Cat.No.P17E-16
Ceramic Resonator
(CERALOCK
®
)
Murata
Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
Application Manual
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
Introduction
Ceramic resonators (CERALOCK®) are made of high
stability piezoelectric ceramics that function as a
mechanical resonator.
This device has been developed to function as a
reference signal generator and the frequency is
primarily adjusted by the size and thickness of the
ceramic element.
With the advance of the IC technology, various
equipment may be controlled by a single LSI integrated
circuit, such as the one-chip microprocessor.
CERALOCK® can be used as the timing element in most
microprocessor based equipment.
In the future, more and more applications will use
CERALOCK® because of its high stability non-
adjustment performance, miniature size and cost
savings. Typical applications include TVs, VCRs,
automotive electronic devices, telephones, copiers,
cameras, voice synthesizers, communication equipment,
remote controls and toys.
This manual describes CERALOCK® and will assist you
in applying it effectively.
* CERALOCK® is the brand name of these MURATA
products.
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
CONTENTS
1Characteristics and
Types of CERALOCK®
2Principles of CERALOCK®
3Specifications of
CERALOCK®
4Applications of
Typical Oscillation Circuits
5
Characteristics of
CERALOCK
®
Oscillation Circuits
6Application Circuits to
Various ICs/LSIs
7Notice
8
Appendix Equivalent Circuit
Constants of CERALOCK®
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK® — 02
1. General Characteristics of CERALOCK® ...................................02
2. Types of CERALOCK® .................................................................03
kHz Band CERALOCK® (CSBLA Series) ......................................03
MHz Band CERALOCK® with Built-in Load Capacitance
(CSTLS Series) .............................................................................04
Reflow Solderable kHz Band CERALOCK® (CSBFB Series) ........05
MHz Band Chip CERALOCK®
(CSACW/CSTCC/ CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series) ....................06
Principles of CERALOCK® ————————————— 8
1. Equivalent Circuit Constants ........................................................8
2. Basic Oscillation Circuits ...........................................................11
Specifications of CERALOCK® —————————— 14
1. Electrical Specifications .............................................................14
Electrical Specifications of kHz Band CSBLA Series ....................14
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Lead CERALOCK®
(CSTLS Series) .............................................................................15
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Chip CERALOCK®
(CSACW Series) (CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series) ........16
2. Mechanical and Environmental
Specifications of CERALOCK® ...................................................17
Applications of Typical Oscillation Circuits — 19
1. Cautions for Designing Oscillation Circuits .............................19
2. Application to Various Oscillation Circuits ...............................20
Application to C-MOS Inverter .......................................................20
Application to H-CMOS Inverter ....................................................21
Characteristics of
CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuits ———————— 22
1. Stability of Oscillation Frequency ..............................................22
2. Characteristics of the Oscillation Level ....................................23
3. Characteristics of Oscillation Rise Time ...................................24
4. Starting Voltage ...........................................................................25
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs —— 26
1. Application to Microcomputers ..................................................26
2. Application to Remote Control ICs ............................................29
3. Application to ICs for Office Equipment ....................................29
4. Other Kinds of Applications to Various ICs ..............................29
Notice ———————————————————————————— 30
Appendix Equivalent Circuit Constants of
CERALOCK® ————————————————— 31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
2
1
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK
®
1. General Characteristics of CERALOCK®
Ceramic resonators use the mechanical resonance of
piezoelectric ceramics. (Generally, lead zirconium
titanate: PZT.)
The oscillation mode varies with resonant frequency.
The table on the right shows this relationship.
As a resonator device, quartz crystal is well-known. RC
oscillation circuits and LC oscillation circuits are also
used to produce electrical resonance. The following are
the characteristics of CERALOCK®.
①High stability of oscillation frequency
Oscillation frequency stability is between that of
the quartz crystal and LC or RC oscillation circuits.
The temperature coefficient of quartz crystal is
10–6/°C maximum and approximately 10–3 to 10–4/°C
for LC or RC oscillation circuits. Compared with
these, it is 10–5/°C at –20 to +80°C for ceramic
resonators.
② Small configuration and light weight
The ceramic resonator is half the size of popular
quartz crystals.
③ Low price, non-adjustment
CERALOCK® is mass produced, resulting in low
cost and high stability.
Unlike RC or LC circuits, ceramic resonators use
mechanical resonance. This means it is not
basically affected by external circuits or by the
fluctuation of the supply voltage.
Highly stable oscillation circuits can therefore be
made without the need of adjustment.
The table briefly describes the characteristics of various
oscillator elements.
1
■Vibration Mode and Frequency Range
Frequency (Hz)
Vibration Mode
1
Flexural
mode
2
Length
mode
3
Area
expansion
mode
4
Radius
vibration
5
Shear
thickness
mode
6
Thickness
expander
mode
7
Surface
acoustic
wave
1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M 1G
■Characteristics of Various Oscillator Elements
Name Symbol Price Size Adjust-
ment
Oscillation
Frequency
Initial
Tolerance
Long-term
Stability
LC Inexpen-
sive Big
Required
±2.0% Fair
[Note] : ←—→show the direction of vibration
CR Inexpen-
sive Small
Required
±2.0% Fair
Quartz
Crystal Expen-
sive Big Not
required ±0.001% Excellent
Ceramic
Resonator
Inexpen-
sive Small Not
required ±0.5% Excellent
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
3
1
1
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
2. Types of CERALOCK®
kHz Band CERALOCK® (CSBLA Series)
The CSBLA series uses are a vibration mode of the
piezoelectric ceramic element. The dimensions of this
element vary with frequency. The ceramic element is
sealed in a plastic case and the size of the case also
varies with the frequency band. Washable products are
available in all the frequencies ; however, three
standard products (375 to 699kHz) are also made in less
expensive non-washable models.
■Part Numbering
❶Product ID
❷Frequency/No capacitance built-in
❸Structure/Size
❹Nominal Center Frequency
❺Type
E : Area Expansion mode,
J : Area Expansion mode (Closed Type)
❻Frequency Tolerance
2 : ±0.2%, 3 : ±0.3%, 5 : ±0.5%,
B : 1kHz, C : ±2kHz, Z : Others
❼Load Capacitance Value
❽Individual Specification
With standard products, " ❽ individual Specification" is
omitted, and " ❾ Package Specification Code" is carried up.
❾Packaging
–B0 : Bulk
(Ex.) CS
❶
B
❷
LA
❸
455K
❹
E
❺
C
❻
8
❼ ❽
-B0
❾
■Part Numbers and Dimensions of kHz Band
CERALOCK® (CSBLA Series) (Standard Products)
Part Number
CSBLA E
Non-Washable
Frequency (kHz)
375–429
Dimensions (in mm)
3.6
5.0
9.3
4.3
7.9
430–509
3.5
5.0
9.0
3.5
7.0
510–699
3.5
5.0
9.0
3.5
7.0
CSBLA J
Washable*
(Closed Type)
700–1250
2.2
2.5
6.0
3.5
5.0
∗Please consult Murata regarding ultrasonic cleaning conditions to avoid
possible damage during ultrasonic cleaning.
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
4
1
1Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
MHz Band CERALOCK® with Built-in Load
Capacitance (CSTLS Series)
As CSTLS series does not require externally mounted
capacitors, the number of components can be reduced,
allowing circuits to be made more compact.
The table shows the frequency range and appearance of
the three terminal CERALOCK® with built-in load
capacitance.
