UHF ASK/FSK Industrial Transmitter ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 1. Introduction The ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 are PLL transmitter ICs, which have been developed for the demands of RF low-cost transmission systems for industrial applications at data rates up to 50 kBit/s ASK and 32 kBit/s FSK modulation scheme. With these products Atmel(R) offers the solution for the PLL transmitter for industrial market covering frequency ranges 310 MHz to 350 MHz with ATA8401, 429 MHz to 439 MHz with ATA8402 and 868 MHz to 928 MHz with ATA8403. The purpose of this application note is firstly to summarize some important hints for the design using these transmitters and secondly to describe the Atmel demo boards as well as the evaluation with the demo software. 2. Application Hints 2.1 UHF ASK/FSK Industrial Transmitter ATA8401/ ATA8402/ ATA8403 Application Note Antenna Design, Layout and Matching Different applications and of course different operation frequency ranges need different antenna solutions. Short Range Device (SRD) in the ISM bands around 315 MHz, 433.92 MHz and 868 MHz use mostly quarter-wave monopoles, helical antennas, or printed small loop antennas. Antenna characteristic such as directivity, gain, polarization, impedance, and bandwidth determine the system performance of the application. In addition to technical requirements, cost and the package are the most significant parameters to consider for mass-production. Choosing an antenna design is for the most part a compromise between cost, package, and technical requirements. For the general application of hand-held wireless control transmitters, the printed "small" loop antenna is free of cost and its size is smaller than a whip antenna. The loop antenna performance satisfies most system requirements, and it also has the added benefit of hand-in sensitivity. A "small" loop antenna is an antenna with total loop length (circumference) of less than one fifth of a wavelength (/5). (The rule of thumb is approximately tenth of the wavelength (/10).) Atmel's demo board uses a small loop antenna. Therefore, the equations in this application note are only valid for the small loop antenna. 9115A-INDCO-01/08 For radiation, a loop antenna needs a strong current flowing through it in order to generate a magnetic field as the loop antenna is a magnetic antenna. The radiation resistance of the antenna is a primary determiner of the antenna's transmitted power. 2 3 A R Rad 31.2 x 10 ------4 Notes: Equation 1 1. A is the loop area in square meters 2. is the wavelength in meter A second important parameter of the antenna's transmitted power is the loss of the loop antenna. This can be derived from the skin depth theory under the assumption that the trace width is much greater than trace's thickness, which is greater than the skin depth. The loss resistance for a copper trace can be calculated with the following equation: l -7 R loss_loop ------- x ( 2.59 x 10 ) f 2w Notes: Equation 2 1. L is the total perimeter of the antenna in meters referring to the trace's centre 2. W is the trace width in meters In order to estimate the transmit power using the loop antenna, it is necessary to determine the efficiency of the antenna. This is given by: R Rad = -----------------------------------------------------------------------R Rad + R loss_loop + R loss_cap Notes: Equation 3 1. RRad is the radiation resistance of the antenna 2. Rloss_loop is the loss resistance of the loop's trace 3. Rloss_cap is the loss of the capacitors for the matching The radiated power can be calculated, as follows: 2 P Rad = ( I loop ) x R Rad Note: Equation 4 Iloop is the current flow through the loop antenna The relationship between the effective radiated power (ERP) and the IC's output power (Pout,IC) driving the antenna is: ERP = x P out,IC 2 Equation 5 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 The equivalent circuit for the loop antenna is shown in Figure 2-1. Figure 2-1. Equivalent Circuit of a Loop Antenna RRad Rloss Loop An estimation of the loop inductance is necessary to match the loop antenna. This value can be determined using a formula for inductance of a polygon of general shape (Equation 6). This formula provides a result with 5% accuracy. 