LT8494 SEPIC/Boost DC/DC Converter with 2A, 70V Switch, and 7A Quiescent Current FEATURES DESCRIPTION Low Ripple Burst Mode(R) Operation: nn 7A I at 12V to 5V Q IN OUT nn Output Ripple (<10mV Typ.) nn Dual Supply Pins: nn Improves Efficiency nn Reduces Minimum Supply Voltage to ~1V After nn Start-Up to Extend Battery Life nn Wide Input Voltage Range of ~1V to 60V (2.5V to 32V for Start-Up) nn PG Functional for Input Supply Down to 1.3V nn FMEA Fault Tolerant in TSSOP Package nn Fixed Frequency PWM, SEPIC/BOOST/FLYBACK Topologies nn NPN Power Switch: 2A/70V nn Programmable Switching Frequency: 250kHz to 1.5MHz nn UVLO Programmable on SWEN Pin nn Soft-Start Programmable with One Capacitor nn Small 20-Lead QFN or 20-Lead TSSOP Packages The LT(R)8494 is an adjustable frequency (250kHz to 1.5MHz) monolithic switching regulator. Quiescent current can be less than 7A when operating and is ~0.3A when SWEN is low. The LT8494 can be configured as either a SEPIC, boost or flyback converter. nn The low ripple Burst Mode operation maintains high efficiency at low output current while keeping output ripple below 10mV. Dual supply pins (VIN and BIAS) allow the part to automatically operate from the most efficient supply. Input supply voltage can be up to 60V for SEPIC topologies and up to 32V (with ride-through up to 60V) for boost and flyback topologies. After start-up, battery life is extended since the part can draw current from its output (BIAS) even when VIN voltage drops below 2.5V. Using a resistor divider on the SWEN pin provides a programmable undervoltage lockout (UVLO) for the converter. A power good flag signals when VOUT reaches 92% of the programmed output voltage. APPLICATIONS Additional features such as frequency foldback and softstart are integrated. The LT8494 is available in 20-lead QFN and 20-lead TSSOP packages with exposed pads for low thermal resistance. Fault tolerance in the TSSOP allows for adjacent pin shorts or an open without raising the output voltage above its programmed value. Automotive ECU Power Power for Portable Products nn Industrial Supplies nn nn L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology, Burst Mode and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. TYPICAL APPLICATION 450kHz, 5V Output SEPIC Converter VOUT 5V 0.35A (VIN = 3V) 0.6A (VIN = 5V) 1.0A (VIN > 12V) 15H 4.7F VIN SW BIAS SWEN LT8494 PG RT SS GND FB 169k 1F Efficiency 1M 316k 4.7pF 47F x2 8494 TA01a 90 85 VIN = 24V 80 VIN = 12V 15 EFFICIENCY (%) * SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 15H * VIN 3V TO 60V No-Load Supply Current 20 2.2F 10 VIN = 5V 75 70 5 65 0 0 12 24 36 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 48 60 8494 TA01b 60 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 LOAD CURRENT (A) 0.8 1.0 8494 TA01c 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 1 LT8494 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1) VIN, BIAS Voltage.......................................................60V SWEN Voltage............................................................60V FB Voltage..................................................................60V SW Voltage................................................................70V PG Voltage...................................................................6V RT Voltage...................................................................6V SS Voltage...................................................................3V Operating Junction Temperature Range LT8494E, LT8494I (Notes 2, 3)........... -40C to 125C LT8494H (Notes 2, 3)......................... -40C to 150C Storage Temperature Range............... -65C to 150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) FE Package........................................................ 300C PIN CONFIGURATION TOP VIEW 19 NC FB 3 18 VIN NC 4 17 NC NC 5 NC 6 PG 7 14 GND SS 8 13 NC NC 9 12 SWEN FB 20 SW 2 NC 1 FB NC BIAS 20 19 18 17 16 PG BIAS TOP VIEW SS 1 15 GND RT 2 14 GND 21 GND GND 3 GND 4 13 GND 12 SW NC 5 8 NC NC 9 10 VIN 7 GND 6 SWEN 11 GND RT 10 UF PACKAGE 20-LEAD (4mm x 4mm) PLASTIC QFN JA = 47C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 21) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB ORDER INFORMATION 21 GND 16 GND 15 NC 11 NC FE PACKAGE 20-LEAD PLASTIC TSSOP JA = 38C/W EXPOSED PAD (PIN 21) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB http://www.linear.com/product/LT8494#orderinfo LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE LT8494EUF#PBF LT8494EUF#TRPBF 8494 20-Lead (4mm x 4mm) Plastic QFN -40C to 125C LT8494IUF#PBF LT8494IUF#TRPBF 8494 20-Lead (4mm x 4mm) Plastic QFN -40C to 125C LT8494EFE#PBF LT8494EFE#TRPBF LT8494FE 20-Lead Plastic TSSOP -40C to 125C LT8494IFE#PBF LT8494IFE#TRPBF LT8494FE 20-Lead Plastic TSSOP -40C to 125C LT8494HFE#PBF LT8494HFE#TRPBF LT8494FE 20-Lead Plastic TSSOP -40C to 150C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/. Some packages are available in 500 unit reels through designated sales channels with #TRMPBF suffix. 2 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25C. VIN = VSWEN = 12V, VBIAS = 5V, unless otherwise noted (Note 2). PARAMETER CONDITIONS TYP MAX Minimum VIN Operating Voltages VBIAS < 2.5V VBIAS 2.5V l l MIN 2.4 2.5 0 V V Minimum BIAS Operating Voltages VIN < 2.5V VIN 2.5V l l 2.4 2.5 0 V V Power Switch Driver (PSD) Overvoltage Threshold (Note 4) VIN or BIAS Rising VIN or BIAS Falling l l 34 33.9 36.5 36.4 V V 32.1 32 Power Switch Driver (PSD) Overvoltage Threshold Hysteresis (Note 4) Quiescent Current from VIN Quiescent Current from BIAS BIAS to VIN Comparator Threshold 100 VSWEN = 0V VSWEN = 5V, VFB = 1.25V VSWEN = 5V, VFB = 1.25V (LT8494E, LT8494I) VSWEN = 5V, VFB = 1.25V (LT8494H) UNITS mV l l 0.3 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.9 4.8 6.2 8.0 A A A A VSWEN = 0V VSWEN = 5V, VFB = 1.25V VSWEN = 5V, VFB = 1.25V (LT8494E, LT8494I) VSWEN = 5V, VFB = 1.25V (LT8494H) l l 0.07 1.7 1.7 1.7 0.5 2.8 3.5 10 A A A A VBIAS-VIN, VBIAS Rising, VIN = 12V VBIAS-VIN, VBIAS Falling, VIN = 12V Hysteresis (Rising-Falling Threshold) l l l 0.55 0.17 0.20 0.9 0.37 0.53 1.2 0.57 0.8 V V V l 1.178 Feedback Voltage 1.202 1.230 V FB Pin Bias Current (Note 7) VFB = 1.202V 0.1 20 nA FB Voltage Line Regulation 5V VIN 32V, BIAS = 5V 5V VIN 32V, BIAS = 0V 0.2 0.2 10 10 m%/V m%/V Minimum Switch Off-Time 70 Minimum Switch On-Time ns 95 RT = 68.1k RT = 324k ns l l 0.92 219 1.0 250 1.06 280 MHz kHz Switch Current Limit at Minimum Duty Cycle (Note 5) l 2.1 2.55 2.95 A Switch Current Limit at Maximum Duty Cycle (Note 6) l 1.3 1.85 2.4 A Switching Frequency Switch VCESAT ISW = 1.2A 340 Switch Leakage Current (Note 7) VSW = 12V, VSWEN = 0V 0.01 1 A 8.2 12.2 A 0 35 240 25 200 550 nA nA nA 1 1.1 V Soft-Start Charging Current (Note 7) VSS = 100mV SWEN Pin Current (Note 7) VSWEN = 1.2V VSWEN = 5V VSWEN = 12V SWEN Rising Voltage Threshold l 5.2 l 0.9 l l 86 82 SWEN Voltage Hysteresis PG Threshold as % of VFB Regulation Voltage mV 30 