■Part Numbering
■Part Numbers and Dimensions of CERALOCK® with
Built-in Load Capacitance (CSTLS Series)
Part Number Frequency Dimensions (in mm)
CSTLS G 3.40–10.00MHz
2.5 2.5
5.53.5
8.0
3.0
CSTLS X 16.00–70.00MHz
2.5 2.5
6.53.5
5.5
3.0
❶Product ID
❷Frequency/Built-in Capacitance
❸Structure/Size
LS : Round Lead Type
❹Nominal Center Frequency
❺Type
G : Thickness Shear vibration,
X : Thickness Longitudinal Vibration (3rd overtone)
❻Frequency Tolerance
1 : ±0.1%, 2 : ±0.2%, 3 : ±0.3%, 5 : ±0.5%, D : DTMF,
Z : Others
❼Built-in Load capacitance
1 : 5pF, 3 :15pF, 4 : 22pF, 5 : 30pF, 6 : 47pF
❽Individual Specification
With standard products, " ❽ individual Specification" is
omitted, and " ❾ Package Specification Code" is carried up.
❾Packaging
–B0 : Bulk,
–A0 : Radial Taping H0=18mm Ammo Pack (Standard)
∗ 16.00−32.99MHz : 3.5
(Ex.) CS
❶
T
❷
LS
❸
4M00
❹
G
❺
5
❻
3
❼ ❽
-A0
❾
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
(in mm)
4.0±0.1
13.3±0.1
11.4±0.1
t0.3
3.5±0.1
(4.6 max.)
7.5±0.1
16.0±0.3
1.75±0.1
2.0±0.1
12.0±0.1
8.05±0.1
Direction of Feed
Cover Film
(3˚)
10˚
ø1.5±0.1
The cover film peel strength force 0.1 to 0.7N
The cover film peel speed 300mm/min.
■Dimensions of Carrier Tape for CSBFB Series (430 to 519kHz Type)
5
1
Reflow Solderable kHz Band CERALOCK®
(CSBFB Series)
Reflow solderable kHz band CERALOCK® (CSBFB
series) have been developed to meet down sizing and
S.M.T. (Surface Mount Technology) requirements.
❶Product ID
❷Frequency/No capacitance built-in
❸Structure/Size
❹Nominal Center Frequency
❺Type
J : Area Expansion mode (Closed type)
❻Frequency Tolerance
2 : ±0.2%, 3 : ±0.3%, 5 : ±0.5%,
B : ±1kHz, C : ±2kHz, Z : Others
❼Load Capacitance Value
❽Individual Specification
With standard products, " ❽ individual Specification" is
omitted, and " ❾ Package Specification Code" is carried up.
❾Packaging
–B0 : Bulk,
–R1 : Plastic Taping φ330mm Reel Package
■Part Numbering
Part Number *1
CSBFB J
Frequency (kHz)
430–519
Dimensions (in mm)
3.3
7.5
8.5
2.0
5.0
CSBFB J 700–1250*2
2.3
5.0
6.0
2.0
2.5
∗1 Please consult Murata regarding ultrasonic cleaning conditions to avoid
possible damage during Ultrasonic cleaning.
∗2 Not available for certain frequencies
• Different Dimensions of carrier tape in 700 to 1250kHz.
(Ex.) CS
❶
B
❷
FB
❸
500K
❹
J
❺
5
❻
8
❼ ❽
–R1
❾
1
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
■Dimensions of Reflow Solderable CERALOCK®
(CSBFB Series)
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
6
1
1Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
MHz Band Chip CERALOCK® (CSACW/CSTCC/
CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series)
The MHz band Chip CERALOCK® has a wide frequency
range and small footprint to meet further down sizing
and high-density mounting requirements.
The table shows the dimensions and two terminals
standard land patterns of the CERALOCK® CSACW
series.
The second table shows the dimensions and three
terminals standard land patterns of CSTCC/CSTCR/
CSTCE/CSTCW series chip resonator (built-in load
capacitance type). And the carrier tape dimensions of
CSTCR series are shown on the next page.
■Part Numbering
■Dimensions and Standard Land Pattern of Chip
CERALOCK® (CSACW Series)
Part Number Frequency (MHz) Dimensions
Standard Land Pattern (in mm)
20.01–70.00
2.5
2.0
1.0
0.5 0.5
2.0
0.80.8
2.0±0.2
0.30.3
CSACW X
❶Product ID
❷Frequency/No capacitance built-in
A : No Capacitance Built-in, T : Built-in Capacitance
❸Structure/Size
CC/CR/CE : Cap Chip Type, CW : Monolithic Chip Type
❹Nominal Center Frequency
❺Type
G : Thickness Shear Vibration,
V : Thickness Longitudinal Vibration,
X : Thickness Longitudinal Vibration (3rd overtone)
❻Frequency Tolerance
1 : ±0.1%, 2 : ±0.2%, 3 : ±0.3%, 5 : ±0.5%, Z : Others
❼Load Capacitance Value
(In case of CSACW, value is for external capacitance of
standard circuit)
1 : 5pF or 6pF, 2 : 10pF, 3 : 15pF, 5 : 33pF or 39pF,
6 : 47pF
❽Individual Specification
With standard products, " ❽ individual Specification" is
omitted, and " ❾ Package Specification Code" is carried up.
❾Packaging
–B0 : Bulk,
–R0 : Plastic Taping φ180mm Reel Package
∗1 Thickness varies with frequency.
(Ex.) CS
❶
T
❷
CR
❸
4M00
❹
G
❺
5
❻
3
❼ ❽
-R0
❾
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
7
1
■Dimensions and Standard Land Pattern of Chip
CERALOCK® (CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series)
Part Number Frequency (MHz)
2.00–3.99
Dimensions
Standard Land Pattern (in mm)
1.8
7.2
3.0
3.8~4.4
1.2 1.2
2.5 2.5
1.4 1.2 1.2
2.6
1.6
0.8
0.4
1.5 1.5
0.4 0.4
0.8 0.8
0.70.7
1.2
4.5
2.0
CSTCC G*2
4.00–7.99
CSTCR G*2
CSTCE G*2
CSTCE V*2
8.00–13.99
14.00–20.00
20.01–70.00
0.4
1.90 ~ 2.10
0.4 0.40.80.8
1.2 1.2
0.8
3.2
1.3
0.3 0.30.65 0.30.65
0.95 0.95
1.6
1.0
3.2
1.3
1.0
2.5
2.0
0.5 0.50.50.5
1.0 1.0
0.80.8
2.00±0.2
0.30.3
0.5
CSTCW X*2
∗1 Thickness varies with frequency
∗2 Conformal coating or washing of the components is not acceptable
because they are not hermetically sealed.
(in mm)
4.0±0.1 2.0±0.05
(9.5)
4.0±0.1
(3) (2) (1)
ø1.5W0.1
Y0
ø1.5W0.1
Y0
12.0±0.2
5.5±0.05 1.75±0.1
4.7±0.1
0.3±0.05
1.25±0.05
(1.85 max.)
2.2±0.1
Direction of Feed
(3˚)
10˚Cover Film
The cover film peel strength force 0.1 to 0.7N
The cover film peel speed 300mm/min.
■Dimensions of Carrier Tape for Chip CERALOCK®
CSTCR Series
1
Characteristics and Types of CERALOCK®
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
8
Impedance between Two Terminals Z=R+jx
(R : Real Component, X : Impedance Component)
Phase φ =tan-1X/R
Fig. 2-1 Symbol of the Two Terminal CERALOCK®
1. Equivalent Circuit Constants
Fig. 2-1 shows the symbol for a ceramic resonator. The
impedance and phase characteristics measured between
the terminals are shown in Fig. 2-2. This illustrates that
the resonator becomes inductive in the frequency zone
between the frequency Fr (resonant frequency), which
provides the minimum impedance, and the frequency Fa
(anti-resonant frequency), which provides the maximum
impedance.