8A -7 L = 2 x 10 x l x ln ------- lw Notes: Equation 6 1. L is the loop perimeter 2. A is the loop area 3. W is the trace width of the loop antenna The Q factor of the loop antenna is given by L loop Q loop = -------------R loss Equation 7 To optimize the performance of the loop antenna the following rules must be considered: * The area enclosed by the loop has to be designed as large as possible and the ground area within the loop must be small. * The field density increases towards the loop edges. Therefore, enough space must be provided near to the loop edges. * The trace width of the loop antenna should not exceed 1.5 mm to avoid a large antenna Q factor. Figure 2-2. Layout Design of the Loop Antenna Ground Ground Loop Antenna Ideal Loop Antenna Suboptimal 3 9115A-INDCO-01/08 The Power Amplifier (PA) is an open collector output delivering a current pulse, which is nearly independent from the load impedance. Therefore, the output power can be controlled via the connected load impedance. To achieve the maximum output power, the PA's output capacitance has to be compensated for by the reactive part of the load impedance so that all the power will be delivered to the resistive load. The saturation of the PA's output transistor is the limitation of the voltage swing at matching. The PA's matching principle is illustrated in Figure 2-3. The open collector output stage of the PA needs the DC current delivered by a low resistive path to the power supply (VS). This low resistive path will be provided by connecting a feed inductor (RF choke) on the PA output (pin Ant1). Figure 2-3. Principle of Power Amplifier Matching V(t) V(t) I(t) Zload optimum CPA_Out VS Vce sat I(t) I The simple matching method of the loop antenna to the power amplifier is illustrated in Figure 2-4 on page 5. The capacitors Cmatch1 and Cmatch2 transform the parallel resonance impedance (Z||) of the loop antenna to match the optimal load impedance of the transmitter, Zload,opt. The optimum load impedance of each transmitter is: ATA8401 requires Zload,opt of (255 + j192) ATA8402 requires Zload,opt of (166 + j223) ATA8403 requires Zload,opt of (166 + j226) 4 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 Figure 2-4. Matching Loop Antenna to the Power Amplifier ZII VS CII RF Choke Cmatch2 RF Choke Loop Loop Antenna Zload ANT1 ANT1 PA PA Rloss CPA_Out CPA_Out Cmatch1 ANT2 ANT2 Rrad Cmatch1 Cmatch2 The parallel resonance impedance (Z||) can be calculated by equation 8. Z II = Q loop 2fL loop Equation 8 The variable r in the equation 9 describes the transformation ratio of the matching structure (Cmatch1,2). 2 Z II = r Z load Equation 9 ( C match1 + C PA_Out )C match2 1 C II = ------------------ = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------2 ( C match1 + C PA_Out ) + C match2 L loop Equation 10 ( C match1 + C PA_Out ) + C match2 r = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C match1 = r x C II - C PA_Out C match2 C match1 + C PA_Out C match2 = ---------------------------------------------r-1 Equation 11 Equation 12 In order to get lower influences of the capacitor's tolerance and to achieve an optimal matching with standard elements, two capacitor are used in series for Cmatch2 . The Cmatch1 has to be placed as close as possible to the IC to suppress the first harmonic. The connection of the pin ANT2 to ground must be designed properly. The best practical way is to place several vias direct to the ground plane of the board. This rule of ground connection is also valid for the ground connection of the matching elements. If a higher harmonic rejection is needed, an additional low-pass filter has to be designed between the loop antenna and the transmitter. Figure 2-5 on page 6 shows the principle schematic. The Cx must be placed as close as possible to the power amplifier output. 5 9115A-INDCO-01/08 Figure 2-5. Matching Structure of the Loop Antenna with an Additional Harmonic Rejection VS RF Choke LX ANT1 PA CX CPA_Out ANT2 Cmatch1 Cmatch2 Caution: the formulas provide a theoretical start value for tuning of the real values on the application board. 