Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix Programmable Duty Cycle Controller DESCRIPTION FEATURES The Si9118/Si9119 are a BiC/DMOS current-mode pulse width modulation (PWM) controller ICs for high-frequency dc/dc converters. Single-ended topologies (forward and flyback) can be implemented at frequencies up to 1 MHz. The controller operates in constant frequency mode during the full load and automatically switches to pulse skipping mode under light load to maintain high efficiency throughout the full load range. The maximum duty cycle is easily programmed with a resistor divider for optimum control. The push-pull output driver provides high-speed switching to external MOSPOWER devices large enough to supply 50 W of output power. Shoot-through current for internal push-pull stage is almost eliminated to minimize quiescent supply current. The push-pull output driver provides high-speed switching to external MOSPOWER devices large enough to supply 50 W of output power. Shoot-through current for internal push-pull stage is almost eliminated to minimize quiescent supply current. The high-voltage DMOS transistor permits direct operation from bus voltages of up to 200 V. Other features include a 1.5 % accurate voltage reference, 2.7 MHz bandwidth error amplifier, standby mode, soft-start and undervoltage lockout circuits. The Si9118/Si9119 are available in both standard and lead (Pb)-free packages. * 10 to 200 V Input Range * Current-Mode Control * Internal Start-Up Circuit * Buffer Slope Compensation Voltage * Soft-Start * 2.7 MHz Error Amp * 500 mA Output Drive Current * Light Load Frequency Fold-Back * Low Quiescent Current * Programmable Maximum Duty Cycle, with 80 % as Default FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM LIMIT 5 6 Error Amplifier NI 4 3 VREF 10 2 11 PWM OSC 8 ROSC COSC Ref Gen 100 mV Pulse Skip + EN - IMAX 7 600 mV R 15 Q DR S + - 14 -VIN +VIN 13 - + 23A VCC MAX 9 1.0 - 2.0 V + - - + 4.6 V SS/EN SYNC (Si9119) 12 CS -V IN Substrate 16 1 - - + Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 + - + 8.6 V 9.3 V (VREG) Undervoltage Lockout www.vishay.com 1 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25 C, unless otherwise noted) Parameter Symbol Limit Voltage Reference VCC to VIN 18 +VIN ( Note: VCC < + VIN + 0.3 V) 200 Unit Logic Input (SYNC) - 0.3 to Vcc + 0.3 Linear Input (FB, ICS, ILIMIT, SS/EN) - 0.3 to Vcc + 0.3 V 5 HV Pre-Regulator Input Current (continuous) mA Storage Temperature - 65 to 150 Operating Temperature - 40 to 85 C DMAX 3.2 V Junction Temperature (TJ) 150 C Power Dissipation (Package)a 16-Pin SOIC (Y Suffix)b 900 mW Thermal Impedance (JA) 16-Pin SOIC 140 C/W Notes: a. Device mounted with all leads soldered or welded to PC board. b. Derate 7.2 mW/C above 25 C. * Exposure to Absolute Maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Stresses above Absolute Maximum rating may cause permanent damage. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum rating should be applied at any one time. RECOMMENDED OPERATING RANGE Parameter Limit Unit Voltage Reference Vcc to VIN 10 to 16.5 +VIN 10 to 200 fOSC 40 kHz to 1 MHz ROSC 56 k to 1 M COSC 47 to 200 pF Linear Inputs 0 to Vcc - 4 V Digital Inputs 0 to Vcc V V SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Symbol Limits D Suffix - 40 to 85 C Test Conditions Unless Otherwise Specified - VIN = 0 V, VCC = 10 V Temp.a Min. Typ.b Max. OSC Disabled, TA = 25 C Room 3.94 4.0 4.06 Full 3.88 4.0 4.12 Unit Reference Output Voltage VREF OSC Disabled, Over Voltage and Temperature Ranges Short Circuit Current Load Regulation www.vishay.com 2 c V ISREF VREF = -VIN - 30 -5 mA VR/IR IREF = 0 to - 1mA 10 40 mV Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Unless Otherwise Specified - VIN = 0 V, VCC = 10 V Limits D Suffix - 40 to 85 C Temp.a Min. Typ.b Max. ROSC = 374 k COSC = 200 pF 90 100 110 ROSC = 70 k COSC = 200 pF 450 500 550 1 2 % 200 500 ppm/C Unit Oscillator Initial Accuracyd fOSC fOSC Voltage Stabilityc Temperature Coefficientc c f/f OSC TC kHz ROSC = 70 k COSC = 200 pF f/f = [f(16.5 V) - f(9.5 V)] / f(9.5 V) - 40 TA 85 C, fOSC = 100 kHz Sync High Pulse Width (Si9119) 200 Sync Low Pulse Width (Si9119) 200 ns Sync Rise/Fall Time (Si9119) 200 Sync Logic Low (Si9119) VIL Sync Logic High (Si9119) VIH 4 Sync Rangec (Si9119) fEXT 1.05 x fOSC PWM/PSM Logic High VIH 4 PWM/PSM Logic Low VIL 0.8 V kHz PWM/PSM V 0.8 DMAX Accuracy fOSC = 100 kHz with 1 % Resistor 10 VFB = 5 V, NI = VREF < 1.0 200 nA 5 25 mV % Error Amplifier (OSC Disabled) Input BIAS Current IFB Input OFFSET Voltage VOS2 Open Loop Voltage Gainc AVOL 65 80 dB Unity Gain Bandwidthc BW 1.8 2.7 MHz - 1.0 - 2.7 IOUT