BIPOLAR ANALOG + DIGITAL INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PB1007K REFERENCE FREQUENCY 16.368 MHz, 2nd IF FREQUENCY 4.092 MHz RF/IF FREQUENCY DOWN-CONVERTER + PLL FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER IC FOR GPS RECEIVER DESCRIPTION The PB1007K is a silicon monolithic integrated circuit for GPS receiver. This IC is designed as double conversion RF block integrated Pre-Amplifier + RF/IF down-converter + PLL frequency synthesizer on 1 chip. This IC is lower current than the PB1005K and packaged in a 36-pin QFN package. This IC is manufactured using our 30 GHz fmax UHS0 (Ultra High Speed Process) silicon bipolar process. FEATURES * Double conversion : fREFin = 16.368 MHz, f1stIFin = 61.380 MHz, f2ndIFin = 4.092 MHz * Integrated RF block : Pre-Amplifier + RF/IF frequency down-converter + PLL frequency synthesizer * Needless to input counter data : fixed division internal prescaler * VCO side division : /200 (/25, /8 serial prescaler) * Reference division : /2 * Supply voltage : VCC = 2.7 to 3.3 V * Low current consumption : ICC = 25.0 mA TYP. @ VCC = 3.0 V * Gain adjustable externally : Gain control voltage pin (control voltage up vs. gain down) * On-chip pre-amplifier : GP = 15.5 dB TYP. @ f = 1.57542 GHz * Power-save function : Power-save dark current ICC(PD) = 5 A MAX. * High-density surface mountable : 36-pin plastic QFN NF = 3.2 dB TYP. @ f = 1.57542 GHz APPLICATIONS * Consumer use GPS receiver of reference frequency 16.368 MHz, 2nd IF frequency 4.092 MHz (for general use) ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number PB1007K-E1-A Package 36-pin plastic QFN Supplying Form * 12 mm wide embossed taping * Pin 1 indicates pull-out direction of tape * Qty 2.5 kpcs/reel Remark To order evaluation samples, contact your nearby sales office. Part number for sample order: PB1007K-A Caution Electro-static sensitive devices Document No. PU10014EJ02V0DS (2nd edition) Date Published February 2002 CP(K) The mark shows major revised points. (c) NEC Compound Semiconductor Devices 2001, 2002 PB1007K PRODUCT LINE-UP (TA = +25C, VCC = 3.0 V) Type Clock Part Number PB1007K Functions VCC ICC CG (Frequency unit: MHz) (V) (mA) (dB) 2.7 to 3.3 25.0 100 to Pre-amplifier + RF/IF Frequency down-converter + PLL Specific synthesizer Package 36-pin plastic QFN Status New Device 120 REF = 16.368 1 chip IC 1stIF = 61.380/2ndIF = 4.092 PB1005GS RF/IF down-converter 2.7 to 3.3 76 to 96 30-pin plastic SSOP 45.0 Available + PLL synthesizer PB1005K REF = 16.368 36-pin plastic QFN 1stIF = 61.380/2ndIF = 4.092 Remark Typical performance. Please refer to ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS in detail. To know the associated products, please refer to their latest data sheets. SYSTEM APPLICATION EXAMPLE GPS receiver RF block diagram 1540f0 BPF 60f0 BPF RF-MIXout 1575.42 MHz from Antenna Pre-Amp * PB1007K is in * f0 = 1.023 MHz in the diagram 4f0 2ndIFin1 2ndIFin2 2ndIFbypass BPF IF-MIXin VGC IF-MIXout RF-MIX 2ndIF-Amp IF-MIX 4f0 64f0 1/25 8f0 16f0 1/2 Buffer to Demdulator REF 1 600f0 CHARGE PUMP OSC 8f0 1stLO-OSC1 to Demdulator 16.368 MHz PD 1/8 4.092 MHz Buffer 1stLO-OSC2 8f0 LOout 16f0 REFout2 LOOP FILTER TCXO 16.368 MHz Caution This diagram schematically shows only the PB1007K's internal functions on the system. This diagram does not present the actual application circuits. 2 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS PB1007K PIN CONNECTION AND INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM GND (2nd IF-AMP) 2ndIFin1 2ndIFin2 2ndIFbypass VCC (2nd IF-AMP) 2ndIFout GND (REF Block) VCC (REF Block) REFin1 Top View 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 IF-MIXout 28 18 REFin2 VCC (IF-MIX) 29 17 REFout1 VGC (IF-MIX) 30 16 Power Down2 IF-MIXin 31 15 Power Down1 /2 GND 32 (IF-MIX) /8 14 REFout2 /25 RF-MIXout 33 13 LOout VCC (RF-MIX) 34 VCC 12 (PLL Block) PD GND 11 (PLL Block) Pre-AMPin 35 Reg GND (Pre-AMP) 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Pre-AMPout VCC (Vreg) GND (Vreg) RF-MIXin GND (RF-MIX) 1stLO-OSC1 1stLO-OSC2 VCC (1stLO-OSC) VCC (PLL Block) CP Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 10 CPout 3 PB1007K PIN EXPLANATION Pin Pin Name No. 1 Pre-AMPout Applied Pin Voltage Voltage (V) (V) - Function and Application voltage Output pin of Pre-amplifier. as same Output biasing and matching as VCC Internal Equivalent Circuit required as it is a open collector 2 output. 2 VCC(Vreg) 2.7 to 3.3 - 1 Supply voltage pin of voltage regulator. This pin should be externally equipped with bypass capacitor to Regulator minimize ground impedance. 3 GND(Vreg) 0 - 35 Pre-AMPin - 0.79 35 Ground pin of voltage regulator. Input pin of Pre-amplifier. 3 LC matching circuit must be 36 connected to this pin. 36 GND(Pre-AMP) 0 - 4 RF-MIXin - 1.00 Ground pin of Pre-amplifier. Input pin of RF mixer. 1 575.42 MHz band pass filter can be inserted between pin 1 and 4. 