Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 1 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
S
NRTL
CUS
VTMTM Current Multiplier
High Efficiency, Sine Amplitude Converter™ (SAC™)
MIL-COTS
MVTM36 Series
Features
Family of MIL-COTs current multipliers
covering output voltages from 1 to 50 Vdc
nOperating from MIL-COTs PRMTM modules
High efficiency reduces system power consumption
High density provides isolated regulated system
and saves space
VI Chip® package enables surface mount or through hole,
low impedance interconnect to system board
Contains built-in protection features against:
nOvervoltage
nOvercurrent
nShort Circuit
nOvertemperature
ZVS/ZCS resonant Sine Amplitude Converter topology
Less than 50ºC temperature rise at full load
in typical applications
Typical Applications
Land/Air/Sea Unmanned Vehicles/Drones
Scanning Equipment
Radar
Mobile Weapons
Hybrid Vehicles
Product Description
The VI Chip® current multiplier is a high eciency
Sine Amplitude Converter™ (SAC™) operating from a
26 to 50 Vdc primary bus to deliver an isolated output.
The Sine Amplitude Converter oers a low AC impedance
beyond the bandwidth of most downstream regulators, which
means that capacitance normally at the load can be located
at the input to the Sine Amplitude Converter. This allows for a
reduction in point of load capacitance of typically >100x which
results in a saving of board area, materials and
total system cost.
The VTM current multiplier is provided in a VI Chip package
compatible with standard pick-and-place and surface mount
assembly processes. The co-molded VI Chip package provides
enhanced thermal management due to large thermal interface
area and superior thermal conductivity. With high conversion
eciency the VTM current multiplier increases overall system
eciency and lowers operating costs compared to
conventional approaches.
The VTM current multiplier enables the utilization of
Factorized Power Architecture providing eciency and size
benefits by lowering conversion and distribution losses and
promoting high density point of load conversion.
Product Ratings
VIN = 26.0 V to 50.0 V POUT = up to 150 W
VOUT = 1.0 V to 50.0 V
(various models) IOUT = up to 80 A
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
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MVTM36 Series
Typical Application
Using the MIL-COTs PRM, the output of the VTM is regulated over the load current range with only a single interconnect
between the PRM and VTM and without the need for isolation in the feedback path.
PRM AL
SC
OS
CD VC
VH
+IN
–IN
+OUT
–OUT
SGND 1
SGND
GND
F
1
C
IN
V
IN
16 V to 50 V L
F 1
C
F 1
VC
TM
PC
V
OUT
+IN
–IN –OUT
+OUT
ISOLATION BOUNDRY
VTM
PRIMARY SECONDARY
VTM Start Up Pulse and Temperature Feedback
VF: 26 V to 50 V
PC
PR
IL
TM
SGND
RSC
CSC
ROS
10K RVC
R
DF
RCD
0.01µF
SEC_GND
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 3 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
1234
A
B
C
D
E
A’
B’
C’
D’
TM
VC
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
TOP VIEW
Full VIC SMD
+OUT
-OUT
PC
Pin Configuration (Full)
Pin Number Signal Name Type Function
A1, A2 +IN INPUT POWER Positive Input Power Terminal
B1, B2 TM OUTPUT Provides voltage proportional to internal VTM controller temperature. “Power Good” flag.
C1, C2 VC INPUT Connect to 12 V source to power internal VTM control circuits.
D1, D2 PC BIDIR Enables power supply when allowed to float high. 5 V during normal operation.
E1, E2 -IN INPUT POWER
RETURN Negative Input Power Terminal
A’3, A’4, C’3, C’4 +OUT OUTPUT POWER Positive Output Power Terminal
B’3, B’4, D’3, D’4 -OUT OUTPUT POWER
RETURN Positive Output Power Terminal
Pin Description (Full)
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
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MVTM36 Series
Half VIC
1234
B
C
D
E
F
A’
B’
E
IM
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
TOP VIEW
A
VC
TM
PC
Pin Configuration (Half)
Pin Number Signal Name Type Function
A1, A2 +IN INPUT POWER Positive Input Power Terminal
B1 IM OUTPUT Provides voltage proportional to load current.
C2 TM OUTPUT Provides voltage proportional to internal VTM controller temperature. “Power Good” flag.
D1 VC INPUT Connect to 12 V source to power internal VTM control circuits.
E2 PC BIDIR Enables power supply when allowed to float high. 5 V during normal operation.
F1, F2 -IN INPUT POWER
RETURN Negative Input Power Terminal
A’3, A’4 +OUT OUTPUT POWER Positive Output Power Terminal
B’3, B’4 -OUT OUTPUT POWER
RETURN Positive Output Power Terminal
Pin Description (Half)
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 5 of 31
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MVTM36 Series
Part Ordering Information
Device Input Voltage
Range Package Type Output Voltage
x 10
Temperature
Grade
Output
Current Revision Version
VTM 36B F015 M080 A00
VTM = VTM 36B = 26.0 to 50.0 V
F = Full VIC SMD
T = Full VIC Through Hole
H = Half VIC SMD
015 = 1.5 V M = -55 to 125°C 080 = 80 A A00 = Standard
Standard Models
All products shipped in JEDEC standard high profile (0.400” thick) trays (JEDEC Publication 95, Design Guide 4.10).