It becomes capacitive in other frequency zones. This
means that the mechanical vibration of a two terminal
resonator can be replaced equivalently with a
combination of series and parallel resonant circuits
consisting of an inductor : L, a capacitor : C, and a
resistor : R. In the vicinity of the specific frequency
(Refer to Note 1 on page 10.), the equivalent circuit can
be expressed as shown in Fig. 2-3.
Fr and Fa frequencies are determined by the
piezoelectric ceramic material and the physical
parameters. The equivalent circuit constants can be
determined from the following formulas. (Refer to Note
2 on page 10.)
Considering the limited frequency range of Fr≦F≦Fa,
the impedance is given as Z=Re+j
ω
Le (Le≧0) as shown
in Fig. 2-4, and CERALOCK® should work as an
inductance Le (H) having the loss Re (Ω).
2Principles of CERALOCK®
Fr=1/2
� L1C1
Fa=1/2
� L1C1C0/(C1+C0)=Fr 1+C1/C0
(2-1)
(2-2)
(2-3)
Qm=1/2�FrC1R1
(Qm : Mechanical Q)
Symbol
Fig. 2-4 Equivalent Circuit of CERALOCK®
in the Frequency Band Fr≦F≦Fa
Re Le
R1 : Equivalent Resistance
L1 : Equivalent Inductance
C1 : Equivalent Capacitance
C0 : Parallel Equivalent Capacitance
Re : Effective Resistance
Le : Effective Inductance
Fig. 2-3 Electrical Equivalent Circuit of CERALOCK®
L1C1
C0
R1
Fig. 2-2 Impedance and Phase Characteristics of CERALOCK
®
104
103
102
10
90
0
-90
105
Frequency (kHz)Fr Fa
2
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
9
2
2
Principles of CERALOCK®
The table on this page shows comparison for the
equivalent constants between CERALOCK® and quartz
crystal oscillator.
In comparison, there is a large difference in capacitance
and Qm, which results in the difference of oscillating
conditions, when actually operated.
The table in the appendix shows the standard values of
equivalent circuit constant for each type of
CERALOCK®. Furthermore, other higher harmonic
modes exist, other than the desired oscillation mode.
These other oscillation modes exist because the ceramic
resonator uses mechanical resonance.
Fig. 2-5 shows those characteristics.
Fig. 2-5 Spurious Characteristics of CERALOCK®
1
1M
100k
10k
1k
100
10
1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
Thickness Vibration
Main Vibration
Frequency (MHz)
Frequency (MHz)
1 09876543210
403020100
Main Vibration
3rd Vibration
CSBLA455KC8–B0
CSTLS4M00G53–B0
■Comparison of Equivalent Circuits of CERALOCK® and Crystal Oscillator
Resonator
Oscillation Frequency
L1 (μH) C1 (pF) C0 (pF) R1 (Ω) Qm dF (kHz)
CERALOCK®
Crystal
455kHz
2.00MHz
4.00MHz
8.00MHz
453.5kHz
2.457MHz
4.00MHz
8.00MHz
7.68×103
1.71×103
0.46×103
0.13×103
8.60×106
7.20×105
2.10×105
1.40×104
16.7
4.0
3.8
3.5
0.015
0.005
0.007
0.027
272.8
20.8
19.8
19.9
5.15
2.39
2.39
5.57
10.1
43.9
9.0
8.0
1060
37.0
22.1
8.0
2136
475
1220
775
23000
298869
240986
88677
13
177.2
350.9
641.6
0.6
3
6
19
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
10
(Note 1)
The relationship between the size of the resonator
and the resonant frequency is described as follows.
For example, the frequency doubles if the thickness
doubles, when thickness vibration is used.
The following relationship is obtained when the
length of the resonators is ℓ, the resonance
frequency is Fr, the speed of sound waves travelling
through piezoelectric ceramics, and the wavelength
is λ.
Fr.ℓ = Const.
(frequency constant, Fr.t for the thickness)
λ = 2 ℓ
C = Fr.λ = 2Fr.ℓ
As seen in the above formula, the frequency
constant determines the size of the resonator.
(Note 2)
In Fig. 2-3, when resistance R1 is omitted for
simplification, the impedance Z (ω) between two
terminals is expressed by the following formula.
2
Fig. Ⅰ
2Principles of CERALOCK®
Amplitude
Range of
Standing
Wave
(Min.Amplitude) (Max.Amplitude)
Fig. Ⅱ
L
1
C
1
C0
1
jωC0( jωL1+ )
Z (ω) =
When ω =
1
jωC1
1
jωC0+ ( jωL1+ )
1
jωC1
j ( ωL1 – )
=
= ωr, Z (ωr) =0
1
ωC1
1 + – ω2 C0L1
C0
C1
1
L1C1
1
2� L1C1
When ω =
Therefore from ω =2�F,
Fr = ωr/2� =
1
2� C
0C1L1/(C0+C1)
Fa = ωa/2� = = Fr 1+
= ωa, Z (ωa) = ∞
1
C0C1L1/(C0+C1)
C1
C0
Notes
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
11
2
Principles of CERALOCK®
2
2. Basic Oscillation Circuits
Generally, basic oscillation circuits can be grouped into
the following 3 categories.
① Use of positive feedback
② Use of negative resistance element
③ Use of delay in transfer time or phase
In the case of ceramic resonators, quarts crystal
oscillators, and LC oscillators, positive feedback is the
circuit of choice.
Among the positive feedback oscillation circuit using an
LC, the tuning type anti-coupling oscillation circuit,
Colpitts and Hartley circuits are typically used.
See Fig. 2-6.
In Fig. 2-6, a transistor, which is the most basic
amplifier, is used.
The oscillation frequencies are approximately the same
as the resonance frequency of the circuit consisting of L,
CL1 and CL2 in the Colpitts circuit or consisting of L1
and L2 in the Hartley circuit. These frequencies can be
represented by the following formulas. (Refer to Note 3
on page 13.)
In an LC network, the inductor is replaced by a ceramic
resonator, taking advantage of the fact that the
resonator becomes inductive between resonant and anti-
resonant frequencies.
This is most commonly used in the Colpitts circuit.
The operating principle of these oscillation circuits can
be seen in Fig. 2-7. Oscillation occurs when the
following conditions are satisfied.
Loop Gain G =
α・β
≧1
Phase Amount (2-6)
θ
=
θ
1 +
θ
2 = 360°×n (n = 1, 2,…)
In Colpitts circuit, an inverter of
θ
1 = 180° is used, and
it is inverted more than
θ
2 = 180° with L and C in the
feedback circuit. The operation with a ceramic resonator
can be considered the same.
CL1 CL2
L
L1L2
C
fosc. =
(Hartley Circuit)
1
fosc. =
(Colpitts Circuit)
1
CL1 · CL2
CL1 + CL2 (2-4)
(2-5)
Fig. 2-6 Basic Configuration of LC Oscillation Circuit
Amplifier
1
Feedback Circuit
Feedback Ratio :
Phase Shift : 2
Fig. 2-7 Principle of Oscillation
Colpitts Circuit Hartley Circuit
Oscillation Conditions
Loop Gain G=
α · β
≧1
Phase Shift
θ
=
θ
1+
θ
2=360°×n
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
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• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
12
It is general and simple to utilize inverter for Colpitts
circuit with CERALOCK®.