5 GND(RF-MIX) 0 - Ground pin of RF mixer. 33 RF-MIXout - 1.30 Output pin of RF mixer. 1st IF filter must be inserted 34 1stLOOSC 33 4 between pin 31 and 33. 34 VCC(RF-MIX) 2.7 to 3.3 - Supply voltage pin of RF mixer. This pin should be externally equipped with bypass capacitor to 5 minimize ground impedance. 6 1stLO-OSC1 - 1.80 Pin 6 and 7 are each base pin of 8 RF-MIX or Prescaler input differential amplifier for 1st LO oscillator. These pins should be 7 1stLO-OSC2 - 1.80 equipped with LC and varactor to oscillate on 1 636.80 MHz as VCO. 8 VCC(1stLO-OSC) 2.7 to 3.3 - Supply voltage pin of differential amplifier for 1st LO oscillator 6 circuit. 21 4 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 7 PB1007K Pin Pin Name No. 9 VCC(PLL Block) Applied Pin Voltage Voltage (V) (V) 2.7 to 3.3 - Function and Application Internal Equivalent Circuit Supply voltage pin of PLL block. 9 12 This pin should be externally equipped with bypass capacitor to minimize ground impedance. 10 CPout - Output in Output pin of charge-pump. accordance This pin should be equipped with PD 10 CP with phase external RC in order to adjust difference. dumping factor and cut-off frequency. This tuning voltage output must be connected to varactor diode of 1stLO-OSC. 11 GND(PLL Block) 0 - Ground pin of PLL block. 12 VCC(PLL Block) 2.7 to 3.3 - Supply voltage pin of PLL block. 11 21 This pin should be externally equipped with bypass capacitor to minimize ground impedance. 13 LOout - 1.85 Monitor pin of 1/200 prescaler output. 14 REFout2 - 1.68 IF-MIX PD Monitor pin of 1/2 prescaler output. 15 Power Down1 0 or VCC - Stand-by mode control pin of Preamplifier block, 1stLO-OSC block, charge pump prescaler block, LO PD 12 1st LO- /25 OSC 14 /2 /8 13 Ref. 21 output amplifier, RF mixer, IF mixer, 2ndIF amplifier. Low OFF High ON Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 5 PB1007K Pin Pin Name No. 16 Power Down2 Applied Pin Voltage Voltage (V) (V) 0 or VCC - Function and Application Internal Equivalent Circuit Stand-by mode control pin of reference block. 17 REFout1 - - Low OFF High ON Output pin of reference frequency. The frequency from pin 19 can be 12 20 19 17 taken out as 3 VP-P swing. 18 REFin2 - 2.45 Input pin of reference frequency. This pin should be grounded through capacitor. 19 REFin1 - 2.45 18 1/2 Prescaler Input pin of reference frequency. This pin can use as an input pin of reference frequency buffer. This pin should be equipped with 21 external 16.368 MHz oscillator (example: TCXO). 20 VCC(REF Block) 2.7 to 3.3 - Supply voltage pin of reference block. This pin should be externally equipped with bypass capacitor to minimize ground impedance. 21 GND(REF Block) 0 - 22 2ndIFout - 1.80 Ground pin of reference block. Output pin of 2nd IF amplifier. This pin output 4.092 MHz. This pin should be equipped with external buffer amplifier to adjust level to next stage on user's system. 23 VCC(2nd IF-AMP) 2.7 to 3.3 - Supply voltage pin of 2nd IF 23 amplifier. This pin should be externally 24 equipped with bypass capacitor to 24 2ndIFbypass - 2.10 minimize ground impedance. 25 Bypass pin of 2nd IF amplifier. 26 This pin should be grounded through capacitor. 25 2ndIFin2 - 2.10 Pin of 2nd IF amplifier input 2. This pin should be grounded through capacitor. 26 2ndIFin1 - 2.10 Pin of 2nd IF amplifier input 1. 2nd IF filter can be inserted between 26 and 28. 27 6 GND(2nd IF-AMP) 0 - Ground pin of 2nd IF amplifier. Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 27 22 PB1007K Pin Pin Name No. 28 IF-MIXout Applied Pin Voltage Voltage (V) (V) - 1.0 Function and Application Internal Equivalent Circuit Output pin of IF mixer. IF mixer output signal goes through gain control amplifier before this emitter follower output port. 29 VCC(IF-MIX) 2.7 to 3.3 - Supply voltage pin of IF mixer. 30 29 This pin should be externally equipped with bypass capacitor to 30 VGC(IF-MIX) 0 to 3.3 - minimize ground impedance. 31 Gain control voltage pin of IF 2ndLO 28 mixer output amplifier. This voltage performs forward control 32 (VGC up Gain down). 31 IF-MIXin - 1.97 32 GND(IF-MIX) 0 - Input pin of IF mixer. Ground pin of IF mixer. Caution Ground pattern on the board must be formed as wide as possible to minimize ground impedance. Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 7 PB1007K ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Supply Voltage Symbol Test Conditions Ratings Unit VCC TA = +25C 3.6 V ICCTotal TA = +25C 100 mA Power Dissipation PD TA = +85C 360 mW Operating Ambient Temperature TA -40 to +85 C Storage Temperature Tstg -55 to +150 C Total Circuit Current Note Note Mounted on double-sided copper-clad 50 x 50 x 1.6 mm epoxy glass PWB RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGE Parameter Symbol MIN. TYP. MAX. Unit Supply Voltage VCC 2.7 3.0 3.3 V Operating Ambient Temperature TA -40 +25 +85 C RF Input Frequency fRFin - 1 575.42 - MHz 1st LO Oscillating Frequency f1stLOin - 1 636.80 - MHz 1st IF Input Frequency f1stIFin - 61.380 - MHz 2nd LO Input Frequency f2ndLOin - 65.472 - MHz 2nd IF Input Frequency f2ndIFin - 4.092 - MHz fREFin - 16.368 - MHz - 8.184 - MHz Reference Input/Output Frequency fREFout LO Output Frequency 8 fLOout Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS PB1007K ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = +25C, VCC = 3.0 V) Parameter Total Circuit Current Symbol ICCTotal Test Conditions All block operating @ PLL lock MIN. TYP. MAX. Unit 19.0 25.0 35.0 mA Power-save Dark Current ICC(PD) Pin 15 = Pin 16 = 0 V - - 5 A Reference Block Circuit Current ICCREF Pin 15 = 0 V, Pin 16 = 3 V - 3 4 mA Pre-amplifier Block (fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz, ZS = ZL = 50 ) Circuit Current 1 ICC1 No Signals 1.65 2.50 3.50 mA Power Gain GP Input/Output matching, PRFin = -40 dBm 12.5 15.5 18.5 dB Noise Figure NF Input/Output matching - 3.2 4.0 dB RF Down-converter Block (fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz, f1stLOin = 1 636.80 MHz, PLOin = -10 dBm, ZS = ZL = 50 ) Circuit Current 2 ICC2 No Signals 5.2 7.0 9.9 mA RF Conversion Gain CGRF PRFin = -40 dBm 15.5 18.5 21.5 dB RF-SSB Noise Figure NFRF - 10.5 13.5 dB -4 -1 - dBm No Signals 2.7 3.5 5.0 mA at Maximum Gain, P1stIFin = -50 dBm 40 43 46 dB at Maximum Gain - 11.5 14.5 dB -9.0 -6.0 - dBm RF Saturated Output Power PO(sat)RF PRFin = -10 dBm IF Down-converter Block (f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz, f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz, ZS = 50 , ZL = 2 k) Circuit Current 3 IF Conversion Voltage Gain IF-SSB Noise Figure 2nd IF Saturated Output Power ICC3 CG(GV)IF NFIF PO(sat)2ndIF at Maximum Gain, P1stIFin = -20 dBm Gain Control Voltage VGC Voltage at Maximum Gain CGIF - - 1.0 V Gain Control Range DGC P1stIFin = -50 dBm 20 - - dB 2nd IF Amplifier (f2ndIFin = 4.092 MHz, ZS = 50 , ZL = 2 k) Circuit Current 4 ICC4 No Signals 0.8 1.0 1.6 mA Voltage Gain GV P2ndIFin = -60 dBm 40 43 46 dB -14.0 -11.0 - dBm 8.7 11.0 14.4 mA 2nd IF Saturated Output Power PO(sat)2ndIF P2ndIFin = -30 dBm PLL Synthesizer Block Circuit Current 5 ICC5 Loop Filter Output (High) VO H 2.8 - - V Loop Filter Output (Low) VOL - - 0.4 V 200 - - mVP-P 2.9 3.0 - VP-P Reference Minimum Input Level VREFin PLL All Block Operating ZL = 100 k//0.6 pF Impedance of measurement equipment Reference Output Swing VREFout ZL = 100 k//0.6 pF Impedance of measurement equipment Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 9 PB1007K STANDARD CHARACTERISTICS (TA = +25C, VCC = 3.0 V) Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Reference Unit -20 dBm Pre-amplifier Block (fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz, ZS = ZL = 50 ) Input 1dB Compression Level Pin(1dB) Input/Output matching RF Down-converter Block (P1stLOin = -10 dBm, ZS = ZL = 50 ) LO Leakage to IF Pin LOif f1stLOin = 1 636.80 MHz -37 dBm LO Leakage to RF Pin LOrf f1stLOin = 1 636.80 MHz -36 dBm fRFin1 = 1 600 MHz, fRFin2 = 1 605 MHz, -15 dBm Input 3rd Order Intercept Point IIP3(RF) f1stLOin = 1 660 MHz IF Down-converter Block (1st LO oscillating, ZS = 50 , ZL = 2 k) LO Leakage to 1st IF Pin LO1stif f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz -90 dBm LO Leakage to 2nd IF Pin LO2ndif f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz -63 dBm Input 3rd Order Intercept Point IIP3(IF) -27.5 dBm 8.184 MHz 83 dBc/Hz f1stIFin1 = 61.38 MHz, f1stIFin2 = 61.48 MHz, f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz PLL Synthesizer Block Phase Comparing Frequency fPD PLL loop C/N PLL Loop, 1 kHz of VCO wave VCO Block Phase Noise 10 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS PB1007K TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Unless otherwise specified, TA = +25C, VCC = 3.0 V) IC TOTAL TOTAL CIRCUIT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE Total Circuit Current ICCTotal (mA) 40 PLL lock 35 30 25 TA = +85C TA = +25C TA = -40C 20 15 10 5 1 0 2 3 4 Supply Voltage VCC (V) PRE-AMPLIFIER BLOCK CIRCUIT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4 Circuit Current ICC (mA) No signal 3 2 1 1 0 2 3 4 Supply Voltage VCC (V) OUTPUT POWER vs. INPUT POWER OUTPUT POWER vs. INPUT POWER +10 +10 0 Output Power Pout (dBm) Output Power Pout (dBm) fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz -10 VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 2.7 V -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 0 VCC = 3 V fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz -10 TA = +85C TA = +25C TA = -40C -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 Input Power Pin (dBm) -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 Input Power Pin (dBm) Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 11 PB1007K RF DOWN-CONVERTER BLOCK CIRCUIT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 2 Circuit Current ICC (mA) No signal 1.5 1 0.5 1 0 2 