Part Number Package Size VIN K VOUT Temperature Current
MVTM36BF015M080A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/24 1.50 V (1.08 V to 2.08 V) -55 to 125°C 80 A
MVTM36BT015M080A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF022M055A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/16 2.25 V (1.63 V to 3.13 V) -55 to 125°C 55 A
MVTM36BT022M055A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF030M040B00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/12 3.00 V (2.17 V to 4.17 V) -55 to 125°C 40 A
MVTM36BT030M040B00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF045M027A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/8 4.50 V (3.25 V to 6.25 V) -55 to 125°C 27 A
MVTM36BT045M027A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF060M020A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/6 6.00 V (4.33 V to 8.33 V) -55 to 125°C 20 A
MVTM36BT060M020A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF072M017A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/5 7.20 V (5.20 V to 10.0 V) -55 to 125°C 17 A
MVTM36BT072M017A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF090M013A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/4 9.00 V (6.50 V to 12.5 V) -55 to 125°C 13 A
MVTM36BT090M013A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF120M010A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/3 12.0 V (8.67 V to 16.7 V) -55 to 125°C 10 A
MVTM36BT120M010A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF180M007A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/2 18.0 V (13.0 V to 25.0 V) -55 to 125°C 7 A
MVTM36BT180M007A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF240M005A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 2/3 24.0 V (17.3 V to 33.3 V) -55 to 125°C 5 A
MVTM36BT240M005A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BF360M003A00 Full VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 136.0 V (26.0 V to 50.0 V) -55 to 125°C 3 A
MVTM36BT360M003A00 Full VIC TH
MVTM36BH030M025A00 Half VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/12 3.00 V (1.63 V to 3.13 V) -55 to 125°C 25 A
MVTM36BH045M020A00 Half VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/8 4.50 V (3.25 V to 6.25 V) -55 to 125°C 20 A
MVTM36BH090M010A00 Half VIC SMD 26.0 V to 50.0 V 1/4 9.00 V (6.50 V to 12.5 V) -55 to 125°C 10 A
General Electrical Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
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MVTM36 Series
Absolute Maximum Ratings
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device.
Parameter Comments Min Max Unit
+IN to -IN -1.0 60 VDC
PC to -IN -0.3 20 VDC
TM to -IN -0.3 7 VDC
VC to -IN -0.3 20 VDC
IM to -IN Half Chip only 03.15 VDC
+IN / -IN to +OUT / -OUT (hipot) 2250 VDC
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
Input voltage range VIN
No external VC applied 26 50
VDC
VC applied 050
VIN slew rate dVIN/dt 1V/µs
Output voltage ripple VOUT_PP COUT = 0 F, IOUT = Full Load, VIN = 48 V, 20 MHz BW 5% VOUT
Protection
Overvoltage lockout VIN_OVLO+ Module latched shutdown 52.0 56.0 58.5 V
Overvoltage lockout
response time constant tOVLO Effective internal RC filter 8µs
Output overcurent trip IOCP 120 % IOUT_AVG
Short circuit protection trip current ISCP 150 % IOUT_AVG
Output overcurrent
response time constant tOCP Effective internal RC filter (Integrative) 3.8 ms
Short cicuit protection response time tSCP
From detection to cessation of switching
(Instantaneous) 1µs
Thermal shutdown setpoint TJ_OTP 125 130 135 °C
Reverse inrush current protection Reverse Inrush protection disabled for this product
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 7 of 31
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MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BF015M080A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 7.5 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/24 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 80 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 80 A 120 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 80 A 90.0 91.3 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 80 A 87.3
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 80 A 0.40 0.76 1.0 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 80 A 0.55 0.98 1.4 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 80 A 0.65 1.18 1.5 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.50 1.60 1.70 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.00 3.20 3.40 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 5.0 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 6.7 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 2 kΩ
MVTM36BF022M055A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 8.6 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/16 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 55 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 55 A 82 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 55 A 92.6 93.7 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 55 A 88.8
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 55 A 0.6 1.1 1.8 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 55 A 0.8 1.4 1.9 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 55 A 1.0 1.7 2.2 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.36 1.43 1.50 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 2.72 2.86 3.00 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 1.9 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 6.0 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 1.0 kΩ
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 8 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BF030M040B00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 12.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/12 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 40 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 40 A 60 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 40 A 92.5 94.0 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 40 A 90.2
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 40 A 1.0 1.6 2.3 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 40 A 1.5 2.2 3.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 40 A 2.0 2.6 3.3 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.36 1.43 1.50 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 2.72 2.86 3.00 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 9.5 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 1.0 kΩ
MVTM36BF045M027A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 7.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/8 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 27 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 27 A 40 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 27 A 93.0 94.7 %
VIN = 26 V to 55 V, IOUT = 27 A 89.3
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 27 A 2.5 4.6 5.9 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 27 A 3.8 6.0 7.8 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 27 A 4.5 7.1 9.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.10 1.21 1.30 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 2.20 2.42 2.60 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 9.5 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 1.0 kΩ
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 9 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BF060M020A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 14.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/6 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 20 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 20 A 30 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 20 A 94.6 95.5 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 20 A 92.0
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 20 A 3.0 7.0 9.0 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 20 A 5.0 8.0 10.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 20 A 6.0 12.0 15.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.47 1.52 1.57 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 7.94 3.04 3.14 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 4.3 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 9.5 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 0.56 kΩ
MVTM36BF072M017A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 14.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/5 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 17 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 17 A 25 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 17 A 95.3 95.9 %
VIN = 26 V to 55 V, IOUT = 17 A 92.0
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 17 A 3.3 5.6 7.8 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 17 A 5.0 7.8 10.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 17 A 7.0 9.1 12.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.50 1.55 1.60 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.00 3.10 3.20 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.5 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 5.5 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 0.56 kΩ
