Abbreviations
CPP = Customized Power Plug
DT = Desktop
E2MS = Engineering & Electronic Manufacturing Services
GPP = Global Power Plug
LED = Light Emitting Diode
LT = LED Driver
MPP = Multi Power Plug
OF = Open frame
PP = Power Plug
SMT = Surface Mount Technology
UP = In-wall
USB = Universal Serial Bus
Cell chemistries
Li-Ion = Lithium Ion
LiFePO
4
= Lithium Iron Phosphate
NiCd = Nickel Cadmium
NiMH = Nickel Metal Hydride
Pb = Lead Acid
Ambient temperature
Temperature of inactive air which surrounds the power supply.
It is usually measured approx. 10 mm apart from the running
power supply.
Class B
Protection against electric shock in due consideration of the
leakage current.
Class BF
Like B, but taking into account the so-called „F parts“ which
may accidentally come into contact with the patient and
which are isolated from other parts.
Class CF
Class with the highest protection.
Current limited
Electronic overload protection which limits the maximum
output current to a preset value.
Efficiency
Efciency is calculated as the ratio of output to input power
and is always smaller than 1.
To reduce the power loss under
the given load prerequisites, the maximum efciency ratio is
aspired. For a power supply it is measured at full load and at
nominal input. The difference between input and output is
transposed into heat, hence each increase of the efciency ratio
means less thermal stress on the components and there fore a
life-cycle increase. Even a minor improvement of the efciency
ratio can have a dramatic impact on the life-cycle.
EMC
The ability of electrical equipment to function satisfactorily
in its electromagnetic environment without negative inter-
ferences. Power supplies should meet at least two generic
standards for EMC:
1. standard for transient emissions (grid-bound interferences
emitted by the power supply) and
2. standard for interference immunity (protection against
external interferences)
These generic standards comprise a multitude of sub-stan-
dards that dene threshold values for subdomains (for examp-
le certain types of interferences). FRIWO power supplies meet
these standards to a higher degree than required to make the
most of EMC, and to safeguard a trouble-free service.
Life-cycle
Life-cycle of a power supply. After the end of life power
supplies are likely to break down because of worn compo-
nents.
NTC
A temperature-sensitive resistor with negative coefcient
which reduces the resistance as temperature increases. It is
therefore also called thermistor. It serves not only the tempe-
rature monitoring but also limits the inrush current of power
supplies.
Operating temperature
Temperature of still air surrounding the device. It is usually
measured approx. 10 mm next to the operated device.
Overvoltage resistance
A circuitry within the power supplies monitors the output. If
a preset threshold value is exceeded, the power supply will be
turned off.
Short circuit proof
Short circuit proof means that a temporary short circuit can be
absorbed without damage.
Single range
Power supplies with single input voltage for the use in the
respective countries.
SMT
SMT is a surface mount technology which allows surface
mountable components with solderable pads (without wire
connectors) to be soldered directly onto a PCB.
Standby losses
Power consumption of a power supply during idle service.
Storage temperature
Temperature range in which a device may be stored (not
operated) without being damaged.
Sustained short circuit proof
A short circuit might occur without damaging the output. As
soon as the problem is solved, the output will return to normal
service.
THT
Stands for „through-hole technology“. Wired components are
connected to the PCB by vias and connected by a special THT
soldering process.
Voltage controlled
A control loop in the power supply stabilizes the output volta-
ge, independent of all factors (e.g. temperature).
Wide range
Power supplies with wide range input can be operated at
different nominal voltages without having to be adjusted
(manually or automatically).
Standards Office / IT Medical Tools, chargers, toys,
household appliances
EMC Surge Burst
EU EN60950-1 EN60601-1 EN60335-1 EN61000 / EN55014 EN61000-4-4 EN61000-4-5
USA UL60950-1 UL60601-1 UL 1310 / E60335 / UL 697 FCC 47 part 15 / EN61000 EN61000-4-4 EN61000-4-5
Canada C22.2 No. 60950-1 C22.2 No. 60601.1-M90 C22.2 No.223-M91
C22.2 No.173-M1983 (Toys) FCC 47 part 15 / EN61000 EN61000-4-4 EN61000-4-5
China GB4943 GB9706.1 GB4706 GB4343.1 GB / T17626.4 GB / T17626.5
Glossary
Battery type Lead Acid NiCd NiMH Li-Ion LiFePO4
cobalt
Cell voltage 2.0 V 1.2 V 1.2 V 3.6 resp. 3.7 V 3.3 V
Energy density [Wh / kg] 30 – 50 45 – 80 60 – 120 110 – 190 110 – 120 90 – 130
Self-discharge ratio per month 5 % 20 % 30 % 2 – 5 % 2 – 5 %
Overload tolerance high moderate low very low very low
Charging cycles 200 – 400 1500 300 – 500 300 – 500 1000 – 2000
Charging method U = const. I = const. I = const. 300 – 500 U = const.
Charging characteristic IU0U, IUIa I0I I0I IUa IUa
Phase 1:
constant current
Charging criteria:
-dV, dT / dt, dU / dt, Tmax
Phase 1:
constant current
Phase 1:
constant current
Phase 2:
constant voltage
Identification and control
via microcontroller
Phase 2:
constant voltage
± 1 % tolerance
Phase 2:
constant voltage
± 1 % tolerance
Phase 3:
trickle charge
manganese
4444 4545