PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converter Input 36-75 Vdc Output 28.2V up to 13A/366W Key Features * THE double P extended Half-brick 61.5x61x12.7 mm (2.42x2.4x0.5 in) * Low Output Ripple, 60 mVp-p Typ. * Parallelable with no external components * High efficiency, typ. 90 % at 28.2 Vout 13A (full) load * 1500 VDC input to output isolation, meets isolation requirements equivalent to Basic Insulation according to IEC/EN/UL 60950 * More than 3 million hours predicted MTBF at 55 C ambient and 1 m/s (200 lfm) airflow The PKL 4316 represents another one of Ericsson's "industry first" achievements for high-density, highefficiency DC/DC power converters designed to provide high quality on-board power solutions in distributed power architectures used in Internetworking equipment in telecom and other industry applications. The PKL 4000 series was the first to use "THE double P" technology or enhanced four output pin design for motherboard connection reliability at this high power. The PKL 4316 uses patented technology and achieves an efficiency up to 90% at full load. Ericsson's PKL 4000 series addresses the emerging telecom market for applications in the multi-service network by specifying E the input voltage range in accordance with ETSI specifications. Included as standard features are output over-voltage protection, input under-voltage protection, over temperature protection, soft-start, output short circuit protection, remote sense, remote control, and output voltage adjust function. These converters are designed to meet high reliability requirements and are manufactured in highly automated manufacturing lines and meet world-class quality levels. Ericsson Power Modules is an ISO 9001/14001 certified supplier. Absolute Maximum Ratings Safety Characteristics min max Unit TC Maximum Operating Case Temperature -40 +110 C TS Storage temperature -40 +125 C VI Input voltage -0.5 +80 Vdc VISO Isolation voltage (input to output test voltage) 1500 Vtr Input over voltage condition (100 ms) 100 Vdc VRC Remote Control Voltage 12 Vdc Vadj Maximum input 10 Vdc Vdc Note: Stress in excess of Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. Absolute Maximum Ratings, sometimes referred to as no destruction limits, are normally tested with one parameter at a time exceeding the limits of Output data or Electrical Characteristics. If exposed to stress above these limits, function and performance may degrade in an unspecified manner. Input TC <TC max unless otherwise specified Characteristics VI Conditions Input voltage range 1) min typ max Unit 36 75 Vdc 32 34 Vdc 34 36 Vdc VIoff Turn-off input voltage Ramping from higher voltage VIon Turn-on input voltage Ramping from lower voltage CI Input capacitance IIac Reflected ripple current 5 Hz to 20 MHz, VI = 53 V 5 Ap-p PII Input idling power Io= 0, VI = 53 V 6 W VI = 53 V, RC activated 0.4 PRC Input standby power (turned off with RC) 3.5 F 0.6 W Environmental Characteristics The PKL 4000 series DC/DC converters are designed in accordance with safety standards IEC/EN/UL 60 950, Safety of Information Technology Equipment. The PKL 4000 series DC/DC converters are UL 60 950 recognized and certified in accordance with EN 60 950. The DC/DC converter should be installed in the end-use equipment, in accordance with the requirements of the ultimate application. The input source must be isolated by minimum Basic insulation from the primary circuit in accordance with IEC/EN/UL 60 950. If the input voltage to the DC/DC converter is 75 V dc or less, then the output remains SELV (Safety Extra Low Voltage) under normal and abnormal operating conditions. Single fault testing in the input power supply circuit should be performed with the DC/DC converter connected to demonstrate that the input voltage does not exceed 75 V dc. If the input power source circuit is a DC power system, the source may be treated as a TNV2 circuit and testing has demonstrated compliance with SELV limits and isolation requirements equivalent to Basic insulation in accordance with IEC/EN/UL 60 950. It is recommended that a fast blow fuse with a rating twice the maximum input current per selected product be used at the input of each DC/DC converter. If a fault occurs in the converter that imposes a short circuit on the input source, this fuse will provide the following functions: Characteristics Random Vibration IEC 68-2-34Ed Frequency Spectral density Duration 10 ... 