Current Sensing Board with ADSP-CM419F User Guide
UG-1014
One Technology Way P. O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 Fax: 781.461.3113 www.analog.com
Preliminary Technical Data
Current Sensing Board with ADSP-CM419F
PLEASE SEE THE LAST PAGE FOR AN IMPORTANT
WARNING AND LEGAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS. Rev. PrA | Page 1 of 10
FEATURES
Isolated current sensing
4 channels measure 1 phase of voltage and 3 phases of current
Measure up to ±30 A
Measure up to ±500 V
Voltage error: 0.15% maximum
Current error: 0.2% maximum
EQUIPMENT NEEDED
AD7401A, isolated Σ-Δ modulator
AD7403, 16-bit isolated Σ-Δ modulator
ADP7104, 20 V, 500 mA, low noise, CMOS low dropout (LDO)
linear regulator
ADuM6202 isolated, 5 kV, dc-to-dc converter
ADSP-CM419F, dual-core 240 MHz ARM® Cortex®-M4 and
Cortex-M0 with >13 effective number of bits (ENOB)
analog-to-digital converter (ADC), 210-ball CSP_BGA
DOCUMENTS NEEDED
AD7401A data sheet
AD7403 data sheet
ADP7104 data sheet
ADuM6202 data sheet
ADSP-CM419F data sheet
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
This user guide describes the use of the current sensing board
in conjunction with the E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT.
This user guide explains how to build and run the current
sensing board when attached to the E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-
EZKIT. The current sensing board measures one phase of
voltage and three phases of current. This user guide describes
the typical performance of a current measurement module
designed by Analog Devices, Inc., using the AD7403 and the
ADuM6202 devices. This user guide assumes prior knowledge
of the Analog Devices series of mixed-signal control processors
(see www.analog.com/CM4xx).
For more information on the latest Analog Devices processors,
silicon errata, code examples, development tools, system
services and devices drivers, technical support, and any other
additional information, visit www.analog.com/processors.
For full details on the ADSP-CM419F, see the ADSP-CM419F
data sheet, which should be consulted in conjunction with this
user guide when using the current sensing board.
EVALUATION BOARD CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Figure 1.
COM
6V ±25V
+
+
WALL OUTLET
100V TO 240V AC
47Hz TO 83Hz
SWITCHING
POWER
SUPPLY
POWER SUPPLY
CURRENT
AND VOLTAGE
CHANNELS
COMPUTER TO UPL OAD T HE CODE
AND TO ANALYZE THE ADC RESULTS
14733-001
UG-1014 Preliminary Technical Data
Rev. PrA | Page 2 of 10
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Features .............................................................................................. 1
Equipment Needed ........................................................................... 1
Documents Needed .......................................................................... 1
General Description ......................................................................... 1
Evaluation Board Connection Diagram ........................................ 1
Current Sensing Board ..................................................................... 3
Current sensing board Function and Benefits ......................... 3
Circuit Description....................................................................... 3
Overview ........................................................................................ 4
Sinc Filter ....................................................................................... 4
Overload Detection ...................................................................... 5
Evaluation Board Hardware ............................................................ 7
Hardware Setup ............................................................................ 7
Instructions for Programming the Flash Memory in the
Application .....................................................................................7
Instructions for Building the Application ..................................8
LCD Information...........................................................................8
Evaluation Board Software ...............................................................9
Configure_pinmux(), Config_Sinc(void) ..................................9
Get_ADC_Data_PWM(void) .....................................................9
Set_Offset(void) ............................................................................9
SetUpDisplay() ..............................................................................9
Display() .........................................................................................9
Measurements ................................................................................. 10
Preliminary Technical Data UG-1014
Rev. PrA | Page 3 of 10
CURRENT SENSING BOARD
CURRENT SENSING BOARD FUNCTION AND
BENEFITS
The purpose of this current sensing board is to measure one
phase of voltage and three phases of current. The circuit of a
completely isolated current sensor is shown in Figure 2. This
circuit is highly robust and can be mounted close to the sense
resistor for accurate measurements and minimum noise pickup.
The output is a single bit stream from a Σ-Δ modulator that is
processed by a digital signal processor (DSP) using a sinc3
digital filter.