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 10 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BF090M013A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 14.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/4 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 13 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 13 A 19 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 13 A 93.8 95.3 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 13 A 93.5
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 13 A 2.0 5.5 9.5 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 13 A 3.9 8.9 13.4 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 13 A 5.0 10.6 15.9 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.85 1.95 2.05 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.70 3.90 4.10 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 1.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 7.3 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 0.51 kΩ
MVTM36BF120M010A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 10.5 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/3 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 10 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 10 A 15 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 10 A 94.2 94.9 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 10 A 90.0
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 10 A 12.8 19.7 26.5 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 10 A 20.4 26.5 32.6 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 10 A 23.1 29.2 35.2 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.56 1.65 1.74 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.12 3.30 3.48 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 5.6 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 2.0 kΩ
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 11 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BF180M007A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 13.5 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/2 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 7A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 7 A 10 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 7 A 93.0 94.0 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 7 A 92.0
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 7 A 19.7 40.0 60.7 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 7 A 30.0 55.0 75.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 7 A 35.0 60.0 90.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.68 1.77 1.86 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.36 3.54 3.72 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 5.7 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 0.51 kΩ
MVTM36BF240M005A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 8.5 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 2/3 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 5A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 5 A 7.5 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 5 A 93.5 96.0 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 5 A 93.0
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 5 A 40.0 51.4 70.0 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 5 A 64.0 86.0 120.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 5 A 85.0 102.0 135 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.57 1.60 1.63 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.14 3.20 3.26 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 5.6 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 2.0 kΩ
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 12 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BF360M003A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 9.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 3A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 3 A 4.5 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 3 A 95.3 96.0 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 3 A 93.3
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 3 A 55.0 108.0 175.0 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 3 A 120.0 158.0 200.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 3 A 175.0 205.0 235.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.64 1.67 1.70 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.28 3.34 3.40 MHz
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 3.8 MHrs
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method 1 Case 1;
Ground Benign, Controlled 5.6 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 2.0 kΩ
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
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MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BH030M025A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 5.0 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/12 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 25.0 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 25 A 37.5 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 25 A 88.5 90.8 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 25 A 85.5
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 25 A 2.0 5.3 8.5 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 25 A 4.5 7.3 10.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 25 A 5.0 8.0 12.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.50 1.65 1.80 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.00 3.30 3.60 MHz
MTBF MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 4.5 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 8.87 kΩ
Current Monitor: IM
The IM pin provides a DC analog voltage proportional to the output current of the VTM.
SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG
INPUT Steady
IM voltage (no load) VIM_NL TC= 25ºC, VIN = 42 V, IOUT = 0 A 0.30 0.32 0.38 V
IM voltage (50%) VIM_50% TC= 25ºC, VIN = 42 V, IOUT = 12.5 A 0.94 V
IM voltage (full load) VIM_FL TC= 25ºC, VIN = 42 V, IOUT = 25 A 1.80 V
IM gain AIM TC= 25ºC, VIN = 42 V, IOUT > 12.5 A 69 mV/A
IM resistance (external) RIM_EXT 2.5 MΩ
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MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BH045M020A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 5.6 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/8 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 20 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 20 A 30 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 20 A 91.0 92.9 %
VIN = 26 V to 55 V, IOUT = 20 A 89.5
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 20 A 5.0 8.2 13.0 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 20 A 7.0 10.8 15.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 20 A 9.0 13.2 18.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.37 1.50 1.63 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 2.74 3.00 3.26 MHz
MTBF MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 6.0 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 4.64 kΩ
Current Monitor: IM
The IM pin provides a DC analog voltage proportional to the output current of the VTM.
SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG
INPUT Steady
IM voltage (no load) VIM_NL TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 0 A 0.27 0.33 0.37 V
IM voltage (50%) VIM_50% TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 10 A 1.0 V
IM voltage (full load) VIM_FL TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 20 A 1.91 V
IM gain AIM TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT > 10 A 91 mV/A
IM resistance (external) RIM_EXT 2.5 MΩ
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VTMTM Current Multiplier
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MVTM36 Series
Model Specific Electrical Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
MVTM36BH090M010 A00
No load power dissipation PNL VIN = 26 V to 50 V 5.2 W
Transfer ratio KK = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0 A 1/4 V/V
Ouput voltage VOUT VOUT = VIN • K - IOUT • ROUT V
Output current (average) IOUT_AVG 10 A
Output current (peak) IOUT_PK tPEAK < 10 ms, IOUT_AVG 10 A 15 A
Efficiency (ambient) hAMB
VIN = 36 V, IOUT = 10 A 92.0 93.6 %
VIN = 26 V to 50 V, IOUT = 10 A 90.0
Output resistance (cold) ROUT_COLD TC= -40°C, IOUT = 10 A 20.0 27.0 35.0 mΩ
Output resistance (ambient) ROUT_AMB TC= 25°C, IOUT = 10 A 28.0 36.2 45.0 mΩ
Output resistance (hot) ROUT_HOT TC= 100°C, IOUT = 10 A 35.0 44.4 55.0 mΩ
Switching frequency fSW 1.60 1.75 1.90 MHz
Output ripple frequency fSW_RP 3.20 3.50 3.80 MHz
MTBF MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count; 25°C Ground Benign,
Stationary, Indoors / Computer Profile 4.5 MHrs
VC internal resistor RVC-INT 2.05 kΩ
Current Monitor: IM
The IM pin provides a DC analog voltage proportional to the output current of the VTM.
SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG
INPUT Steady
IM voltage (no load) VIM_NL TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 0 A 0.28 0.35 0.42 V
IM voltage (50%) VIM_50% TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 5 A 0.90 V
IM voltage (full load) VIM_FL TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT = 10 A 1.68 V
IM gain AIM TC= 25ºC, VIN = 48 V, IOUT > 5 A 156 mV/A
IM resistance (external) RIM_EXT 2.5 MΩ
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MVTM36 Series
Signal Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
VTM Control: VC
Used to wake up powertrain circuit.
A minimum of 12 V must be applied indefinitely for VIN 26 V to ensure normal operation.
VC slew rate must be within range for a successful start.
PRMTM VC can be used as valid wake-up signal source.
VC voltage may be continuously applied; there will be minimal VC current drawn when VIN 26 V and VC
13.
Internal resistance used in adaptive loop compensation
SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG
INPUT
Steady
External VC voltage VVC_EXT
Required for startup, and operation
below 26 V. 12 16.5 V
VC current draw threshold VVC_TH Low VC current draw for Vin >26 V 13 V
VC current draw IVC
VC = 13 V, VIN = 0 V 150
mAVC = 13 V, VIN > 26 V 0
VC = 16.5 V, VIN > 26 V 0
Start Up
VC slew rate dVC/dt Required for proper startup 0.02 0.25 V/µs
VC inrush current IINR_VC VC = 16.5 V, dVC/dt = 0.25 V/µs 750 mA
Transitional
VC output turn-on delay tON
VIN pre-applied, PC floating, VC
enable; CPC = 0 µF, COUT = 4000 µF 500 µs
VC to PC delay tVC_PC
VC = 12 V to PC high, VIN = 0 V,
dVC/dt = 0.25 V/µs 10 25 µs
Primary Control: PC
The PC pin enables and disables the VTM. When held below 2 V, the VTM will be disabled.
PC pin outputs 5 V during normal operation. PC pin is equal to 2.5 V during fault mode given Vin 26 V and VC 12 V.
After successful start-up and under no fault condition, PC can be used as a 5 V regulated voltage source with a 2 mA maximum current.
Module will shutdown when pulled low with an impedance less than 400 .
In an array of VTMs, connect PC pin to synchronize startup.
PC pin cannot sink current and will not disable other modules during fault mode.
SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG
INPUT
Steady
PC voltage VPC 4.7 5.0 5.3 V
PC source current IPC_OP 2mA
PC resistance (internal) RPC_INT Internal pull down resistor 50 150 400 kΩ
Start Up
PC source current IPC_EN 50 100 300 µA
PC capacitance (internal) CPC_INT 50 pF
PC resistance (external) RPC_EXT 60 kΩ
DIGITAL
INPUT / OUTPUT
Enable PC voltage (enable) VPC_EN 22.5 3V
Disable
PC voltage (disable) VPC_DIS 2V
PC pull down current IPC_PD 5.1 mA
Transitional
PC disable time tPC_DIS_T 4µs
PC fault response time tFR_PC From fault to PC = 2 V 100 µs
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MVTM36 Series
Signal Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Temperature Monitor: TM
The TM pin monitors the internal temperature of the VTM controller IC within an accuracy of ±5°C.
Can be used as a "Power Good" flag to verify that the VTM is operating.
The TM pin has a room temperature setpoint of 3 V (@27°C) and approximate gain of 10 mV/ °C.