500 Hz 0.07 g2/Hz 10 min each direction Sinusoidal Vibration IEC 68-2-6 Fc Frequency Amplitude Acceleration Number of cycles 10 ... 500 Hz 0.75 mm 10 g 10 in each axis Shock (half sinus) IEC 68-2-27 Ea Peak acceleration Duration 100 g 6 ms Temperature change IEC 68-2-14 Na Temperature Number of cycles -40 ... +100 C 300 Heat/Humidity IEC 68-2-3 Ca Temperature Humidity Duration +85 C 85 % RH 1000 hours Solder heat stability IEC 68-2-20 1A Temperature, solder Duration 260 C 10 ...13 s Resistance to cleaning solvents IEC 68-2-45 XA Method 2 Water Isopropyl alcohol Glycol ether +55 5 C +35 5 C +35 5 C Cold (in operation) IEC 68-2-1 Ad Temperature Duration -45 C 2h Storage test IEC 68-2-2 Ba Temperature Duration +125 C 1000 h 2 PKL 4316 Series * Isolate the faulty DC/DC converter from the input power source not to affect the operation of other parts of the system. * Protect the distribution wiring from excessive current and power loss thus preventing hazardous overheating. The galvanic isolation is verified in an electric strength test. The test voltage (VISO) between input and output is 1500 Vdc for 60 seconds. Leakage current is less than 1uA at nominal input voltage. The flammability rating for all construction parts of the DC/DC converter meets UL 94V-0. EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 Mechanical Data SEE NOTE 1 61.5 [2.42] OVERALL LENGTH 4.82 [0.19] 5.3 [0.21] PIN EXT. 12.7 [0.50] OVERALL HEIGHT 0.5 [0.02] 51.86 [2.042] 5.1 [0.20] 12.72 [0.50] 12.72 [0.50] -INPUT -OUTPUT 25.40 [1.000] 35.56 [1.400] 10.16 [0.400] -SENSE CASE 17.78 [0.700] 10.16 [0.400] BOTTOM VIEW TRIM 25.40 [1.000] 50.8 [2.00] REMOTE ON/OFF +SENSE 35.56 [1.400] +OUTPUT +INPUT 1.02 [0.040] DIA. PLATED BRASS PINS TYPICAL 7 PLACES 61.0 [2.40] OVERALL WIDTH 3.47 [0.137] M3 X [0.5] MOUNTING INSERTS TYPICAL 4 PLACES MAX. SCREW TORQUE: 0,44 N-M [3.9 IN-LBS]. SEE NOTE 2 2.06 [0.080] DIA. PLATED BRASS PINS TYPICAL 4 PLACES 8.42 [0.332] FOOTPRINT 3.00 [0.12] 4 places +OUTPUT +INPUT 2.43 [0.096] 4 places +SENSE REMOTE ON/OFF 1.42 [0.056] 7 places TOP VIEW CASE -INPUT TRIM -SENSE Dimensions: mm [inches] Tolerances: .x .5 [.xx 0.02] .xx .25 [.xxx 0.010] -OUTPUT NOTE 1: Extension of mounting insert only on PKL 4316 PITM / PITO NOTE 2: For PKL 4316 PITM / PITO, Non-threaded inserts Connections Fundamental Circuit Diagram Pin Designation Function 1 - In Negative Input 2 Case Connected to baseplate 3 RC Remote Control 4 + In Positive Input Primary Secondary 4 11 9 3 5, 10 - Out Negative Output 6 - Sen Negative Sense 7 Vadj Output voltage adjust 8 + Sen Positive Sense 9, 11 + Out Positive Output Control 5 10 1 Isolated Feedback 7 8 6 For more information about the functions see Operating Information Weight PKL 4316 PIT 110 g Pins Material: Brass Alloy Plating: Tin/Lead over Nickel PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 3 PKL 4316 PIT Output TC = -40...+110C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Output Characteristics Unit Conditions min typ max 28.2 28.8 V 31 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 27.6 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 23.5 Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 27.6 28.2 28.8 V Idling voltage IO = 0 27.6 28.2 30.6 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 14 56 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 20 30 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.25 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 1.8 V ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.25x IOmax tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 23.9 33 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 33.8 48.4 ms IO Output current 0 11 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 310 Ilim Current limit threshold TC < TCmax 12.76 Isc Short circuit current TC = 25 C VOac Output ripple & noise IO = IOmax , f < 5 MHz SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 60 s W 14.64 A 15 16 A 60 130 mVp-p 50 dB 36 V Miscellaneous TC = -40...