VFB Rising VFB Falling PG Hysteresis 92 88 mV 97 93 46 % % mV PG Output Voltage Low ISINK = 1.25mA ISINK = 100A, VBIAS = 0V, VIN = 1.3V ISINK = 100A, VBIAS = 1.3V, VIN = 0V l l l 33 15 15 150 150 150 mV mV mV PG Leakage Current VPG = 5V (LT8494E, LT8494I) VPG = 5V (LT8494H) l l 0 0 0.3 1.0 A A 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 3 LT8494 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Note 1:Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Voltages are with respect to GND pin unless otherwise noted. Note 2: The LT8494E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from 0C to 125C junction temperature. Specifications over the -40C to 125C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The LT8494I is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from -40C to 125C junction temperature. The LT8494H is guaranteed over the full -40C to 150C operating junction temperature range. Operation lifetime is derated at junction temperatures greater than 125C. Note 3:This IC includes overtemperature protection that is intended to protect the device during momentary overload conditions. Junction temperature will exceed the maximum operating range when overtemperature protection is active. Continuous operation above the specified maximum operating junction temperature may impair device reliability. Note 4:See Power Supplies and Operating Limits in the Applications Information section for more details. Note 5:Current limit guaranteed by design and/or correlation to static test. Slope Compensation reduces current limit at higher duty cycles. Note 6:Max duty cycle current limit measured at 1MHz switching frequency. Note 7:Polarity specification for all currents into pins is positive. All voltages are referenced to GND unless otherwise specified. TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS No-Load Supply Current FRONT PAGE APPLICATION VIN=12V FRONT PAGE APPLICATION 0.10 2.0 60 40 20 TYPICAL 1.5 1.0 MINIMUM 0.5 0 -50 -10 30 70 110 TEMPERATURE (C) 150 0.0 8494 G04 Switching Waveforms, Burst Mode Operation 0.05 0.00 -0.05 VSW 10V/DIV IL 0.5A/DIV IL 0.5A/DIV VOUT 5mV/DIV VOUT 5mV/DIV 0 12 24 36 VIN (V) 48 60 -0.15 0 200 400 600 800 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1000 8495 G18 8494 G05 Transient Load Response, Load Current is Stepped from 20mA (Burst Mode Operation) to 220mA VOUT 100mV/DIV IL 0.5A/DIV 10s/DIV 1s/DIV FRONT PAGE APPLICATION VIN = 12V VOUT = 5V ILOAD = 20mA FRONT PAGE APPLICATION VIN = 12V VOUT = 5V ILOAD = 0.5A 8494 G16 VIN=12V FRONT PAGE APPLICATION REFERENCED TO VOUT AT 100mA LOAD -0.10 Switching Waveforms, Full Frequency Continuous Operation VSW 10V/DIV 4 Load Regulation 0.15 LOAD REGULATION (%) SUPPLY CURRENT (A) 80 Maximum Load Current 2.5 LOAD CURRENT (A) 100 TA = 25C unless otherwise specified. 500s/DIV 8494 G18 FRONT PAGE APPLICATION VIN = 12V VOUT = 5V 8494 G17 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Transient Load Response, Load Current is Stepped from 300mA to 500mA Switch Current Limit at Minimum Duty Cycle 500s/DIV 8494 G19 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A) IL 0.5A/DIV SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A) Switch Current Limit at 500kHz VOUT 50mV/DIV FRONT PAGE APPLICATION VIN = 12V VOUT = 5V TA = 25C unless otherwise specified. 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 DUTY CYCLE (%) 80 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -50 90 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (C) 8494 G06 Feedback Voltage Switch VCESAT FB VOLTAGE (V) SWITCH VCESAT (mV) 1.22 400 300 200 1.21 1.20 0.5 RT = 324k 0 1.0 0.5 1.5 SWITCH CURRENT (A) 1.18 -50 2.0 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (C) 8494 G08 0.0 -50 150 Frequency Foldback Minimum Switch On-Time Minimum Switch Off-Time 400 RT = 324k 200 160 SWITCH OFF-TIME (ns) SWITCH ON-TIME (ns) 600 100 80 60 40 20 0 0.2 0.5 0.7 FB VOLTAGE (V) 1.0 1.2 8494 G12 0 -50 150 180 120 RT = 68.1k 800 100 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 8494 G11 140 1000 0 8494 G09 1200 SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) RT = 68.1k 1.0 1.19 100 0 Oscillator Frequency 1.5 1.23 500 0 8494 G07 FREQUENCY (MHz) 600 150 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 100 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 150 8494 G13 0 -50 0 100 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 150 8494 G14 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 5 LT8494 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Overvoltage Lockout TA = 25C unless otherwise specified. Internal UVLO 35.5 PG Pin Current vs Supply Voltage 2.50 20 PG = 0.4V VIN OR BIAS RISING 34.5 34.0 VIN OR BIAS FALLING 33.5 16 2.45 PG PIN CURRENT (mA) 35.0 VIN/BIAS VOLTAGE (V) VIN OR BIAS VOLTAGE (V) 18 VIN/BIAS RISING 2.40 VIN/BIAS FALLING 2.35 VIN = BIAS = SWEN 14 12 10 8 VIN = BIAS, SWEN = 0 6 4 2 33.0 -50 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (C) 2.30 -50 150 0 50 100 TEMPERATURE (C) 8494 G15 1000 200 150 100 4 5 8494 G22 10k PULL-UP FROM VIN TO PG PG OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 250 2 3 VIN VOLTAGE (V) 3 100 FB PIN CURRENT (A) SWEN PIN CURRENT (nA) 350 300 1 PG Output Voltage vs Supply Voltage FB Pin Current 400 10 1 0.1 2 1 0.01 50 0 10 20 30 40 50 SWEN PIN VOLTAGE (V) 60 0.001 0 10 8494 G23 20 30 40 FB VOLTAGE (V) 50 QUIESCENT CURRENT (A) CURRENT INTO PIN (nA) 5 40 IFB 0 -50 ISWEN 0 0 1 2 VIN/BIAS VOLTAGE (V) 3 8494 G25 Quiescent Current VIN = 1.25V VSWEN = 1.2V 20 0 60 8494 G24 Pin Current 60 100 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 150 VIN = 12V VBIAS = VSWEN = 5V VFB = 1.25V 4 CURRENT INTO VIN 3 2 CURRENT INTO BIAS 1 0 -50 8494 G26 6 0 8494 G20 SWEN Pin Current 0 0 150 0 100 50 TEMPERATURE (C) 150 8494 G27 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 PIN FUNCTIONS (QFN/TSSOP) SS (Pin 1/Pin 8):Soft-Start Pin. Place a soft-start capacitor on this pin. Upon start-up, the SS pin will be charged by a (nominally) 256k resistor to about 2.1V. VIN (Pin 10/Pin 18):Supply Input Pin. This pin is typically connected to the input of the DC/DC converter. Must be locally bypassed. RT (Pin 2/Pin 10):Oscillator Frequency Set Pin. Place a resistor from this pin to ground to set the internal oscillator frequency. Minimize capacitance on this pin. See the Applications Information section for more details. SW (Pin 12/Pin 20): Switch Pin. This is the collector of the internal NPN power switch. Minimize trace area connected to this pin to minimize EMI. GND (Pins 3, 4, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, Exposed Pad 21/Pins 14, 16, Exposed Pad 21): Ground. Solder all pins and the exposed pad directly to the local ground plane. The exposed pad metal of the package provides both electrical contact to ground and good thermal contact to the printed circuit board. NC (Pins 5, 7, 8, 18, 19/4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19): NC pins are not connected to internal circuitry. Some NC pins in the TSSOP package must be left floating to ensure FMEA fault tolerance (see Applications Informations section for details). SWEN (Pin 6/Pin 12):Switch Enable Detect Pin. This pin enables/disables the switching regulator and soft-start. A resistor divider can be connected to SWEN to perform an undervoltage lockout function. BIAS (Pin 16/Pin 1): Supply Input Pin. This pin is typically connected to the output of the DC/DC converter in cases where VIN can be higher than VOUT. Must be locally bypassed. FB (Pin 17/Pin 2, 3): Output Voltage Feedback Pin. The LT8494 regulates the FB pin to 1.202V. Connect a resistor divider between the output, FB and GND to set the regulated output voltage. PG (Pin 20/Pin 7):The PG pin is the open-drain output of an internal comparator. PG remains low until the FB pin is above 92% of the regulation voltage, and there are no fault conditions. See the Applications Information section for more details. 