-programmed output voltage setting.

2. VLXLIM is the voltage on the LX pin (with internal switch ON) that will cause the oscillator to run at twice nominal frequency in to limit the

switch current through the internal N-channel switching transistor.

3. Measured with D1 = MA735 (reverse current < 1 µA at a reverse voltage of 10V).

4. With TC115 operating in PWM mode.

5. See “Behavior when VIN is greater than the Factory-Programmed VOUT Setting” paragraph under “Detailed Description”.

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115-1 4/26/99

PIN DESCRIPTION

Pin Number Name Description

1 NC Not Connected.

2 PS Power and Voltage Sense Input. This dual function input provides both feedback

voltage sensing and internal chip power. It should be connected to the regulator output.

(See

Applications

section).

3 SHDN Shutdown Input. A logic low on this input suspends device operation and reduces

supply current to less than 0.5 µA. Device operation resumes when SHDN is brought high.

4 LX Inductor Switch Output. LX is the drain of an internal N-channel switching transistor. This

terminal drives the external inductor, which ultimately provides current to the load.

5 GND Ground Terminal.

PIN CONFIGURATION

SOT-89-5

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115

APPLICATIONS

Input Bypass Capacitors

Adding an input bypass capacitor reduces peak current

transients drawn from the input supply, and reduces the

switching noise generated by the regulator. The source

impedance of the input supply determines the size of the

capacitor that should be used.

Inductor Selection

Selecting the proper inductor value is a trade-off be-

tween physical size and power conversion requirements.

Lower value inductors cost less, but result in higher ripple

current and core losses. They are also more prone to

saturate since the coil current ramps to a higher value.

Larger inductor values reduce both ripple current and core

losses, but are larger in physical size and tend to increse the

start-up time slightly.

Practical inductor values, therefore, range from 50 µH to

300 µH. Inductors with a ferrite core (or equivalent) are

recommended. For highest efficiency, use an inductor with

a series resistance less than 20 mΩ.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The TC115 is a combination PFM/PWM step-up (boost)

regulator. It is particularly useful in 1, 2, and 3 cell applica-

tions where the required output current is 140 mA or less,

and size/cost issues are a concern. The device operates in

PWM mode when the output load is sufficient to demand a

10% (or greater) duty cycle. While in PWM mode, the TC115

behaves as any other PWM switching regulator, to a guar-

anteed maximum duty cycle of 92%. At low output loads (i.e.

output loads requiring < 10% duty cycle to support); the

TC115 automatically switches to pulse frequency modula-

tion (PFM) operating mode with a fixed duty cycle of 25%,

max, (17%, typical). While in PFM mode, the inductor is

modulated with individual fixed width pulses only as needed

to maintain output voltage. This action reduces supply

current, thereby improving power efficiency at low output

loads.

Input Power and Sensing

The TC115 is powered from the PS input, which

must

connected to the regulated output as shown in Figure 1. PS

also senses output voltage for closed-loop regulation. Start-

up current is furnished through the inductor when input

voltage is initially applied. This action starts the oscillator,

causing the voltage at the PS input to rise, bootstrapping the

regulator into full operation.

Output Diode

For best results, use a Schottky diode such as the

MA735, 1N5817, EC10 or equivalent. Connect the diode

between the PS and LX pins as close to the IC as possible.

Do not use ordinary rectifier diodes since the higher thresh-

old voltages reduce efficiency.

Low Power Shutdown Mode

The TC115 enters a low power shutdown mode when

SHDN is brought low. While in shutdown, the oscillator is

disabled and the internal switch is shut off. Normal regulator

operation resumes when SHDN is brought high. SHDN may

be tied to the input supply if not used.

Note:

Because the

TC115 uses an external diode, a leakage path between the

input voltage and the output node (through the inductor and

diode) exists while the regulator is in shutdown. Care must

be taken in system design to assure the input supply is

isolated from the load during shutdown.

Behavior When VIN is Greater Than the

Factory-Programmed VOUT Setting

The TC115 is designed to operate as a step-up regula-

tor only. As such, VIN is assumed to always be less than the

Figure 1. TC115 Typical Application

factory-programmed VOUT setting (VR). Operating the TC115

with VIN > VR causes regulating action to be suspended (and

corresponding supply current reduction to 9 µA, typical) until

VIN is again less than VR. While regulating action is sus-

pended, VIN is connected to VOUT through the series combi-

nation of the inductor and Schottky diode. Care must be

taken to add the appropriate isolation (MOSFET output

switch or post LDO with shutdown) during system design if

this VIN/VOUT leakage path is problematic.