+110C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit Efficiency - 50% load TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 91 % Efficiency - 100% load TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 90 % Pd Power Dissipation TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 30.7 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 125 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin 4 10.5 PKL 4316 Series A EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 PKL 4316 PIT Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency [%] [A] 95 12 10 90 8 36 V 53 V 75 V 85 6 3.0 m/s (600 lfm) 2.5 m/s (500 lfm) 2.0 m/s (400 lfm) 1.5 m/s (300 lfm) 1.0 m/s (200 lfm) 0.5 m/s (100 lfm) Nat. Conv. 80 4 75 2 0 70 0 3 6 9 12 0 15 [A] Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TC=+25 C Output Characteristic 40 60 80 100 [C] Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. Power Dissipation [V] [W] 30 50 26 40 22 30 18 20 14 10 10 20 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 [A] Output voltage vs. load current at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. 0 3 6 9 12 15 [A] Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TC=+25 C Turn-Off Start-Up Start-up at Io=11A resistive load at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (20V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (5V/div.). Time scale: 20 ms/div. PKL 4316 Series 0 36 V 53 V 75 V EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 Turn-off at Io=11A resistive load at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 0.2 s/div. 5 PKL 4316 PIT Typical Characteristics Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=11A resistive load. Band width=4MHz. Time scale: 1s / div. Output Voltage Adjust Transient Output voltage response to load current step-change (2.75-8.25-2.75 A) at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (1V/div.). Bottom trace: load current (4 A/div.) Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [k] The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: 1000000 VO increase VO decrease 100000 Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [10((1036/ %) + 936 )] k Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [10(100 / %)-2 ] k 10000 1000 100 Eg Increase 5% to: 29.6 Vdc 10((1036/5)+936)= 11432 kOhm Eg Decrease 5% to: 26.8 Vdc 10(100/5)-2= 198 kOhm 6 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change. PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 PKL 4316A PIT Output TC = -40...+110C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Output Characteristics Unit Conditions min typ max 28.2 28.8 V 31 V Output voltage initial setting and accuracy TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 27.6 Output adjust range IO = IOmax 23.5 Output voltage tolerance band IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax 27.6 28.2 28.8 V Idling voltage IO = 0 27.6 28.2 30.6 V Line regulation IO = IOmax 14 56 mV Load regulation VI = 53 V, IO = 0.01...1 x IOmax 20 30 mV Vtr Load transient voltage deviation IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 V Load step = 0.25 x IOmax di/dt = 1A/s 1.8 V ttr Load transient recovery time IO = 0.1...1 x IOmax , VI = 53 loadstep = 0.25x IOmax tr Ramp-up time IO = 0.1...0.9 x VO 23.9 33 ms ts Start-up time From VI connected to VO = 0.9 x VOI 33.8 48.4 ms IO Output current 0 13 A POmax Max output power At VO = VOnom 366 Ilim Current limit threshold TC < TCmax 12.76 Isc Short circuit current TC = 25 C VOac Output ripple & noise IO = IOmax , f < 5 MHz SVR Supply voltage rejection (ac) f = 100 Hz sinewave , 1 Vp-p , VI = 53 V OVP Over voltage protection VI = 53 V VOi VO 60 s W 14.64 A 15 16 A 60 130 mVp-p 50 dB 36 V Miscellaneous TC = -40...+110C, VI = 36 ...75V, sense pins connected to output pins unless otherwise specified. Characteristics Conditions min typ max Unit Efficiency - 50% load TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = 0.5 x IOmax 91 % Efficiency - 100% load TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 90 % Pd Power Dissipation TC = +25 C, VI = 53 V, IO = IOmax 36.6 W fs Switching frequency IO = 0 ... 1.0 x IOmax 125 kHz IImax Maximum input current 1.1 x VOi x IOmax / / VImin PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 10.5 A 7 PKL 4316A PIT Typical Characteristics Output Current Derating Efficiency [%] [A] 95 14 12 90 10 36 V 53 V 75 V 85 8 3.0 m/s (600 lfm) 2.5 m/s (500 lfm) 2.0 m/s (400 lfm) 1.5 m/s (300 lfm) 1.0 m/s (200 lfm) 0.5 m/s (100 lfm) Nat. Conv. 6 80 4 75 70 2 0 3 6 9 12 15 [A] Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage at TC=+25 C Output Characteristic 0 [V] [W] 50 26 40 22 30 18 20 14 10 3 6 40 60 80 100 [C] Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V. 30 0 20 Power Dissipation 10 9 12 15 18 [A] Output voltage vs. load current at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start-Up 0 36 V 53 V 75 V 0 3 6 9 12 15 [A] Dissipated power vs. load current and input voltage at TC=+25 C Turn-Off