AC164135 - Microchip Technology

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor

PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

User’s Guide

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THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Table of Contents

Preface ...........................................................................................................................1

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 Ov ervie w ........... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... 7

1.2 Boa r d Se t u p ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... 8

Chapter 2. Hardware

2.1 Hardware Components ................................................................................11

2.2 Functional Overview .....................................................................................15

Chapter 3. Thermal Interface Demonstration

3.1 Ov ervie w ........... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 17

3.2 Ha rd w a re S e tup ........... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... .. ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 19

3.3 Sof tware Se t u p ......... ...... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ..... 19

3.4 Ru nn ing T h e Dem o n s tr a tion ... .. ........... ....... ...... ....... ....... ........... ...... ....... ..... 2 1

Chapter 4. Linear Interface Demonstration

4.1 De m o n st ra t io n O ve r vi e w ........... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ...... . 23

4.2 De m o n st ra t io n Hardwa re S e tu p ....... ...... ....... ....... ...... ....... ....... .. ...... ....... ..... 24

4.3 Demonstration Software Setup .................................................................... 25

4.4 Ru nn ing T h e Dem o n s tr a tion ... .. ........... ....... ...... ....... ....... ........... ...... ....... ..... 2 6

Appendix A. Schematics and Layout

Index .............................................................................................................................33

Worldwide Sales and Service ....................................................................................34

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

NOTES:

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Preface

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains general information that will be useful to know before using the

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board. Items discussed in

this chapte r inclu de:

• Document Lay out

• Conventions Used in this Guide

• Warranty Registration

• Recommended Reading

• The Microchip Web Site

• Development Systems Customer Change Notification Service

• Customer Support

• Document Rev isio n History

DOCUMENT LAYOUT

This document describes how to use the Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™

Plus Daughter Board to provide the signal conditioning circuits necessary to interface

thermal and linear sensor signals to a dsPIC® Digital Signal Controller (DSC) or a

PIC24H Microcontroller (MCU). The manual layout is as follows:

•Chapter 1. “Introduction” – This chapter introduces the Thermal/Linear

Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board (also referred to as the Daughter

Board throughout this document) and provides an overview of the features.

•Chapter 2. “Hardware” – This chapt er ident ifies th e major har dware com ponent s

of the Daughter Board and provides a functional overview.

•Chapter 3. “Thermal Interface Demonstration” – This chapter describes a

simple program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter Board to capture and

process signals from a common type of temperature sensor: a K-type

thermocouple.

NOTICE TO CUSTOMERS

All documentation becomes dated, and this manual is no exception. Microchip tools and

documentation are constantly evolving to meet customer needs, so some actual dialogs

and/or tool descriptions may differ from those in this document. Please refer to our web site

(www.microchip.com) to obtain the latest documentation available.

Documents are identified with a “DS” number. This number is located on the bottom of each

page, in front of the page number. The numbering convention for the DS number is

“DSXXXXXA”, where “XXXXX” is the document number and “A” is the revision level of the

document.

For the most up-to-date information on development tools, see the MPLAB® IDE on-line help.

Select the Help menu, and then Topics to open a list of available on-line help files.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

•Chapter 4. “Linear Interface Demonstration” – This chapter describes a simple

program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter Board to capture and

process signals from any generic linear sensor through the Linear Sensor

Interface.

•Appendix A. “Schematics and Layout” – This appendix provides detailed

circuit schematics and board layout diagrams of the Daughter Board.

Preface

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS GUIDE

This manu al us es the followi ng docum entatio n conv en tion s:

DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS

Description Represents Examples

Arial font:

Italic characters Referenced books MPLAB® IDE User’s Guide

Emphasized text ...is the only comp ile r...

Initial caps A window the Output window

A dialog the Settings dialog

A menu selection select Enable Programmer

Quotes A field name in a window or

dialog “Save project before build”

Underlined, italic text with

right angle bracket A menu path File>Save

Bold characters A dialog button Click OK

A tab Click the Power tab

N‘Rnnnn A number in verilo g forma t,

where N is the tota l number of

digit s, R is th e radi x and n is a

digit.

4‘b0010, 2‘hF1

Text in angle brackets < > A key on the keyboard Press <Enter>, <F1>

Courier New font:

Plain Courie r New Sample source code #define START

Filenames autoexec.bat

File paths c:\mcc18\h

Keywords _asm, _endasm, static

Command-line options -Opa+, -Opa-

Bit values 0, 1

Constants 0xFF, ‘A’

Italic Courier New A variable argument file.o, where file can b e

any val id filena me

Square brackets [ ] Optional arguments mcc18 [options] file

[options]

Curly brackets and pipe

character: { | } Choice of mutually exclusive

arguments; an OR selection errorlevel {0|1}

Ellipses... R eplaces repe ated text var_name [,

var_name...]

Represents code supplied by

user void main (void)

{ ...

}

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

WARRANTY REGISTRATION

Please complete the enclosed Warranty Registration Card and mail it promptly.

Sending in the Warranty Registration Card entitles users to receive new product

updates. Interim software releases are available at the Microchip web site.

RECOMMENDED READING

This user's guide describes how to use Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™

Plus Daughter Board. Other useful documents are listed below. The following

Microchip documents are available and recommended as supplemental reference

resources.