SIGNAL TYPE STATE ATTRIBUTE SYMBOL CONDITIONS / NOTES MIN TYP MAX UNIT
ANALOG
OUTPUT Steady
TM voltage VTM_AMB TJcontroller = 27°C 2.95 3.00 3.05 V
TM source current ITM 100 µA
TM gain ATM 10 mV/°C
DIGITAL
OUTPUT
(FAULT FLAG)
Disable TM voltage VTM_DIS 0 V
Transitional
TM resistance (internal) RTM_INT Internal pull down resistor 25 40 50 kΩ
TM capacitance (external) CTM_EXT 50 pF
TM fault response time tFR_TM From fault to TM = 1.5 V 10 µs
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MVTM36 Series
Timing diagram
12
7
VIN
1. Initiated VC pulse
2. Controller start
3. VIN ramp up
4. VIN = VOVLO
5. VIN ramp down no VC pulse
6. Overcurrent
7. Start up on short circuit
8. PC driven low
VOUT
PC
3 V
VC
NL
5 V
VOVLO
TM
VTM-AMB
c
Notes:
– Timing and voltage is not to scale
– Error pulse width is load dependent
a: VC slew rate (dVC/dt)
b: Minimum VC pulse rate
c: TOVLO
d: TOCP
e: Output turn on delay (TON)
f: PC disable time (TPC_DIS_T)
g: VC to PC delay (TVC_PC)
d
ISSP
IOUT
IOCP
VVC-EXT
345
6
a
b
8
g
ef
≥ 26 V
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MVTM36 Series
General Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
Mechanical
(Full VIC)
Length L32.25 / [1.270] 32.5 / [1.280] 32.75 / [1.289] mm/[in]
Width W21.75 / [0.856] 22.0 / [0.866] 22.25 / [0.876] mm/[in]
Height H6.48 / [0.255] 6.73 / [0.265] 6.98 / [0.275] mm/[in]
Volume Vol No heat sink 4.81 / [0.294] cm3/[in3]
Weight W15.0 / [0.53] g/[oz]
(Half VIC)
Length L21.7 / [0.85] 22.0 / [0.87] 22.3 / [0.88] mm/[in]
Width W16.4 / [0.64] 16.5 / [0.65] 16.6 / [0.66] mm/[in]
Height H6.48 / [0.255] 6.73 / [0.265] 6.98 / [0.275] mm/[in]
Volume Vol No heat sink 2.44 / [0.150] cm3/[in3]
Weight W8.0 / [0.28] g/[oz]
Lead finish
Nickel 0.51 2.03
µmPalladium 0.02 0.15
Gold 0.003 0.051
Thermal
Operating temperature TJ-55 125 °C
Thermal Resistance (Full VIC) ΦJC
Isothermal heat sink and isothermal
internal PCB 1°C/W
Thermal Resistance (Half VIC) ΦJC
Isothermal heat sink and
isothermal internal PCB 2.2 °C/W
Assembly
Storage temperature TST -65 125 °C
ESD withstand
ESDHBM
Human Body Model Component Level
ANSI/ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2012,
Class 1C 1000 to <2000 V
1000
VDC
ESDCDM
Field Induced Change Device Model
JESD22-C101E, Class II 200 to <500 V 200
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VTMTM Current Multiplier
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MVTM36 Series
General Characteristics Cont.
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions, unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of
-55°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ= 25ºC unless otherwise noted.
Attribute Symbol Conditions / Notes Min Typ Max Unit
Soldering
Peak temperature during reflow MSL 4 (Datecode 1528 and later) 245 °C
Peak time above 217°C 60 90 s
Peak heating rate during reflow 1.5 3°C/s
Peak cooling rate post reflow 1.5 6°C/s
Safety
Isolation voltage (hipot) VHIPOT 2250 VDC
Isolation resistance RIN_OUT 10 MΩ
Agency approvals / standards
cTUVus
cURus
CE Marked for low voltage directive and RoHS recast directive, as applicable
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MVTM36 Series
Using the control signals VC, PC, TM, IM
The VTM Control (VC) pin is an input pin which powers the internal
VCC circuitry when within the specified voltage range of 12 V to 16.5 V.
This voltage is required in order for the VTM module to start, and must
be applied as long as the input is below 26 V. In order to ensure a
proper start, the slew rate of the applied voltage must be within the
specified range.
Some additional notes on the using the VC pin:
nIn most applications, the VTM module will be powered
by an upstream PRMTM which provides a 10 ms VC pulse
during startup. In these applications the VC pins of the PRM
and VTM should be tied together.
nThe VC voltage can be applied indefinitely allowing for
continuous operation down to 0 VIN.
nThe fault response of the VTM module is latching.
A positive edge on VC is required in order to restart the
unit. If VC is continuously applied the PC pin may be
toggled to restart the module.
Primary Control (PC) pin can be used to accomplish the following
functions:
nDelayed start: Upon the application of VC, the PC pin will
source a constant 100 μA current to the internal RC
network. Adding an external capacitor will allow further
delay in reaching the 2.5 V threshold for module start.
nAuxiliary voltage source: Once enabled in regular
operational conditions (no fault), each VTM PC provides a
regulated 5 V, 2 mA voltage source.
nOutput disable: PC pin can be actively pulled down in order
to disable the module. Pull down impedance shall be lower
than 400 Ω.
nFault detection flag: The PC 5 V voltage source is internally
turned o as soon as a fault is detected. It is important to
notice that PC doesn’t have current sink capability. Therefore,
in an array, PC line will not be capable of disabling
neighboring modules if a fault is detected.
nFault reset: PC may be toggled to restart the unit if VC
is continuously applied.
Temperature Monitor (TM) pin provides a voltage proportional to the
absolute temperature of the converter control IC.
It can be used to accomplish the following functions:
nMonitor the control IC temperature: The temperature in
Kelvin is equal to the voltage on the TM pin scaled
by 100. (i.e. 3.0 V = 300 K = 27ºC). If a heat sink is applied,
TM can be used to thermally protect the system.
nFault detection flag: The TM voltage source is internally
turned o as soon as a fault is detected. For system
monitoring purposes (microcontroller interface) faults are
detected on falling edges of TM signal.
Current Monitor (IM) (half chip models only) pin provides a voltage
proportional to the output current of the VTM module. The nominal
voltage will vary between VIM_NL to VIM_FL over the output current range
of the module. The accuracy of the IM pin will be within 25% under all
line and temperature conditions between 50% and 100% load.