Fig. 2-8 shows the basic oscillation circuit with inverter.
In open loop circuit by cutting at Ⓐ point, it is possible
to measure loop gain G and phase shift
θ
.
Fig. 2-9 shows the actual measuring circuit, and the
example of measuring result is shown in Fig. 2-10.
2
2Principles of CERALOCK®
A
CL1 CL2
Rf
CERALOCK®
Fig. 2-8 Basic Oscillation Circuit with inverters
CERALOCK®
IC
Rf
Vin
S.S.G
Vector
Volt
Meter
C1C2
Fig. 2-9 Measuring Circuit Network of Loop Gain and Phase Shift
Loop Gain (dB)
Frequency (MHz)
Phase (deg.)
Loop Gain (dB)
Frequency (MHz)
Phase (deg.)
Phase (Oscillation)
Gain
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
3.80
-90
-180
0
90
180
Phase (No Oscillation)
Gain
-40
0
40
3.80 4.003.90 4.10
4.00 4.20
4.20
3.90 4.10
-90
-180
0
90
180
Fig. 2-10 Measured Results of Loop Gain and Phase Shift
Loop Gain : G=
α
·
β
Phase Shift :
θ
1+
θ
2
CERALOCK®
CSTLS4M00G53–B0
VDD=+5V
CL1=CL2=15pF
IC : TC4069UBP
(TOSHIBA)
CERALOCK®
CSTLS4M00G53–B0
VDD=+2V
CL1=CL2=15pF
IC : TC4069UBP
(TOSHIBA)
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
13
2
Principles of CERALOCK®
2
(Note 3)
Fig. Ⅲ shows the equivalent circuit of an emitter
grounding type transistor circuit. In the figure, Ri
stands for input impedance, R0 stands for output
impedance and ß stands for current amplification
rate.
When the oscillation circuit in Fig. 2-6 is expressed
by using the equivalent circuit in Fig. Ⅲ, it
becomes like Fig. Ⅳ. Z1, Z2 and Z are as shown in
the table for each Hartley type and Colpitts type
circuit.
The following 3 formulas are obtained based on
Fig. Ⅳ.
As i1 ≠ 0, i2 ≠ 0, i3 ≠ 0 are required for continuous
oscillation, the following conditional formula can be
performed by solving the formulas of (1), (2) and (3)
on the current.
βR0Z1Z2=(Z1+Ri)Z2
2–{Z1(Z2+Z)+
R0Z1Z2=(Z2+Z+Z1)Ri}(Z2+R0) ………… (4)
Then, as Z1, Z2 and Z are all imaginary numbers,
the following conditional formula is obtained by
dividing the formula (4) into the real number part
and the imaginary number part.
(Imaginary number part)
Z1Z2Z+(Z1+Z2+Z)RiR0=0 ………… (5)
(Real number part)
βR0Z1Z2+Z1(Z+Z2)R0+
Z2(Z+Z1)Ri=0 ………………… (6)
Formula (5) represents the phase condition and
formula (6) represents the power condition.
Oscillation frequency can be obtained by applying
the elements shown in the aforementioned table to
Z1 Z2 and Z solving it for angular frequency
ω
.
………… (7)
………… (8)
In either circuit, the term in brackets will be 1 as
long as Ri and R0 is large enough. Therefore
oscillation frequency can be obtained by the
following formula.
…… (9)
… (10)
Fig. Ⅲ
R0
-
+
1
R0 1
R
Fig. Ⅳ Hartley/Colpitts Type LC Oscillation Circuits
Notes
1
2 3 1
R0
R
-
+R0 1
Z
Z2Z1
Hartley Type
Z1
Z2
Z
jωL1
jωL2
1 / jωC
Colpitts Type
1 / jωCL1
1 / jωCL2
jωL
(Hartley Type)
1
(L1L2) C{1+ }
L1 · L2
(L1 + L2) CR R0
(Colpitts Type)
· {1+
1
LCL1·CL2
CL1+CL2
}
L
(CL1+CL2) R R0
fosc. =
(Hartley Type)
1
fosc. =
(Colpitts Type)
1
CL1·CL2
CL1+CL2
β R0i1+(R0+Z2) i2–Z2i3=0 ……………………(1)
Z1i1+Z2i2–(Z2+Z+Z1) i3=0 ……………………(2)
(Z1+Ri) i1–Z1i3=0 ……………………………(3)
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
14
3Specifications of CERALOCK®
1. Electrical Specifications
The frequency stability of CERALOCK® is between that
of crystal and LC or RC oscillators. Temperature
stability is ±0.3 to ±0.5% against initial values within
-20 to +80°C. The initial frequency precision is
±0.5% for standard products. The frequency of the
standard CERALOCK® is adjusted by the standard
measuring circuit, but the oscillation frequency may
shift when used in the actual IC circuit. Usually, if the
frequency precision needed for clock signal of a 1 chip
microcomputer is approximately ±2 to 3% under
working conditions, CERALOCK® standard type can be
used in most cases. If exact oscillation frequency is
required for a special purpose, Murata can manufacture
the ceramic resonator for the desired frequency.
The following are the general electrical specifications of
CERALOCK®. (As for the standard measuring circuit of
oscillation frequency, please refer to the next chapter
“Application to Typical Oscillation Circuits”.)
Electrical Specifications of kHz Band CSBLA
Series
Electrical specifications of CSBLA series are shown in
the tables. The value of load capacitance (CL1, CL2) and
damping resistance (Rd) depend on the frequency. (The
initial frequency tolerance of standard CSBLA□J type
is ±0.5% max.)
■Frequency Specifications of CSBLA Series
Item
Part Number Frequency (kHz)
CSBLA Series
(with MOS IC/
H–CMOS IC)
375–699
700–1250
Initial Tolerance of
Oscillation
Frequency
±2kHz
±0.5%
Temperature Stability of
Oscillation Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
±0.3%
Oscillating
Frequency Aging
±0.3%
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
■Resonant Impedance Specifications of CSBLA Series
Frequency Range (kHz) Resonant Impedance (Ω max.)
0375–0450
0451–0504
0505–0799
0800–0899
0900–1099
1100–1250
120
130
140
160
100
120
V
DD
IC
Rd
IC
X
CL1 CL2
Output
IC : CD4069UBE(RCA)
IC : (MOS)
IC : TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA)
IC : (H-CMOS)
V
DD : +5V
X : CERALOCK®
CL1, CL2, Rd : Depends on frequency
:(cf. Fig. 4-2, 4-3)
3
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
15
3
3
Specifications of CERALOCK®
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Lead
CERALOCK® (CSTLS Series)
Electrical specifications of CSTLS series are shown in
the tables. Please note that oscillation frequency
measuring circuit constants of the CSTLS □G56 series
(with H-CMOS IC) depends on frequency.
■Resonant Impedance Specifications of
CSTLS/ Series
Type
Frequency Range (MHz)
Resonant Impedance (Ω max.)
CSTLS□G
CSTLS□X
13.40 — 03.99
14.00 — 07.99
18.00 — 10.00
16.00 — 32.99
33.00 — 60.00
60.01 — 70.00
150
130
125
150
140
150
MHz band three terminal CERALOCK® (CSTLS Series)
is built-in load capacitance.
Fig. 3-1 shows the electrical equivalent circuit.
The table shows the general specifications of the CSTLS
series. Input and output terminals of the three terminal
CERALOCK® are shown in the table titled Dimensions
of CERALOCK® CSTLS series in Chapter 1 on page 6.