•“dsPIC3 3FJ1 2G P2 01/ 202 Data Sheet” (DS70264)

•“MCP601/1R/2/3/4 2.7V to 6.0V Single Supply CMOS Op Amps” (DS21314 )

•“MCP616/7/8/9 2.3V to 5.5V Micropower Bi-CMOS Op Amps” (DS21613)

•“TC1047/TC1047A Precision Temperature-to-Voltage Converter” (DS 21 498)

•“Explorer 16 Development Board Us er’s Guide” (DS51589)

•“16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board User’s Guide” (DS51656)

Readme Files

For the latest information on using other tools, read the tool-specific Readme files in

the Readmes subdirectory of the MPLAB IDE installation directory. The Readme files

contain update information and known issues that may not be included in this user’s

guide.

Preface

THE MICROCHIP WEB SITE

Microchip provides online support via our web site at www.microchip.com. This web

site is used as a means to make files and information easily available to customers.

Accessible by using your favorite Internet browser, the web site contains the following

information:

•Product Support – Data sheets and errata, application notes and sample

programs, design resources, user’s guides and hardware support documents,

latest software releases and archived software

•General Technical Support – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), technical

support requests, online discussion groups, Microchip consultant program

member listing

•Business of Microchip – Product selector and ordering guides, latest Microchip

press releases, listing of seminars and events, listings of Microchi p sale s offices,

distributors and factory representatives

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Microchip’s customer notification service helps keep customers current on Microchip

products. Subscribers will receive e-mail notification whenever there are changes,

updates, revisions or errata related to a specified product family or development tool of

interest.

To register, access the Microchip web site at www.microchip.com, click on Customer

Change Notification and follow the registration instructions.

The Development Systems product group categories are:

•Compilers – The latest information on Microchip C compilers and other language

tools. These include the MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C compilers; MPASM™

and MPLAB ASM30 assemblers; MPLINK™ and MPLAB LINK30 object linkers;

and MPLIB™ and MPLAB LIB30 object librarians.

•Emulators – The latest information on Microchip in-circuit emulators.This

includes the MPLAB ICE 2000, MPLAB ICE 4000, and MPLAB REAL ICE™

•In-Circuit Debuggers – The latest information on the Microchip in-circuit

debugger, MPLAB ICD 2.

•MPLAB® IDE – The latest information on Microchip MPLAB IDE, the Windows®

Integrated Development Environment for development systems tools. This list is

focused on the MPLAB IDE, MPLAB SIM simulator , MPLAB IDE Project Manager

and general editing and debugging features.

•Programmers – The latest information on Microchip programmers. These include

the MPLAB PM3 and PRO MATE II device programmers and the PICSTART®

Plus and PICkit™ 1 development programmers.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Users of Microchip products can receive assistance through several channels:

• Distributor or Representative

• Local Sales Office

• Field Application Engineer (FAE)

• Technical Support

Customers should contact their distributor , representative or field application engineer

(FAE) for support. Local sales offices are also available to help customers. A listing of

sales offices and locations is included in the back of this document.

Technical support is available through the web site at: http://support.microchip.com

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Revision A (December 2008)

This is the initial release of this document.

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Chapter 1. Introduction

Thank you for purchasing Microchip Technology's Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor

PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board. This board provides the signal conditioning circuits

necess ary to interface therm al and linear sensor si gna ls to a dsPIC® Digital Signal

Controller (DSC) or a PIC24H microcontroller (MCU).

The Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter Board is used with either

the Explorer 16 Development Board or the 16-bit 28-pin S tarter Development Board to

demonstrate the acquisition, analog-to-digital conversion (dsPIC DSC or PIC24H

devices) and signal processing of typical sensor signals using the architectural and

peripheral features of dsPIC DSC devices.

This chapter introduces the Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter

Board (simplified as Daughter Board throughout this document) and provides an

overview of the features. Topics covered include:

•Overview

• Board Setup

1.1 OVERVIEW

The Daughter Board fits into the expansion slot on the Explorer 16 Development Board

and interfaces between an external sensor and the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device on the

Explorer 16 Development Board. The Daughter Board is intended to support the

development of intelligent sensor processing applications using Microchip's 16-bit DSC

and MCU device families.

Alternately, the Daughter Board may be plugged into the pin header on the 16-bit

28-pin Starter Development Board using connector J2 (refer to Figure 2-1 in

Chapter 2. “Hardwa re” for the location of this connector).

The differential output signals from the thermocouple (not provided with the Daughter

Board) are amplified, passed through an anti-aliasing filter and routed to the

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) module on the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device for

software processing. A TC1047A temperature sensor IC is also provided on the board.

The output of this temperature sensor is passed through another anti-aliasing filter and

routed to the ADC.

The Daughter Board also provides a generic linear signal interface to which any

single-ended sensor output (or even an artificially synthesized signal) can be supplied.

Just like the thermocouple and TC1047A output signals, this linear signal is conditioned

using an anti-aliasing filter, but it is also level-shifted in order to allow bipolar sensor

signals to be sampled by the unipolar ADC on the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device.

The Explorer 16 Development Board (or 16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board)

supplies power to the Daughter Board.