2.2 Board Layout The decoupling measure of the power supply is very important to minimize any disturbance in the internal circuit. It is recommended that a capacitor X7R with a value of 68 nF is placed between VS (pin 6) and GND (pin 7) of the transmitter. The decoupling effect is better if the capacitor is placed as close as possible to the IC. The ground connection between the decoupling capacitor and ground plane must be design properly. Figure 2-6. Example for a Board Layout Vbatt Cd1 Cd3 L1 Lx Cd2 XTAL ANT1 VS ANT2 GND PA_EN EN CLK Cx C C CL 6 C ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 Figure 2-6 on page 6 shows an example of an ideal layout. In this example, a crystal with a metal shielding is used. These types of crystals generally have four pads. The two ground pads of the crystal must be connected to the board's ground plane properly. The connection between the crystal and the pin XTO must be kept short. If the clock signal generated by the transmitter is needed for the microprocessor, the trace between the pin CLK and the microprocessor pin must be as short as possible. The layout in Figure 2-6 uses a discrete element as RF choke instead of the printed inductor as found on the demo board. The discrete inductor needs less space than the printed one. Notes: 1. L1 is the RF choke 2. Cd1 is the decoupling capacitor near the battery 3. Cd2 is the decoupling capacitor for the transmitter's power supply 4. Cd3 is the capacitor to bypass the high-frequency coupling from the power amplifier output into the transmitter's power supply. This capacitor must be placed near to the RF choke. In a practical application, there are different supply voltages on the board, for example for the microprocessor and for the transmitter. The different traces from the battery must be separated and decoupled to the ground. 2.3 The Setting of the Transmitter Figure 2-7 shows the typical applications for the transmitters in ASK or FSK mode. Figure 2-7. Typical Application Schematic VS VS C2 C1 C1 RF Choke RF Choke XTAL ANT1 XTAL VS ANT2 VS ANT2 GND PA_EN GND PA_EN EN CLK EN CLK ATARx9x ATARx9x BPXY OSC1 BPXY OSC1 BPXY VS ANT1 VSS BPXY VDD BPXY S2 S1 a) ASK mode VS B42/ T20 BPXY VSS BPXY VDD BPXY S2 S1 b) FSK mode If ENABLE = Low and PA_ENABLE = Low, the circuit is in standby mode. To start the crystal oscillator (XTO), the pin ENABLE must be switched on. At the same time the Phase Locked Loop (PLL) and the Clock Driver are active. To activate the power amplifier, the pin PA_ENABLE must be set to high. After switching the pin ENABLE on, both the XTO circuit and the PLL need a maximum of 1 ms to reach a stable condition. Therefore, the application software has to wait at least 1 ms before switching the power amplifier on. 7 9115A-INDCO-01/08 2.3.1 ASK (OOK) Transmission The load capacitor of the crystal (C1 in Figure 2-7a) is used to adjust the desired RF transmit frequency. For ASK modulation, the PA_ENABLE will be switched alternating between high and low voltage due to the data to be transmitted. This results in the switching on and off of the power amplifier, which is known as OOK (On Off Keying). 2.3.2 FSK Transmission The crystal pulling method is used for the FSK modulation (seeFigure 2-7b). An additional capacitor C2 will be used to modulate the crystal resonance frequency due to the data to be transmitted. For this purpose the capacitor C2 will be connected to the capacitor C1 related to the data. In practical terms this is a connection between capacitor C2 and the open drain port of a microprocessor. In the event of modulation, the microprocessor switches the capacitor C2 alternately between high impedance condition and ground. This method pulls the crystal's series resonance frequency between two values, which results in the RF operating frequency. 