Current can be measured in several ways. Table 1 shows various
methods to measure current and their performance in certain
areas. Each method of measurement has its benefits and
drawbacks. This application uses a shunt or sense resistor to
measure current.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
A 1 mΩ shunt resistor, RSENSE, measures up to ±30 A. The ±30 A
current through the 1 mΩ resistor creates a voltage of up to
±30 mV. This voltage is then input to the AD7403. A jumper is
connected on the current measurement circuit to connect to the
negative rail. A guard ring is used around the inputs of the
current measurement circuit to prevent any leakage from
entering this sensitive, low voltage area.
The current sensing board is connected to the E VA L -ADSP-
CM419F-EZKIT board. The 5 V power supply is taken from
Pin J4-172 and Pin J4-174 of the E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT
board. Visit www.analog.com/CM419F-EZ for the full
schematics.
This supply feeds through the ADuM6202 isolators to provide
power for the isolated side to the ADC.
The 5 V supply is also fed into a regulator, which converts the
5 V supply into 3.3 V. The regulated 3.3 V output of the ADP7104
serves as the input supply to the Σ-Δ modulators. An orange
LED indicates that power is being supplied from the E VA L -
ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT board to the current sensing board.
The Σ-Δ modulator requires a clock input from an external
source such as a DSP. The clock frequency can range from
5 MHz to 20 MHz. The highly robust single bit stream output of
the modulator can be processed directly by a sinc3 filter, where
the data can be converted to an ADC word. The clock can be
aligned with the pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal.
A transient voltage suppressor (TVS) clamps any voltage
transients that may damage the circuit. The TVS was designed
to protect the ADC. Because coupling can be a problem with
the 8-lead package of the ADP7104, 0.22 µF and 22 µF
capacitors were placed in parallel with each other between the
input to VDD2 and ground (see Figure 2). An antialiasing filter
was also added to each of the inputs (positive and negative).
Table 1. Comparison of Current Measurement Methods
Measurement Method Accuracy Isolation EMI (Tamper Resistance) Robust Size Cost
Resistive (Direct)
Sense Resistor High No High High Small Low
Transistor (Direct) Low No Moderate Moderate Small Low
Ratiometric Moderate No Moderate Moderate Small Moderate
Magnetic (Indirect)
Current Transformer High Yes Moderate High Large Moderate
Rogowski coil High Yes Moderate High Large Moderate
Hall Effect High Yes High Moderate Moderate High
UG-1014 Preliminary Technical Data
Rev. PrA | Page 4 of 10
Figure 2. Circuit Diagram of AD7403 on the Current Sensing Board
OVERVIEW
The AD7401A is a second-order, Σ-Δ modulator that converts
an analog input signal into a high speed, 1-bit data stream with
on-chip digital isolation based on Analog Devices, iCoupler®
technology. The AD7401A and the AD7403 operate from a 5 V
power supply and accept a differential input signal of ±30 mV
250 mV maximum). The analog modulator, eliminating the
need for external sample-and-hold circuitry, continuously
samples the analog input. The input information is contained in
the output stream as a density of ones with a data rate of up to
20 MHz. The original information is reconstructed with an
appropriate digital filter. The processor side (nonisolated) can
use a 5 V or a 3 V supply (VDD2). Current measurement in solar
applications requires isolated measurement techniques. The
AD7403 is one of many Analog Devices products that offer
such isolation applications in ac measurements. This type of
isolation is based on iCoupler technology.
SINC FILTER
A Σ-Δ front-end modulator outputs a bit stream. This stream is
fed into a sinc filter where it is output as a digital word. The
digital word represents the signal level presented to the modulator.
The sinc filter is composed of integration and decimation stages. It
can help capture feedback signals coming from an ADC. The
modulator is connected to two sinc filters: a primary filter for
controlling feedback and a secondary filter to detect
overcurrent. This sinc also has two modulator clock generators
and four filter channels.
Figure 3 displays a block diagram of the sinc filters. The block
diagram shows four sinc filter pairs (Sinc Pair 0 to Sinc Pair 3),
two modulator clock sources, and two banks of control registers
(units). The module accepts four Σ-Δ bit streams from the
PA_xx to PF_xx general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins
(configured as input pins) and directs the modulator clock
source of Group 0 to the PA_xx to PF_xx pin configured as an
output. A PWM signal synchronizes the modulator clocks to
optimize system performance. Each sinc filter pair includes the
primary filter, secondary filter, direct memory access (DMA)
interface, and overload limit detection functions.