C1 L1

TC115

SHDN

GND LX

OUT

OFF ON

(Tie to V

OUT

if not used)

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115-1 4/26/99

The inductor value directly affects the output ripple

voltage. Equation 3 is derived as shown below, and can be

used to calculate an inductor value, given the required

output ripple voltage (VRIPPLE) and output capacitor series

resistance:

VRIPPLE ≈ ESR(di)

where ESR is the equivalent series resistance of the

output filter capacitor, and VRIPPLE is in volts.

Expressing di in terms of switch ON resistance and time:

Solving for L:

Care must be taken to ensure the inductor can handle

peak switching currents, which can be several times load

currents. Exceeding rated peak current will result in core

saturation and loss of inductance. The inductor should be

selected to withstand currents greater than IPK (Equation 10)

without saturating.

Calculating the peak inductor current is straightforward.

Inductor current consists of an AC (sawtooth) current cen-

tered on an average DC current (i.e. input current). Equation

6 calculates the average DC current. Note that minimum

input voltage and maximum load current values should be

used:

Re-writing in terms of input and output currents and

voltages:

Solving for input curent:

The sawtooth current is centered on the DC current

level; swinging equally above and below the DC current

calculated in Equation 6. The peak inductor current is the

sum of the DC current plus half the AC current. Note that

minimum input voltage should be used when calculating the

AC inductor current (Equation 9).

where: VSW = VCESAT of the switch (note if a CMOS

switch is used to substitute VCESAT with RDSON x IIN)

Combining the DC current calculated in Equation 6, with

half the peak AC current calculated in Equation 9, the peak

inductor current is given by:

IPK = IIN(MAX) + 0.5(di)

Internal Transistor Switch

The LX pin has a typical ON resistance of 1.4Ω, there-

fore peak switch current is given by (VIN/1.4). The internal

transistor switch has a maximum design rating of 350 mA.

An oscillator frequency doubling circuit is an included guard

against high switching currents. Should the voltage on the

LX pin rise above 1.3V, max, while the internal N-channel

switch is ON, the oscillator frequency automatically doubles

to minimize ON time. Although reduced, switch current still

flows because the PWM remains in operation.

Therefore,

the LX input is not internally current limited

and care must be

taken never to exceed the 350 mA maximum limit.

Failure

to observe this will result in damage to the regulator.

Equation 1.

Equation 2.

Equation 3.

Equation 4.

Equation 5.

Equation 6.

Equation 7.

Equation 8.

Equation 9.

Equation 10.

VRIPPLE ≈ESR [(VIN – VSW)tON]

Input Power = Output Power

Efficiency

IIN(MAX) = (VOUT(MAX))(IOUT(MAX))

(Efficiency)(VIN(MIN))

di = V(dt)

V = L(di)

(VIN(MIN)) (IN(MAX)) = (VOUT(MAX))(IOUT(MAX))

Efficiency

di = [(VIN(MIN) – VSW)tON]

L ≈ESR [(VIN – VSW)tON]

VRIPPLE

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115

Table 1. Suggested Components and Manufacturers

Type Inductors Capacitors Diodes

Surface Mount Sumida Matsuo Nihon

CD54 Series 267 Series EC10 Series

CDR125 Series Sprague Matshushita

Coiltronics 595D Sreies MA735 Series

CTX Series Nichicon

F93 Series

Through Hole Sumida Sanyo Motorola

RCH855 Series OS-CON Series 1N5817 – 1N5822

RCH110 Series Nichicon

Renco PL Series

RL1284-12

Output Capacitor

The effective series resistance of the output capacitor

directly affects the amplitude of the output voltage ripple.

(The product of the peak inductor current and the ESR

determines output ripple amplitude.) Therefore, a capacitor

with the lowest possible ESR should be selected. Smaller

capacitors are acceptable for light loads or in applications

where ripple is not a concern. The Sprague 595D series of

tantalum capacitors are amongst the smallest of all low ESR

surface mount capacitors available. Table 1 lists suggested

component numbers and manufacturers.

Board Layout Guidelines

As with all inductive switching regulators, the TC115

generates fast switching waveforms which radiate noise.

Interconnecting lead lengths should be minimized to keep

stray capacitance, trace resistance and radiated noise as

low as possible. In addition, the GND pin, input bypass

capacitor and output filter capacitor ground leads should be

connected to a single point. The input capacitor should be

placed as close to power and ground pins of the TC115 as

possible.

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115-1 4/26/99

TC115 DEMO CARD

The TC115 DEMO Card is a 1.5” x 0.9” card containing

a TC115 with sites for the through-hole inductor, Schottky

diode, and input and output capacitors. It supports both

bootstrapped and non-bootstrapped converter operating

modes. These cards are available from your local TelCom

Semiconductor sales office.