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 7 LT8494 BLOCK DIAGRAM 2.1V SS 256k Q S SR2 R 100mV CHIP SHUTDOWN - + 1.202V FB 1.00V + - DIE TEMP 165C 34V + - + - VOLTAGE REFS ILIMIT VC_LIMITER - +A1 FREQUENCY FOLDBACK 2.15V 1.10V 1.00V OTHERS Burst Mode DETECT VC 34V - + + - 2.4V - +A3 QUADRATIC RAMP GENERATOR 1.10V 2.4V SW R Q SR1 S POWER SWITCH DRIVER Q1 + - ADJUSTABLE OSCILLATOR - + BIAS LOW POWER MODE A2 RT VIN SUPPLY SELECT LOGIC DISABLE PSD SOFTSTART SWEN + - OVP GND PG PGOOD CHIP SHUTDOWN 8494 BD 8 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 OPERATION The LT8494 is a constant-frequency, current mode SEPIC/boost/flyback regulator. Operation can be best understood by referring to the Block Diagram. In the Block Diagram, the adjustable oscillator, with frequency set by the external RT resistor, enables an RS latch, turning on the internal power switch. An amplifier and comparator monitor the switch current flowing through an internal sense resistor, turning the switch off when this current reaches a level determined by the voltage at VC. An error amplifier adjusts the VC voltage by measuring the output voltage through an external resistor divider tied to the FB pin. If the error amplifier's output voltage (VC) increases, more current is delivered to the output; if the VC voltage decreases, less current is delivered. An active clamp on the VC voltage provides current limit. An internal regulator provides power to the control circuitry. In order to improve efficiency, the NPN power switch driver (see Block Diagram) supplies NPN base current from whichever of VIN and BIAS has the lower supply voltage. However, if either of them is below 2.4V or above 34V (typical values), the power switch draws current from the other pin. If both supply pins are below 2.4V or above 34V then switching activity is stopped. To further optimize efficiency, the LT8494 automatically enters Burst Mode operation in light load situations. Between bursts, all circuitry associated with controlling the output switch is shut down, reducing the VIN/BIAS pin supply currents to be less than 3A typically (see Electrical Characteristics). The LT8494 contains a power good comparator which trips when the FB pin is above 92% of its regulated value. The PG output is an open-drain transistor that is off when the output is in regulation, allowing an external resistor to pull the PG pin high (See Applications Information section for details). Several functions are provided to enable a very clean start-up for the LT8494. * First, the SWEN pin voltage is monitored by an internal voltage reference to give a precise turn-on threshold. An external resistor divider can be connected from the input power supply to the SWEN pin to provide a user-programmable undervoltage lockout function. * Second, the soft-start circuitry provides for a gradual ramp-up of the switch current. When the part is brought out of shutdown, the external SS capacitor is first discharged, and then an integrated 256k resistor pulls the SS pin up to ~2.1V. By connecting an external capacitor to the SS pin, the voltage ramp rate on the pin can be set. Typical values for the soft-start capacitor range from 100nF to 1F. * Finally, the frequency foldback circuit reduces the maximum switching frequency when the FB pin is below 1V. This feature reduces the minimum duty cycle that the part can achieve thus allowing better control of the switch current during start-up. 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 9 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Low Ripple Burst Mode Operation To enhance efficiency at light loads, the LT8494 regulator enters low ripple Burst Mode operation keeping the output capacitor charged to the proper voltage while minimizing the input quiescent current. During Burst Mode operation, the LT8494 regulator delivers single-cycle bursts of current to the output capacitor with each followed by a sleep period where the output power is delivered to the load by the output capacitor. The quiescent currents of VIN/BIAS are reduced to less than 3A typically during the sleep time (see Electrical Characteristics table). As the load current decreases towards a no-load condition, the frequency of single current pulses decreases (see Figure 1), therefore the percentage of time that the LT8494 operates in sleep mode increases, resulting in reduced average input current and thus high efficiency even at very low loads. By maximizing the time between pulses, the LT8494 quiescent current is minimized. Therefore, to optimize the quiescent current performance at light loads, the current in the feedback resistor divider and the reverse current in the external diode must be minimized, as these appear to the output as load currents. More specifically, during the sleep time, the boost converter has the reverse diode leakage current conducting from output to input, while the SEPIC converter has leakage current conducting from output to ground. Use the largest possible feedback SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) 500 FRONT PAGE APPLICATION 400 300 At higher output loads the LT8494 regulator runs at the frequency programmed by the RT resistor and operates as a standard current mode regulator. The transition between high current mode and low ripple Burst Mode operation is seamless, and will not disturb the output voltage. Setting the Output Voltage The output voltage is programmed with a resistor divider from output to the FB pin (R2) and from the FB pin to ground (R1). Choose the 1% resistors according to: V R2 = R1 OUT - 1 1.202 Note that choosing larger resistors decreases the quiescent current of the application circuits. In low load applications, choosing larger resistors is more critical since the part enters Burst Mode operation with lower quiescent current. In order to maintain loop stability and deliver adequate current to the load, the power NPN (Q1 in the Block Diagram) cannot remain on for 100% of each clock cycle. The