The Daughter Board is shown in Figure 1-1. This document reflects the usage of the

Daughter Board with the Explorer 16 Development Board; however, the 16-bit 28-pin

Starter Development Board has similar set up requirements.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

FIGURE 1-1: THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD

1.2 BOARD SETUP

Figure 1-2 shows a photograph of the Daughter Board plugged into an Explorer 16

Development Board. A K-type thermocouple is connected to the Daughter Board. For

demonstration purposes, a portable function generator is also shown connected to the

Daughter Board. In a real application development environment, this may be

substituted for any other linear sensor signal.

A 9V power supply and the MPLAB® REAL ICE™ in-circuit emulator are plugged into

the Explorer 16 Development Board. MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator is required

to operate the demonstration programs provided with the board package; however , for

actual usage an MPLAB ICD 2 or any other programmer/debugger may be used. The

two demonstration programs show the capture and processing of signals obtained from

the thermocouple interface and from the generic linear signal interface, respectively.

Introduction

FIGURE 1-2: THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD

SETUP

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

NOTES:

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Chapter 2. Hardware

This chapter identifies the major hardware components of the Thermal/Linear

Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter Board and provides a functional overview.

Topics covered include:

• Hardware Components

• Functional Overview

2.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Figure 2-1 identifies the key hardware components of the Daughter Board. The

numbered board components are described in Table 2-1.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

FIGURE 2-1: DAUGHTER BOARD HARDWARE COMPONENTS

TABLE 2-1: DAUGHTER BOARD COMPONENTS

Number Name Component Description

1 J4 Explor er 16 PICtail™ Plus connec tor

2 J2 16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board connector

3 U2 Anti-aliasing low-pass filter for thermocouple signal

4 U3 Differential amplifier for thermocouple signal

5 U5 Anti-aliasing low-pass filter for linear signal

6 J5 Jumper for input offset calibration of differential amplifier

7 R38 Potentiometer for differential amplifier output offset adjustment

8 U6 Anti-aliasing low-pass filter for temperature sensor IC signal

9 JP2 Jumper to include or bypass level shifter

10 U7 Level shifter for linear signal

11 R30 Potentiometer for level shifter adjustment

12 J1 Thermocouple connector

13 J3 Linear signal connector

Hardware

2.1.1 Explorer 16 PICtail Plus Connector (J4)

The Daughter Board connects to the Explorer 16 Development Board using edge

connector J3. The Daughter Board uses the following Explorer 16 signals:

• +3.3V power

• Ground

• dsPIC33F or PIC24H device ADC module inputs (3 inputs)

2.1.2 16-bit 28-pin Starter Developme nt Board Connector (J2)

This connector allows the Daughter Board to be connected to Microchip's 16-bit 28-pin

Starter Development Board. The Daughter Board u ses the foll owing Explorer 16

signals:

• +3.3V power

• Ground

• dsPIC33F or PIC24H device ADC module inputs (3 inputs)

2.1.3 Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for Thermocouple Signal (U2)

The anti-aliasing low-pass filter uses the two op amps in the MCP617 dual op amp IC.

The output of the differential amplifier uses an anti-aliasing low-pass 4th-order

Sallen-Key structure to filter the signal and provide a cut-off frequency of 3300 Hz.

2.1.4 Differential Amplifier for Thermocouple Signal (U3)

The thermocouple differential amplifier uses three op amps in the MCP619 quad op

amp IC. The fourth op amp buffers the reference voltage provided to the differential

amplifier as well as the level shifter circuit. The output from a thermocouple is a pair of

analog voltage signals. The differential amplifier converts this signal pair into a

single-ended voltage signal for the on-chip ADC in the dsPIC33F or PIC24H device.

The external resistors R5, R6, R7 and R8 have been selected to provide an amplifier

gain of 249.

2.1.5 Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for Linear Signal (U5)

The anti-aliasing low-pass filter uses the two op amps in the MCP617 dual op amp IC.

The output of the level shifter circuit uses an anti-aliasing low-pass 8th-order

Sallen-Key structure to filter the signal and provide a cut-off frequency of 3300 Hz.

2.1.6 Jumper for Offset Calibration of Differential Amplifier (J5)

The jumper J5 can be used as a possible method of calibrating the output offset voltage

of the differential amplifier. To do this, install the jumper and measure the output voltage

at test point TP4.

2.1.7 Potenti ometer for Differential Ampli fier Output Offset

Adjustment (R38)

The constant output offset voltage can be adjusted manually by the user by rotating the

screw on potentiometer R38, either clockwise or counterclockwise. Rotating the

potentiometer screw clockwise increases the offset, whereas rotating it in a

counterclockwise direction decreases the offset. The offset can range from 0V to 1.65V .

2.1.8 Anti- Aliasing Low-Pass Fil ter for Temperature Sensor IC Signal

(U6)

The anti-aliasing low-pass filter uses the two op amps in the MCP617 dual op amp IC.