The primary and secondary filters have programmable order
and decimation rates. The PORD and SORD bits in the
SINC_LEVEL0 sinc registers determine the order of the
primary and secondary filters, respectively. Set these bits to 0
for a third-order filter or 1 for a fourth-order filter. The PDEC
and SDEC bits in the SINC0_RATE0 sinc registers determine
the decimation rate of the primary and secondary filters,
respectively. The valid rate of the primary filters is 4 to 256. If
the secondary filters are third-order filters, the valid rate is 4 to
40. If they are fourth-order filters, the valid rate is 4 to 16.
CURRENT I N
TB2
CURRENT O UT
TB9
1V
DD1
2V
IN+
3V
IN–
4GND
1
8
V
DD2
7
MCLKIN
5
GND
2
6
MDAT
U6
AD7403-8BRIZ
8-LEAD
R6
50Ω
R11
DNP
R14
50Ω
C41
DNP
+
C50
22µF
25V
C42
0.22µF
R SENSE1
1MΩ
INPUT 1
1
R19
47Ω
INPUT NC3
C23
0.22µF +C22
22µF
25V
R10
47Ω
C24
47pF
3.3V
SINC0 CLK0
MDAT I1
DGND
DGND
VISO I1 5V
AGND I 1 ISO DGND
AGND I 1 ISO
AGND I 1 ISO
14733-002
Preliminary Technical Data UG-1014
Rev. PrA | Page 5 of 10
Figure 3. Sinc Module
Figure 4. Sinc Register Values
OVERLOAD DETECTION
The function of the secondary sinc filter is to detect ac current
overload conditions. An overload condition is detected when
the secondary filter output exceeds a programmable overload
limit threshold for a minimum number of counts (LCNT)
within the detection window (LWIN).
The overload thresholds are defined in four 32-bit registers
SINC0_LIMIT0 to SINC0_LIMIT3, according to the channel
number. Each register contains two 16-bit LMAX and LMIN
overload threshold values. These programmable threshold
values can be changed by editing the variables defined in Figure 5.
For example, MaxL1Limit defines the maximum threshold
limit, or LMAX, of the secondary sinc filter for the L1/R current
channel, the first current input channel on the current sensing
board. The threshold limit is initially defined to 4.3 A rms.
MinL1Limit defines the minimum threshold limit, or LMIN, of
the L1/R current channel. The threshold limit is initially disabled.
The overload threshold values are also influenced by LCNT and
LWIN.
PRIMARY FILTER
SINC PAIR 0
SINC MODULE
SECONDARY FILTER
LIMIT
LIMIT
DMA
FROM GPIO
PRIMARY FILTER
SINC PAIR 1
SECONDARY FILTER
TO
MEMORY
FROM GPIO
PRIMARY FILTER
SINC PAIR 2
SECONDARY FILTER
LIMIT
FROM GPIO
PRIMARY FILTER
SINC PAIR 3
SECONDARY FILTER
CONTROL FOR GROUP 0
MODULATOR CLOCK 0
LIMIT
FROM GPIO
TO GPIO
TO GPIO
CONTROL FOR GROUP 1
MODULATOR CLOCK 1
14733-003
14733-004
UG-1014 Preliminary Technical Data
Rev. PrA | Page 6 of 10
Figure 5. Defining Threshold Limits
The LCNT bits in the SINC0_LEVEL0 register specify the number
of output excursions beyond the threshold limit for the Group 0
secondary filters. The number of excursions greater than specified
by the SINC0_LIMIT3, SINC0_LIMIT2, SINC0_LIMIT1, and
SINC0_LIMIT0 registers is perceived as an overload and sets a
corresponding MAXx or MINx bit (MAXx or MINx = 1) in the
SINC0_STAT register. The valid count is between 1 and 8. If the
count is greater than the LWIN bits in the SINC0_LEVEL0
register, the bit behaves the same as when it is equal to LWIN.
The valid count must be one less than a desired count. The
LWIN bits specify the window size for excursion checking for
the Group 0 secondary filters. The window size is the number of
the most recent outputs to be included in a measurement specified
by the LCNT bits the SINC0_LEVEL0 register. The valid value
must be one less than a desired count (1 to 8), meaning the
valid value is 0 to 7.