Source (VFB = 3.5 V, NI = VREF) Output Current Sink (VFB = 4.5 V, NI = VREF) 1.0 2.4 10 V VCC 16.5 V 50 80 Power Supply Rejection PSRR mA dB Pre-Regulator/Start-up Input Voltagec +VIN IIN = 10 A Room Input Leakage Current +IIN VCC 10 V Room Pre-Regulator Start-Up Current ISTART Pulse Width 300 s, VCC = VULVO Room 8 15 VCC Pre-Regulator Turn-Off Threshold Voltage VREG IPRE_REGULATOR = 15 A Room 8.7 9.3 9.8 Undervoltage Lockout VUVLO Room 8.0 8.6 9.3 V VREG - VUVLO VDELTA Room 0.3 0.7 3.0 mA 200 V 10 A mA Supply Supply Current Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 ICC CLOAD 50 pF, fOSC = 100 kHZ 1.9 www.vishay.com 3 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Unless Otherwise Specified - VIN = 0 V, VCC = 10 V Limits D Suffix - 40 to 85 C Temp.a Min. Typ.b Max. Unit 0.5 0.6 0.7 V 77 100 ns - 12 - 23 - 30 A 0.5 1.26 80 100 120 Room Full Room Full 20 25 0.3 0.5 30 50 Room 40 75 Room 40 75 Protection Current Limit Treshold Voltage c Current Limit Delay to Output Soft-Start Current Output Inhibit Voltage Pulse Skipping Threshold Voltage VI(Limit) VFB = 0, NI = VREF td VSENSE 0.85 V, See Figure 1 ISS VSS(off) Soft-Start Voltage to Disable Driver Output VPS V mV Mosfet Driver Room Full Output High Voltage VOH IOUT = - 10 mA Output Low Voltage VOL IOUT = 10 mA Output Resistancec ROUT IOUT = 10 mA, Source or Sink Rise Timec Fall Time c tr VCC - 0.3 VCC - 0.5 CL = 500 pF tr V ns Notes: a. Room = 25 C, Full = as determined by the operating temperature suffix. b. Typical values are for DESIGN AID ONLY, not guaranteed nor subject to production testing. c. Guaranteed by design, not subject to production test. d. CSTRAY 5 pF on COSC Stresses beyond those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. TIMING WAVEFORMS tr 10 ns 0.85 Current Sense 50 % 0 td Output VCC 90 % 0 Figure 1. www.vishay.com 4 Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25 C, unless noted) 200 2 x 1000 47 pF tr for CL = 2500 pF Output Rise and Fall Time (ns) f OUT (kHz) 100 pF 150 pF 200 pF 2 x 100 Note: These curves were measured in a board with 3.5 pF of external parasitic capacitance. 150 tf for CL = 2500 pF 100 tr for CL = 1000 pF tf for CL = 1000 pF 50 tr 10 % to 90 % tf 90 % to 10 % 2 x 10 0 10 100 rOSC - Oscillator Resistance (k ) 1000 9 Oscillator Frequency 16 17 12 VCC = 12 V COSC = 47 pF ROSC = 127 k COSC = 47 pF fs = 500 kHz I CC - Supply Current (mA) 28 I CC - Supply Current (mA) 11 12 13 14 15 VCC - Supply Voltage (V) Output Driver Rise and Fall Time 36 32 10 24 CL = 2500 pF 20 16 CL = 1000 pF 12 8 CL = 0 pF 9 CL = 1000 pF 6 3 CL = 0 pF 4 0 0 200 400 600 800 fOUT - Output Frequency (kHz) 0 1000 9 Supply Current vs. Output Frequency 10 11 12 13 14 15 VCC - Supply Voltage (V) 16 17 Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage 1.05 ROSC = 56 k COSC = 100 pF Switching Frequency (MHz) 1.00 0.95 0.90 0.85 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 VCC - Supply Voltage (V) 16 17 Switching Frequency vs. Supply Voltage Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 www.vishay.com 5 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND ORDERING INFORMATION +VIN 1 16 VCC PWM/PSM 2 15 DR VREF 3 14 -V IN 13 DMAX 12 VSC +VIN 1 16 VCC PWM/PSM 2 15 DR VREF 3 14 -V IN NI 4 13 DMAX FB 5 SOIC Si9119DY 12 SYNC Top View NI 4 FB 5 SOIC Si9118DY COMP 6 Top View 11 ICS COMP 6 11 ICS SS/EN 7 10 ILIMIT SS/EN 7 10 ILIMIT COSC 8 9 ROSC COSC 8 9 ROSC ORDERING INFORMATION Part Number Temperature Range Package - 40 to 85 C SOIC-16 Si9118DY Si9118DY-T1 Si9118DY-T1-E3 Si9119DY Si9119DY-T1 Si9119DY-T1-E3 PIN DESCRIPTION Pin Number Symbol 1 +VIN 2 PWM/PSM 3 VREF Description Input bus voltage ranging from 10 V to 200 V. Connected to VREF forces the converter into PWM mode. Connected to -VIN forces the converter into PSM mode. 4 V reference voltage. Decouple with 0.1 F ceramic capacitor. 4 NI Non-inverting input of an error amplifier. 5 FB Inverting input of an error amplifier. 6 COMP Error amplifier output for external compensation network. 7 SS/EN Programmable soft-start with external capacitor or externally controlled disable mode. 8 COSC External capacitor to determine the switching frequency. 9 ROSC External resistor to determine the switching frequency. 10 ILIMIT Pulse by pulse peak current limiting pin. When the current sense voltage exceeds the current limit threshold, the gate drive signal is terminated. ILIMIT is also used to sense the current in pulse skipping mode. 11 ICS 12 SYNC or VSC 13 DMAX 14 -VIN Single point ground. 15 DR Gate drive for the external MOSFET switch. 