maximum allowable duty cycle is given by: 100 1 10 100 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 1000 8494 F01 Figure 1. Switching Frequency in Burst Mode Operation 10 In Burst Mode operation, the burst frequency and the charge delivered with each pulse will not change with output capacitance. Therefore, the output voltage ripple will be inversely proportional to the output capacitance. In a typical application with a 47F output capacitor, the output ripple is about 10mV, and with two 47F output capacitors the output ripple is about 5mV (see Switching Waveforms, Burst Mode Operation in Typical Performance Characteristics section). The output voltage ripple can continue to be decreased by increasing the output capacitance. Power Switch Duty Cycle 200 0 0.1 resistors and a low leakage Schottky diode in applications with ultralow Q current. DCMAX = TP -Minimum Switch Off-Time *100% TP 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION where TP is the clock period and Minimum Switch OffTime (found in the Electrical Characteristics) is typically 70ns. Conversely, the power NPNs (Q1 in the Block Diagram) cannot remain off for 100% of each clock cycle, and will turn on for a minimum time (Minimum Switch On-Time) when in regulation. This Minimum Switch On-Time governs the minimum allowable duty cycle given by: Minimum Switch On-Time DCMIN = *100% TP where TP is the clock period and Minimum Switch On-Time (found in the Electrical Characteristics) is typically 95ns. The application should be designed such that the operating duty cycle (DC) is between DCMIN and DCMAX. Normally, DC rises with higher VOUT and lower VIN. Duty cycle equations for both boost and SEPIC topologies are given below, where VD is the diode forward voltage drop and VCESAT is typically 340mV at 1.2A. For the boost topology: DC VOUT - VIN + VD VOUT + VD - VCESAT For the SEPIC topology: DC VOUT + VD VIN + VOUT + VD - VCESAT The LT8494 can be used in configurations where the duty cycle is higher than DCMAX, but it must be operated in the discontinuous conduction mode or Burst Mode operation so that the effective duty cycle is reduced. Setting the Switching Frequency The LT8494 uses a constant frequency PWM architecture that can be programmed to switch from 250kHz to 1.5MHz by using a resistor tied from the RT pin to ground. Table 1 shows the necessary RT values for various switching frequencies. Table 1. Switching Frequency vs RT Value SWITCHING FREQUENCY (MHz) RT VALUE (k) 0.25 324 0.4 196 0.6 124 0.8 88.7 1.0 68.1 1.2 54.9 1.4 45.3 1.5 41.2 Inductor Selection General Guidelines: The high frequency operation of the LT8494 allows for the use of small surface mount inductors. For high efficiency, choose inductors with high frequency core material, such as ferrite, to reduce core losses. To improve efficiency, choose inductors with more volume for a given inductance. The inductor should have low DCR (copper wire resistance) to reduce I2R losses, and must be able to handle the peak inductor current without saturating. Note that in some applications, the current handling requirements of the inductor can be lower, such as in the SEPIC topology when using uncoupled inductors, where each inductor only carries a fraction of the total switch current. Molded chokes or chip inductors usually do not have enough core area to support peak inductor currents in the 2A to 3A range. To minimize radiated noise, use a toroidal or shielded inductor. Note that the inductance of shielded types will drop more as current increases, and will saturate more easily. Minimum Inductance: Although there can be a trade-off with efficiency, it is often desirable to minimize board space by choosing smaller inductors. When choosing an inductor, there are two conditions that limit the minimum inductance; (1) providing adequate load current, and (2) avoidance of subharmonic oscillation. Choose an inductance that is high enough to meet both of these requirements. 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 11 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Adequate Load Current: Small value inductors result in increased ripple currents and thus, due to the limited peak switch current, decrease the average current that can be provided to a load (IOUT). In order to provide adequate load current, L should be at least: DC * VIN L> V *I 2 ( f ) ILIM - OUT OUT VIN * DC * VIN V *I 2 ( f ) ILIM - OUT OUT -IOUT VIN * ( VIN - VCESAT ) * (2DC- 1) 0.76 * (1.5 *DC+1) * f * (1-DC) for the uncoupled inductor SEPIC topologies. LMAX = VIN - VCESAT DC * IMIN(RIPPLE) f where LMAX is L1||L2 for uncoupled SEPIC topologies and IMIN(RIPPLE) is typically 150mA. for the SEPIC topologies. where: L = L1||L2 for the uncoupled SEPIC topology DC = switch duty cycle (see previous section) ILIM = switch current limit, typically about 2.35A at 50% duty cycle (see the Typical Performance Characteristics section) = power conversion efficiency (typically 85% to 90% for boost and 80% to 85% for SEPIC at high currents) f = switching frequency Negative values of L indicate that the output load current IOUT exceeds the switch current limit capability of the LT8494. Avoiding Subharmonic Oscillations: The internal slope compensation circuit of LT8494 helps prevent the subharmonic oscillations that can occur when the duty cycle is greater than 50%, provided that the inductance exceeds a minimum value. In applications that operate with duty cycles greater than 50%, the inductance must be at least: L> L1||L2 > Maximum Inductance: Excessive inductance can reduce current ripple to levels that are difficult for the current comparator (A2 in the Block Diagram) to cleanly discriminate, thus causing duty cycle jitter and/or poor regulation. The maximum inductance can be calculated by: For boost topologies, or: L> for boost and coupled inductor SEPIC, or: Current Rating: Finally, the inductor(s) must have a rating greater than its peak operating current to prevent inductor saturation resulting in efficiency loss. In steady state, the peak and average input inductor currents (continuous conduction mode only) are given by: IL1(PEAK) = IL1(AVG) = VOUT *IOUT VIN *DC + VIN * 2 *L1* f VOUT *IOUT VIN * for the boost and uncoupled inductor SEPIC topology. For uncoupled SEPIC topologies, the peak and average currents of the output inductor L2 are given by: IL2(PEAK) =IOUT + VOUT * (1-DC) 2 *L2 * f IL2(AVG) =IOUT ( VIN - VCESAT ) * (2DC- 1) 0.76 * (1.5 *DC+1) * f * (1-DC) 12 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION For the coupled inductor SEPIC: excite the ceramic capacitor at audio frequencies, generating audible noise. Since LT8494 operates at a lower current limit during Burst Mode operation, the noise is typically very quiet. If this is unacceptable, use a high performance tantalum or electrolytic capacitor at the output. V *DC V IL(PEAK) =IOUT * 1+ OUT + IN VIN * 2 *L * f V IL(AVG) =IOUT * 1+ OUT VIN * Diode Selection Note: Inductor current