3 4 Supply Voltage VCC (V) 1stIF OUTPUT POWER vs. RF INPUT POWER 1stIF OUTPUT POWER vs. RF INPUT POWER +10 0 -10 VCC = 2.7 V VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 3.3 V -20 -30 fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz fLOin = 1 636.8 MHz PLOin = -10 dBm f1stIFout = 61.38 MHz -40 -50 -60 -40 -20 0 1stIF Output Power P1stIFout (dBm) 1stIF Output Power P1stIFout (dBm) +10 -20 -30 VCC = 3 V fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz fLOin = 1 636.8 MHz PLOin = -10 dBm f1stIFout = 61.38 MHz -20 0 +20 -40 -40 RF Input Power PRFin (dBm) 1stIF OUTPUT POWER vs. 1stLO INPUT POWER RF CONVERSION GAIN vs. RF INPUT FREQUENCY 30 VCC = 3.3 V -20 VCC = 3.0 V -30 VCC = 2.7 V -40 fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz PRFin = -40 dBm f1stLOin = 1 636.8 MHz f1stIFout = 61.38 MHz -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 VCC = 3.3 V 25 VCC = 3.0 V 20 15 VCC = 2.7 V 10 5 PRFin = -40 dBm P1stLOin = -10 dBm f1stIFout = 61.38 MHz fLO = fRFin + f1stIFout 0 0.1 1stLO Input Power P1stLOin (dBm) 12 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C RF Input Power PRFin (dBm) RF Conversion Gain CGRF (dB) 1stIF Output Power P1stIFout (dBm) -10 -50 -60 +20 -10 -60 -50 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 1 RF Input Frequency fRFin (GHz) Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 2 RF CONVERSION GAIN vs. 1stIF OUTPUT FREQUENCY RF Conversion Gain CGRF (dB) 30 25 VCC = 3.3 V 20 15 VCC = 2.7 V VCC = 3.0 V 10 fRFin = 1 575.42 MHz PRFin = -40 dBm 5 P1stLOin = -10 dBm fLOin = fRFin + f1stIFout Upper local 0 30 10 50 100 300 1stIF Output Frequency f1stIFout (MHz) 1stIF Output Power of Each Tone P1stIFout (each) (dBm) PB1007K 1stIF OUTPUT POWER OF EACH TONE vs. RF INPUT POWER OF EACH TONE +20 VCC = 3 V fRFin1 = 1 600 MHz fRFin2 = 1 605 MHz 0 f1stLOin = 1 660 MHz P1stLOin = -10 dBm -20 -40 -60 -80 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 RF Input Power of Each Tone PRFin (each) (dBm) IF DOWN-CONVERTER BLOCK CIRCUIT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 5 Circuit Current ICC (mA) No signal 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 Supply Voltage VCC (V) 2ndIF OUTPUT POWER vs. 1stIF INPUT POWER 2ndIF OUTPUT POWER vs. 1stIF INPUT POWER 0 -10 VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 2.7 V -20 -30 -40 -50 -80 -70 -60 f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz P2ndLOin = -10 dBm f2ndIFout = 4.092 MHz VGC = GND -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 2ndIF Output Power P2ndIFout (dBm) 2ndIF Output Power P2ndIFout (dBm) 0 TA = +25C -10 TA = -40C TA = +85C -20 -30 -40 -50 -80 -70 1stIF Input Power P1stIFin (dBm) -60 VCC = 3 V f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz P2ndLOin = -10 dBm f2ndIFout = 4.092 MHz VGC = GND -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 1stIF Input Power P1stIFin (dBm) Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 13 PB1007K 50 VCC = 3.3 V VCC = 3.0 V 45 40 VCC = 2.7 V 35 30 P1stIFin = -50 dBm P2ndLOin = -10 dBm f2ndIFout = 4.092 MHz VGC = GND 25 20 10 30 50 70 100 35 30 VCC = 3 V P1stIFin = -50 dBm P2ndLOin = -10 dBm f2ndIFout = 4.092 MHz VGC = GND 25 20 10 30 50 70 100 IF Conversion Voltage Gain CG(GV)IF (dB) VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 2.7 V 35 30 f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz P1stIFin = -50 dBm P2ndLOin = -10 dBm f2ndIFout = f1stIFin - f2ndLOin VGC = GND 25 3 1 5 7 10 50 45 40 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C 35 VCC = 3 V f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz P1stIFin = -50 dBm 25 P2ndLOin = -10 dBm f2ndIFout = f1stIFin - f2ndLOin VGC = GND 30 20 3 1 5 7 2ndIF Output Frequency f2ndIFout (MHz) 2ndIF Output Frequency f2ndIFout (MHz) IF CONVERSION VOLTAGE GAIN vs. GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE IF CONVERSION VOLTAGE GAIN vs. GAIN CONTROL VOLTAGE 50 40 VCC = 3.3 V 30 VCC = 2.7 V VCC = 3.0 V 20 10 f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz P1stIFin = -50 dBm f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz f2ndIFout = 4.092 MHz 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 10 50 TA = -40C 40 TA = +25C 30 TA = +85C 20 10 VCC = 3 V f1stIFin = 61.38 MHz P1stIFin = -50 dBm f2ndLOin = 65.472 MHz f2ndIFout =4.092 MHz 0 -10 Gain Control Voltage VGC (V) 14 TA = -40C TA = +25C TA = +85C IF CONVERSION VOLTAGE GAIN vs. 2ndIF OUTPUT FREQUENCY VCC = 3.3 V 0 40 IF CONVERSION VOLTAGE GAIN vs. 2ndIF OUTPUT FREQUENCY 40 -10 45 1stIF Input Frequency f1stIFin (MHz) 45 0 50 1stIF Input Frequency f1stIFin (MHz) 50 20 IF Conversion Voltage Gain CG(GV)IF (dB) IF CONVERSION VOLTAGE GAIN vs.1stIF INPUT FREQUENCY IF Conversion Voltage Gain CG(GV)IF (dB) IF Conversion Voltage Gain CG(GV)IF (dB) IF Conversion Voltage Gain CG(GV)IF (dB) IF Conversion Voltage Gain CG(GV)IF (dB) IF CONVERSION VOLTAGE GAIN vs.1stIF INPUT FREQUENCY 