Start-up at Io=13A resistive load at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Start enabled by connecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (20V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (5V/div.). Time scale: 20 ms/div. 8 0 Turn-off at Io=13A resistive load at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Turn-off enabled by disconnecting Vin. Top trace: output voltage (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: input voltage (20 V/div.). Time scale: 0.2 s/div. PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 PKL 4316A PIT Typical Characteristics Transient Output Ripple Output voltage ripple (50mV/div.) at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V, Io=13A resistive load. Band width=4MHz. Time scale: 1s / div. Output Voltage Adjust Output voltage response to load current step-change (3.25-9.75-3.25 A) at TC=+25 C, Vin=53 V. Top trace: output voltage (1V/div.). Time scale: 0.1 ms/div. Output Voltage Adjust [k] The resistor value for an adjusted output voltage is calculated by using the following equations: 1000000 VO increase VO decrease 100000 Output Voltage Adjust Upwards, Increase: Radj= [10((1036/ %) + 936 )] k Output Voltage Adjust Downwards, Decrease: Radj= [10(100 / %)-2 ] k 10000 1000 100 Eg Increase 5% to: 29.6 Vdc 10((1036/5)+936)= 11432 kOhm Eg Decrease 5% to: 26.8 Vdc 10(100/5)-2= 198 kOhm PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 [%] Output voltage adjust resistor value vs. percentage change. 9 EMC Specification The conducted EMI measurement is performed using a module placed directly on the test bench. The fundamental switching frequency is 125 kHz for PKL 4316 PIT @ VI = 53V, IO = (0.1...1.0) x IOmax. External filter (class B) Printed Circuit Board 5H 50 + in LISN 50 ohm temination Power Module out rcvr DC Power Source Filter (if used) - in 5H 50 out LISN Required external input filter in order to meet class B in EN 55022, CISPR 22 and FCC part 15J. 1 m Twisted Pair rcvr Optional Connection to Earth Ground Resistive Load 50 ohm input C4 L1 C1 C5 L2 C2 + C3 EMC Reciver PKL module C4 + C5 C1: 2 x 1F C2,3: 4 x 1F C4: 2 x 2700pF C5: 2700pF L1, L2: Common mode inductor The capacitors are ceramic type. Low ESR is critical for achieveing these results. 10 Computer R Test set-up. Layout Recommendation The radiated EMI performance of the DC/DC converter will be optimised by including a ground plane in the PCB area under the DC/DC converter. This approach will return switching noise to ground as directly as possible, with improvements to both emissions and susceptibility. If one ground trace is used, it should be connected to the input return. Alternatively, two ground traces may be used, with the trace under the input side of the DC/DC converter connected to the input return and the trace under the output side of the DC/DC converter connected to the output return. Make sure to use appropriate safety isolation spacing between these two return traces. The use of two traces as described will provide the capability of routing the input noise and output noise back to their respective returns. PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 Operating Information Input Voltage The input voltage range 36...75Vdc meets the requirements of the European Telecom Standard ETS 300 132-2 for normal input voltage range in -48V and -60V DC systems, -40.5...57.0V and -50.0...-72V respectively. At input voltages exceeding 75V, the power loss will be higher than at normal input voltage and TPcb must be limited to absolute max +125C. The absolute maximum continuous input voltage is 80Vdc. Turn-Off Input Voltage The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters monitor the input voltage and will turn on and turn off at predetermined levels. The minimum hysteresis between turn on and turn off input voltage is 1V where the turn on input voltage is the highest. Remote Control (RC) The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have remote control function referenced to the primary side (minus input), with negative and positive logic options available. The RC function is CMOS open drain compatible. Maximum sink current is 1mA. When the RC pin is left open, the voltage generated on the RC pin by the DC/DC converter is 3.5-6.0V. The maximum allowable leakage current of the switch is 50A. The standard converter is provided with "negative logic" remote control and will be off until the RC pin is connected to the minus