can be higher during load transients. It can also be higher during short-circuit and start-up if inadequate soft-start capacitance is used. Thus, IL(PEAK) may be higher than the switch current limit of 2.95A, and the RMS inductor current is approximately equal to IL(AVG). Choose an inductor having sufficient saturation current and RMS current ratings. Capacitor Selection Low ESR (equivalent series resistance) capacitors should be used at the output to minimize the output ripple voltage. Multilayer ceramic capacitors are an excellent choice, as they have an extremely low ESR and are available in very small packages. X5R or X7R dielectrics are preferred, as these materials retain their capacitance over wider voltage and temperature ranges. Always use a capacitor with a sufficient voltage rating. Many capacitors rated at 2.2F to 20F, particularly 0805 or 0603 case sizes, have greatly reduced capacitance at the desired output voltage. Solid tantalum or OS-CON capacitors can be used, but they will occupy more board area than a ceramic and will have a higher ESR with greater output ripple. Ceramic capacitors also make a good choice for the input decoupling capacitor, which should be placed as closely as possible to the VIN and BIAS pins of the LT8494. A 2.2F to 4.7F input capacitor is sufficient for most applications. Audible Noise Ceramic capacitors are small, robust and have very low ESR. However, due to their piezoelectric nature, ceramic capacitors can sometimes create audible noise when used with the LT8494. During Burst Mode operation, the LT8494 regulator's switching frequency depends on the load current, and at very light loads the regulator can The diode used in boost or SEPIC topologies conducts current only during the switch off-time. During the switch on-time, the diode has reverse voltage across it. The peak reverse voltage is equal to VOUT in the boost topology and equal to (VOUT + VIN) in the SEPIC topology. Use a diode with a reverse voltage rating greater than the peak reverse voltage. An additional consideration is the reverse leakage current. The leakage current appears to the output as load current and affects the efficiency, most noticeably, under light load conditions. In Burst Mode operation, after the inductor current vanishes, the reverse voltage across the boost diode is approximately equal to VOUT - VIN in the boost topology and VOUT in the SEPIC topology. The percentage of time that the diode is reverse biased increases as load current decreases. Schottky diodes that have larger forward voltages often have less leakage, so a trade-off exists between light load and high load efficiency. Also the Schottky diodes with larger reverse bias ratings may have less leakage at a given output voltage, therefore, superior leakage performance can be achieved at the expense of diode size. Finally, keep in mind that the leakage current of a power Schottky diode goes up exponentially with junction temperature. Therefore, the Schottky diode must be selected with care to avoid excessive increase in light load supply current at high temperatures. Soft-Start The LT8494 contains a soft-start circuit to limit peak switch currents during start-up. High start-up current is inherent in switching regulators since the feedback loop is saturated due to VOUT being far from its final value. The 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 13 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION regulator tries to charge the output capacitor as quickly as possible, which results in large peak currents. The start-up current can be limited by connecting an external capacitor (typically 100nF to 1F) to the SS pin. This capacitor is slowly charged to ~2.1V by an internal 256k resistor once the part is activated. SS pin voltages below ~0.8V reduce the internal current limit. Thus, the gradual ramping of the SS voltage also gradually increases the current limit as the capacitor charges. This, in turn, allows the output capacitor to charge gradually toward its final value while limiting the start-up current. When the switching regulator shuts down, the soft-start capacitor is automatically discharged to ~100mV or less before charging resumes, thus assuring that the soft-start occurs after every reactivation of the switching regulation. Power Supplies and Operating Limits The LT8494 draws supply current from the VIN and BIAS pins. The largest supply current draw occurs when the switching regulator is enabled (SWEN is high) and the power switch is toggling on and off. Under light load conditions the switching regulator enters Burst Mode operation where the power switch toggles infrequently and the input current is significantly reduced (see the Low Ripple Burst Mode Operation section). Power Switch Driver (PSD) Operating Range: The NPN power switch is driven by a power switch driver (PSD) as shown in the Block Diagram. The driver must be powered by a supply (VIN or BIAS) that is above the minimum operating voltage and below the PSD overvoltage threshold. These voltages are typically 2.4V and 34V respectively (see Electrical Characteristics). If neither VIN nor BIAS is within this operating range, the PSD and the switching regulator are automatically disabled. Voltages up to 60V are not harmful to the PSD, however, as discussed, switching regulation is automatically disabled when neither VIN nor BIAS is in the valid operating range. When both VIN and BIAS are too low for proper LT8494 operation (typically < 2.4V), the chip will enter shutdown and draw minimal current from both supplies. 14 Automatic Power Supply Selection: In order to minimize power loss, the LT8494 draws as much of its required current as possible from the lowest suitable voltage supply (VIN or BIAS) in accordance with the requirements described in the previous two sections. This selection is automatic and can change as VIN and/or BIAS voltages change. The LT8494 compares the VIN and BIAS voltages to determine which is lower. The comparator has an offset and hysteresis as shown in the Electrical Characteristics section. The voltage comparison happens continuously when the power switch is toggling. The result of the latest comparison is latched inside the LT8494 when switching stops. If the power switch is not toggling, the LT8494 uses the last VIN vs BIAS comparison to determine which supply is lower. After initial power up or any thermal lockout the LT8494 always concludes that VIN is the lower supply voltage until subsequent voltage comparisons can be made while the power switch is toggling. BIAS Connection for SEPIC Converters: For SEPIC converters, where VIN can be above or below VOUT, BIAS is typically connected to VOUT which improves efficiency when VIN voltage is higher than VOUT. Connecting BIAS to VOUT in a SEPIC topology also allows the switching regulator to operate with VIN above 34V (typical switch driver overvoltage threshold) in cases where VOUT is regulated below the PSD overvoltage threshold. Finally, connecting BIAS to VOUT also allows the converter to operate from VIN voltages less than 2.4V after VOUT rises within the PSD operating range. This can be very useful in battery powered applications since the battery voltage drops as it discharges. BIAS Connection for Boost Converters: For boost converters, BIAS is typically connected to VOUT or to ground. Connecting BIAS to VOUT allows the converter to operate with VIN < 2.5V after VOUT has risen within the PSD operating range. However, during no load conditions on VOUT, despite VIN being selected as the primary input supply, the overall power loss will be slightly elevated due to the small amount of current still being drawn from the higher voltage BIAS pin. To minimize boost converter power loss during no load conditions, connect BIAS instead to ground. 