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 Gain Control Voltage VGC (V) Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 3 2ndIF Output Power of Each Tone P2ndIFout (each) (dBm) PB1007K 2ndIF OUTPUT POWER OF EACH TONE vs. 1stIF INPUT POWER OF EACH TONE 0 VCC = 3 V 1 = 61.38 MHz -10 ff1stIFin 1stIFin2 = 61.48 MHz = 65.472 MHz -20 fP2ndLOin 2ndLOin = -10 dBm -30 VGC = GND -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 1stIF Input Power of Each Tone P1stIFin (each) (dBm) IF AMPLIFIER BLOCK CIRCUIT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 6 No signal Circuit Current ICC (mA) 5 4 3 2 1 1 0 2 3 4 Supply Voltage VCC (V) 2ndIF OUTPUT POWER vs. 2ndIF INPUT POWER 2ndIF OUTPUT POWER vs. 2ndIF INPUT POWER 0 2ndIF Output Power P2ndIFout (dBm) 2ndIF Output Power P2ndIFout (dBm) 0 -10 VCC = 3.3 V -20 -30 VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 2.7 V -40 f2ndIFin = 4.092 MHz RL = 2 k -50 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 TA = +85C -10 TA = +25C -20 TA = -40C -30 -40 -50 -80 -70 2ndIF Input Power P2ndIFin (dBm) -60 VCC = 3 V f2ndIFin = 4.092 MHz RL = 2 k -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 2ndIF Input Power P2ndIFin (dBm) Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 15 PB1007K VOLTAGE GAIN vs. 2ndIF INPUT FREQUENCY VOLTAGE GAIN vs. 2ndIF INPUT FREQUENCY 50 50 VCC = 3.3 V 40 VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 2.7 V 35 Voltage Gain GV (dB) Voltage Gain GV (dB) TA = -40C 45 40 TA = +85C 35 VCC = 3 V P2ndIFin = -60 dBm RL = 2 k P2ndIFin = -60 dBm RL = 2 k 30 0.1 TA = +25C 45 1 10 30 0.1 100 2ndIF Input Frequency f2ndIFin (MHz) 1 10 100 2ndIF Input Frequency f2ndIFin (MHz) PLL SYNTHESIZER BLOCK CIRCUIT CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE 14 No signal Circuit Current ICC (mA) 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 0 2 3 4 Supply Voltage VCC (V) REFERENCE BLOCK 4.0 VCC = 3.3 V 3.5 3.0 2.5 VCC = 3.0 V VCC = 2.7 V 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 PREFin = 0 dBm 1 REFERENCE OUTPUT SWING vs. REFERENCE INPUT FREQUENCY Reference Output Swing VREFout (VP-P) Reference Output Swing VREFout (VP-P) REFERENCE OUTPUT SWING vs. REFERENCE INPUT FREQUENCY 10 100 4.0 TA = -40C 3.0 2.5 TA = +85C 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 VCC = 3 V 0.0 PREFin = 0 dBm 1 Reference Input Frequency fREFin (MHz) 16 TA = +25C 3.5 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 10 Reference Input Frequency fREFin (MHz) 100 PB1007K 4.0 VCC = 3.3 V 3.5 3.0 2.5 VCC = 3.0 V 2.0 VCC = 2.7 V 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 -50 -40 -30 fREFin = 16.368 MHz RL = 100 k//0.6 pF -20 -10 0 +10 REFERENCE OUTPUT SWING vs. REFERENCE INPUT POWER Reference Output Swing VREFout (VP-P) Reference Output Swing VREFout (VP-P) REFERENCE OUTPUT SWING vs. REFERENCE INPUT POWER 4.0 3.5 TA = -40C 3.0 TA = +25C 2.5 2.0 TA = +85C 1.5 1.0 VCC = 3 V fREFin = 16.368 MHz RL = 100 k//0.6 pF 0.5 0.0 -50 Reference Input Power PREFin (dBm) -40 -30 -20 -10 0 +10 Reference Input Power PREFin (dBm) Remark The graphs indicate nominal characteristics. Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 17 PB1007K MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 1 (Pre-Amplifier Block) Signal Generater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 10 nF 28 18 29 17 1 F 30 16 0.1 F 31 10 nF /8 32 Terminater 50 10 nF 50 /25 33 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 15 /2 PD 34 1 F 13 1 F 12 35 1 nF 4.7 nH 0.1 F 14 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 10 CP Signal Generater 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 pF 22 pF 2.7 nH 7 22 pF 10 nF 4.7 k 1 pF 9 8 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 100 pF 3.9 nH 4.7 k 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 750 2 nF Terminater Spectrum Analyzer 15 nF 1SV285 MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 2 (Pre-Amplifier Block: NF) Signal Generater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 10 nF 28 18 29 17 1 F 30 16 0.1 F 31 10 nF /8 32 Terminater 50 10 nF /25 33 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 15 /2 PD 34 13 1 F 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 Noise Source 2 3 4 5 6 22 pF 2.7 nH 7 1 pF 10 nF 4.7 k 1 pF 8 9 22 pF 3.9 nH 4.7 k NF Meter 50 10 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 100 pF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 15 nF 1SV285 Terminater 18 1 F 12 35 1 nF 4.7 nH 0.1 F 14 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 2 nF 750 PB1007K MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 3 (RF-MIX Block) Terminater Terminater 50 50 Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 1.95 k 10 nF 50 10 nF Terminater 10 nF 50 10 nF 26 25 24 23 22 21 1 F 18 29 17 30 16 1 F 31 Spectrum Analyzer 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 19 28 /8 50 0.1 F 14 /25 33 13 PD 34 12 0.1 