input. To turn on the converter the voltage between RC pin and minus input should be less than 1V. To turn off the converter the RC pin should be left open, or connected to a voltage higher than 4V referenced to minus input. In situations where it is desired to have the converter power up automatically without the need for control signals or a switch, the RC pin can be wired directly to the -Input circuit on the application board. The second option is "positive logic" remote control, which can be ordered by adding the suffix "P" to the end of the part number. The converter will turn on if the input voltage is applied with the RC pin open. Turn off is achieved by connecting the RC pin to the minus input. To ensure safe turn off the voltage difference between minus input pin and the RC pin shall be less than 1V. The converter will restart when this connection is opened. Remote Sense All PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have remote sense that can be used to compensate for moderate amounts of resistance in the distribution system and allow for voltage regulation at the load or other selected point. The remote sense lines will carry very little current and do not need a large cross sectional area. However, the sense lines on the PCB should be located close to a ground trace or ground plane. In a discrete wiring situation, the use of twisted pair wires or other technique to reduce noise susceptibility is highly recommended. The remote sense circuitry will compensate for up to 10% voltage drop between the sense voltage and the voltage at the output pins. The output voltage and the remote sense voltage offset must be less than the minimum over voltage trip point. If the remote sense is not needed the -Sense should be connected to -Out and +Sense should be connected to +Out. Output Voltage Adjust (Vadj) All PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have an Output Voltage adjust pin (Vadj). This pin can be used to adjust the output voltage above or below Output voltage initial setting. When increasing the output voltage, the voltage at the output pins (including any remote sense offset) must be kept below the overvoltage trip point, to prevent the converter from shut down. Also note that at increased output voltages the maximum power rating of the converter remains the same, and the output current capability will decrease correspondingly. To decrease the output voltage the resistor should be connected between Vadj pin and -Sense pin. To increase the voltage the resistor should be connected between Vadj pin and +Sense pin. The resistor value of the Output voltage adjust function is according to information given under the output section. +Out +Out +Sense +Sense Load Vadj Radj Load Vadj Radj -Sense -Sense -Out -Out Decrease Increase Circuit configuration for output voltage adjust PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 11 Operating Information Current Limit Protection The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters include current limiting circuitry that allows them to withstand continuous overloads or short circuit conditions on the output. The output voltage will decrease towards zero for output currents in excess of max output current (Iomax). The converter will resume normal operation after removal of the overload. The load distribution system should be designed to carry the maximum output short circuit current specified. Over Voltage Protection (OVP) The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have latching output overvoltage protection. In the event of an overvoltage condition, the converter will shut down immediately. The converter can be restarted by cycling the input voltage or using the remote control function. Over Temperature Protection (OTP) The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are protected from thermal overload by an internal over temperature shutdown circuit. When the PCB temperature (centre of PCB ) exceeds 135 C the converter will shut down immediately (latching). The converter can be restarted by cycling the input voltage or using the remote control function. Input And Output Impedance The impedance of both the power source and the load will interact with the impedance of the DC/DC converter. It is most important to have a ratio between L and C as low as possible, i.e. a low characteristic impedance, both at the input and output, as the converters have a low energy storage capability. The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters have been designed to be completely stable without the need for external capacitors on the input or the output circuits. The performance in some applications can be enhanced by addition of external capacitance as described under maximum capacitive load. If the distribution of the input voltage source to the converter contains significant inductance, the addition of a 100F capacitor across the input of the converter will help insure stability. This capacitor is not required when powering the DC/DC converter from a low impedance source with short, low inductance, input power leads. 