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION For boost applications with VOUT higher than the PSD operating range, the BIAS pin should not typically be connected to VOUT. The LT8494 will never draw the majority of its current from BIAS due to the excessive voltage, therefore this connection does not help to improve efficiency. Alternative choices for the BIAS pin connection are ground or another supply that is within the PSD operating range. Maximum VIN for Boost Converters: VIN cannot generally be higher than VOUT in boost topologies because of the DC path from VIN to VOUT though the inductor and the output diode. If VIN must be higher than VOUT, then the inductor must be powered by a separate supply that is always below VOUT. Otherwise a SEPIC topology can be used. Also, the LT8494 will not operate in a boost topology with VIN voltages above the PSD operating range unless BIAS is connected to an alternative supply within the valid operating range. VIN/BIAS Ramp Rate: While initially powering a switching converter application, the VIN/BIAS ramp rate should be limited. High VIN/BIAS ramp rates can cause excessive inrush currents in the passive components of the converter. This can lead to current and/or voltage overstress and may damage the passive components or the chip. Ramping rates less than 500mV/s, depending on component parameters, will generally prevent these issues. Also, be careful to avoid hot-plugging. Hot-plugging occurs when an active voltage supply is instantly connected or switched to the input of the converter. Hotplugging results in very fast input ramp rates and is not recommended. Finally, for more information, refer to Linear Application Note 88, which discusses voltage overstress that can occur when inductive source impedance is hot-plugged to an input pin bypassed by ceramic capacitors. Output Power Good The power good circuits operate properly as long as either VIN or BIAS is above 1.3V. When the LT8494's output voltage is above 92% of the regulation voltage, which refers to the FB pin voltage being above 1.1V (typical), the output voltage is considered good and the open-drain PG pin becomes high impedance and is typically pulled high with an external resistor. Otherwise, the internal pulldown device will pull the PG pin low. To prevent glitches, the power good function has around 46mV of hysteresis on the FB pin. As shown in Figure 2, the PG pin is also actively pulled low during several fault conditions: The SWEN pin is below 1V, thermal shutdown, or VIN and BIAS are both under 2.4V. LT8494 FB 1.10V - + PG VIN AND BIAS UNDERVOLTAGE OVER TEMPERATURE SWEN 1.00V - + 8494 F02 Figure 2. Power Good Function Enabling the Switching Regulator The SWEN pin is used to enable or disable the switching regulator. The rising threshold of SWEN is typically 1V, with 30mV of hysteresis. The switching regulator is disabled by driving the SWEN pin below this threshold which deactivates the NPN power switch. The switching regulator is enabled by driving SWEN pin above its threshold. Before active switching begins, the soft-start capacitor will be quickly discharged then slowly charged causing a gradual startup of the regulator. SWEN can be connected to VIN if always on operation is desired, although some current may flow into the SWEN pin (see Typical Performance Characteristics) increasing overall bias current of the system. By connecting a resistor divider from VIN to SWEN (see Figure 3), the LT8494 will be programmed to disable the switching regulator when VIN drops below a desired threshold. Typically, this threshold is used in situations where the input supply is current limited, or has a relatively high source resistance. A switching regulator draws constant power from the source, so source 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 15 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION LT8494 VIN R4 1M R3 487k SWEN 1.00V VC - + 2.1V 256k SS 8494 F03 Figure 3. VIN Undervoltage Lockout current increases as source voltage drops. This looks like a negative resistance load to the source and can cause the source to current limit or latch low under low source voltage conditions. The input UVLO prevents the regulator from operating at source voltages where the problems might occur. As shown in Figure 3, by connecting a resistor divider from the VIN pin to the SWEN pin, the falling undervoltage lockout threshold is set to: R3+R4 VIN(UVLO) = * 0.97V R3 From the previous equation, the resistor divider shown in Figure 3 gives the VIN pin a falling undervoltage lockout threshold of 2.96V. When VIN is below this threshold, the switching regulation is disabled and the SS pin starts to discharge. After choosing the value of R3, for example, R4 can be calculated using: VIN(UVLO) R4 = R3 * - 1 0.97 High Temperature Considerations For higher ambient temperatures, care should be taken in the layout of the PCB to ensure good heat sinking of the LT8494. The exposed pad on the bottom of the package must be soldered to a ground plane. This ground should be tied to large copper layers below with thermal vias; these layers will spread heat dissipated by the LT8494. Placing additional vias can reduce thermal resistance further. The maximum load current should be derated as the ambient temperature approaches the maximum junction rating. Power dissipation within the LT8494 is estimated by calculating the total power loss from an efficiency 16 measurement and subtracting the diode loss, FB resistor loss and inductor loss. The die temperature is calculated by multiplying the LT8494 power dissipation by the thermal resistance from junction to ambient. The power switch and its driver dissipate the most power in the LT8494 (see Block Diagram). Higher switch current, duty cycle and output voltage result in higher die temperature. Power loss in the power switch driver also increases with higher input supply voltage. The PSD is supplied by the lowest suitable voltage on VIN and BIAS. Connecting BIAS to a low voltage supply, often VOUT, can reduce the maximum die temperature of the LT8494 (see Automatic Power Supply Selection