But connecting reverse, the oscillating characteristics
are not affected except that the frequency has slight lag.
CSTLS Series
Fig. 3-1 Symbol of the Three Terminal CERALOCK®
■General Specifications CSTLS Series
Item
Part Number
Frequency
Range
(MHz)
CSTLS□G53/56
CSTLS□X
03.40—10.00
16.00—70.00
Initial Tolerance
Of Oscillation
Frequency
±0.5%
±0.5%
Temperature Stability
of Oscillation
Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
±0.2%*1
±0.2%
Oscillating
Frequency
Aging
±0.2%
±0.2%
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
V
DD
IC IC
XRd
(3)
(2)
(1)
C1C2
Output
IC : TC4069UBP*3
VDD : +5V
X : CERALOCK®
Rd : 680Ω*4
∗1 This value varies for built-in Capacitance
∗2 If connected conversely, there may occur a little frequency lag.
∗3 G56/X series : TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), CSTLS series (50.00–70.00MHz) : SN74AHCU04(TI)
∗4 This resistance value applies to the CSTLS□G56 series.
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
16
3Specifications of CERALOCK®
3
Electrical Specifications of MHz Band Chip
CERALOCK® (CSACW Series) (CSTCC/CSTCR/
CSTCE/CSTCW Series)
General specifications of chip CERALOCK® (CSACW
series) (CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW series) are
shown in the tables respectively.
Item
Part Number
Frequency Range
(MHz)
CSACW□X53
CSACW□X51
20.01—24.99
25.00—70.00
Initial Tolerance
of Oscillation
Frequency
±0.5%
±0.5%
Temperature Stability of
Oscillation Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
±0.2%
±0.2%
Oscillating
Frequency Aging
±0.1%
±0.1%
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
VDD
IC IC
X
CL1 CL2
Output
IC : TC74HCU04*(TOSHIBA)
VDD : +5V
X : Chip CERALOCK®
CL1, CL2 : This value varies for frequency.
■General Specifications of CSACW Series
Item
Part Number
Frequency Range
(MHz)
CSTCC□G2.00—03.99
Initial Tolerance
of Oscillation
Frequency
±0.5%
Temperature Stability of
Oscillation Frequency
(-20 to +80°C)
±0.3%*3
Oscillating
Frequency Aging
±0.3%
CSTCR□G
CSTCE□G
CSTCE□V
CSTCW□X
4.00—07.99
8.00—13.99
14.00—20.00
20.01—70.00
±0.5%
±0.5%
±0.5%
±0.5%
±0.2%
±0.2%
±0.3%
±0.2%
±0.1%
±0.1%
±0.3%
±0.1%
Standard Circuit for
Oscillation Frequency
V
DD
IC IC
X
(3)
(2)
(1)
C1C2
Output
*2
IC : TC4069UBP*1(TOSHIBA)
VDD : +5V
X : Chip CERALOCK®
■General Specifications of CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series
∗ X51 Series (50.00—70.00MHz); SN74AHCU04
∗1 V, X Series;TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), X Series (50.00—70.00MHz); SN74AHCU04(TI)
∗2 If connected with wrong direction, above specification may not be guaranteed.
∗3 This value varies for built-in Capacitance and Frequency.
■Resonant Impedance of CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/
CST(A)CW Series
Type
CSTCC□G
CSTCR□G
CSTCE□G
CSTCE□V
CSACW□X/CSTCW□X
Frequency Range (MHz)
02.00—02.99
03.00—03.99
04.00—05.99
06.00—07.99
08.00—10.00
10.01—13.99
14.00—20.00
20.01—24.99
25.00—29.99
30.00—60.00
60.01—70.00
Resonant Impedance (Ω max.)
80
50
60
50
40
30
40
80
60
50
60
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
17
2. Mechanical and Environmental Specifications of CERALOCK®
The tables show the standard test conditions of mechanical strength and
environmental specifications of CERALOCK®.
Fig. 3-2 shows the changes of oscillation frequency in each test, the table on the
next page shows the criteria after the tests, and Fig. 3-3 shows the reflow
soldering profile.
■Test Conditions for Standard Reliability of CERALOCK®
Item Conditions
1. Shock Resistance Measure after dropping from a height of
a
cm to
b
floor surface 3 times.
2. Soldering
Heat Resistance
Lead terminals are immersed up to 2.0 mm from the resonator's body in solder bath of
c
, and then the resonator shall be
measured after being placed in natural condition for 1 hour.*1
Reflow profile show in Fig. 3-5 of heat stress is applied to the resonator, then being placed in natural condition for 1 hour, the
resonator shall be measured.*2
3. Vibration Resistance Measure after applying vibration of 10 to 55Hz amplitude of 2 mm to each of 3 directions, X, Y, Z.
4. Humidity Resistance Keep in a chamber with temperature of
d
and humidity of 90 to 95% for
e
hours. Leave for 1 hour before measurement.
5. Storage at
High Temperature Keep in a chamber at 85±2°C for
e
hours. Leave for 1 hour before measurement.
6. Storage at
Low Temperature Keep in a chamber at
f
°C for
e
hours. Leave for 1 hour before measurement.
7. Temperature Cycling Keep in a chamber at -55°C for 30 minutes. After leaving at room temperature for 15 minutes, keep in a chamber at +85°C for 30
minutes, and then room temperature for 15 minutes. After 10 cycles of above, measure at room temperature.
8. Terminal Strength Apply 1 kg of static load vertically to each terminal and measure.
∗1 Applies to CERALOCK® Lead Type
∗2 Applies to MHz Band Chip CERALOCK®
1. CSBLA Series
Type
J
E
fosc.
700—1250kHz
375—0699kHz
a
100
075
b
concrete
concrete
c
350±10°C
350±10°C
d
60±2°C
40±2°C
e
1000
0500
f
−55±2°C
−25±2°C
2. CSTLS Series
Type
G
X
fosc.
03.40—10.00MHz
16.00—70.00MHz
a
100
100
b
concrete
concrete
c
350±10°C
350±10°C
d
60±2°C
60±2°C
e
1000
1000
f
−55±2°C
−55±2°C
3. CSACW Series
Type
X
fosc.
20.01—70.00MHz
a
100
b
wooden plate
c
—
d
60±2°C
e
1000
f
−55±2°C
4. CSTCC/CSTCR/CSTCE/CSTCW Series
Type
G
V
X
fosc.
02.00—13.99MHz
14.00—20.00MHz
20.01—70.00MHz
a
100
100
100
b
wooden plate
wooden plate
wooden plate
c
—
—
—
d
60±2°C
60±2°C
60±2°C
e
1000
1000
1000
f
−55±2°C
−55±2°C
−55±2°C
3
3
Specifications of CERALOCK®
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
18
3
1. Shock Resistance 2. Solder Heat Resistance 3. Vibration Resistance 4. Humidity Resistance
8. Terminal Strength
5. Storage at High Temperature 6. Storage at Low Temperature
7. Temperature Cycling
before test after test
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
before test after test
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
before test after test
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
100 1000 (time)
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
100 1000 (time)
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
100 1000 (time)
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
25 50 100
(cycle)
before test after test
(%)
0.1
0.05
fosc. 0
-0.05
-0.1
Fig. 3-2 General Changes of Oscillation Frequency in Each Reliability Test (CSTLS4M00G53–B0)
150
180
220
245
260
Gradual
Cooling
Peak
Pre-heating
(150 to 180°C)
Heating
(220°C min.)