The output of the differential amplifier uses an anti-aliasing low-pass 4th-order

Sallen-Key structure to filter the signal and provide a cut-off frequency of 3300 Hz.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

2.1.9 Jumper to Include or Bypass Level Shifter (JP2)

The jumper JP2 determines whether the level shifter circuit will be included in the linear

signal chain or bypassed completely. To include the level shifter, install the jumper in

the 1-2 position (indicated by the arrow marked adjacent to the jumper on the Daughter

Board). To bypass the level shifter and supply the linear input signal directly to the

anti-aliasing low-pass filter, install the jumper in the 2-3 position.

2.1.10 Level Shifter for Linear Signal (U7)

The level shifter circuit is implemented using the MCP602 dual op amp IC. Op amp A

works in conjunction with the external components to provide the required level shift,

and op amp B serves as a buffer.

2.1.11 Potentiometer for Level Shifter Adjustment (R30)

Users can manually adjust the level provided by the level shifter by rotating the screw

on the potentiometer R30. The level of the signal mid-point can range from 0V to 3.3V,

depending on the potentiometer adjustment. Rotating the potentiometer screw

clockwise increases the signal level, whereas rotating it in a counterclockwise direction

decreases the signal level.

2.1.12 Thermocouple Connector (J1)

The Daughter Board contains a standard K-type thermocouple connector labeled J1.

A thermocouple with the appropriate receptacle can be inserted directly into the

connector.

2.1.13 Linear Signal Connector (J3)

Connector J3 contains a pair of test points, which allow users to supply an external

linear signal, either from a real sensor or generated artificially for development

purposes.

Hardware

2.2 FUNCTIONAL OVERVIEW

The block diagram shown in Figure 2-2 illustrates the operation of the Daughter Board.

FIGURE 2-2: DAUGHTER BOARD BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.2.1 Thermocouple Signal Conditioning

The incoming signals come from the differential voltage outputs of a thermocouple (not

included with the Daughter Board) plugged into thermocouple connector J1. These

signals are amplified by a differential amplifier implemented using three operational

amplifiers in an MCP619 quad op amp device. The external components of the

differential amplifier have been selected to provide amplification by a factor of 249.

The fourth op amp in this device is used to provide a constant 1.65V voltage reference

to the differential amplifier as well as to the level shifter circuit (described in

Section 2.2.3 “Linear Sensor Signal Conditioning”). Depending on application

requirements, the user can adjust the output offset of the differential amplifier by

adjusting the potentiometer R38.

Some users may choose to perform input offset calibration of the differential amplifier.

This can be accomplished by mounting a capacitor (C3) and installing a jumper on J5.

The single-ended output of the differential amplifier is routed to an MCP617 dual op

amp device . The two op amp s in this d evice are co nfigu red t o serv e as a n anti -ali asing

low-pass filter, in a 4th-order Sallen-Key structure. This limits the bandwidth of the input

signal to approximately 3300 Hz. The output of this filter is routed to pin 69 of the PICtail

Plus interface header J4 on the Explorer 16 Development Board, for analog-to-digital

conversion and further processing by a dsPIC33F or PIC24H device. For a

dsPIC33FJ12GP202 Plug-in Module (PIM), this pin is routed to the ADC input AN9 of

the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.

2.2.2 Temperature Sensor IC Signal Conditioning

A TC1047A temperature sensor IC is provided on the Daughter Board. The output

voltage of the temperature sensor IC has an amplitude of 10 mV per degree Celsius

and a constant output voltage offset of 500 mV . This signal is primarily intended to ease

the implementation of cold junction compensation in the application software by

providing an approximate reference for the temperature of the Daughter Board itself.

However , the TC1047A can also be used independently as an alternative temperature

sensor.

Explorer 16

Development

Board

Connector

AN9

AN8

AN7

Level Shift Adjustme nt

Differential

Amplifier Anti-Aliasing

Low-Pass Filter

TC1047A

Temperature

Sensor IC Anti-Aliasing

Low-Pass Filter

Level

Shifter Anti-Aliasing

Low-Pass Filter

Linear

Signal

Thermocouple

Output Offset Adjustm ent

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

The single-ended output of the TC1047A device is routed to an MCP617 dual op amp

device. The two op amps in this device are configured to serve as an anti-aliasing

low-pass filter , identical to the filter used in the thermocouple signal conditioning circuit.

The output of this filter is routed to pin 70 of the PICtail Plus interface header J4 on the

Explorer 16 Development Board, for analog-to-digital conversion and further

processing by a dsPIC33F or PIC24H device. For a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM, this pin

is routed to the ADC input AN8 of the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.

2.2.3 Linear Sensor Signal Conditioning

The Daughter Board also contains a generic signal interface for any linear sensor

signals with a maximum peak-to-peak voltage of 3.3V. The signal can come from a

sensor located external to the board; alternately, it can simply be an artificially

generated signal (e.g., from a function generator) used to model a particular sensor

output during application development. Whatever the source, the signal can be

supplied to pins 1 and 2 on connector J3, or only supplied to pin 1 with pin 2 grounded.