16 VCC Supply voltage for the IC after the startup transition. www.vishay.com 6 Current sense input to control feedback response. Si9118: slope compensation pin. Si9119: clock synchronization pin. Logic high to low transition from external signal synchronizes the internal clock frequency. Sets the maximum duty cycle. Internally, the maximum duty cycle is clamped to 80 %. Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix STANDARD APPLICATION CIRCUITS VO +VIN VCC PWM/PSM ICS VREF DR NI -V IN DMAX FB VSC COMP SS/EN COSC ILIMIT ROSC Si9420DY TL431 - 48 V (- 42 to - 56 V) Figure 2. Si9118 15 W Forward Converter Schematic VCC +VIN PWM/PSM ICS DR VREF NI -V IN DMAX FB SYNC COMP COSC SS/EN ILIMIT ROSC Si9420DY TL431 - 48 V (- 42 to - 56 V) Figure 3. Si9119 Forward Converter With External Slope Compensation Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 www.vishay.com 7 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix DETAILED OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION Start-Up Si9118/Si9119 are designed with internal depletion mode MOSFET capable of powering directly from the high input bus voltage. This feature eliminates the typical external start-up circuit saving valuable space and cost. But, most of all, this feature improves the converter efficiency during full load and has an even greater impact on light load. With an input bus voltage applied to the +VIN pin, the VCC voltage is regulated to 9.3 V. The UVLO circuit prevents the controller output driver section from turning on, until VCC voltage exceeds 8.7 V. In order to maximize converter efficiency, the designer should provide an external bootstrap winding to override the internal VCC regulator. If external VCC voltage is greater than 9.3 V, the internal depletion mode MOSFET regulator is disabled and power is derived from the external VCC supply. The VCC supply provides power to the internal circuity as well as providing supply voltage to the gate drive circuit. Soft-Start/Enable The soft-start time is externally programmable with capacitor connected to the SS/EN pin. A constant current source provides the current to the SS/EN pin to generate a linear start-up time versus the capacitance value. The SS/EN pin clamps the error amplifier output voltage, limiting the rate of increase in duty cycle. By controlling the rate of rise in duty cycle gradually, the output voltage rises gradually preventing the output voltage from overshooting. The SS/EN pin can also be used to enable or disable the output driver section with an external logic signal. Synchronization The synchronization to external clock is easily accomplished by connecting the external clock into the SYNC pin (Si9119 only). The logic high to low transition synchronizes the clock. The external clock frequency must be at least 5 % faster than the internal clock frequency. Reference Voltage The reference voltage for the Si9118/Si9119 are set at 4.0 V. The reference voltage is not connected to the non-inverting inputs of the error amplifier, therefore, the minimum output voltage is not limited to reference voltage. The VREF pin requires a 0.1 F decoupling capacitor. Error Amplifier The error amplifier gain-bandwidth product is critical parameter which determines the transient response of converter. The transient response is function of both small and large signal responses. The small signal www.vishay.com 8 response is determined by the feedback compensation network while the large signal response is determined by the inductor di/dt slew rate. Besides the inductance value, the error amplifier gain-bandwidth determine the converter response time. In order to minimize the response time, Si9118/Si9119 is designed with a 2.7 MHz error amplifier gain-bandwidth product to provide the widest converter bandwidth possible. PWM Mode The converter operates in PWM mode if the PWM/ PSM pin is connected to VREF pin or logic high. As the load current and line voltage vary, the Si9118/Si9119 maintain constant switching frequency until they reach minimum duty cycle. Once the output voltage regulation is exceeded with minimum duty cycle, the switching frequency will continue to decrease until regulation is achieved. The switching frequency is controlled by the external Rosc and Cosc as shown by the typical oscillator frequency curve. In PWM mode, output ripple noise is constant reducing EMI concerns as well as simplifying the filter to minimize the system noise. Pulse Skipping Mode If the PWM/PSM pin is connected to -VIN pin (logic low), the converter can operate in either PWM or PSM mode depending on the load current. The converter automatically transitions from PWM to PSM or vise versa to maintain output voltage regulation. In PSM mode, the MOSFET switch is