60 to 120s 30 to 60s
Temperature (
°
C)
Fig. 3-3 Reflow Soldering Profile for MHz Band Chip
CERALOCK
®
■Deviation after Reliability Test
Item
Type Oscillation Frequency Others
Every Series within±0.2%*
(from initial value)
Meets the individual
specification of each
product.
3Specifications of CERALOCK®
∗ CSTCC Series : within±0.3%
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
19
1. Cautions for Designing Oscillation Circuits
As described in Chapter 2, the most common oscillation
circuit with CERALOCK® is to replace L of a Colpitts
circuit with CERALOCK®. The design of the circuit
varies with the application and the IC being used, etc.
Although the basic configuration of the circuit is the
same as that of a quartz crystal, the difference in
mechanical Q results in the difference of the circuit
constant.
This chapter briefly describes the characteristics of the
oscillation circuit and gives some typical examples.
It is becoming more common to configure the oscillation
circuit with a digital IC, and the simplest way to use an
inverter gate.
Fig. 4-1 shows the configuration of a basic oscillation
circuit with a C-MOS inverter.
INV. 1 works as an inverter amplifier of the oscillation
circuit. INV. 2 acts to shape the waveform and also acts
as a buffer for the connection of a frequency counter.
The feedback resistance Rf provides negative feedback
around the inverter in order to put it in the linear
region, so the oscillation will start, when power is
applied.
If the value of Rf is too large, and if the insulation
resistance of the input inverter is accidentally
decreased, oscillation will stop due to the loss of loop
gain. Also, if Rf is too great, noise from other circuits
can be introduced into the oscillation circuit.
Obviously, if Rf is too small, loop gain will be low. An Rf
of 1MΩ is generally used with a ceramic resonator.
Damping resistor Rd provides loose coupling between
the inverter and the feedback circuit and decreases the
loading on the inverter, thus saving energy.
In addition, the damping resistor stabilizes the phase of
the feedback circuit and provides a means of reducing
the gain in the high frequency area, thus preventing the
possibility of spurious oscillation.
Load capacitance CL1 and CL2 provide the phase lag of
180°.
The proper selected value depends on the application,
the IC used, and the frequency. If CL1 and CL2 values
are too low, the loop gain in the high frequency is
increased, which in turn increases the probability of
spurious oscillation.
This is particularly likely around 4 to 5 MHz, where the
thickness vibration mode lies, as shown in Fig. 2-5 when
using kHz band resonator.
4
Applications of Typical Oscillation Circuits
CL1 CL2
X
Rd
INV.1
IC IC
INV.2
V
DD
Output
Fig. 4-1 Basic Oscillation Circuit with C-MOS Inverter
IC : 1/6CD4069UBE(RCA)
X : CERALOCK®
CL1, CL2 : External Capacitance
Rd : Dumping Resistor
4
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
20
4Application to Typical Oscillation Circuit
42. Application to Various Oscillation Circuits
Oscillation frequency fosc. in this circuit is expressed
approximately by the following equation.
Where, Fr=Resonance frequency of CERALOCK®
Where, C1 : Equivalent series capacitance of
Where, C1 : CERALOCK®
Where, C0 : Equivalent parallel capacitance of
Where, C1 : CERALOCK®
Where, CL= CL1 CL2
Where, =L= CL1+CL2
This clearly shows that the oscillation frequency is
influenced by the loading capacitance. And caution
should be paid in defining its value when a tight
tolerance of oscillation frequency is required.
Application to C-MOS Inverter
For the C-MOS inverting amplifier, the one-stage 4069
C-MOS group is best suited.
The C-MOS 4049 type is not used, because the three-
stage buffer type has excessive gain, which causes RC
oscillation and ringing.
Murata employs the RCA (HARRIS) CD4069UBE as a
C-MOS standard circuit. This circuit is shown in
Fig. 4-2. The oscillation frequency of the standard
CERALOCK® (C-MOS specifications) is adjusted by the
circuit in Fig. 4-2.
fosc.=Fr 1+ (4-1)
C1
C0+CL
Fig. 4-2 C-MOS Standard Circuit
VDD
14
12
Rf
3 47
Rd
CERALOCK®
CL1 CL2
Output
Item
Part Number Frequency Rage VDD CL1
Circuit Constant
CSBLA Series
CSTLS□G53
375—0429kHz
430—0699kHz
700—1250kHz
03.40—10.00MHz
1+5V
1+5V
120pF
100pF
100pF
(15pF)
CL2
470pF
100pF
100pF
(15pF)
Rf
1MΩ
1MΩ
1MΩ
1MΩ
Rd
0
0
5.6kΩ
0
∗CSTLS
□
G53 series : TC4069UBP(TOSHIBA)
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21
Application to H-MOS Inverter
Recently, high speed C-MOS (H-CMOS) have been used
more frequently for oscillation circuits allowing high
speed and energy saving control for the microprocessor.
There are two types of H-CMOS inverters: the un-
buffered 74HCU series and the 74HC series with
buffers.
The 74HCU system is optimum for the CERALOCK®
oscillation circuit.
Fig. 4-3 shows our standard H-CMOS circuit.
Since H-CMOS has high gain, especially in the high
frequency area, greater loading capacitor (CL) and
damping resistor (Rd) should be employed to stabilize
oscillation performance. As a standard circuit, we
recommend Toshiba's TC74CU04, but any 74HCU04
inverter from other manufacturers may be used.
The oscillation frequency for H-CMOS specifications is
adjusted by the circuit in Fig. 4-3.
Fig. 4-3 H-CMOS Standard Circuit
VDD (+5V)
14
12
Rf
3 47
Rd
CERALOCK®
CL1 CL2
Output
∗ 50.00—70.00MHz : SN74AHCU04(TI)
4
4
Application to Typical Oscillation Circuit
Item
Part Number Frequency Rage CL1
Circuit Constant
CSBLA□E (J)
CSTLS□G56
0375~0429kHz
0430~0699kHz
0700~0999kHz
1000~1250kHz
03.40~10.00MHz
330pF
220pF
150pF
100pF
(47pF)
CL2
330pF
220pF
150pF
100pF
(47pF)
Rf
1MΩ
1MΩ
1MΩ
1MΩ
1MΩ
Rd
5.6kΩ
5.6kΩ
5.6kΩ
5.6kΩ
680Ω
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sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
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10.8.3
22
5
Fig. 5-1 Examples of Actual Measurement for the Stability of Oscillation Frequency (IC: TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), CERALOCK
®
: CSACW33M8X51–B0)
-40 040 80 120
Temperature (℃)
Max.
Min.
+0.50
+0.25
0
-0.25
-0.50
VDD = +5V
1 100
-0.25
-0.50
+0.25
0
+0.50
CL2/CL1
VDD = +5V
CL1 = 6pF Const.
110 1000
-0.25
-0.50
+0.25
0
+0.50
CL (pF)
VDD = +5V
2468
0
-0.25
-0.50
+0.25
+0.50
VDD (V)
1 100
-0.25
-0.50
+0.25
0
+0.50
CL1/CL2
VDD = +5V
CL2 = 6pF Const.
Starting Voltage
Temperature Characteristics Supply Voltage Characteristics
CL2 (CL1 = Constant) Characteristics
CL (CL1 = CL2) Characteristics
CL1 (CL2 = Constant) Characteristics
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
Oscillating Frequency Shift (%) Oscillating Frequency Shift (%)
1. Stability of Oscillation Frequency
This chapter describes the general characteristics of the basic
oscillation of Fig. 4-1 (page. 19). Contact Murata for detailed
characteristics of oscillation with specific kinds of ICs and LSIs.