F Terminater 50 35 1 nF 4.7 nH Terminater 0.1 F 15 /2 32 50 20 11 Reg 1 nF 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 1 nF 9 8 2.7 nH 10 nF 100 pF 1 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 50 Signal Signal Generater Generater Terminater MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 4 (RF-MIX Block: NF) Terminater Terminater 50 50 Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 19 1 F 28 18 29 17 30 16 31 50 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 15 /2 10 nF /8 32 NF Meter 20 1.95 k 10 nF 34 12 35 1 nF 4.7 nH 50 0.1 F 0.1 F 13 PD Terminater 50 Terminater 14 /25 33 1 F 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 1 nF 9 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 100 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 Terminater Noise Source Signal Generater Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 19 PB1007K MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 5 (IF Down-Converter Block) Terminater Terminater 50 50 Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Spectrum Analyzer 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF Signal Generater 10 nF 50 10 nF 50 19 1 F 28 18 29 17 30 16 31 10 nF /8 50 0.1 F 0.1 F 13 PD 34 12 0.1 F Terminater 50 35 1 nF 4.7 nH Terminater 14 /25 33 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 1 F 15 /2 32 Terminater 20 1.95 k 10 nF 11 1 nF Reg 36 10 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 nF 9 8 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 100 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 Terminater 50 Terminater Signal Generater MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 6 (IF Down-Converter Block: NF) Terminater Terminater 50 50 Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 F 1.95 k 10 nF NF Meter 10 nF 10 nF Noise Source 28 18 29 17 30 16 31 /8 32 Terminater 50 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 15 /2 10 nF 12 Terminater 50 35 1 nF 4.7 nH 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 100 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 Terminater 20 0.1 F 13 PD 34 50 50 Terminater Signal Generater Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F Terminater 50 0.1 F 14 /25 33 1 F 1 nF PB1007K MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 7 (IF Amplifier Block) Signal Generater Spectrum Analyzer 50 50 Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 1 F 18 29 17 30 16 10 nF 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF /8 50 0.1 F 0.1 F 13 PD 34 12 0.1 F Terminater 50 35 1 nF 4.7 nH Terminater 14 /25 33 1 F 15 /2 32 50 19 28 31 50 Terminater 20 1.95 k 10 nF 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 1 nF 9 8 2.7 nH 10 nF 100 pF 1 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 50 Terminater Terminater Terminater MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 8 (IF Amplifier Block: NF) NF Meter Terminater Noise Source 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 1 F 18 29 17 30 16 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 15 /2 10 nF /8 32 50 19 28 31 50 Terminater 20 1.95 k 10 nF 12 35 1 nF 4.7 nH 50 0.1 F 0.1 F 13 PD 34 Terminater 50 Terminater 14 /25 33 1 F 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 1 nF 9 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 100 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 Terminater 50 Terminater Terminater Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 21 PB1007K MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 9 (IF Amplifier Block: Output Swing) Signal Generater Terminater 50 50 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF Oscilloscope 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 50 50 19 1 F 10 nF 28 18 29 17 30 16 31 10 nF /8 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 0.1 F 0.1 F 14 /25 33 1 F 15 /2 32 Terminater 20 1.95 k 10 nF 1 F 1 nF 4.7 nH 1 nF 50 13 PD 34 12 0.1 F Terminater 50 Terminater 35 11 Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 1 nF 9 8 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 0.1 F 100 pF 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 50 Terminater Terminater Terminater MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 10 (1/2 Prescaler) Terminater Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF Singal Generater 50 50 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 1 F 18 29 17 30 16 10 nF 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 15 /2 /8 32 50 19 28 31 50 Terminater 20 1.95 k 10 nF 14 /25 33 PD 34 12 35 1 nF 4.7 nH 0.1 F 1 F 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 100 pF 0.1 F 1 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 Terminater 22 0.1 F 13 Terminater 50 1 F 50 Terminater Terminater Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 1 nF Spectrum Analyzer 50 PB1007K MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 11 (1/200 