TSL237T High-Sensitivity Light-to-Frequency Converter General Description The TSL237 light-to-frequency converter combines a silicon photodiode and a current-to-frequency converter on a single monolithic CMOS integrated circuit. Output is a square wave (50% duty cycle) with frequency directly proportional to light intensity (irradiance) on the photodiode. The digital output allows direct interface to a microcontroller or other logic circuitry. Output enable (OE) places the output in a high-impedance state for multiple-unit sharing of a microcontroller input line. The device has been temperature compensated for the ultraviolet-to-visible light range of 320nm to 700nm and responds over the light range of 320nm to 1050nm. The TSL237 is characterized for operation over the temperature range of -40C to 85C and is supplied in a compact 4-lead surface-mount package (T). Ordering Information and Content Guide appear at end of datasheet. Key Benefits & Features The benefits and features of the TSL237, High Sensitivity Light-to-Frequency Converter, are listed below: Figure 1: Added Value of Using TSL237 Benefits Features * High-Resolution Conversion of Light Intensity to Frequency with no External Components * 5M:1 Input Dynamic Range * Provides Low Light Level Operation * Low Dark Frequency of 0.1 Hz (typical), <2Hz at 50C * Provides for High Sensitivity to Detect a Small Change in Light * High Irradiance Responsivity 1.2kHz/(W/cm2) @ p = 640nm * Reduces Board Space Requirements while Simplifying Designs * 2.6mm x 3.8mm 4-lead SMD (T) Package * Single-Supply Operation: 2.7V to 5.5V * Stable 200ppm/C Temperature Coefficient * Communicates Directly with a Microcontroller ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 1 Document Feedback TSL237T - General Description Block Diagram The functional blocks of this device are shown below: Figure 2: TSL237 Block Diagram Light Photodiode Current-to-Frequency Converter Output OE Page 2 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Pin Assignments Pin Assignments Figure 3: Pin Diagram of Package T 4-Lead SMD (Top View) OE 1 4 OUT GND 2 3 V DD Figure 4: Terminal Functions Terminal Type Description Name Pin No. GND 2 OE 1 I Enable for fO (active low) OUT 4 O Output frequency VDD 3 ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Power supply ground (substrate). All voltages are referenced to GND. Supply voltage Page 3 Document Feedback TSL237T - Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Absolute Maximum Ratings Figure 5: Absolute Maximum Ratings Over Operating Free-Air Temperature Range (unless otherwise noted) Symbol VDD Parameter Min Supply voltage (1) Max Unit 6 V VI Input voltage range, OE input -0.3 VDD + 0.3 V TA Operating free-air temperature range (2) -40 85 C TSTRG Storage temperature range (2) -40 85 C TBODY Solder conditions in accordance with JEDEC J-STD-020A, maximum temperature 260 C Note(s): 1. All voltage values are with respect to GND. 2. Long-term storage or operation above 70C could cause package yellowing that will lower the sensitivity to wavelengths < 500nm. Page 4 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Electrical Characteristics All limits are guaranteed. The parameters with min and max values are guaranteed with production tests or SQC (Statistical Quality Control) methods. Electrical Characteristics Figure 6: Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Unit 2.7 5 5.5 V VDD Supply voltage VIH High-level input voltage VDD = 5V 4.5 VDD V VIL Low-level input voltage VDD = 5V 0 0.5 V TA Operating free-air temperature range -40 85 C Max Unit Figure 7: Electrical Characteristics at VDD = 5V, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted) Symbol Parameter Test Conditions VOH High-level output voltage IOH = -1mA VOL Low-level output voltage IOL = 1mA IDD Supply current Full-scale frequency (1) kSVS Min Typ 4 4.7 V 0.1 0.4 V 1.6 3 mA 1000 kHz 500 Temperature coefficient of output frequency Wavelength 600nm, fO = 50kHz 200 ppm/C Supply voltage sensitivity VDD = 5V 10% 0.5 %/V Note(s): 1. Full-scale frequency is the maximum operating frequency of the device without saturation. ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 5 Document Feedback TSL237T - Electrical Characteristics Figure 8: Operating Characteristics at VDD = 5V, TA = 25C, p = 640nm (unless otherwise noted) Symbol fO fD Re Parameter Output frequency Dark frequency Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Ee = 40.4W/cm2, 40 50 60 kHz Ee = 0W/cm2 0 0.1 Ee = 0W/cm2, TA = 50C 0 Irradiance responsivity Nonlinearity (1) fO = 0kHz to 10kHz Hz 2 Hz 1.2 kHz/ (W/cm2) 1% %F.S. Step response to full-scale step input 1 pulse of new frequency plus 1s Time from OE low to output enabled 1 period of output frequency Note(s): 1. Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of f O from a straight line between zero and full scale, expressed as a percent of full scale. Page 6 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Typical Operating Characteristics Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 9: Output Frequency vs. Irradiance Output Frequency (fO i fD) -- kHz 1000 100 VDD = 5 V Op = 640 nm TA = 25qC 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 Ee i Irradiance 10 100 1k iPW/cm2 Figure 10: Photodiode Spectral Responsivity 1 Normalized Responsivity 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 O i Wavelength i nm ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 7 Document Feedback TSL237T - Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 11: Supply Current vs. Free-Air Temperature IDD -- Supply Current -- mA 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 i40 i15 10 35 60 TA i Free-Air Temperature i qC 85 Figure 12: Output Frequency vs. Free-Air Temperature fO -- Output Frequency -- Normalized 1.100 1.075 1.050 1.025 1.000 0.975 0.950 0.925 0.900 i25 Page 8 Document Feedback i5 15 35 55 TA i Free-Air Temperature i qC 75 ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 13: Dark Frequency vs. Free-Air Temperature 7.5 fD -- Dark Frequency -- Hz 6.0 4.5 3.0 1.5 0.0 -1.5 -3.0 NOTE -4.5 -6.0 -7.5 -25 -5 15 35 55 TA - Free-Air Temperature - C 75 Note(s): 1. Internal offsets that result in dark frequency can be both positive and negative. The dashed line represents the case of negative offset in which an equivalent amount of light signal is required to obtain a non-zero output frequency. Figure 14: Photodiode Responsivity Temperature Coefficient vs. Wavelength of Incident Light 11k Temperature Coefficient -- ppm/degC 10k 9k 8k 7k 6k 5k 4k 3k 2k 1k 0 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 O i Wavelength of Incident Light i nm ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 9 Document Feedback TSL237T - Typical Operating Characteristics Figure 15: Normalized Output Voltage vs. Angular Displacement T PKG NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT -- T PKG 0.8 Optical Axis VO -- Output Voltage -- Normalized 1 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -90 -Q -60 Side +Q -30 0 30 60 Q - Angular Displacement - 90 Figure 16: Normalized Output Voltage vs. Angular Displacement T PKG NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs. ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT -- T PKG 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -90 Page 10 Document Feedback Optical Axis VO -- Output Voltage -- Normalized 1 -Q -60 End +Q -30 0 30 60 Q - Angular Displacement - 90 ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Application Information Application Information Power-Supply Considerations Power-supply lines must be decoupled by a 0.01F to 0.1F capacitor with short leads placed close to the TSL237 (Figure 17). A low-noise power supply is required to minimize jitter on output pulse. Figure 17: Typical TSL237 Interface to a Microcontroller VDD VDD 0.1 F TSL237 Timer / Port OUT GND MCU OE Device Operational Details The frequency at the output pin (OUT) is given by: (EQ1) f O = fD + (R e) (E e) where * f O is the output frequency * f D is the output frequency for dark condition (Ee = 0) * R e is the device responsivity for a given wavelength of light given in kHz/(W/cm 2) * E e is the incident irradiance in W/cm 2 f D is a constant error term in the output frequency calculation resulting from leakage currents, and is independent of light intensity. The TSL237 die is trimmed to minimize the magnitude of this dark frequency component so that it can be neglected in the transfer function calculation. ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 11 Document Feedback TSL237T - Application Information In many applications, measurement of the actual dark frequency may be impractical due to measurement times ranging from several seconds to several minutes, and the fact that some devices may never transition (zero dark frequency). Input Interface A low-impedance electrical connection between the device OE terminal and the device GND terminal is required for improved noise immunity. Output Interface The output of the device is designed to drive a CMOS logic input over short distances. If lines greater than 12 inches in length are used on the output, a buffer or line driver is recommended. Measuring the Frequency The choice of interface and measurement technique depends on the desired resolution and data acquisition rate. For maximum data-acquisition rate, period-measurement techniques are used. Period measurement requires the use of a fast reference clock with available resolution directly related to reference-clock rate. The technique is employed to measure rapidly varying light levels or to make a fast measurement of a constant light source. Maximum resolution and accuracy may be obtained using frequency-measurement, pulse-accumulation, or integration techniques. Frequency measurements provide the added benefit of averaging out random- or high-frequency variations (jitter) resulting from noise in the light signal. Resolution is limited mainly by available counter registers and allowable measurement time. Frequency measurement is well suited for slowly varying or constant light levels and for reading average light levels over short periods of time. Integration, the accumulation of pulses over a very long period of time, can be used to measure exposure - the amount of light present in an area over a given time period. Output enable (OE) places the output in a high-impedance state for multiple-unit sharing of a microcontroller input line. When the OE line goes low, the device resynchronizes the output to an integration cycle. The rising edge of the output signal (OUT) will occur exactly one period of the output frequency after OE goes low. Page 12 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Application Information PCB Pad Layout Suggested PCB pad layout guidelines for the T package are shown in Figure 18. Figure 18: Suggested T Package PCB Layout 0.90 1.00 1.50 2.90 Note(s): 1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. 