Figure 2. TC115 Demo Board Layout

Figure 3. TC115 Demo Schematic

COUT

GND LX

NC PS SHDN

TC115

CIN

OUT

12 3

NB Y BS

Bootstrap/

Non-Bootstrap ON X OFF

Shutdown Control

The TC115DEMO is shipped with the TC115 installed,

and separate Schottky diode, Coiltronics 100 µH inductor,

and 47µF tantalum capacitor. Two sets of mounting holes

are supplied for the inductor to accommodate values from

20µH to 100µH.

The regulator is shut down when J1 terminal X is shorted

to OFF, and operates normally when J1 terminal X is shorted

to ON. Terminal Y (J2)

must

be connected to BS.

Full Size

Component Side of Board

TC115-0

TC115

VOUT

GND

VIN

OFF X ON

BS Y NB

COUT CIN

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115

TYPICAL RIPPLE WAVEFORMS

TC115301

VIN = 1.0V

ILOAD = 10 mA

CH1: VOUT (DC)

CH2: VOUT (AC Ripple)

L = 100µH

C = 47µF

D1 = MA735

TC115301

VIN = 2.0V

ILOAD = 40mA

CH1: VOUT (DC)

CH2: VOUT (AC Ripple)

L = 100µH

C = 47µF

D1 = MA735

TC115301

VIN = 2.5V

ILOAD = 80mA

CH1: VOUT (DC)

CH2: VOUT (AC Ripple)

L = 100µH

C = 47µF

D1 = MA735

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115-1 4/26/99

TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS CURVES

OUTPUT CURRENT I

OUT

(mA)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE V

OUT

(V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT

TC115301EMT

TC115301EMT TC115301EMT

TC115301EMT

0 40 80 120 160 200 OUTPUT CURRENT I

OUT

(mA)

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.5

EFFICIENCY (%)

EFFICIENCY vs. OUTPUT CURRENT

0 40 80 120 160 200

OUTPUT CURRENT I

OUT

(mA)

RIPPLE VOLTAGE vs. OUTPUT CURRENT

1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

INPUT VOLTAGE V

(V)

200

NO LOAD INPUT CURRENT vs. INPUT VOLTAGE

1.5V

= 1.0V

= 100µH

C2 = 47µF (Tantalum)

RIPPLE VOLTAGE: Vr(mVp-p)

INPUT CURRENT I

(µA)

150

100

2.0V

100

= 1.0V 1.5V

2.0V

L1 = 100µH

C2 = 47µF (Tantalum)

0 40 80 120 160 200

100

L1 = 100µH

C2 = 47µF (Tantalum)

L1 = 100µH

C2 = 47µF (Tantalum)

2.0V

1.5V

= 1.0V

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115

TAPING FORM

User Direction of Feed User Direction of Feed

Device

Marking

Component Taping Orientation for 5-Pin SOT-89 Devices

Device

Marking

PIN 1

Standard Reel Component Orientation

TR Suffix Device

(Mark Right Side Up)

Reverse Reel Component Orientation

RT Suffix Device

(Mark Upside Down)

Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size

5-Pin SOT-89 12 mm 8 mm 1000 7 in

Carrier Tape, Number of Components Per Reel and Reel Size

MARKINGS

SOT-89-5

 represents product classification; TC115 = 1

 represents 1st integer of voltage and frequency

Symbol

100KHz Output Voltage

11.

22.

33.

44.

55.

66.

Package Carrier Width (W) Pitch (P) Part Per Full Reel Reel Size

5L SOT-89 12 mm 8 mm 1000 7

represents 1st decimal of voltage and frequency

Symbol

100KHz Output Voltage

0.0

1.1

2.2

3.3

4.4

5.5

6.6

7.7

8.8

9.9

represents lot ID number

Example: For TC115331, the marking code is

TC115

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115-1 4/26/99

PACKAGE DIMENSIONS

Dimensions: inches (mm)

5-Pin SOT-89

.071 (1.80)

.055 (1.40)

.019 (0.48)

.014 (0.32)

.181 (4.60)

.173 (4.40)

.019 (0.48)

.014 (0.36)

.021 (0.53)

.016 (0.41)

.063 (1.60)

.055 (1.40)

.031 (0.80) MIN.

.102 (2.60)

.094 (2.40)

.016 (0.40) REF.

PIN 1

.177 (4.50) MAX.

.017 (0.44)

.014 (0.37)

.063 (1.60)

.055 (1.40)

PFM/PWM Step-up DC/DC Converter

TC115

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property rights arising from such use or otherwise. Use of Microchipí s products as critical components in life support systems is not authorized exce pt w ith

express written approval by Microchip. No licenses are conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, except as maybe explicitly expressed herein, under any intellec-

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2001 Microchip Technology Incorporated. Printed in the USA. 1/01 Printed on recycled paper.

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