2.4 Crystal Oscillator The crystal oscillator uses the crystal's series resonance frequency to generate the reference frequency. The series connection of the crystal and the load capacitor results in an impedance ZXTAL seen from the pin XTAL (pin 5). According to the crystal's specification, the crystal will oscillate on the loaded resonance frequency f L, in which the impedance ZXTAL is real. This means the imaginer part of the impedance Im{ZXTAL} is 0. The impedance ZXTO is the large signal input impedance of the XTO seen into the pin XTAL (pin 5) in steady state oscillation. For the oscillation start-up, the following conditions must be fulfilled (see Figure 2-8). Im{ZXTO + ZXTAL} = 0 Equation 13 Re{ZXTO + ZXTAL} < 0 Equation 14 Figure 2-8. Condition for Oscillation Start Up VS ZXTAL CL XTAL ZXTO XTAL To achieve the condition described by equation 13 at the specified loaded crystal frequency, the capacitance CL can be determined as: 1 C L = -----------------------------------2f L lm {Z XTAL } Equation 15 With lm{ZXTAL} = -lm{ZXTO} 8 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 In real applications, there are stray capacitances on the board have to be taken into account when determining the load capacitance. If FSK modulation is used, the crystal-loaded resonance frequency is pulled by two different capacitance values (CL1 and CL2) due to the data. Figure 2-9 shows the principle circuit for FSK modulation. The frequency deviation can be estimated using formula 16. Figure 2-9. Circuitry for FSK Modulation VS ZXTAL CL1 CL2 XTAL ZXTO XTAL C1 C2 Cswitch 2f lm {Z XTAL } = -lm {Z XTO }- ---------------f L C M Notes: Equation 16 1. f is the frequency deviation in ppm 2. CM is the motional capacitance of the crystal. When determining C1 and C2, Cswitch of the microprocessor's pin must be considered. If the switch is open, the Cswitch must be taken into account in the calculation of the series resonance resistance Re{ZXTAL}. If the switch is closed, the on resistance of the modulating port of the microprocessor must be taken into account. Caution: the formulas provide a theoretical start value for tuning of the real values on the application board. 9 9115A-INDCO-01/08 3. The Demo Board 3.1 3.1.1 Peripheral Interfaces Clock Output The transmitter provides a clock signal with a crystal accuracy, which can be used as reference for an external microprocessor. The frequency of the clock signal is: f XTO f CLK = ---------256 Equation 17 The clock output signal is CMOS-compatible if the load capacitance on the pin CLK (pin 1) is lower than 10 pF. Hence, the trace connecting the pin CLK and the microprocessor port must be as short as possible. Atmel's microprocessors M44C090, M44C890, and T48C893 have a special feature to take over an external clock signal. In real applications with the Atmel's transmitters, the microprocessor starts with a RC oscillator to switch the transmitter. After the clock signal has stabilized, the microprocessor takes over the clock signal as reference. The demo board ATAB8401, ATAB8402, and ATAB8403 use Atmel's microprocessor T48C893 3.1.2 Port Configuration of the Microprocessor The transmitter pins EN and PA_EN must be connected to the CMOS-compatible output stage. To ensure that the transmitter is in power-down mode during the microprocessor reset, a pull-down resistor must be applied. For the switches on the demo board, a pull-up resistor is needed. With FSK modulation, the modulating port of the microprocessor must be properly defined. The on resistance of the port must be very small so that the maximum series resonance of the crystal circuit does not exceed the defined value. Either a pull-up or pull-down resistor is needed for this port. The port must be set in an open-drain high-current configuration. Table 3-1. 10 Port Configuration of T48C893 on the Demo Board Port Function Output Driver Pull-up/Pull-down Resistor BP20/NTE Programming CMOS Pull-down BP21 Pin EN of the transmitter CMOS Pull-down BP23 LED D1 CMOS Pull-down BP40/SC/INT3 Switch S3/programming CMOS Pull-up BP42/T2O FSK modulation switch/ programming Open drain None BP43/SD/INT3 Programming CMOS Pull-down BP50/INT6 Switch S2 CMOS Pull-up BP53/INT1 Switch S1 CMOS Pull-up BP60/T3O Pin PA_EN of the transmitter CMOS Pull-down ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 3.2 DC Feed Inductor for the Power Amplifier Atmel's demo boards use a printed inductor on PCB (L1) to reduce the cost of the external components. This inductor provides a DC current for the open collector stage of the power amplifier. The value of L1 must be between 50 nH to 100 nH. Formula 18 gives approximation of the inductance for a printed inductor (see Figure 3-1). L = 49.2 x n2 