Often, the signal may be bipolar, which means it can have values less than 0V. Since

the signal is required to be sampled by the on-chip ADC on a dsPIC33F or PIC24H

device, its level must be shifted up such that the signal becomes unipolar, so that it

stays above 0V at all times. This functionality, illustrated in Figure 2-3, is provided by a

level shifter circuit on the Daughter Board. The level shifter is implemented using one

op amp of an MCP602 dual op amp device. This level shifter circuit is essentially an

inverting differential amplifier, with the non-inverting input derived from the positive

voltage rail. The level of the signal midpoint can be adjusted (between 0V and 3.3V)

using potentiometer R30, and the level shifter circuit can be included or bypassed by

installing a jumper in the 1-2 position (indicated on the Daughter Board by an arrow

beside the jumper) or the 2-3 position, respectively, of jumper JP2.

The other op amp in the MCP602 acts as a buffer . A buffer is essentially a non-inverting

amplifier with unity gain, and prevents the output circuit from loading the input circuit

and distorting the signals as a result.

The output of the buffer is provided to an anti-aliasing low-pass filter, implemented as

an 8th-order Sallen-Key structure. The output of this filter is routed to pin 38 of the

PICtail Plus interface header J4 on the Explorer 16 Development Board, for

analog-to-digital conversion and further processing by a dsPIC33F or PIC24H device.

For a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM, this pin is routed to the ADC input AN7 of the

dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.

FIGURE 2-3: LEVEL SHIFTER OPERATION

+1.65V

-1.65V 0V

+1.65V

+3.3V

Before Level Shifter After Level Shifter

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Chapter 3. Thermal Interface Demonstration

This chapter describes a simple program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter

Board to capture and process signals from a common type of temperature sensor: a

K-type thermocouple. Topics covered include:

•Overview

• Hardware Setup

• Software Setup

• Running The Demonstration

3.1 OVERVIEW

The CD that accompanies the Daughter Board contains a thermal interface

demonstration application. All files pertaining to this demonstration are located in the

following folder on the CD: demo\Thermal Interface Demo.

As shown in Figure 3-1, this sample application uses the Daughter Board to perform

signal conditioning on the output of a K-type thermocouple, and uses the on-chip ADC

of the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device to convert the signal to a digital form.

The TC1047A temperature sensor IC on the Daughter Board is utilized to perform cold

junction compensation in the application software. In addition, the application software

uses the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) features of the dsPIC33F architecture to

perform averaging and linearization of the converted sensor output samples.

Finally , the application converts the linearized voltage to its corresponding temperature

equivalent, and displays this temperature in the Watch window and the Data Monitor

and Control Interface (DMCI) using the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator.

FIGURE 3-1: THERMAL INTERFACE DEMONSTRATION

AN9

AN8

Block

Averaging

Block

Averaging

Conditioned

Thermocouple

Signals

Conditioned

TC1047A

Signals

Cold Junction

Compensation

Linearization

and

Conversion to

Temperature

Data Monitor and

Control Interface

(MPLAB® REAL ICE™

dsPIC33FJ12GP202

in-circuit emulator)

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

The demonstration program consists of the following basic software elements:

• ADC Driver

• Averaging and Cold Junction Compensation Function

• Linearization

3.1.1 ADC Driver

The ADC driver reads the incoming signals from the thermocouple and the temperature

sensor IC (after signal conditioning by the differential amplifier and anti-aliasing filter)

on the 12-bit ADC channels AN9 and AN8, respectively. The source code file,

adcDrv1.c, contains the ADC initialization function initAdc1() as w ell as th e A DC

Interrupt Service Routine (ISR).

The thermocouple signal samples are stored in a 128-sample array named TC_Buff

and the TC1047A signal samples are stored in a 128-sample array named CJC_Buff.

3.1.2 Averaging and Cold Junction Compensation Function

The thermocouple samples stored in TC_Buff are added with the running sum being

accumulated in accumulator A. Similarly, accumulator B is used to add all of the

TC1047A samples stored in CJC_Buff. This accumulation is performed very efficiently

using a DO loop ins tr uction .

Note that the voltage generated by the thermocouple does not compensate for the

temperature of the cold junction (which refers to the ends of the thermocouple that are

plugged into the connector on the board). The temperature of the cold junction is

typically very close to the temperature of the board surface; therefore, the TC1047A

temperature sensor IC samples are used as the cold junction reference. Since

accumulators A and B now contain the running sum of the thermocouple and TC1047A

respectively, the two accumulators are added to each other using the 32-bit

accumulator-to-accumulator ADD instruction.

Finall y, the SAC instruction is utilized to store the result back into the variable

AverageVoltage. Moreover, as part of the accumulator write-back, the data is shifted

right by 7 bits, resulting in a division by 128. Therefore, the variable AverageVoltage

now contains the average cold-junction-compensated sensor voltage output.

3.1.3 Linearization

For many temperature sensors, including thermocouples, the sensor output does not

have an exact linear relationship to the physical quantity (temperature, in this case)

being measured. Therefore, the output voltage must be linearized. A common method

of linearizing sensor output voltages is to compute a standard polynomial. This

demonstration utilizes a standardized polynomial for K-type thermocouples, as shown

in Equation 3-1.

EQUATION 3-1: K-TYPE THERMOCOUPLE POLYNOM IAL

Since the voltages and higher-order coefficients are small in magnitude in this

application, the demonstration only computes a 2nd-order polynomial and neglects the

higher-order coefficients. This operation is performed by the Linearize() function in

the Linearize.s source file. Dual-operand DSP instructions such as MAC and MPY

have been utilized to compute this polynomial in only seven instruction cycles, and the

linearized result is stored in the variable LinearOut.