Startup behavior
Depending on the sequencing of the VC with respect to the input
voltage, the behavior during startup will vary as follows:
nNormal Operation (VC applied prior to Vin): In this case the
controller is active prior to ramping the input. When the input
voltage is applied, the VTM output voltage will track the input. The
inrush current is determined by the input voltage rate of rise and
output capacitance. If the VC voltage is removed prior to the input
reaching 26 V, the VTM module may shut down.
nStand Alone Operation (VC applied aer Vin): In this case the
module output will begin to rise upon the application of the VC
voltage. A so-start circuit may vary the ouput rate of rise in order
to limit the inrush current to its maximum level. When starting into
high capacitance, or a short, the output current will be limited for a
maximum of 900 μsec. Aer this period, the adaptive so start
circuit will time out and the module may shut down. No restart will
be attempted until VC is re-applied, or PC is toggled. To ensure a
successful start in this mode of operation, additional capacitance on
the output of the VTM should be kept to a minimum.
Thermal Considerations
VI Chip® products are multi-chip modules whose temperature
distribution varies greatly for each part number as well as with the
input / output conditions, thermal management and environmental
conditions. Maintaining the top of the VTM case to less than 100ºC will
keep all junctions within the VI Chip below 125ºC for most
applications.
The percent of total heat dissipated through the top surface versus
through the J-lead is entirely dependent on the particular mechanical
and thermal environment. The heat dissipated through the top surface
is typically 60%. The heat dissipated through the J-lead onto the PCB
board surface is typically 40%. Use 100% top surface dissipation when
designing for a conservative cooling solution.
It is not recommended to use a VI Chip module for an extended period
of time at full load without proper heat sinking
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MVTM36 Series
Sine Amplitude Converter™
Point of Load Conversion
The Sine Amplitude Converter (SAC™) uses a high frequency resonant
tank to move energy from input to output. The resonant LC tank,
operated at high frequency, is amplitude modulated as function of
input voltage and output current. A small amount of capacitance
embedded in the input and output stages of the module is sucient for
full functionality and is key to achieving power density.
A typical SAC can be simplified into the model above.
At no load:
VOUT = VIN • K (1)
K represents the “turns ratio” of the SAC.
Rearranging Eq (1):
K= V
OUT (2)
VIN
In the presence of load, Vout is represented by:
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • ROUT (3)
and Iout is represented by:
IOUT =I
IN – IQ(4)
K
ROUT represents the impedance of the SAC, and is a function of the
RDSON of the input and output MOSFETs and the winding resistance of
the power transformer. Iq represents the quiescent current of the SAC
control and gate drive circuitry.
The use of DC voltage transformation provides additional interesting
attributes. Assuming for the moment that ROUT = 0 Ω and IQ= 0 A, Eq.
(3) now becomes Eq. (1) and is essentially load independent. A resistor
R is now placed in series with VIN as shown in Figure 2.
The relationship between VIN and VOUT becomes:
VOUT = (VIN – IIN • R) • K (5)
Substituting the simplified version of Eq. (4)
(IQis assumed = 0 A) into Eq. (5) yields:
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • R • K2(6)
This is similar in form to Eq. (3), where ROUT is used to represent the
characteristic impedance of the SAC™. However, in this case a real R on
the input side of the SAC is eectively scaled by K2with respect
to the output.
Assuming that R = 1 Ω, the eective R as seen from the secondary side
is 0.98 mΩ, with K = 1/32 as shown in Figure 2.
A similar exercise should be performed with the additon of a capacitor,
or shunt impedance, at the input to the SAC. A switch in series with VIN
is added to the circuit. This is depicted in Figure 3.
+
+
VOUT
COUT
VIN
V•I
K
+
+
CIN
IOUT
RCOUT
IQ
ROUT
RCIN
Figure 1 VI Chip®module AC model (MVTM48EH040M025A00 shown)
0.057 A
1/12 • IOUT 1/12 • VIN
6.2 mΩ
RCIN
6.3 mΩ
150 pH
350 mΩ
RCOUT
330 µΩ
68 µF
LOUT = 600 pH
900 nF
IQ
LIN = 1.7 nH IOUT ROUT
VIN VOUT
COUT
CIN
R
SAC
K = 1/32
Vin
Vout
+
Figure 2 K = 1/32 Sine Amplitude Converter™
with series input resistor
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MVTM36 Series
A change in VIN with the switch closed would result in a change in
capacitor current according to the following equation:
IC(t) = C dVin (7)
dt
Assume that with the capacitor charged to VIN, the switch is opened
and the capacitor is discharged through the idealized SAC. In this case,
IC=I
OUT • K (8)
Substituting Eq. (1) and (8) into Eq. (7) reveals:
IOUT =C•dV
OUT (9)
K2dt
Writing the equation in terms of the output has yielded a K2scaling
factor for C, this time in the denominator of the equation. For a K factor
less than unity, this results in an eectively larger capacitance on the
output when expressed in terms of the input. With a K = 1/32 as shown
in Figure 3, C = 1 μF would eectively appear as C = 1024 μF when
viewed from the output.