Fig. 5-1 shows examples of actual measurements for stability
of the oscillation frequency.
The stability versus temperature change is ±0.1 to 0.5% within
a range of -20 to +80°C, although varies slightly depending on
the ceramic material.
Influence of load capacitance (CL1, CL2) on the oscillation
frequency is relatively high, as seen in formula (4-1) (P.20).
It varies approximately ±0.05% for a capacitance deviation of
±10%. The stability versus supply voltage is normally within
±0.05% in the working voltage range, although it varies with
the characteristics of the IC.
5
Characteristics of CERALOCK
®
Oscillation Circuit
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10.8.3
23
Fig. 5-2 Examples of Actual Measurement of Oscillating Amplitude (IC: TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), CERALOCK®: CSACW33M8X51–B0)
-40 0 40 80 120
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
+1.0
00110
-1.0
+2.0
+3.0
+4.0
+5.0
+6.0
+7.0
Temperature (℃)
V2L
V1L
V1H
V2H
VDD = +5V
2468
-1.0
0
+1.0
+2.0
+4.0
+3.0
+6.0
+5.0
+8.0
+7.0
+9.0
VDD (V)
V2H
V1H
V1L
V2L
V2H
V1H
V1L
V2L CL2/CL1
VDD = +5V
CL1 = 6pF Const.
+1.0
00110010
-1.0
+2.0
+3.0
+4.0
+5.0
+6.0
+7.0
V2H
V1H
V1L
V2L CL (pF)
VDD = +5V
0110
V2H
V1H
V1L
V2L CL1/CL2
VDD = +5V
CL2 = 6pF Const.
Temperature Characteristics of Oscillating Voltage Oscillating Voltage vs V
DD
Characteristics
CL2 (CL1 = Constant) Characteristics
CL (CL1 = CL2) Characteristics
CL1 (CL2 = Constant) Characteristics
+1.0
0
-1.0
+2.0
+3.0
+4.0
+5.0
+6.0
+7.0
Oscillating Level (V)
Oscillating Level (V)Oscillating Level (V)
Oscillating Level (V) Oscillating Level (V)
2. Characteristics of the Oscillation Level
Fig. 5-2 shows examples of actual measurements of the
oscillation level versus temperature, supply voltage and
load capacitance (CL1, CL2). The oscillating amplitude is
required to be stable over a wide temperature range,
and temperature characteristics should be as flat as
possible. The graph titled Supply Voltage
Characteristics in Fig. 5-2 shows that the amplitude
varies linearly with supply voltage, unless the IC has an
internal power supply voltage regulator.
5
5
Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuit
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10.8.3
24
5
5Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuit
3. Characteristics of Oscillation Rise Time
Oscillation rise time means the time when oscillation
develops from a transient area to a steady state
condition, at the time the power of the IC is activated.
With a CERALOCK®, this is defined as the time to
reach 90% of the oscillation level under steady state
conditions as shown in Fig. 5-3.
Rise time is primarily a function of the oscillation circuit
design. Generally, smaller loading capacitance, higher
frequency of ceramic resonator, and lower mechanical Q
of ceramic resonator cause a faster rise time. The effect
of load capacitance becomes more apparent as the
capacitance of the resonator decreases.
Fig. 5-4 shows how the rise time increases as the load
capacitance of the resonator increases. Also, Fig. 5-4
shows how the rise time varies with supply voltage.
It is noteworthy that the rise time of the ceramic
resistor is one or two decades faster than a quartz
crystal.
Fig. 5-5 shows comparison of rise time between the two.
Fig. 5-3 Definition of Rise Time
t=0
0.9ⅹVp-p
0V
ON
VDD
Vp-p
Rise Time Time
Fig. 5-4 Examples of Characteristics of Oscillation Rise Time
(IC: TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA),
CERALOCK®: CSACW33M8X51–B0)
Supply Voltage Characteristics
CL (CL1 = CL2) Characteristics
2
0
0.50
1.00
468
VDD (V)
0
0
0.50
1.00
1 10 100
CL (pF)
VDD = +5V
Rise Time (ms)Rise Time (ms)
Fig. 5-5 Comparison of the Rise Time of
a Ceramic Resonator vs. a Quartz Crystal
CRYSTAL
(33.868MHz)
CSACW33M8X51–B0
IC : TC74HCU04AP(TOSHIBA)
VDD=+5V, CL1=CL2=6pF
↑ 2.0V/div.
→0.1msec./div.
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10.8.3
25
4. Starting Voltage
Starting voltage means the minimum supply voltage at
which an oscillation circuit can operate. Starting voltage
is affected by all the circuit elements, but it is
determined mostly by the characteristics of the IC.
Fig. 5-6 shows an example of an actual measurement for
the starting voltage characteristics against the loading
capacitance.
Fig. 5-6 Starting Voltage Characteristics against CL (CL1=CL2)
(IC: TC74HCU04(TOSHIBA), CERALOCK®:
CSACW33M8X51–B0)
0
0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
1 10 100
CL (pF)
VDD = +5V
Starting Voltage (V)
5
5
Characteristics of CERALOCK® Oscillation Circuit
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26
6
1. Application to Microcomputers
CERALOCK®, by making good use of the above mentioned features, is used in a
wide range of applications to various kinds of ICs.
The following are a few examples of actual applications.
CERALOCK® is optimum for a stable oscillation element
for various kinds of microcomputers : 4-bit, 8-bit and
16-bit.
With the general frequency tolerance required for the
reference clock of microcomputers at ±2 to ±3%,
standard CERALOCK® meets this requirement. Please
consult with MURATA or LSI manufacturers about the
circuit constants, because these constants vary with
frequency and the LSI circuit being used.
Fig. 6-1 to 6-5 show applications to various kinds of
4-bit microcomputers, Fig. 6-6 to 6-8 show application to
8-bit microcomputers, and Fig. 6-9 to 6-10 show
application to 16bit and 32bit microcomputers.
6
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
Fig. 6-1 Application to MN15G1601 (Panasonic)
4, 12
13
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
IC : MN15G1601
V
DD
(+5V)
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
C1C2
8 9
Fig. 6-2 Application to TMP47C443N (TOSHIBA)
28
3-27
IC : TMP47C443N
VDD (+5V)
CSTCR4M00G53–R0
C1C2
2 1
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
Fig. 6-3 Application to M34524MC-xxxFP
(Renesas Electronics)
25
L
IC : M34524MC–xxxFP
VDD (+5V)
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
L : 21, 24, 28, 29
CSTCR4M00G53–R0
C1C2
22 23
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10.8.3
27
21, 24
22 23 L
IC : PD753108
VDD (+5V)
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1C2C1=47pF
C2=47pF
L : 2, 3, 4, 9, 18, 19
Fig. 6-5 Application to LC65F1156A (SANYO)
10 27,28
L
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
L : 1–7, 16–20, 25, 26, 29,
30
IC : LC65F1156A
VDD (+5V)
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1C2
8 9
Fig. 6-4 Application to µPD753108 (Renesas Electronics)
Fig. 6-6 Application to TMP87C809BN (TOSHIBA)
10 27,28
L
C1=47pF
C2=47pF
L : 1–7, 16–20, 25, 26, 29,
30
IC : LC65F1156A
VDD (+5V)
CSTLS4M00G56–B0
C1C2
8 9
Fig. 6-7 Application to µPD780032A (Renesas Electronics)
10, 24, 25 36
9, 25, 42
VDD (+5V)
C1=10pF
C2=10pF
CSTCE8M00G52-R0
C1C2
41 40
6
6
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
Fig. 6-8 Application to M38039MF-xxxFP
(Renesas Electronics)
57
18, 19, 24, 58, 59
IC : M38039MF-xxxFP
VDD (+5V)
CSTLS8M00G53–B0
C1C2
22 23
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
Fig. 6-9 Application to HD64F2268
(Renesas Electronics)
H
L6365
IC : HD64F2268
VDD (+5V)
C1=10pF
C2=10pF
H : 12, 54, 57, 61, 62
L : 14, 42, 60, 64
CSTCE12M0G52-R0
C1C2
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10.8.3
28
6Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
6
Fig. 6-10 Application to M30221M4-xxxFP
(Renesas Electronics)
16 54 56H
L
IC : M30221M4-xxxFP
VDD (+5V)
C1C2
22 20
C1=10pF
C2=10pF
H : 20, 51, 52, 76, 120
L : 13, 18, 49, 50, 53, 55,
78, 117
RESET : 16
CSTCE10M0G52-R0
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10.8.3
29
2. Application to Remote Control ICs
Remote controllers have become an increasingly more
popular feature in TVs, stereos, VCRs, and air
conditioners.