x rm Notes: Equation 18 1. L is in nH 2. N is number of turns 3. Rm is mean radius in cm Figure 3-1. Printed Inductor rm A printed inductor on PCB can be expressed as a parallel circuit of inductor, capacitor, and resistor. The printed inductor of the transmitter's demo board can be estimated as 90 nH || 0.3 pF || 2.8 k. 11 9115A-INDCO-01/08 3.3 Schematic of the Demo Board Figure 3-2. The Schematic of the Demo Board Loop Antenna w = 1.5 mm VS C4 Q1 5 C1 VS C2 BA2032SM 8 ANT2 GND PA_EN EN C10 3 2 BR3 C5 BR4 C7 CLK C6 BR2 1 C9 U2 T48C893N C8 4 6 7 8 S3 9 1 2 3 4 10 BP52/INT1 BP41/T2I/VMI BP51/INT6 BP23 BP53/INT6 BP22 OSC1 BP21 OSC2 BP20/NTE BP63/T3I/INT5 BP50/T3O BP13 BP10 B8 3 5 BP42/T2O B7 2 BP53/INT1 A8 1 BP43/SD/INT3 BP40/SC/INT3 B6 4 S2 VSS A7 3 VDD B5 2 A6 1 B4 4 A5 3 B3 2 A4 1 B2 S1 A3 2 7 VCC BR1 L2 4 B1 - C3 ANT1 A2 1 6 VS XTAL A1 + L2 Printed Coil U1 T5750 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 R1 D1 13 12 11 X1 VS The demo board is designed for three different transmitters, T5750, T5753, T5754, ATA8401, ATA8402, and ATA8403. The smaller loop antenna is designed for radiating 868 MHz and 915 MHz Frequency. 12 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 3.4 Demo Board's Layout Figure 3-3. Top Layer of the Demo Board Figure 3-4. Bottom Layer of the Demo Board 13 9115A-INDCO-01/08 3.5 BOM List Table 3-2. Bill of Materials of the Demo Board 1 915 Mhz U1 868.3 MHz pcs 433.92 Mhz Components 315 Mhz Components List Transmitter Application Board ATAB8401 (315 MHz)/ATAB8402 (433.92 MHz)/ATAB8403-8 (868.3 MHz)/ATAB8403-9 (915 MHz) X U2 1 X 1 X Size 0603 muRata(R) X GRM1885C1H4R7B GRM1885C1H6R8B GRM1885C1H8R2B GRM1885C1H120J GRM1885C1H6R8B GRM1885C1H4R7B muRata X 5% 0.1 pF 0.1 pF Size 0603 X 12 pF/50V 6.8 pF/50V 4.7 pF/50V X X 68 nF/25V 10% GRM21BR71E683K Size 0805 muRata 5% 0.1 pF 0.1 pF GRM1885C1H150J GRM1885C1H6R8B GRM1885C1H1R5B Size 0603 muRata X 15 pF/50V 6.8 pF/50V 1.5 pF/50V 0.1 pF 0.1 pF 0.1 pF 0.1 pF GRM1885C1H8R2B GRM1885C1H3R9B GRM1885C1H1R2B GRM1885C1H1R0B Size 0603 muRata X 8.2 pF/50V 3.9 pF/50V 1.2 pF/50V 1.0 pF/50V 5% 0.1 pF 0.1 pF 0.1 pF GRM1885C1H150J GRM1885C1H6R8B GRM1885C1H1R5B GRM1885C1H1R0B Size 0603 muRata X 15 pF/50V 6.8 pF/50V 1.5 pF/50V 1.0 pF/50V X 100 nF/25V 10% GRM21BR71E104K Size 0805 muRata 1 nF/50V 10% GRM188R71H102K Size 0603 muRata n.m. 0.3 pF 0.5 pF 0.05 pF 0.05 pF 04023j0R3ABW 04023j0R5ABW Size 0402 Size 0402 AVX(R) AVX LL1608-FS LL1608-FS Size 0603 Size 0603 TOKO(R) TOKO Size 0603 e.g. Vishay(R) n.m. X 1 X X X C6 X 1 X X C7 1 C8 1 C9 1 C10 1 X X X X X X X X X X X L2 14 ACAL 0.1 pF 0.1 pF 0.1 pF C4 C5 HC-49/U4B 4.7 pF/50V 6.8 pF/50V 8.2 pF/50V X X Order No.: 4730007881 Order No.: 4730007882 Order No.: 4730007557 Order No.: 4730007559 X X C3 Atmel 9.843750 MHz 13.560000 MHz 13.567187 MHz 14.296875 MHz X 1 SSO20 T48C893N X C2 Atmel X X 1 TSSOP8 X X C1 Manufacturer/ Distributor X X 1 Housing Material/Series X X Q1 Tolerance ATAB8401 ATAB8402 ATAB8403 X X Value X 1.8 nH 33 nH 18 0 bridge X 1 X R1 1 X X X X 1 k/0.1W X X SMD LED red 5% D1 1 X X P-LCC-2 Vishay BR1 1 X X 0 bridge TLMK3100 Size 0603 e.g. Vishay BR2 1 X X 0 bridge Size 0603 e.g. Vishay ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 Table 3-2. Bill of Materials of the Demo Board (Continued) pcs 915 Mhz BR3 1 X X BR4 1 X S1, S2, S3 3 X X VBatt1 1 X Lithium cell 1 PCB jack PCB 315 Mhz Components 868.3 MHz 433.92 Mhz Components List Transmitter Application Board ATAB8401 (315 MHz)/ATAB8402 (433.92 MHz)/ATAB8403-8 (868.3 MHz)/ATAB8403-9 (915 MHz) Housing Manufacturer/ Distributor 0 bridge Size 0603 e.g. Vishay X 0 bridge Size 0603 e.g. Vishay X X SMD switch KSC 241J ITT Cannon(R)/ Spoerle Electronic X X X Battery holder BA2032SM Romann Electronic X X X X 3V/220 mAh CR2032 e.g. SONY(R)/ Romann Electronic 1 X X X X 8 pins MKFL13478-6-0808 Stocko(R)/ Hoppe Electronic 1 X X X X T5750/53/54 V4.0 FR4 Value Tolerance Material/Series Thickness 1.2 mm 15 9115A-INDCO-01/08 4. Operating of Transmitter Demo board with RF Design Kit Transmitter demo boards ATAB8401/02/03 show the feature ISP (in system programmable) and can be used as an example of a stand-alone RF remote control transmitter that offers ASK and FSK modulation. To evaluate the transmitter, Atmel offers a microprocessor board ATAB-RFMB (ATAB-STKFLamingo) to configure the IC as well as the evaluation software RF Design Kit. This section provides some important information needed to start the evaluation with the microcontroller board. For the complete description of both RF Design Kit and ATAB-RFMB (ATAB-STKFlamingo), please refer to the application notes "ATAK57xx and ATAK862xx hardware description" and "ATAK57xx, ATAK57xx-F, ATAK862xx and ATAK862xx-F software description". Technical features: * Power supply: 3V Lithium cell (e.g. CR2032) * Frequency deviation: approximately. 