SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS SX X1276 D Develop pment Kit USER GUID DE Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 1 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 Development Kit USER GUIDE WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PRODUCTS Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Index of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 3 1 Preamble ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 4 3 Getting Started ....................................................................................................................................... 5 3.1 Evaluation Kit Contents ................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 Ordering information ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Updating the firmware ................................................................................................................... 6 4 Eiger Platform Presentation ................................................................................................................... 6 4.1 Platform Description .................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 SX1276 Module Hardware .......................................................................................................... 11 4.2.1 SX1276RF1IAS ....................................................................................................................... 11 4.2.2 SX1276RF1JAS ...................................................................................................................... 12 4.2.3 SX1276RF1KAS...................................................................................................................... 13 4.2.4 Module Antenna ...................................................................................................................... 14 5 Eiger platform for PER Testing ............................................................................................................ 15 5.1 Menu Description ........................................................................................................................ 15 5.2 Using the Eiger platform.............................................................................................................. 15 5.2.1 System Window....................................................................................................................... 16 5.2.2 PER Demo Window ................................................................................................................ 19 5.2.3 PER Rx Bar-graph .................................................................................................................. 28 6 SX1276SKA Software Description....................................................................................................... 29 6.1 SX1276SKA Quick start Guide ................................................................................................... 29 6.2 LoRa Mode .................................................................................................................................. 32 6.2.1 LoRa Menu .............................................................................................................................. 32 6.2.2 LoRa Common Window .......................................................................................................... 33 6.2.3 LoRa Parameters Window ...................................................................................................... 34 6.3 FSK Mode ................................................................................................................................... 35 6.3.1 FSK Menu ............................................................................................................................... 35 6.3.2 Common window ..................................................................................................................... 36 6.3.3 Transmitter window ................................................................................................................. 37 6.3.4 Receiver window ..................................................................................................................... 38 6.3.5 IRQ and Map window .............................................................................................................. 39 6.3.6 Packet Handler window ........................................................................................................... 40 6.3.7 Sequencer window .................................................................................................................. 41 6.3.8 Temperature window ............................................................................................................... 42 7 How to... ............................................................................................................................................... 43 7.1 ... perform a simple transmission / reception in LoRa ................................................................ 43 7.2 ... perform a simple transmission / reception in FSK .................................................................. 45 7.3 ... perform Continuous transmission and Reception in LoRa ..................................................... 49 7.4 ... Log the Transmitted or Received packets .............................................................................. 50 7.5 ... perform a CW or PN9 Tx test on the SX1276 ........................................................................ 51 7.6 ... check the frequency accuracy of the SX1276 module ........................................................... 51 8 Troubleshooting ................................................................................................................................... 52 8.1 The Eiger platform indicates very high PER even in short range ............................................... 52 8.2 The communication range in Lora is very poor ........................................................................... 52 8.3 The SX1276SKA do not detect the device through the USB ...................................................... 52 8.4 The Eiger platform does not seem to work anymore .................................................................. 52 8.5 The Eiger platform touch screen is not accurate ........................................................................ 52 Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Semtech Corporation Page 2 of 53 www.semtech.com SX1276 Development Kit USER GUIDE WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PRODUCTS Index of Figures Figure 1: SX1276 Development Kit ............................