Fig. 6-11 shows example of CERALOCK® in remote
control transmission ICs. Oscillation frequency is
normally 3.2M to 4MHz, with 3.64MHz being the most
popular. This 3.64MHz is divided by a carrier signal
generator, so that a carrier of approximately 38kHz is
generated.
Fig. 6-11 Application to µPD65 (Renesas Electronics)
H
L
V
DD
(+3V)
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
H : 6, 10
L : 3, 9, 12, 13, 14
CSTLS3M64G53–B0
C1C2
8 7
6
6
Application Circuits to Various ICs/LSIs
3. Application to ICs for Office Equipments
With the applications of ICs in office machines, many
CERALOCK®s are used for motor drivers/controllers/
digital signal processor (D.S.P.) in CD's ICs. Fig. 6-12
shows application example. It is believed that this type
of application will increase in the future.
Fig. 6-12 Application to LC78646E (SANYO)
(CD Digital Signal Processor)
Rd
H2
VDD1 (+5V)
H1
VDD2 (+3.3V)
L
IC : LC78646E
CSTCE16M9V53–R0
C1C2
49 48
4. Other Kinds of Applications to Various ICs
Other than the above mentioned uses, CERALOCK® is
widely used with ICs for voice synthesis.
Fig. 6-13 shows example of voice synthesis.
We can provide CERALOCK® application data for many
ICs which are not mentioned in this manual. Please
consult us for details.
Fig. 6-13 Application to ICs for Voice Synthesis MSM6650GS (OKI)
8, 9
V
DD
(+5V)
: 15, 29, 64
GND : 6, 7, 14, 16, 20
220pF
GND
IC : MSM6650GS
CSTLS4M09G53–B0
C1C2
8 9
C1=15pF
C2=15pF
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sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
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10.8.3
30
7
7Notice
■Notice (Soldering and Mounting)
Please contact us regarding ultrasonic cleaning
conditions to avoid possible damage during ultrasonic
cleaning.
■Notice (Storage and Operating Conditions)
・ Please do not apply excess mechanical stress to the
component and lead terminals at soldering.
■Notice (Rating)
The component may be damaged if excess mechanical
stress is applied.
■Notice (Handling)
・ Unstable oscillation or oscillation stoppage might
happen when CERALOCK® is used in an improper
way in conjunction with ICs. We are happy to evaluate
the application circuit to avoid this for you.
・ Oscillation frequency of our standard CERALOCK® is
adjusted with our standard measuring circuit. There
could be slight shift in frequency other types of IC are
used. When you require exact oscillation frequency in
your application, please contact us.
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
• This PDF catalog has only typical specifications because there is no space for detailed specifications. Therefore, please approve our product specifications or transact the approval sheet for product specifications before ordering.
Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
31
8
8
Appendix Equivalent Circuit Constants of CERALOCK
®
(The equivalent circuit constants are not the guaranteed value but the standard value.)
Equivalent
Constant
Part Number
CSBLA400KECE-B0
CSBLA455KEC8-B0
CSBLA500KEC8-B0
CSBLA600KEC8-B0
CSBLA700KJ58-B0
CSBLA1M00J58-B0
CSBLA1M20J58-B0
CSBLA456KE2ZF11-B0
CSBLA456KE2ZF14-B0
CSBLA500KECZF02-B0
CSBLA500KECZF09-B0
CSBLA503KECZF02-B0
CSTLS4M00G53-B0
CSTLS6M00G53-B0
CSTLS8M00G53-B0
CSTLS10M0G53-B0
CSTLS16M0X55-B0
CSTLS20M0X53-B0
CSTLS24M0X53-B0
CSTLS27M0X51-B0
CSTLS32M0X51-B0
CSTLS33M8X51-B0
CSTLS36M0X51-B0
CSTLS40M0X51-B0
CSTLS50M0X51-B0
388.5
443.9
487.2
586.5
683.5
978.5
1179.6
436.6
435.9
506.1
489.0
509.5
3784.4
5710.9
7604.7
9690.1
15972.9
19959.2
23955.8
27024.3
31918.4
33777.8
36033.6
39997.7
49946.3
402.4
457.3
503.2
604.2
706.5
1013.3
1220.8
457.9
457.4
549.8
543.9
554.0
4135.3
6199.5
8246.3
10399.1
16075.0
20070.8
24095.9
27172.8
32092.6
33969.7
36241.1
40240.1
50193.1
13.9
13.4
16.0
17.7
23.0
34.7
41.2
21.2
21.5
43.7
55.0
44.6
350.9
488.6
641.6
709.0
102.1
111.6
140.2
148.5
174.2
191.9
207.6
242.7
246.8
6.2
10.1
8.5
11.8
11.1
13.7
45.4
11.4
11.0
8.5
27.9
8.5
9.0
7.5
8.0
7.0
24.6
19.0
16.6
15.9
13.4
25.6
13.4
15.8
27.6
6.7041
7.6800
7.1632
6.1860
5.3876
4.4407
4.5330
4.1631
3.9472
1.3209
0.9089
1.2460
0.4611
0.2381
0.1251
0.0984
0.6572
0.4858
0.4205
0.3638
0.2481
0.2561
0.2260
0.2301
0.1856
25.0462
16.7421
14.9069
11.9121
10.0678
5.9576
4.0184
31.9247
33.7848
74.8959
116.5686
78.3331
3.8377
3.2635
3.5030
2.7448
0.1511
0.1309
0.1050
0.0953
0.1002
0.0867
0.0863
0.0688
0.0547
344.3647
272.7610
222.8248
194.2629
146.8621
82.4807
56.4891
320.3785
333.5176
415.5858
490.9133
429.0170
19.7730
18.2899
19.9175
18.0899
11.7835
11.6716
8.9440
8.6486
9.1542
7.6093
7.4700
5.6544
5.5234
2650
2136
2619
2140
2158
2009
780
1006
989
496
100
474
1220
1135
775
947
2681
3203
3805
3877
3716
2120
3821
3651
2107
Fr (kHz) Fa (kHz) ∆F (kHz) R1 (Ω)L1 (mH) C1 (pF) C0 (pF) Qm
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
sales representatives or product engineers before ordering.
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Note P17E.pdf
10.8.3
• This PDF catalog is downloaded from the website of Murata Manufacturing co., ltd. Therefore, it’s specifications are subject to change or our products in it may be discontinued without advance notice. Please check with our
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10.8.3