30 kHz * Printed loop antenna * Three programmable buttons * No hardware changing is necessary for the verification of two different modulation schemes. * In-system configuration of the software setting to the EEPROM of the microcontroller T48C893N is possible using the programming adapter JP1 * The transmitter demo board is tested under the ETSI as well as FCC regulation. The test results show that the transmitter can be applied in real applications and pass the type approval Configuration of the transmitter: * Connect the microcontroller board (ATAB-RFMB or ATAB-STKFlamingo) to a PC using a serial link cable (RS232). Please use the free serial port (Com1 or Com2). * Switch on the 12V power supply of the microcontroller board * Start the RF Design Kit software (see Figure 4-1 on page 17) * Select the transmitter drop-down menu to choose the setting of a transmitter. The setting software for T5750/53/54 is the same as for verification with ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403. (Figure 4-2 on page 17) - Choose T5753 (315 MHz) for configuration of ATAB8401 - Choose T5754 (315 MHz) for configuration of ATAB8402 - Choose T5750 (868 MHz) for configuration of ATAB8403-8 - Choose T5750 (915 MHz) for configuration of ATAB8403-9 * Remove the lithium cell battery from the holder * Plug the transmitter into the adapter PCB of the microcontroller board 16 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 Figure 4-1. Windows(R) Interface of RF Design Kit Figure 4-2. Selecting the Setting of a Transmitter (Setting for ATAB5750-8 and ATAB8403-8) 17 9115A-INDCO-01/08 * Set the desired transmitter's setting (see Figure 4-2 on page 17) * Please follow the instructions below "Getting started evaluating the transmitter board" Figure 4-3. Several Setting Menu to Configure the Transmitter Getting started evaluating the transmitter board: * Insert the lithium cell battery into the holder. * Activate the transmitter by the pushing the S1 or S2 button (without programming the transmitter board, the default setting will be activated) * Activate one of the three buttons for the required function. * The "continuous" transmission setting, the board will send the signal approximately 30s long. * The start of each function and the end of the continuous function will be indicated by LED D1 switched on. 18 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 9115A-INDCO-01/08 ATA8401/ATA8402/ATA8403 Default configuration: * Modulation: FSK * Data Rate: 1 kBps * Test word: F09AF09A * Button functions: - S1 continuous telegram - S2 single telegram - S3 continuous preburst * Preburst length is set to the value matching the Polling setting of the suitable receiver. Reference: Constantine Balanis, Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1997 Frederick Grover, Inductance Calculations Working Formulas and Tables, Dover Publications, 1946. 19 9115A-INDCO-01/08 Headquarters International Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131 USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Atmel Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 Atmel Europe Le Krebs 8, Rue Jean-Pierre Timbaud BP 309 78054 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines Cedex France Tel: (33) 1-30-60-70-00 Fax: (33) 1-30-60-71-11 Atmel Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Technical Support industrial@atmel.com Sales Contact www.atmel.com/contacts Product Contact Web Site www.atmel.com Literature Requests www.atmel.com/literature Disclaimer: The information in this document is provided in connection with Atmel products. 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