12 Maximum Capacitive Load When powering loads with significant dynamic current requirements, the voltage regulation at the load can be improved by addition of decoupling capacitance at the load. The most affective technique is to locate low ESR ceramic capacitors as close to the load as possible, using several capacitors to lower the effective ESR. These ceramic capacitors will handle short duration high-frequency components of dynamic load changes. In addition, higher values of electrolytic capacitors should be used to handle the mid-frequency components. It is equally important to use good design practice when configuring the DC distribution system. Low resistance and low inductance PCB (printed circuit board) layouts and cabling should be used. Remember that when using remote sensing, all resistance, inductance and capacitance of the distribution system is within the feedback loop of the converter. This can have affect on the converters compensation and the resulting stability and dynamic response performance. As a "rule of thumb", 100F/A of output current can be used without any additional analysis. For example with a 25A converter, values of decoupling capacitance up to 2500 F can be used without regard to stability. With larger values of capacitance, the load transient recovery time can exceed the specified value. As much of the capacitance as possible should be outside the remote sensing loop and close to the load. The absolute maximum value of output capacitance is 10 000 F. For values larger than this, please contact your local Ericsson Power Modules representative. Parallel Operation The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters can be paralleled safely without any external components, however good matching between the initial voltage setting and the layout impedence/ resistance can change the performance. Please consult with your Ericsson representative should parallelling the PKL 4316 series for increased power be desired. PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 Thermal Consideration General The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are designed to operate in a variety of thermal environments, however sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation. Heat is removed by conduction, convection and radiation to the surrounding environment. Increased airflow enhances the heat transfer via convection. The available load current vs. ambient air temperature and airflow at Vin=53 V for each model is according to the information given under the output section. The test is done in a wind tunnel with a cross section of 305x305mm, the DC/DC converter vertically mounted on a 6 layer PCB with a size of 254x254mm. Proper cooling can be verified by measuring the temperature of selected devices. Calculation of ambient temperature By using the thermal resistance the maximum allowed ambient temperature can be calculated. 1. The powerloss is calculated by using the formula ((1/) - 1) x output power = power losses. = efficiency of converter. E.g 85% = 0.85 2. Find the value of the thermal resistance in the diagram by using the airflow speed at the module. Take the thermal resistance x powerloss to get the temperature increase. [C/W] 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 [m/s] Thermal resistance vs. airspeed measured at the converter. Tested in windtunnel with a cross section of 305x305 mm mounted on a 6 layer PCB with a size of 254x254 mm. 3. Max allowed calculated ambient temperature is: Max TC of DC/DC converter - temperature increase. E.g PKJ 4316 PIT at 2m/s: 1 A. (( ) - 1) x 311W = 34.55W 0.90 B. 34.55W x 1.79C/W = 61.84C C.110C - 61.84C = max ambient temperature is 48.16C The real temperature will be dependent on several factors, like PCB size and type, direction of airflow, air turbulence etc. It is recommended to verify the temperature by testing. PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 13 Miscellaneous Quality Soldering Information Reliability The Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the PKL 4316 series DC/DC converter family is calculated to be greater than (>) 7.6 million hours at full output power and a PCB temperature of +110C using the Ericsson failure rate data system (TILDA/ Preditool). The Ericsson failure rate data system is based on field failure rates and is continuously updated. The data corresponds to actual failure rates of components used in Information Technology and Telecom equipment in temperature controlled environments (TA= -5...