section). Also note that leakage current into the SWEN and FB pins increases at high junction temperatures (see Typical Performance Characteristics). The potential leakage current should be considered when choosing high value resistors connected to those pins. Thermal Lockout: If the die temperature reaches approximately 165C, the part will go into thermal lockout and the chip will be reset. The part will be enabled again when the die temperature has dropped by ~5C (nominal). During thermal lockout, the PG pin is actively pulled low, see the Output Power Good section for more details. Fault Tolerance The LT8494 is designed to tolerate single fault conditions in the TSSOP package. Shorting two adjacent pins together or leaving one single pin floating does not raise VOUT or cause damage to the LT8494 regulator. Table 3 and Table 4 show the effects that result from shorting adjacent pins and from a floating pin, respectively. NC pins 4, 9, 17, and 19 must remain floating on the PCB to ensure fault tolerance. NC pins 5 and 15 are not connected to internal circuitry and can either be floated or grounded on the PCB without effecting the fault tolerance. It is recommended that the remaining NC pins (6, 11 and 13) also remain floating on the PCB for best fault tolerance. Table 3 assumes that all NC pins are floating. For the best fault tolerance to inadvertent adjacent pin shorts, the BIAS pin must be tied to something higher than 1.230V or to the output to avoid overvoltage during a short from FB to BIAS. 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Table 3. Effects of Pin Shorts (TSSOP) PIN NAMES PIN # EFFECT ON OUTPUT FB/BIAS 1/2 Output voltage will fall to approximately 1.202V if BIAS is connected to the output. PG/SS 7/8 No effect or output will fall below regulation. Table 4. Effects of Floating Pins (TSSOP) PIN NAME BIAS PIN # 1 EFFECT ON OUTPUT Depending on the VIN voltage and the circuit topology, floating this pin will degrade de-vice performance or the output will fall below regulation. FB 2, 3 No effect if the other FB pad is soldered. PG 7 No effect on output. SS 8 No effect after part has started. Can potentially lead to an increase of inrush current during start-up. RT 10 Output may fall below regulation. SWEN 12 Enable state of the pin becomes undefined. Output will not exceed regulation voltage. GND 14 No effect if Exposed Pad is soldered. GND 16 No effect on output. VIN 18 Depending on the BIAS voltage and the circuit topology, floating this pin will degrade device performance or the output will fall below regulation. 10 Output will fall below regulation voltage. Exposed Pad 21 Output maintains regulation, but potential degradation of device performance. L1 D1 C1 VOUT SW VIN LT8494 HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCHING PATH C2 LOAD GND 8494 F04 Figure 4. High Speed Chopped Switching Path for Boost Topology C2 L1 D1 VOUT * SW and 7. Shortening this path will also reduce the parasitic trace inductance. At switch-off, this parasitic inductance produces a flyback spike across the LT8494 switch. When operating at higher currents and output voltages, with poor layout, this spike can generate voltages across the LT8494 that may exceed its absolute maximum rating. A ground plane should also be used under the switcher circuitry to prevent interplane coupling and overall noise. The FB components should be kept as far away as practical from the switch node. The ground for these components should be separated from the switch current path. Failure to do so can result in poor stability or subharmonic oscillation. SW LT8494 As with all high frequency switchers, when considering layout, care must be taken to achieve optimal electrical, thermal and noise performance. One will not get advertised performance with a careless layout. For maximum efficiency, switch rise and fall times are typically in the 5ns to 10ns range. To prevent noise, both radiated and conducted, the high speed switching current path, shown in Figures 4 and 5, must be kept as short as possible. This is implemented in the suggested PCB layouts in Figures 6 VIN C1 GND HIGH FREQUENCY L2 SWITCHING PATH C3 LOAD * Layout Hints 8494 F05 Figure 5. High Speed Chopped Switching Path for SEPIC Topology 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 17 LT8494 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION VOUT C2 D1 SW FB 1 20 2 19 3 18 4 17 5 C1 15 PG 7 14 SS 8 13 9 12 10 11 RT VIN 16 21 6 L1 GND SWEN GND VIAS TO GROUND PLANE 8494 F06 Figure 6. Suggested Component Placement for Boost Topology Using TSSOP Package. Pin 21 (Exposed Pad) Must Be Soldered Directly to the Local Ground Plane for Adequate Thermal Performance. Multiple Vias to Additional Ground Planes Will Improve Thermal Performance D1 VOUT C1 * * C3 C2 FB 1 20 SW 2 19 3 18 4 17 5 6 21 L1 VIN 16 15 PG 7 14 SS 8 13 9 12 10 11 RT L2 GND SWEN GND VIAS TO GROUND PLANE 8494 F07 Figure 7. Suggested Component Placement for SEPIC Topology Using TSSOP Package. Pin 21 (Exposed Pad) Must Be Soldered Directly to the Local Ground Plane for Adequate Thermal Performance. Multiple Vias to Additional Ground Planes Will Improve Thermal Performance 18 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 450kHz, 5V Output SEPIC Converter (Same as Front Page Application) C3 2.2F * VOUT 5V 0.35A (VIN = 3V) 0.6A (VIN = 5V) 1.0A (VIN > 12V) L2 15H SW VIN SWEN C1 4.7F D1 * VIN 3V TO 60V (3V TO 32V FOR START-UP) L1 15H 1M LT8494 PG RT BIAS SS GND 169k 4.7pF C2 47F x2 FB 316k 1F 8494 TA02c C1: 4.7F, 100V, X5R, 1206 C3: 2.2F, 100V, X5R, 1206 C2: TAIYO YUDEN, EMK325BJ476MM-T D1: ONSEMI MBRA2H100 L1, L2: COILTRONICS DRQ125-150-R 750kHz, 16V to 32V Input, 48V Output, 0.5A Boost Converter VIN 16V TO 32V L1 22H D1 1M SW VIN SWEN C1 2.2F PG RT 93.1k 10pF FB 25.5k LT8494 C2 4.7F x2 GND BIAS SS VOUT 48V 0.5A 0.2F 8494 TA02a C1: 2.2F, 50V, X5R, 1206 C2: 4.7F, 100V, X7R, 1210 D1: ONSEMI MBRA2H100 L1: WURTH LHMI 74437349220 Transient Response with 400mA to 500mA to 400mA Output Load Step Efficiency, VIN = 24V Start-Up Waveforms 100 VOUT 0.5V/DIV AC-COUPLED EFFICIENCY (%) 95 90 VOUT 20V/DIV VSS 0.5V/DIV IL 0.5A/DIV 85 IL 0.5A/DIV 200s/DIV 80 8494 TA02d VIN = 24V 75 70 0 100 200 300 400 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 5ms/DIV 8494 TA02e VIN = 24V 96 LOAD 500 8494 TA02b 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 19 LT8494 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Wide Input and Output Range SEPIC Converter with Charge Pump Switches at 400kHz D1 D2 C10 10F * SW SWEN RT D5 196k C2 10F x2 OUTPUT ADJUST BIAS LT8494 GND SS 1M D6 L2 22H VIN C1 2.2F C3 3.3F * VIN 6V TO 38V (6V TO 32V FOR STARTUP) R1 1.2 C7 10F x2 C9 10F D7 VOUT 20V to 60V 80mA D3 D4 L1 22H C8 10F x2 78.7k FB PG 26.7k 0.1V TO 3.2V DAC (SET DAC TO 3.2V FOR START-UP) 1F 8494 TA03a L1, L2: COILCRAFT MSD1260T-223ML C1: 2.2F, 50V, X5R, 1206 C2, C7-C10: TAIYO YUDEN GMK325C7106KMHT, 10F 35V, X7S, 1210 C3: 3.3F, 100V, X7R, 1210 D1-D4: FAIRCHILD 