Various status bit registers indicate in which channel the secondary
filter detected an overload condition. The GLIM0 status bit in
the SINC0_STAT register indicates the control group of the
secondary filter that detected the overload. The MAX0 to MAX3
status bits in the SINC0_STAT register indicate when a maximum
limit on one of the secondary filter channels has been passed.
The MIN0 through MIN3 status bits in the SINC0_STAT register
indicate when a minimum limit on one of the secondary filter
channels is passed.
When the sinc filter module detects an overload condition,
GLIM0 in the SINC0_STAT register is set to 1 and triggers an
interrupt. The interrupt service routine (ISR) resets the
SINC0_STAT register, displays OVERLOAD DETECTED on
the liquid crystyal display (LCD) and sets Pin JP4 on the
evaluation board to high.
Figure 6 shows a screenshot of an oscilloscope. The green signal
is the analog ac input signal with a frequency of 60 Hz. This
signal is fed into the L1/R channel. The yellow signal is the
output of JP4 and goes high or low according to the overload
detection. The maximum threshold value of the secondary sinc
filter for this channel was set to 6.3 A.
To verify the detection delay, Cursor A is placed at the point
where the input signal first reached the threshold limit, and the
Cursor B is placed at the point where JP4 first went high due to
an overload detection. Therefore, the overload detection time
can be calculated by measuring the difference between Cursor A
and Cursor B. The time between Cursor A and Cursor B is
830 µs. However, this delay can increase to over 1 ms.
Idealy, the overload detection is instantaneously triggered when
an overload current is detected. However, it appears to have a
random delay before being triggered by the overload current.
The width of the trigger pulse is also random and not symmetrical.
Figure 6. Overload Detection Example
14733-005
14733-006
Preliminary Technical Data UG-1014
Rev. PrA | Page 7 of 10
EVALUATION BOARD HARDWARE
HARDWARE SETUP
To set up the hardware, follow these steps:
1. Attach the LCD to Connector J20 on the EVA L-ADSP-
CM419F-EZKIT.
2. Attach the current sensing board to Connector J4 on the
E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT.
3. Power up E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT by connecting a
5 V power supply to Connector P19.
4. When the current sensing board is powered on, there must
be no input to the four channels on the current sensing
board to ensure an accurate offset value for each channel is
calculated.
Figure 7. EVAL-ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT, Current Sensing Board and LCD
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PROGRAMMING THE FLASH
MEMORY IN THE APPLICATION
To program the flash memory in the application, follow these
steps:
1. Connect the E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT to a PC using a
USB Mini B cable through Connector P3.
2. Install Jumper JP1 to enable UART boot mode and power
up the E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT.
3. When the E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT is connected to PC
for the first time, the operational system automatically
downloads and installs the necessary drivers for the on-board
USB to UART interface.
4. Open the flash programmer application, ccsfp.exe, located
at \tools\ccsfp in the installation directory.
5. In the CrossCore Serial Flash Programmer window,
configure the following parameters (see Figure 8):
a. Select ADSP-CM41x from the Target dropdown
menu.
b. Select the COMx port (COM7 shown as an example in
Figure 8) that has been assigned to the E VA L -ADSP-
CM419F-EZKIT from the Serial Port dropdown
menu.
c. Select 115200 from the Baudrate dropdown menu.
6. If flashing the board for first time, select Erase and
initialize from the Action dropdown menu and click
Start. Power cycle the board after initialization is complete.
7. Click Browse and select CurrentSensing.hex located in the
\iar\pv_inverter_ezcm419f_m4\Debug\Exe directory, or
any other .HEX file to be flashed.
8. Select Program from the Action dropdown menu and
click Start button to start programming the flash memory.
If the application reports any error, ensure that E VA L -
ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT is powered and the correct COMx
port is selected in the application, and verify that Jumper JP1
is installed on E VA L -ADSP-CM419F-EZKIT.
9. After programming is complete, remove Jumper JP1 and
reset the board by pressing Switch SW6 to boot the
application from flash memory.
Figure 8. CrossCore Serial Flash Programmer Application to Program the
Flash Memory
14733-008
UG-1014 Preliminary Technical Data
Rev. PrA | Page 8 of 10
INSTRUCTIONS FOR BUILDING THE APPLICATION
The complete project for rebuilding the application is included
in the software package that contains this project. This
application was built and tested with the IAR Version 7.2 tool
chain on a Windows® 7-based host machine.
