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DS9101-01 April 2011 www.richtek.com
RT9101
Application information
The RT9101 is a fully differential a mplifier with differential
inputs a nd outputs. The R T9101 integrates a differenti al
amplifier and a common mode voltage controller. The
differential amplifier ensures that the amplifier outputs a
differential voltage on the output that is equal to the
differential input times the gain. The RT9101 can support
differenti al input and single ended input a pplications.
Components Selection
Input Resistors (RI)
Amplifier ca n be resistors and the gain can be calculated
as the f ollowing equation :
Resistor matching is very important in fully differential
amplifiers. The balance of the output on the reference
voltage depends on matched ratios of the input resistors.
CMRR, PSRR, and the cancellation of the second
harmonic distortion diminish if resistor mismatch occurs.
Therefore, it is recommended to use 1% tolerance or better
resistors to keep the performance opti mized.
The input resistors should be placed very close to the
RT9101 to limit noise injection on the high impedance
nodes. It is recommended to set the gain at 2V/V or lower
for better performance.
Decoupling Capacitor
The RT9101 is a high performance Class-D audio amplifier
that requires adequate power supply decoupling to ensure
the eff iciency is high and total harmonic distortion (THD)
is low. For higher frequency tra n sients, spikes, or digital
ha sh on the line, a good low Equivalent-Series-Resistance
(ESR) ceramic capacitor, typically 1μF, placed as close
as possible to the VDD pin can achieve the best
performance. Placing this decoupling capacitor close to
the RT9101 is very important for the efficiency of the Cla ss-
D amplifier , be cause a ny re sista nce or inductance in the
tra ce between the device and the capa citor can cause a
loss in efficiency. For filtering lower frequency noise
signals, it is recommended to use a 10μF or greater
ca pacitor placed near the audio power amplifier .
Input Capacitor
In the typical a pplication, a n input coupling ca p acitor (CI)
is required to allow the input signal to the proper dc level
for optimum operation.
However, the RT9101 is a fully differential amplifier with
good CMRR so that the RT9101 does not require input
coupling ca pacitors if using a differential input source that
is biased from 0.5 V to VDD − 0.8 V. Use 1% tolera nce or
better gain-setting resistors if input coupling capacitors
are not used.
In the single-ended input application, an input capa citor,
(CI), is required to allow the amplifier to bias the input
signal to the proper dc level. In this ca se, CI and RI form a
high-pa ss filter with the corner frequency a s shown in the
following equation :
CII
1
f2RC
π
=
f (Hz )
fC
-3dB
Gain (dB)
The value of CI is important to consider a s it directly affects
the bass (low frequency) performance of the circuit. For
exa mple, the flat bass response requirement is 10 Hz a nd
RI is 20kΩ, the value of CI can be calculated by the
following equation :
IIC
1
C2Rf
π
=
In this example, CI is 0.8μF. A ca p a cita nce1μF or larger
ca n be used.
Under Voltage Lockout
The under voltage lock out circuit operates as a voltage
detector and always monitors the supply voltage (VDD)
while SHND = 1. While powered on, the chip is kept still
in shutdown mode until VDD rises to greater than 2.2V
(typ). While powered off, the chip does not leave operation
mode until VDD falls to less than 2.1V (typ).
I
2 x 150k
Gain = RΩ