Prescaler) Terminater Terminater 50 50 Terminater 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 19 1 F 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 28 18 29 17 30 16 31 50 Terminater 10 nF /8 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 50 0.1 F 1 F 13 PD 34 35 1 nF 4.7 nH Spectrum Analyzer 50 12 0.1 F Terminater 50 Terminater 0.1 F 14 /25 33 1 F 15 /2 10 nF 32 50 20 1.95 k 10 nF 11 1 nF Reg 36 10 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 nF 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 9 8 10 nF Transformer 100 pF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 50 50 Terminater Signal Terminater Terminater Generater MEASUREMENT CIRCUIT 12 (REF Output) Terminater Terminater 50 Signal Generater 50 50 0.1 F 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 0.1 F 27 Terminater 26 25 24 23 22 21 50 10 nF 10 nF Terminater 50 50 19 1 F 28 18 29 17 30 16 31 15 /2 10 nF /8 32 Terminater 20 1.95 k 10 nF 10 nF 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 pF 14 /25 33 PD 34 12 35 1 nF 4.7 nH Oscilloscope 0.1 F 0.1 F 1 F 13 Terminater 50 1 F Terminater 50 0.1 F 11 1 nF Reg 36 CP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 2.7 nH 10 nF 1 pF 100 pF 10 nF 10 nF 100 pF 1 nF 0.1 F 10 nF 10 pF 10 nF 50 50 Terminater 50 50 Terminater Terminater Terminater Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 23 PB1007K PACKAGE DIMENSIONS 36-PIN PLASTIC QFN (UNIT: mm) 6.20.2 6.00.2 6.20.2 6.00.2 6.20.2 6.00.2 36 Pin 1 Pin (Bottom View) 6.20.2 6.00.2 0.550.2 1.0MAX. 0.14+0.10 -0.05 0.220.05 0.5 24 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS PB1007K NOTES ON CORRECT USE (1) Observe precautions for handling because of electro-static sensitive devices. (2) Form a ground pattern as widely as possible to minimize ground impedance (to prevent abnormal oscillation). (3) Keep the wiring length of the ground pins as short as possible. (4) Connect a bypass capacitor (example: 1 000 pF) to the VCC pin. (5) High-frequency signal I/O pins must be coupled with the external circuit using a coupling capacitor. RECOMMENDED SOLDERING CONDITIONS This product should be soldered and mounted under the following recommended conditions. For soldering methods and conditions other than those recommended below, contact your nearby sales office. Soldering Method Infrared Reflow VPS Wave Soldering Soldering Conditions Condition Symbol Peak temperature (package surface temperature) : 260C or below Time at peak temperature : 10 seconds or less Time at temperature of 220C or higher : 60 seconds or less Preheating time at 120 to 180C : 12030 seconds Maximum number of reflow processes : 3 times Maximum chlorine content of rosin flux (% mass) : 0.2%(Wt.) or below Peak temperature (package surface temperature) : 215C or below Time at temperature of 200C or higher : 25 to 40 seconds Preheating time at 120 to 150C : 30 to 60 seconds Maximum number of reflow processes : 3 times Maximum chlorine content of rosin flux (% mass) : 0.2%(Wt.) or below Peak temperature (molten solder temperature) : 260C or below Time at peak temperature : 10 seconds or less IR260 VP215 WS260 Preheating temperature (package surface temperature) : 120C or below Partial Heating Maximum number of flow processes : 1 time Maximum chlorine content of rosin flux (% mass) : 0.2%(Wt.) or below Peak temperature (pin temperature) : 350C or below Soldering time (per side of device) : 3 seconds or less Maximum chlorine content of rosin flux (% mass) : 0.2%(Wt.) or below HS350 Caution Do not use different soldering methods together (except for partial heating). Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS 25 PB1007K * The information in this document is current as of February, 2002. The information is subject to change without notice. For actual design-in, refer to the latest publications of NEC's data sheets or data books, etc., for the most up-to-date specifications of NEC semiconductor products. Not all products and/or types are available in every country. Please check with an NEC sales representative for availability and additional information. * No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of NEC. NEC assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. * NEC does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of NEC semiconductor products listed in this document or any other liability arising from the use of such products. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC or others. * Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. The incorporation of these circuits, software and information in the design of customer's equipment shall be done under the full responsibility of customer. NEC assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by customers or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information. * While NEC endeavours to enhance the quality, reliability and safety of NEC semiconductor products, customers agree and acknowledge that the possibility of defects thereof cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage to property or injury (including death) to persons arising from defects in NEC semiconductor products, customers must incorporate sufficient safety measures in their design, such as redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features. * NEC semiconductor products are classified into the following three quality grades: "Standard", "Special" and "Specific". The "Specific" quality grade applies only to semiconductor products developed based on a customer-designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. The recommended applications of a semiconductor product depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. Customers must check the quality grade of each semiconductor product before using it in a particular application. "Standard": Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audio and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment and industrial robots "Special": Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed for life support) "Specific": Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life support systems and medical equipment for life support, etc. The quality grade of NEC semiconductor products is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in NEC's data sheets or data books, etc. If customers wish to use NEC semiconductor products in applications not intended by NEC, they must contact an NEC sales representative in advance to determine NEC's willingness to support a given application. (Note) (1) "NEC" as used in this statement means NEC Corporation, NEC Compound Semiconductor Devices, Ltd. and also includes its majority-owned subsidiaries. (2) "NEC semiconductor products" means any semiconductor product developed or manufactured by or for NEC (as defined above). M8E 00. 4 - 0110 26 Data Sheet PU10014EJ02V0DS PB1007K Business issue NEC Compound Semiconductor Devices, Ltd. 5th Sales Group, Sales Division TEL: +81-3-3798-6372 FAX: +81-3-3798-6783 E-mail: salesinfo@csd-nec.com NEC Compound Semiconductor Devices Hong Kong Limited Hong Kong Head Office FAX: +852-3107-7309 TEL: +852-3107-7303 Taipei Branch Office TEL: +886-2-8712-0478 FAX: +886-2-2545-3859 Korea Branch Office FAX: +82-2-528-0302 TEL: +82-2-528-0301 NEC Electron Devices European Operations http://www.nec.de/ TEL: +49-211-6503-101 FAX: +49-211-6503-487 California Eastern Laboratories, Inc. http://www.cel.com/ TEL: +1-408-988-3500 FAX: +1-408-988-0279 Technical issue NEC Compound Semiconductor Devices, Ltd. http://www.csd-nec.com/ Sales Engineering Group, Sales Division E-mail: techinfo@csd-nec.com FAX: +81-44-435-1918 0110 4590 Patrick Henry Drive Santa Clara, CA 95054-1817 Telephone: (408) 919-2500 Facsimile: (408) 988-0279 Subject: Compliance with EU Directives CEL certifies, to its knowledge, that semiconductor and laser products detailed below are compliant with the requirements of European Union (EU) Directive 2002/95/EC Restriction on Use of Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) and the requirements of EU Directive 2003/11/EC Restriction on Penta and Octa BDE. CEL Pb-free products have the same base part number with a suffix added. The suffix -A indicates that the device is Pb-free. The -AZ suffix is used to designate devices containing Pb which are exempted from the requirement of RoHS directive (*). In all cases the devices have Pb-free terminals. All devices with these suffixes meet the requirements of the RoHS directive. This status is based on CEL's understanding of the EU Directives and knowledge of the materials that go into its products as of the date of disclosure of this information. Restricted Substance per RoHS Concentration Limit per RoHS (values are not yet fixed) Concentration contained in CEL devices -A Not Detected Lead (Pb) < 1000 PPM Mercury < 1000 PPM Not Detected Cadmium < 100 PPM Not Detected Hexavalent Chromium < 1000 PPM Not Detected PBB < 1000 PPM Not Detected PBDE < 1000 PPM Not Detected -AZ (*) If you should have any additional questions regarding our devices and compliance to environmental standards, please do not hesitate to contact your local representative. Important Information and Disclaimer: Information provided by CEL on its website or in other communications concerting the substance content of its products represents knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. CEL bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. CEL has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. CEL and CEL suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. In no event shall CEL's liability arising out of such information exceed the total purchase price of the CEL part(s) at issue sold by CEL to customer on an annual basis. See CEL Terms and Conditions for additional clarification of warranties and liability.