2. This drawing is subject to change without notice. ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 13 Document Feedback TSL237T - Packaging Mechanical Data The TSL237 is supplied in a low-profile surface-mount package. This package contains no lead (Pb). Packaging Mechanical Data Figure 19: Package T - Four-Lead Surface Mount Device Packaging Configuration TOP VIEW 1.89 2.60 1.0 3.80 Photo-Active Area (Note C) DETAIL A: TYPICAL PACKAGE TERMINAL 0.10 SIDE VIEW 3.10 0.90 7 0.35 III III EEEEEEEE EEEEEEEE 0.40 0.80 1.35 0.45 R 0.20 0.50 BOTTOM VIEW A 1.50 RoHS PIN 1 P Lead 0.55 Green Note(s): 1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. 2. Terminal finish is gold, 1.3m minimum. 3. The center of the 0.84mm x 0.84mm integrated photodiode active area is referenced to the upper left corner of the package (near Pin 1). 4. Dimension tolerance is 0.15mm. 5. This drawing is subject to change without notice. Page 14 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Packaging Mechanical Data Figure 20: Package T - Four Lead Surface Mount Package Carrier Tape 0.30 0.050 2.10 SIDE VIEW 1.75 0.100 B 1.50 4 0.100 END VIEW 2 0.100 8 Typ TOP VIEW 12 0.100 5.50 0.100 1.50 R 0.20 TYP B A A DETAIL B DETAIL A 2.90 0.100 Ao 3.09 MAX R 0.20 TYP R 0.20 TYP 4.29 MAX 4.10 0.100 Bo 1.80 Ko Note(s): 1. All linear dimensions are in millimeters. 2. The dimensions on this drawing are for illustrative purposes only. Dimensions of an actual carrier may vary slightly. 3. Symbols on drawing Ao, Bo, and Ko are defined in ANSI EIA Standard 481-B 2001. 4. Each reel is 178 millimeters in diameter and contains 1000 parts. 5. ams packaging tape and reel conform to the requirements of EIA Standard 481-B. 6. In accordance with EIA standard, device pin 1 is located next to the sprocket holes in the tape. 7. This drawing is subject to change without notice. ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 15 Document Feedback TSL237T - Manufacturing Information The reflow profile specified here describes expected maximum heat exposure of devices during the solder reflow process of the device on a PWB. Temperature is measured at the top of the device. Devices should be limited to one pass through the solder reflow profile. Manufacturing Information Figure 21: TSL237 Solder Reflow Profile Parameter Reference TSL237T Average temperature gradient in preheating Soak time 2.5C/s tsoak 2 to 3 minutes Time above T1, 217C t1 Max 60 s Time above T2, 230C t2 Max 50 s Time above T3, (Tpeak - 10C) t3 Max 10 s Peak temperature in reflow Tpeak 260C (-0C/5C) Temperature gradient in cooling Max -5C/s Figure 22: Solder Reflow Profile Tpeak Not to scale -- for reference only T3 T2 Temperature (C) T1 Time (s) t3 t2 tsoak Page 16 Document Feedback t1 ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Manufacturing Information Moisture Sensitivity Optical characteristics of the device can be adversely affected during the soldering process by the release and vaporization of moisture that has been previously absorbed into the package molding compound. To ensure the package molding compound contains the smallest amount of absorbed moisture possible, each device is dry-baked prior to being packed for shipping. Devices are packed in a sealed aluminized envelope with silica gel to protect them from ambient moisture during shipping, handling, and storage before use. The T package have been assigned a moisture sensitivity level of MSL 3 and the devices should be stored under the following conditions: * Temperature Range: 5C to 50C * Relative Humidity: 60% maximum * Total Time: 12 months from the date code on the aluminized envelope - if unopened * Opened Time: 168 hours or fewer Rebaking will be required if the devices have been stored unopened for more than 12 months or if the aluminized envelope has been open for more than 168 hours. If rebaking is required, it should be done at 50C for 12 hours. ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 17 Document Feedback TSL237T - Ordering & Contact Information Ordering & Contact Information Figure 23: Ordering Information Ordering Code Device TA Package - Leads Package Designator TSL237T TSL237 -40C to 85C 4-lead Low Profile Surface Mount T Buy our products or get free samples online at: www.ams.com/ICdirect Technical Support is available at: www.ams.com/Technical-Support Provide feedback about this document at: www.ams.com/Document-Feedback For further information and requests, e-mail us at: ams_sales@ams.com For sales offices, distributors and representatives, please visit: www.ams.com/contact Headquarters ams AG Tobelbader Strasse 30 8141 Premstaetten Austria, Europe Tel: +43 (0) 3136 500 0 Website: www.ams.com Page 18 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement RoHS: The term RoHS compliant means that ams AG products fully comply with current RoHS directives. Our semiconductor products do not contain any chemicals for all 6 substance categories, including the requirement that lead not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, RoHS compliant products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. ams Green (RoHS compliant and no Sb/Br): ams Green defines that in addition to RoHS compliance, our products are free of Bromine (Br) and Antimony (Sb) based flame retardants (Br or Sb do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous material). Important Information: The information provided in this statement represents ams AG knowledge and belief as of the date that it is provided. ams AG bases its knowledge and belief on information provided by third parties, and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of such information. Efforts are underway to better integrate information from third parties. ams AG has taken and continues to take reasonable steps to provide representative and accurate information but may not have conducted destructive testing or chemical analysis on incoming materials and chemicals. ams AG and ams AG suppliers consider certain information to be proprietary, and thus CAS numbers and other limited information may not be available for release. ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Page 19 Document Feedback TSL237T - Copyrights & Disclaimer Copyrights & Disclaimer Copyright ams AG, Tobelbader Strasse 30, 8141 Premstaetten, Austria-Europe. Trademarks Registered. All rights reserved. The material herein may not be reproduced, adapted, merged, translated, stored, or used without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. Devices sold by ams AG are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its General Terms of Trade. ams AG makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein. ams AG reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with ams AG for current information. This product is intended for use in commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical life-support or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by ams AG for each application. This product is provided by ams AG "AS IS" and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. ams AG shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interruption of business or indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of ams AG rendering of technical or other services. Page 20 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Document Status Document Status Document Status Product Preview Preliminary Datasheet Datasheet Datasheet (discontinued) ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 Product Status Definition Pre-Development Information in this datasheet is based on product ideas in the planning phase of development. All specifications are design goals without any warranty and are subject to change without notice Pre-Production Information in this datasheet is based on products in the design, validation or qualification phase of development. The performance and parameters shown in this document are preliminary without any warranty and are subject to change without notice Production Information in this datasheet is based on products in ramp-up to full production or full production which conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of Trade Discontinued Information in this datasheet is based on products which conform to specifications in accordance with the terms of ams AG standard warranty as given in the General Terms of Trade, but these products have been superseded and should not be used for new designs Page 21 Document Feedback TSL237T - Revision Information Revision Information Changes from 1-00 (2016-Aug-22) to current revision 1-01 (2018-Apr-04) Page Removed all instances of TSL237CL and respective data Note(s): 1. Page and figure numbers for the previous version may differ from page and figure numbers in the current revision. 2. Correction of typographical errors is not explicitly mentioned Page 22 Document Feedback ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 TSL237T - Content Guide Content Guide ams Datasheet [v1-01] 2018-Apr-04 1 1 2 General Description Key Benefits & Features Block Diagram 3 4 5 7 Pin Assignments Absolute Maximum Ratings Electrical Characteristics Typical Operating Characteristics 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 Application Information Power-Supply Considerations Device Operational Details Input Interface Output Interface Measuring the Frequency PCB Pad Layout 14 Packaging Mechanical Data 16 17 Manufacturing Information Moisture Sensitivity 18 19 20 21 22 Ordering & Contact Information RoHS Compliant & ams Green Statement Copyrights & Disclaimer Document Status Revision Information Page 23 Document Feedback