Low impedance is a key requirement for powering a high-current,
low-voltage load eciently. A switching regulation stage should have
minimal impedance, while simultaneously providing appropriate
filtering for any switched current. The use of a SAC between the
regulation stage and the point of load provides a dual benefit, scaling
down series impedance leading back to the source and scaling up shunt
capacitance (or energy storage) as a function of its K factor squared.
However, these benefits are not useful if the series impedance of the
SAC is too high. The impedance of the SAC must be low well beyond
the crossover frequency of the system.
A solution for keeping the impedance of the SAC low involves
switching at a high frequency. This enables magnetic components to be
small since magnetizing currents remain low. Small magnetics mean
small path lengths for turns. Use of low loss core material at high
frequencies reduces core losses as well.
The two main terms of power loss in the VTM module are:
nNo load power dissipation (Pnl): defined as the power used to power
up the module with an enabled power train at no load.
nResistive loss (ROUT): refers to the power loss across the VTM current
multiplier modeled as pure resistive impedance.
PDISSIPATED = PNL + PROUT (10)
Therefore,
POUT = PIN – PDISSIPATED = PIN – PNL – PROUT (11)
The above relations can be combined to calculate the overall module
eciency:
h=POUT =P
IN – PNL – PROUT (12)
PIN PIN
=VIN • IIN – PNL – (IOUT)2• ROUT
VIN • IIN
=1 – PNL + (IOUT)2 • ROUT
VIN • IIN
Input and Output Filter Design
A major advantage of a SAC™ system versus a conventional PWM
converter is that the former does not require large functional filters.
The resonant LC tank, operated at extreme high frequency, is amplitude
modulated as a function of input voltage and output current and
eciently transfers charge through the isolation transformer. A small
amount of capacitance embedded in the input and output stages of the
module is sucient for full functionality and is key to achieving high
power density.
This paradigm shi requires system design to carefully evaluate
external filters in order to:
1. Guarantee low source impedance.
To take full advantage of the VTM module dynamic
response, the impedance presented to its input terminals
must be low from DC to approximately 5 MHz. Input
capacitance may be added to improve transient
performance or compensate for high source impedance.
2. Further reduce input and/or output voltage ripple without
sacrificing dynamic response.
Given the wide bandwidth of the VTM module, the source
response is generally the limiting factor in the overall
system response. Anomalies in the response of the source
will appear at the output of the module multiplied by its
K factor.
3. Protect the module from overvoltage transients imposed
by the system that would exceed maximum ratings and
cause failures.
The VI Chip® module input/output voltage ranges must
not be exceeded. An internal overvoltage lockout function
prevents operation outside of the normal operating input
range. Even during this condition, the powertrain is
exposed to the applied voltage and power MOSFETs must
withstand it.
()
C
S
SAC
K = 1/32
Vin
Vout
+
Figure 3 Sine Amplitude Converter™ with input capacitor
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MVTM36 Series
Capacitive Filtering Considerations
for a Sine Amplitude Converter
It is important to consider the impact of adding input and output
capacitance to a Sine Amplitude Converter™ on the system as a whole.
Both the capacitance value, and the eective impedance of the
capacitor must be considered.
A Sine Amplitude Converter has a DC ROUT value which has already
been discussed in the previous section. The AC ROUT of the SAC contains
several terms:
nResonant tank impedance
nInput lead inductance and internal capacitance
nOutput lead inductance and internal capacitance
The values of these terms are shown in the behavioral model in the
prior section. It is important to note on which side of the transformer
these impedances appear and how they reflect across the transformer
given the K factor.
The overall AC impedance varies from model to model but for most
models it is dominated by DC Rout value from DC to beyond 500 KHz.
Any capacitors placed at the output of the VTM module reflect back to
the input of the module by the square of the K factor (Eq. 9) with the
impedance of the module appearing in series. It is very important to
keep this in mind when using a PRMTM regulator to power the VTM.
Most PRM regulators have a limit on the maximum amount of
capacitance that can be applied to the output. This capacitance includes
both the regulator output capacitance and the current multiplier output
capacitance reflected back to the input. In PRM regulator remote sense
applications, it is important to consider the reflected value of VTM
current multiplier output capacitance when designing and
compensating the PRM regulator control loop.
Capacitance placed at the input of the VTM module appear to the load
reflected by the K factor, with the impedance of the VTM module in
series. In step-down VTM ratios, the eective capacitance is increased
by the K factor. The eective ESR of the capacitor is decreased by the
square of the K factor, but the impedance of the VTM module appears
in series. Still, in most step-down VTM modules an electrolytic
capacitor placed at the input of the module will have a lower eective
impedance compared to an electrolytic capacitor placed at the output.
This is important to consider when placing capacitors at the output of
the current multiplier. Even though the capacitor may be placed at the
output, the majority of the AC current will be sourced from the lower
impedance, which in most cases will be the VTM current multiplier.
This should be studied carefully in any system design using a VTM
current multiplier. In most cases, it should be clear that electrolytic
output capacitors are not necessary to design a stable,
well-bypassed system.
Current Sharing
The SAC™ topology bases its performance on ecient transfer of
energy through a transformer without the need of closed loop control.
For this reason, the transfer characteristic can be approximated by an
ideal transformer with some resistive drop and positive
temperature coecient.
This type of characteristic is close to the impedance characteristic of a
DC power distribution system, both in behavior (AC dynamic) and
absolute value (DC dynamic).