Finally , the main application converts the linearized voltage into a floating point variable

named Temperature, which provides the absolute temperature of the thermocouple

junction in degrees Celsius.

VO25.132785()VIN 60.883423()VIN2...+⋅–⋅=

Thermal Interface De monstr ation

3.2 HARDWARE SETUP

To use this demonstration, you will need the following hardware:

• Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

• Explorer 16 Development Board

• dsPIC33FJ12GP202 Plug-In Module (MA330015)

• PC running the foll owing software:

- MPLAB IDE software, version 8.10 or higher

- MPLAB C30 compiler, version 3.01 or higher

• MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emu l ator

• Any standard K-type thermocouple with a connector

Before programming or running the demonstration application, make the following

hardware connections:

1. Plug in a K-type thermocouple into the J1 socket of the Daughter Board.

2. Insert the Daughter Board into the J5 socket of the Explorer 16 Development

Board.

3. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, insert a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM.

4. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, make sure that switch S2 is set to the

PIM position and the jumper J7 is set to the PIC24 position.

5. Connect the Explorer 16 Development Board to the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit

emulator using an RJ-11 cable, and connect the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit

emulator to the PC using a USB cable.

6. Connect a 9V power supply to the Explorer 16 Development Board.

3.3 SOFTWARE SETUP

To program the demonstration application into the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device and set

up the required software tools, perform the following steps:

1. Open the demo\Thermal Interface Demo\Thermal_Demo.mcw

workspace in MPLAB IDE.

2. Select Pr oj ect >B ui ld All to compile and link the demonstration application

program. Make sure the code compiles and links with no errors.

3. If the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator is not enabled, enable it by selecting

Debugger>MPLAB REAL ICE. Make sure the PC connects to the MPLAB REAL

ICE in-circuit emulator and the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device is detected.

4. If the DMCI window is not open, open it by selecting Tools>Data Monitor and

Control Interface. The window should open with the Data Capture: LinearOut

graph highlighted in the Dynamic Data View tab (and the corresponding box

checked), as shown in Figure 3-2.

If you do not see this graph, click the Load Profile button at the bottom of the

DMCI window, browse to the demo\Thermal Interface Demo folder, and

open the Thermal_Demo.dmci file. This will load the characteristics and data

setup and format information for the graph.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

FIGURE 3-2: DMCI DYNAMIC DATA VIEW

5. If the Watch window is not open, open it by selecting View>Watch. You should

see the Temperature and LinearOut variables displayed with the blue and

brown diamonds visible in the Update column, as shown in Figure 3-3. If either

of the two diamonds is dimmed, you will need to right click and enable Runtime

Watch and Runtime Capture for the LinearOut variable.

Thermal Interface De monstr ation

FIGURE 3-3: WATCH WINDOW CONFIGURATION

6. Select Debugger>Program to program the demonstration application into the

dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.

3.4 RUNNING THE DEMONSTRATION

To run the demonstration and observe the results, perform the following steps:

1. While in MPLAB IDE, select Debugger>Reset to reset MPLAB REAL ICE

in-circuit emulator.

2. Select Debugger>Run to run the demonstration program.

3. Allow the program to run for a few seconds, and then halt program execution by

selecting Debugger>Halt.

4. You should see the temperature value displayed in the Watch window variable

Temperature. Note that a temperature close to 25 degrees Celsius is displayed

if the thermocouple junction is kept at room temperature.

5. If you see a significantly smaller or larger temperature value displayed, adjust the

R38 potentiometer screw using a small screwdriver and repeat steps 1-4 until

you see a temperature close to room temperature (i.e., 25ºC).

6. Repeat steps 1-3, but this time with the thermocouple junction either dipped in a

hot liquid, touching a warm surface, or simply held tightly between your fingers.

As long as the program is running, you should see the LinearOut va ri abl e

value in the Watch window continuously increasing and decreasing with

temperature. You should also see the corresponding graph in the DMCI window

rising and falling with temperature. On halting the program execution, you should

see the current temperature displayed in the Watch window.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

NOTES:

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Chapter 4. Linear Interface Demonstration

This chapter describes a simple program that demonstrates how to use the Daughter

Board to capture and process signals from any generic linear sensor through the linear

sensor interface.

4.1 DEMONSTRA T IO N OVER V IEW

The CD that accompanies the Daughter Board contains a linear interface demonstra-

tion application. All files pertaining to this demonstration are located in the following

folder on the CD: demo\Linear Interface Demo.

As shown in Figure 4-1, this sample application uses the Daughter Board to perform

signal conditioning on an incoming 3200 Hz sinusoidal signal, and uses the on-chip

ADC of the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device to convert the signal to a digital form. A

1700 Hz noise source is artificially added to the sampled signal in software, thereby

modeling the effect of narrowband noise on a sampled sensor signal.

In addition, the application software uses the DSP features of the dsPIC33F architec-

ture to filter out the 1700 Hz narrowband noise using a highly selective notch filter . The

filtering is performed using the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filtering function from the

DSP library, which is included with the MPLAB C30 compiler.