Follow these instructions to open and build the projects:
1. Open the IARintegrated development environment
(IDE).
2. Click File > Open > Workspace.
3. Browse and select the /iar/CurrentSensing.eww workspace.
4. Build the project by clicking Project > Make to update the
output .HEX file.
5. Flash the new .HEX file by following the steps in the
Instructions for Programming the Flash Memory in the
Application section.
The firmware can also be downloaded and debugged onto the
board. Attach a J-Link® debug probe to Pin P2 on the current
sensing board. Click the Download and Debug icon in the IAR
IDE to begin downloading and debugging.
LCD INFORMATION
In Figure 9, the LCD displays the analog value in red and the
corresponding sampled value in yellow. The channels labeled
L1, L2, and L3 represent each current channel on the current
sensing board. When an overload is detected by the secondary
sinc filters, OVERLAOD DETECTED is displayed on the
bottom of the LCD. When SW4 is pressed, the LCD freezes,
allowing the LCD to be easily read. The LCD displays the
highest value of any input ac signal.
Figure 9. LCD
14733-009
Preliminary Technical Data UG-1014
Rev. PrA | Page 9 of 10
EVALUATION BOARD SOFTWARE
The software comprises the following functions:
Configure_pinmux(), Config_Sinc(void)
Get_ADC_Data_PWM(void)
Set_Offset(void)
SetUpDisplay()
Display()
CONFIGURE_PINMUX(), CONFIG_SINC(VOID)
These two functions set the values of the multiplexer registers
and the sinc registers to establish a connection from the ADSP-
CM419F to the current sensing board and the LCD. Figure 10
displays these functions. The SINC0_PHEAD0 sinc register is set
to the first element of the SINC_circBuffer array, and the
SINC0_PTAIL0 sinc register is set to the last element of the
SINC_circBuffer array. These settings of the SINC0_PHEAD0
and PTAIL0 registers allow the SINC_circBuffer array to be
composed of one period of an input ac signal at 50 Hz to 60 Hz.
Figure 10. Configure_pinmux(), Config_Sinc(void)
GET_ADC_DATA_PWM(VOID)
This function obtains the sampled data from each channel of
the current sensing board and stores each value in four arrays,
one for each channel. Each array stores 1000 samples. At an
input frequency of 50 Hz to 60 Hz, one period of an input ac
signal is sampled 1000 times. When one period of the wave is
sampled, the array of one channel is full.
SET_OFFSET(VOID)
Set_Offset() calculates the input offset for each channel. Before
this function is executed, Get_ADC_Data_PWM() is called
50 times to obtain 50 samples. There must be no input at this
point to ensure the offset is calculated correctly. Set_Offset() is
then called and calculates the average of the last 20 samples of
each channel. This average is set equal to the offset of the
channel and is subtracted from any further input value to
improve accuracy.
SETUPDISPLAY()
The SetUpDisplay() function initializes the LCD.
DISPLAY()
Figure 11. Sample Code
The Display() function calculates the analog value of the input
signal and displays it on the LCD. This sample code, shown in
Figure 11, located in the Display() function, finds the positive
peak value of an ac signal inputted into each channel and
displays it on the LCD.
When the arrays of each channel become full, a for loop
searches these arrays for the highest value. This value is then
subtracted by the previously calculated offset value. The analog
value is then calculated for each channel. These values then
display on the LCD.
14733-010
14733-011
UG-1014 Preliminary Technical Data
Rev. PrA | Page 10 of 10
MEASUREMENTS
Figure 12 and Figure 13 display the accuracy of the voltage and
L1/R current channels. For the voltage channel, this accuracy
was measured over an input range of 0 V ac to 424.4 V ac. For
the L1/R channel, the input range was 0 A ac to 17 A ac.
Figure 12. Voltage Channel
Figure 13. L1/R Current Channel
–1.0
–0.5
0
0.5
1.0
050 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
PERCENTAGE ERROR (%)
AC VOLTAGE PEAK VALUE (V)
14733-012
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
PERCENTAGE ERROR (%)
AC CURRENT PEAK VALUE (A)
14733-013
–1.0
–0.5
0
0.5
1.0
ESD Caution
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Charged devices and circuit boards can discharge without detection. Although this product features patented or proprietary protection
circuitry, damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy ESD. Therefore, proper ESD precautions should be taken to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
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UG14733-0-11/16(PrA)