When connected in an array with the same K factor, the VTM module
will inherently share the load current with parallel units, according to
the equivalent impedance divider that the system implements from the
power source to the point of load.
Some general recommendations to achieve matched array impedances:
nDedicate common copper planes within the PCB
to deliver and return the current to the modules.
nProvide the PCB layout as symmetric as possible.
nApply same input / output filters (if present) to each unit.
For further details see AN:016 Using BCM® Bus Converters
in High Power Arrays.
Fuse Selection
In order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems VI Chip®
products are not internally fused. Input line fusing of VI Chip products
is recommended at system level to provide thermal protection in case
of catastrophic failure.
The fuse shall be selected by closely matching system
requirements with the following characteristics:
nCurrent rating (usually greater than maximum
VTM module current)
nMaximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum
possible input voltage)
nAmbient temperature
nNominal melting I2t
Reverse Operation
The MVTM is capable of reverse operation.
If a voltage is present at the output which satisfies the condition VOUT >
VIN • K at the time the VC voltage is applied, or aer the unit has
started, then energy will be transferred from secondary to primary. The
input to output ratio will be maintained. The MVTM will continue to
operate in reverse as long as the input and output are within the
specified limits. The MVTM has not been qualified for continuous
operation (>10 ms) in the reverse direction.
VIN VOUT
+
DC
ZIN_EQ1
ZIN_EQ2
ZOUT_EQ1
ZOUT_EQ2
Load
VTMTM1
RO_1
VTMTM2
RO_2
VTMTMn
RO_n
ZOUT_EQn
ZIN_EQn
Figure 4 VTM module array
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
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07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Product Outline & Recommended Land Pattern; Full VIC SMD, 18 pin
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 26 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Product Outline & Recommended Land Pattern; Full VIC TH, 60 pin
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 27 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Recommended Heat Sink Push Pin Location; Full
Notes:
1. Maintain 3.50 (0.138) Dia. keep-out zone
free of copper, all PCB layers.
2. (A) Minimum recommended pitch is 39.50 (1.555).
This provides 7.00 (0.275) component
edge-to-edge spacing, and 0.50 (0.020)
clearance between Vicor heat sinks.
(B) Minimum recommended pitch is 41.00 (1.614).
This provides 8.50 (0.334) component
edge-to-edge spacing, and 2.00 (0.079)
clearance between Vicor heat sinks.
3. VI
Chip® module land pattern shown for reference
only; actual land pattern may differ.
Dimensions from edges of land pattern
to push–pin holes will be the same for
all full-size VI Chip® products.
4. RoHS compliant per CST–0001 latest revision.
(NO GROUNDING CLIPS) (WITH GROUNDING CLIPS)
5. Unless otherwise specified:
Dimensions are mm (inches)
tolerances
are:
x.x (x.xx) = ±0.3 (0.01)
x.xx (x.xxx) = ±0.13 (0.005)
6. Plated through holes for grounding clips (33855)
shown for reference, heat sink orientation and
device pitch will dictate final grounding solution.
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 28 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Mechanical Drawing; Half VIC SMT, 12 pin
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 29 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Recommended Heat Sink Push Pin Location; Half
(NO GROUNDING CLIPS) (WITH GROUNDING CLIPS)
Notes:
1. Maintain 3.50 (0.138) Dia. keep-out zone
free of copper, all PCB layers.
2. (A) minimum recommended pitch is 24.00 (0.945)
this provides 7.50 (0.295) component
edge–to–edge spacing, and 0.50 (0.020)
clearance between Vicor heat sinks.
(B) Minimum recommended pitch is 25.50 (1.004).
This provides 9.00 (0.354) component
edge–to–edge spacing, and 2.00 (0.079)
clearance between Vicor heat sinks.
3. VI Chip® module land pattern shown
for reference only, actual land pattern may differ.
Dimensions from edges of land pattern
to push–pin holes will be the same for
all half size V•I Chip Products.
4. RoHS compliant per CST–0001 latest revision.
5. Unless otherwise specified:
Dimensions are mm (inches)
tolerances are:
x.x (x.xx) = ±0.13 (0.01)
x.xx (x.xxx) = ±0.13 (0.005)
6. Plated through holes for grounding clips (33855)
shown for reference. Heat sink orientation and
device pitch will dictate final grounding solution.
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 30 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Revision History
Revision Date Description Page
Number(s)
1.0 3/2014 Initial Release n/a
1.1 11/25/2014 Typ value of VC Internal Resistor 12
1.2 1/07/2015 Updated 3 V part to B version 5
1.3
07/17/15 MSL changes
19 & 20
Rev 1.3 vicorpower.com
VTMTM Current Multiplier
Page 31 of 31
07/2015 800 927.9474
MVTM36 Series
Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and
accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom
power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make
changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and
is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are
used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all
parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions
All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request.
Product Warranty
In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the
“Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment
and is not transferable.
UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS
ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH
RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
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for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes
no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and
components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and
operating safeguards.
Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact
Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be
returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the
product was defective within the terms of this warranty.
Life Support Policy
VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS
PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support
devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform
when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the
user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products
and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages.
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Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the
products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is
granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department.
The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers:
5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263;
7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965.
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Andover, MA, USA 01810
Tel: 800-735-6200
Fax: 978-475-6715
email
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