+65C). The data is considered to have a confidence level of 90%. For more information please refer to Design Note 002. The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are intended for through hole mounting on a PCB. When wave soldering is used max temperature on the pins are specified to 215C for 10 seconds. Maximum preheat rate of 4C/s is suggested. When hand soldering is used a thermocouple needs to be mounted on the DC/DC converter pins to verify that pin temperatures does not exceed 215C for longer time than 10 seconds with the used soldering tools. No-clean flux is recommended to avoid entrapment of cleaning fluids in cavities inside of the DC/DC power module. The residues may affect long time reliability and isolation voltage. Delivery Package Information PKL 4316 series standard delivery package is a 50 pcs box One box contains 5 full trays. Tray Specification Material: Max surface resistance: Color: Capacity: Weight: ESD PET <1010 Ohm/sq Clear 10 pcs/tray TBD g Design for Environment (DfE) The PKL 4316 Series DC/DC converters are designed to fulfill the wanted functionality with minimum environmental impact. The converters are presently assembled using low lead solder and a pcb with halogen free flame retardant and electroless nickel plated brass pins. Lead free solder will be used in the coming year. All packaging used for shipping is recyclable. 14 Quality Statement The PKL 4316 series DC/DC converters are designed and manufactured in an industrial environment where quality systems and methods like ISO 9000, 6 (sigma), and SPC are intensively in use to boost the continuous improvements strategy. Infant mortality or early failures in the products are screened out and they are subjected to an ATE-based final test. Conservative design rules, design reviews and product qualifications, plus the high competence of an engaged work force, contribute to the high quality of our products. Limitation of Liability Ericsson Power Modules does not make any other warranties, expressed or implied including any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose (including, but not limited to, use in life support applications, where malfunctions of product can cause injury to a person's health or life). PKL 4316 Series EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules, November 2003 Product Program VI VO/IO max Output 1 PO max Ordering No. 48/60 28.2 V/11 A 310 W PKL 4316 PIT 48/60 28.2 V/13 A 366 W PKL 4316A PIT The PKL series DC/DC converter may be ordered with different options listed in the Product Options Table. For more information about the complete product program, please refer to our website: www.ericsson.com/powermodules Product Options Option Suffix Example Negative Remote Control logic Industry standard Output Adjust - PKL 4316 PIT Non-threaded standoff with increased length 0.5 mm (0.02 in) M PKL 4316 PITM Positive Remote Control logic P PKL 4316 PIPT Setpoint accuracy to 1% Non-threaded standoff with increased length 0.5 mm (0.02 in) O PKL 4316 PITO Lead length 3.68 mm (0.145 in) LA PKL 4316 PITLA Lead length 4.57 mm (0.180 in) LB PKL 4316 PITLB Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Ericsson Power Modules. These products are sold only according to Ericsson Power Modules' general conditions of sale, unless otherwise confirmed in writing. Specifications subject to change without notice. Ericsson Power Modules SE-141 75 Kungens Kurva, Sweden Telephone: +46 8 568 69620 Americas Ericsson Inc., Power Modules +1-877-374-2642 For local sales contacts, please refer to our website www.ericsson.com/powermodules or call: Int +46 8 568 69620, Fax: +46 8 568 69599 Asia/Pacific Ericsson Ltd. +852-2590-7152 The latest and most complete information can be found on our website Datasheet EN/LZT 146 039 R1A (c) Ericsson Power Modules AB, November 2003