turned on until the peak current sensed voltage reaches 100 mV and the output voltage meets or exceeds its regulation voltage. The converter is operating in pulse skipping mode because each pulse delivers excess energy into the output capacitor forcing the output voltage to exceed its regulation voltage. By forcing the output voltage to exceed the regulation voltage, succeeding pulses are skipped until the output voltage drops below the regulation point. Therefore, switching frequency will continue to reduce during PSM control as the demand for output current decreases. The pulse skipping mode cuts down the switching losses, the dominant power consumed during low output current, thereby maintaining high efficiency throughout the entire load range. With PWM/PSM pin in logic low state, the converter transitions back into PWM mode, if the peak current sensed voltage of 100 mV does not generate the required output voltage. In the region between pulse skipping mode and PWM mode, the controller may transition between the two modes, delivering spurts of pulses. This may cause the current waveform to look irregular, but this will not overly affect the ripple voltage. Even in this transitional mode, efficiency remains high. Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Si9118, Si9119 Vishay Siliconix DETAILED OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION (CONT'D) Programmable Duty Cycle Control The maximum duty cycle limit is controlled by the voltage on DMAX pin. A DMAX voltage of 3.2 V generates 80 % duty cycle while 0.0 V generates 0 % duty cycle. The 80 % duty cycle is maximum default condition at 1 MHz switching frequency. The DMAX voltage can be easily generated using resistor divider from the reference voltage.The maximum duty cycle limitation will be different when the converter is synchronized by an external frequency. If the internal free running frequency is much slower than the external SYNC signal (SYNC signal causes the internal clock to reset before the Cosc voltage ramps to 3.2 V) , duty cycle is determined by the one shot discharge time of the oscillator capacitor (100 ns). Therefore, with 1 MHz SYNC signal, maximum duty cycle of 90 % can be achieved (100 ns is 10 % of 1 MHz). If the internal free running frequency is very close to the external SYNC frequency (SYNC signal causes the internal clock to reset somewhere between 3.2 V to 4 V), duty cycle is determined by the ratio of Cosc voltage at the SYNC point and the 3.2 V. At this condition, the maximum duty cycle can be greater than 90 %. Therefore, DMAX voltage must be modified in order to maintain desired maximum duty cycle. Slope Compensation Slope compensation is necessary for duty cycles greater than 50 % to stabilize the inner current loop and maintain overall loop stability. In order to simplify the slope compensation circuitry, the Si9118 provides the buffered oscillator ramp signal, VSC to be used for external slope compensation. VSC is only available when DR is high. The VSC signal super-imposed with actual current sense signal should be used by the PWM comparator to determine the duty cycle. The summation of this signal should be fed into ICS pin. For optimum performance, proper slope compensation is required. The amount of slope compensation is determined by the resistors connected to the ICS pin. The amplitude of the VSC signal is same as the COSC pin voltage (4 V). For designs which use with SYNC pin, instead of VSC pin, the converter can still operate at duty cycles greater than 50 % by generating an external slope compensation ramp using a simple RC circuit from the MOSFET driver output pin as shown on the application circuit. Over Current Protection Si9118/Si9119 are designed with a pulse-to-pulse peak current limiting protection circuit to protect itself, and the load in case of a failure. The voltage across the sense resistor is monitored continuously and if the voltage reaches its trigger level, the duty cycle is terminated. This limits the maximum current delivered to the load. In order to improve the accuracy of over current protection from traditional controllers, Si9118/ Si9119 are designed with separate ILIMIT and ICS pins. Voltage on the ILIMIT pin does not sum in the traditional slope compensation voltage, which adds error into the detection level. ICS pin is used to sum the current sense signal and the slope compensation for loop stability. Output Driver Stage The DR pin is designed to drive a low-side N-Channel MOSFET. The driver stage is sized to sink and source peak currents up to 500 mA with VCC = 12 V. This provides ample drive capability for 50 W of output power. Vishay Siliconix maintains worldwide manufacturing capability. Products may be manufactured at one of several qualified locations. Reliability data for Silicon Technology and Package Reliability represent a composite of all qualified locations. For related documents such as package/tape drawings, part marking, and reliability data, see www.vishay.com/ppg?70815. Document Number: 70815 S11-0975-Rev. E, 16-May-11 www.vishay.com 9 This document is subject to change without notice. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 Package Information Vishay Siliconix SOIC (NARROW): 16-LEAD (POWER IC ONLY) JEDEC Part Number: MS-012 MILLIMETERS 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 Dim A A1 B C D E e H L 9 E 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 INCHES Min Max Min Max 1.35 1.75 0.053 0.069 0.10 0.20 0.004 0.008 0.38 0.51 0.015 0.020 0.18 0.23 0.007 0.009 9.80 10.00 0.385 0.393 3.80 4.00 0.149 0.157 1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244 0.50 0.93 0.020 0.037 0_ 8_ 0_ 8_ ECN: S-40080--Rev. A, 02-Feb-04 DWG: 5912 H D C All Leads e Document Number: 72807 28-Jan-04 B A1 L 0.101 mm 0.004 IN www.vishay.com 1 Legal Disclaimer Notice www.vishay.com Vishay Disclaimer ALL PRODUCT, PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN OR OTHERWISE. Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., its affiliates, agents, and employees, and all persons acting on its or their behalf (collectively, "Vishay"), disclaim any and all liability for any errors, inaccuracies or incompleteness contained in any datasheet or in any other disclosure relating to any product. Vishay makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of the products for any particular purpose or the continuing production of any product. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Vishay disclaims (i) any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product, (ii) any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages, and (iii) any and all implied warranties, including warranties of fitness for particular purpose, non-infringement and merchantability. Statements regarding the suitability of products for certain types of applications are based on Vishay's knowledge of typical requirements that are often placed on Vishay products in generic applications. Such statements are not binding statements about the suitability of products for a particular application. It is the customer's responsibility to validate that a particular product with the properties described in the product specification is suitable for use in a particular application. Parameters provided in datasheets and/or specifications may vary in different applications and performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including typical parameters, must be validated for each customer application by the customer's technical experts. Product specifications do not expand or otherwise modify Vishay's terms and conditions of purchase, including but not limited to the warranty expressed therein. Except as expressly indicated in writing, Vishay products are not designed for use in medical, life-saving, or life-sustaining applications or for any other application in which the failure of the Vishay product could result in personal injury or death. Customers using or selling Vishay products not expressly indicated for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify and hold Vishay and its distributors harmless from and against any and all claims, liabilities, expenses and damages arising or resulting in connection with such use or sale, including attorneys fees, even if such claim alleges that Vishay or its distributor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. Please contact authorized Vishay personnel to obtain written terms and conditions regarding products designed for such applications. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document or by any conduct of Vishay. Product names and markings noted herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Material Category Policy Vishay Intertechnology, Inc. hereby certifies that all its products that are identified as RoHS-Compliant fulfill the definitions and restrictions defined under Directive 2011/65/EU of The European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) - recast, unless otherwise specified as non-compliant. Please note that some Vishay documentation may still make reference to RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC. We confirm that all the products identified as being compliant to Directive 2002/95/EC conform to Directive 2011/65/EU. Revision: 12-Mar-12 1 Document Number: 91000