The noise-corrupted input signal (filter input) and the noise-free output signal (filter

output) are plotted on the Data Monitor and Control Interface (DMCI) using the MPLAB

REAL ICE in- cir c uit emulat or.

FIGURE 4-1: LINEAR INTERFACE DEMONSTRATION

The demonstration program consists of the following basic software elements:

•ADC Driver

• Notch Filt er

AN7

Data Monitor and Control Interface

(MPLAB® REAL ICE™

dsPIC33FJ12GP202

Conditioned 3200 Hz

Sinusoidal Signal

from Function Generator

Add 1700 Hz

Narrowband Noise

from Lookup Table

FIR Notch Filter

in-circuit emulator)

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

4.1.1 ADC Driver

The ADC driver reads the incoming signals from the linear interface (after signal

conditioning by the level shifter and anti-aliasing filter), on the 12-bit ADC channel AN7.

The source code file, adcDrv1.c, contains the ADC initialization function

initAdc1() as well as the ADC ISR.

Noise samples from the constant table NoiseSamples are added to successive input

samples, and the composite sample is then stored in a variable named

SignalNoiseIn.

4.1.2 Notch Filter

The Notch.s file contains the coefficients and other parameters of a 63-tap FIR filter

designed using the dsPIC DSC Filter Design tool. This filter has been designed to sup-

press narrowband (single-tone) noise at 1700 Hz while not attenuating the desired

3200 Hz signal. The filtered output sample is stored in a variable named SignalOut.

The actual filtering operation is performed using a pre-compiled function named FIR()

from the DSP library in the MPLAB C30 compiler. The DMCI utility in MPLAB REAL ICE

in-circuit emulator can be used to observe the filter input and output samples during run

time.

4.2 DEMONSTRATION HARDWARE SETUP

To use this demonstration, you will need the following hardware:

• Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail Plus Daughter Board

• Explorer 16 Development Board

• dsPIC33FJ12GP202 Plug-In Module (MA330015)

• PC running the followi ng software:

- MPLAB IDE software, version 8.10 or higher

- MPLAB C30 compiler, version 3.01 or higher

• MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emu l ator

• Any signal source such as a function generator that can generate a bipolar sinu-

soidal signal with its mid-point at 0V. For example, a Model 3001 Portable Audio

Generator from BK Precision was used for testing the linear interface. The signal

should be sufficiently attenuated (e.g., -20 dB) so as not to cause signal clipping

or saturation.

Before programming or running the demonstration application, make the following

hardware connections:

1. Connect the signal from the function generator (or other signal source) between

the positive and negative test points on the Linear Signal Connector J3 of the

Daughter Board.

2. Set up the function generator to generate a 3200 Hz sinusoidal signal. Adjust the

amplitude as needed.

3. On the Daughter Board, make sure the JP2 jumper is set to the 1-2 position (i.e.,

include the level shifter circuit in the signal path). Pin 1 of the jumper is indicated

by an arrow adjacent to the pin.

4. Insert the Daughter Board into the J5 socket of the Explorer 16 Development

Board.

5. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, insert a dsPIC33FJ12GP202 PIM.

6. On the Explorer 16 Development Board, make sure the switch S2 is set to the

PIM position and the jumper J7 is set to the PIC24 position.

7. Connect the Explorer 16 Development Board to the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit

emulator using an RJ-11 cable, and connect the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit

emulator to the PC using a USB cable.

8. Connect a 9V power supply to the Explorer 16 Development Board.

Linea r Interface De monstr ation

4.3 DEMONSTRATION SOF TWARE SETUP

To program the demonstration application into the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device and set

up the required software tools, perform the following steps:

1. Open the demo\Linear Interface Demo\Linear_Demo.mcw workspace

in MPLAB IDE.

2. Select Pr oj ect >B ui ld All to compile and link the demonstration application

program. Make sure the code compiles and links with no errors.

3. If the MPLAB REAL ICE in-circuit emulator is not enabled, enable it by selecting

Debugger>MPLAB REAL ICE. Make sure the PC connects to the MPLAB REAL

ICE in-cir cuit emulator and that the dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device is detected.

4. If the DMCI window is not open, open it by selecting Tools>Data Monitor and

Control Interface. This should open the DMCI window with the Data Capture:

SignalNoiseIn and Data Capture: SignalOut graphs highlighted (and the

corresponding boxes checked) in the Dynamic Data View tab.

If you do not see this graph, click the Load Profile button at the bottom of the

DMCI window, browse to the demo\Linear Interface Demo folder, and

open the Linear_Demo.dmci file. This will load the characteristics and data

setup and format information for the graph.

5. If the Watch window is not open, open it by selecting View>Watch. You should

see the SignalNoiseIn and SignalOut variables displayed with the

corresponding blue diamonds visible in the Update column, as shown in

Figure 4-2. If either of the two blue diamonds is dimmed, you will need to right

click and enable Runtime Capture for that particular variable.

FIGURE 4-2: WATCH WINDOW CONFIGURATION

6. Select Debugger>Program to program the demonstration application into the

dsPIC33FJ12GP202 device.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

4.4 RUNNING THE DEMONSTRATION

To operate the demonstration and observe the results, perform the following steps:

1. While in MPLAB IDE, select Debugger>Reset to reset MPLAB REAL ICE

in-circuit emulator.