0540 D5-D7: ON-SEMI MBRA2H100 R1: 1.2, 0.5W, SMD, 2010 20 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Li-Ion to 12V, Low Quiescent Current Boost at 650kHz L1 6.8H Efficiency, VIN = 3.3V D1 VOUT 12V 0.2A 1M SW VIN SWEN C1 4.7F PG RT 113k 90 85 FB 110k LT8494 C2 47F GND BIAS SS 95 EFFICIENCY (%) VIN 2.8V TO 4.1V 1F 80 75 70 65 8494 TA04a 60 C1: 4.7F, 6.3V, X7R, 1206 C2: 47F, 16V, X5R, 1210 D1: ONSEMI MBRM120LT1G L1: WURTH LHMI 74437346068 55 0.2 1 10 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 100 200 8494 TA04b Low Quiescent Current, 5V to 300V, 250kHz Flyback Converter DANGER HIGH VOLTAGE! Operation by High Voltage Trained Personnel Only T1 1:5 VIN 5V D1 VOUT 300V 2mA * 14.7H D2 * 1M 1M 1M SW VIN SWEN PG C1 2.2F RT 324k C2 22nF FB 12.1k LT8494 GND BIAS SS 1F 8494 TA05 *KEEP MAXIMUM OUTPUT POWER BELOW 0.6W C1: 2.2F, 25V, X5R, 1206 C2: TDK C3225CH2J223K D1: VISHAY GSD2004S DUAL DIODE CONNECTED IN SERIES D2: ON SEMICONDUCTOR MBRA2H100 T1: WURTH-FLEX FLEXIBAL TRANSFORMER 749196121 Start-Up Waveforms Switching Waveforms VOUT 0.5V/DIV IPRIMARY 0.5A/DIV VOUT 50V/DIV IPRIMARY 1A/DIV 5ms/DIV 2mA LOAD 8494 TA05b 2s/DIV 8494 TA05c 2mA LOAD 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 21 LT8494 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 1.5MHz, 12V Output SEPIC Converter Efficiency, VIN = 12V D1 * SWEN PG RT 41.2k 1M LT8494 SS C2 10F x2 BIAS GND 900 75 70 110k 65 300 55 8494 TA08a 50 0 C1, C3: 2.2F, 50V, X5R, 1206 C2: TAIYO YUDEN TMK325BJ106MM D1: DENTRAL SEMI CMMSH2-40 L1, L2: COILTRONICS DRQ74-4R7 22 600 POWER LOSS 60 FB 1F EFFICIENCY (%) SW VIN EFFICIENCY 80 4.7pF C1 2.2F 85 POWER LOSS (mW) L2 4.7H 1200 90 VOUT 12V 0.5A * VIN 9V TO 16V C3 2.2F L1 4.7H 100 200 300 400 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 0 500 8498 TA08b 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LT8494#packaging for the most recent package drawings. UF Package 20-Lead Plastic QFN (4mm x 4mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1710 Rev A) 0.70 0.05 4.50 0.05 3.10 0.05 2.00 REF 2.45 0.05 2.45 0.05 PACKAGE OUTLINE 0.25 0.05 0.50 BSC RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD PITCH AND DIMENSIONS APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED 4.00 0.10 0.75 0.05 R = 0.05 TYP R = 0.115 TYP 19 20 0.40 0.10 PIN 1 TOP MARK (NOTE 6) 4.00 0.10 PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.20 TYP OR 0.35 x 45 CHAMFER BOTTOM VIEW--EXPOSED PAD 1 2.00 REF 2.45 0.10 2 2.45 0.10 (UF20) QFN 01-07 REV A 0.200 REF 0.00 - 0.05 0.25 0.05 0.50 BSC NOTE: 1. DRAWING IS PROPOSED TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE MO-220 VARIATION (WGGD-1)--TO BE APPROVED 2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS 4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE 5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED 6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 23 LT8494 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION Please refer to http://www.linear.com/product/LT8494#packaging for the most recent package drawings. FE Package 20-Lead Plastic TSSOP (4.4mm) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1663 Rev L) Exposed Pad Variation CB DETAIL A 6.40 - 6.60* (.252 - .260) 3.86 (.152) 3.86 (.152) 0.60 (.024) REF 0.28 (.011) REF 20 1918 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 6.60 0.10 2.74 (.108) 4.50 0.10 DETAIL A 6.40 2.74 (.252) (.108) BSC SEE NOTE 4 0.45 0.05 DETAIL A IS THE PART OF THE LEAD FRAME FEATURE FOR REFERENCE ONLY NO MEASUREMENT PURPOSE 1.05 0.10 0.65 BSC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT 4.30 - 4.50* (.169 - .177) 0.09 - 0.20 (.0035 - .0079) 0.25 REF 0.50 - 0.75 (.020 - .030) NOTE: 1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS MILLIMETERS 2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN (INCHES) 3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE 24 1.20 (.047) MAX 0 - 8 0.65 (.0256) BSC 0.195 - 0.30 (.0077 - .0118) TYP 0.05 - 0.15 (.002 - .006) FE20 (CB) TSSOP REV L 0117 4. RECOMMENDED MINIMUM PCB METAL SIZE FOR EXPOSED PAD ATTACHMENT *DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.150mm (.006") PER SIDE 8494fa For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 LT8494 REVISION HISTORY REV DATE DESCRIPTION A 06/17 Clarified input conditions on top application PAGE NUMBER 19, 24 8494fa Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 25 LT8494 TYPICAL APPLICATION 450kHz, Wide Input Range 12V Output SEPIC Converter Efficiency 90 * D1 VOUT 12V 0.2A (VIN = 3V) 0.35A (VIN = 5V) 0.65A (VIN > 12V) L2 10H (VOUT RIPPLE MAY INCREASE BELOW 6V VIN) VIN SW SWEN PG C1 2.2F RT 169k BIAS LT8494 1M VIN = 24V 80 EFFICIENCY (%) C3 2.2F * VIN 3V TO 55V (3V TO 32V FOR START-UP) L1 10H 75 70 65 60 0.0 C2 10F x3 1F 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 LOAD CURRENT (A) 0.5 0.6 8494 TA06b No-Load Supply Current GND FB SS VIN = 12V VIN = 5V 85 100 110k 8494 TA06a 80 SUPPLY CURRENT (A) C1, C3: 2.2F, 100V, X5R, 1210 C2: 10F, 25V, X5R, 1210 D1: ONSEMI MBRA2H100 L1, L2: COILTRONICS DRQ125-100-R 60 40 20 0 0 10 20 30 40 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50 60 8494 TA06c RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS LT8495 70V, 2A Boost/SEPIC 1.5MHz High Efficiency DC/DC Converter with VIN: 2.5V to 32V, VOUT(MAX) = 70V, IQ = 9A, ISD < 1A, POR and Watchdog Timer 4mm x 4mm QFN20, TSSOP-20E Packages LT3580 42V, 2A Boost/Inverting 2.5MHz High Efficiency DC/DC Converter VIN: 2.5V to 32V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 1mA, ISD < 1A, 3mm x 3mm DFN-8, MSOP-8E Packages LT8580 65V, 1A Boost/Inverting DC/DC Converter VIN: 2.55V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 60V, IQ = 1.2mA, ISD < 1A, 3mm x 3mm DFN-8, MSOP-8E Packages LT8570/ LT8570-1 65V, 500mA/250mA Boost/Inverting DC/DC Converter VIN: 2.55V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 60V, IQ = 1.2mA, ISD < 1A, 3mm x 3mm DFN-8, MSOP-8E Packages LT8582 40V, Dual 3A, 2.5MHz High Efficiency Boost Converter VIN: 2.5V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 2.8mA, ISD < 1A, 7mm x 4mm DFN-24 Package LT8471 40V, Dual 3A, Multitopology High Efficiency DC/DC Converter VIN: 2.6V to 50V, VOUT(MAX) = 45V, IQ = 2.4mA, ISD < 1A, TSSOP-20E Package LT3581 40V, 3.3A, 2.5MHz High Efficiency Boost Converter VIN: 2.5V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 1mA, ISD < 1A, 4mm x 3mm DFN-14, MSOP-16E Packages LT8582 40V, Dual 3A Boost, Inverter, SEPIC, 2.5MHz High Efficiency Boost Converter VIN: 2.5V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 2.1mA, ISD < 1A, 7mm x 4mm DFN-24 Package LT3579/ LT3579-1 40V, 3.3A Boost, Inverter, SEPIC, 2.5MHz High Efficiency Boost Converter VIN: 2.5V to 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, IQ = 1mA, ISD < 1A, 4mm x 5mm QFN-20, TSSOP-20E Packages 26 8494fa LT 0617 REV A * PRINTED IN USA For more information www.linear.com/LT8494 www.linear.com/LT8494 LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2015