2. Select Debugger>Run to run the demonstration program.

3. Allow the program to run for a few seconds, and then halt program execution by

selecting Debugger>Halt.

You should see the input and output signal sample values plotted on the two

graphs in the DMCI window. The plotting with stop after the DMCI's internal

8000-sample data buffer becomes full. However, due to the large number of data

points, the graph is not easy to analyze at this point. Therefore, the number of

data points needs to be reduced using steps 4 through 6.

4. Right click the SignalNoiseIn plot in the DMCI window and select Extended Func-

tions>Customization, as shown in Figure 4-3.

FIGURE 4-3: DMCI EXTENDED FUNCTIONS

Linea r Interface De monstr ation

5. In the Customization dialog box, choose the Selected radio button. Then, from

the list of data points, select the first 200 points as shown in Figure 4-4.

FIGURE 4-4: DMCI DATA CAPTURE CUSTOMIZATION

6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the SignalOut graph.

Now that only 200 signal samples are displayed on the plots, it should be appar-

ent that the SignalNoiseIn signal is a combination of two sinusoidal frequency

components as expected: the incoming 3200 Hz signal and the 1700 Hz noise

added in software. The SignalOut signal should resemble a relatively pure

3200 Hz sinusoidal signal. The expected appearance of the graphs is shown in

Figure 4-5.

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

FIGURE 4-5: FILTER INPUT AND OUTPUT SIGNALS

7. If the signal mid-point (DC level) has a significant offset from 0V, adjust the R30

potentiometer screw using a small screwdriver and repeat steps 1 through 6 until

you see a well-shaped pair of graphs, as shown in Figure 4-4. If the

SignalNoiseIn looks like a single 1700 Hz sinusoidal signal, check your function

generator output and increase its amplitude as needed. Otherwise, if the signals

look clipped or saturated, decrease the signal amplitude on your function

generator.

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Appendix A. Schematics and Layout

This appendix contains the layout and schematics for the Thermal/Linear Intelligent

Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board.

FIGURE A-1: THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD

LAYOUT

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

FIGURE A-2: THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD

SCHEMATIC (SHEET 1 OF 3)

Schematics and Layout

FIGURE A-3: THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD SCHEMATIC (SHEET 2 OF 3)

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail™ Plus Daughter Board

FIGURE A-4: THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS DAUGHTER BOARD SCHEMATIC (SHEET 3 OF 3)

THERMAL/LINEAR INTELLIGENT

SENSOR PICtail™ PLUS

DAUGHTER BOARD

Index

ADC Driver..........................................................18, 24

Averaging and Cold Junction

Compensati on Func ti on .......................................18

Customer Notification Service.................................... 5

Customer Support...................................................... 6

Documentation

Conventions........................................................ 3

Layout................................................................. 1

Hardware Components

16-bit 28-pin Starter Development Board

Connector (J2).................................... 13

Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for

Linear Signal (U5) .............................. 13

Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for

Tempera ture Sens or IC Signal (U6)... 13

Anti-Aliasing Low-Pass Filter for

Thermocouple Signal (U2) .................13

Differential Amplifier for Thermocouple

Signal (U3) ......................................... 13

Explorer 16 PICtail Plus Connector (J4)...........13

Jumper for Offset Calibration of Differential

Amplifier (J5) ...................................... 13

Jumper to Include or Bypass Level

Shifter (JP2) ....................................... 14

Level Shifter for Linear Signal (U7)................... 14

Linear Signal Connector (J3)............................ 14

Potentiometer for Differential Amplifier

Output Offset Adjustment (R38)......... 13

Potentiometer for Level Shifter

Adjustment (R30) ............................... 14

Thermocouple Connector (J1).......................... 14

Internet Address......................................................... 5

K-type Thermocouple Polynomial............................ 18

Level Shifter Operation ............................................16

Linear Interface Demonstration................................23

DMCI Data Capture Customization...................27

DMCI Extended Functions................................26

Filter Input and Output Signals .........................28

Hardware Setup................................................ 24

Running The Demonstration.............................26

Software Setup .................................................25

Watch Window Configuration............................25

Linear Sensor Signal Conditioning...........................16

Linearization.............................................................18

Microchip Internet Web Site.......................................5

Notch Filter...............................................................24

Reading, Reco mm en ded .. ..... ...... ...... ........................4

Schematics

Sheet 1 of 3.......................................................30

Sheet 2 of 3.......................................................31

Sheet 3 of 3.......................................................32

Temperature Sensor IC Signal Conditioning............15

Thermal Inte rfac e Demo nstrati on.............................17

DMCI Dynamic Data View ................................20

Hardware Setup................................................ 19

Running the Demonstration..............................21

Software Setup .................................................19

Watch Window Configuration............................21

Thermal/Linear Intelligent Sensor PICtail

Plus Daughte r Board................ ...... ..... ...... ..... ........8

Block Diagram...................................................15

Board Layout..................................................... 29

Hardware Components.....................................12

Setup...................................................................9

Thermoc oup le Sign al Cond iti oni ng............... ..... ......15

Warranty Regi stration .................. ..............................4

WWW Address...........................................................5

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