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Eiger platform description ............................................................................................................ 10 Figure 3: SX1276RF1IAS Module Schematic ............................................................................................. 11 Figure 4: SX1276RF1JAS Module Schematic ............................................................................................ 12 Figure 5: SX1276RF1KAS Module Schematic ........................................................................................... 13 Figure 6: LF and HF Antenna Connection .................................................................................................. 14 Figure 7: Frequency Band Targeted Antenna............................................................................................. 14 Figure 8: Connect both USB ports to use the SX1276SKA ........................................................................ 29 Figure 9: SX1276 window organization ...................................................................................................... 30 Figure 10: Register table ............................................................................................................................. 31 Figure 11: SX1276SKA Boot-up windows .................................................................................................. 33 Figure 12: LoRa Radio parameters window................................................................................................ 34 Figure 13: FSK window structure ................................................................................................................ 35 Figure 14: FSK Common window ............................................................................................................... 36 Figure 15: FSK Transmitter window ............................................................................................................ 37 Figure 16: FSK Receiver window ................................................................................................................ 38 Figure 17: FSK IRQ and Map window ........................................................................................................ 39 Figure 18: FSK Packet Handler window ..................................................................................................... 40 Figure 19: FSK Sequencer window ............................................................................................................ 41 Figure 20: FSK Temperature window ......................................................................................................... 42 Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Semtech Corporation Page 3 of 53 www.semtech.com SX1276 Development Kit USER GUIDE WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PRODUCTS 1 Preamble This document describes how to use the SX1276 Evaluation kit. This document describes especially the SX1276 Eiger platform and the SX1276SKA User Interface. We strongly recommend for the user to read thoroughly the datasheet of the SX1276 prior to start working on the device. Most of this document assumes a general knowledge on the SX1276 and modern RF communications. 2 Introduction The SX1276 is a single-chip integrated circuit ideally suited for today's high performance ISM band RF applications. Added to the renowned, high-performance and low-cost, FSK / OOK RF transceiver modem, the SX1276 is also equipped with the LoRa proprietary transceiver modem. This advanced feature set, including a state of the art packet engine, greatly simplifies system design whilst the high level of integration reduces the external BOM to a handful of passive decoupling and matching components. It is intended for use as high-performance, long range, half-duplex bi-directional RF links, and where stable and constant RF performances are required over the full operating range of the device down to 1.8V. The SX1276 is intended for applications over a wide frequency range and it is covering all available sub1GHz frequency bands (168MHz, 434MHz, 470MHz, 868MHz and 902MHz). Coupled with a link budget in excess of 135 dB in FSK in excess of 155 dB in LoRa, the SX1276 really offers the possibility of two modems in one single package. The SX1276 complies with both ETSI and FCC regulatory requirements and is available in a 5x5 mm QFN 28 lead free package. The SX1276 Evaluation kit, based around the Eiger platform, allows the user to test every aspect of the radio, both from the system and RF point of view. On one hand, the Eiger platform is a touch screen portable device which has been design to enable quick and easy testing of the PER performances of the SX1276. On the other hand, the SX1276SKA is a PC based evaluation tool which allows in depth testing of the radio. This document is therefore divided in two parts: the first part present the SX1276 Eiger module and how to perform PER test in LoRa and FSK; the second part of this document present the SX1276 SKA and how it can be used to test every single aspect of the radio. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Semtech Corporation Page 4 of 53 www.semtech.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 3 Ge etting Sta arted 3.1 Ev valuation Kit Conttents The SX12 276DVK1 Dev velopment Kitt consists of: 2 x SX1276RF F1 modules orms 2 x Eiger platfo ennas for LF frequency f ban nd 2 x dipole ante ennas for HF frequency f band 2 x dipole ante c 2 x Mini-USB cables een Styluses 2 x Touch Scre D Notte Disclaimer Figure F 1: SX1 1276 Develop pment Kit Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 5 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 3.2 Orrdering in nformatio on Each of part p of the SX1276 Evaluattion kit can be e ordered as a single entitty or in a who ole package. W When ordering, please refer to t the followin ng parts numb bers: SX1276DVK1IAS SX1276 De evelopment Kit K - 169/868M MHz version w with TCXO SX1276DVK1JAS SX1276 De evelopment Kit K - 433/868M MHz version w with XTAL SX1276DVK1KAS SX1276 De evelopment Kit K - 490/915M MHz version w with XTAL SX1276R RF1IAS SX1276 Ev valuation Mod dule - 169/868 8MHz version n with TCXO + Antennas RF1JAS SX1276R SX1276 Ev valuation Mod dule - 433/868 8MHz version n with XTAL + Antennas SX1276R RF1KAS SX1276 Ev valuation Mod dule - 490/915 5MHz version n with XTAL + Antennas For more information on o each of the e options avaiilable, please , contact your local Semte ech representative. The SX12 276SKA evalu uation softwarre, the firmwa are, drivers an nd all SX1276 6 related mate erials are ava ailable on the Se emtech websitte: http p://www.semttech.com/wire eless-rf/rf-tran nsceivers/ 3.3 Up pdating th he firmwa are Updating the Eiger plattform firmwarre is straight forward f given that the userr follows some simple step ps. The first step s is to insta all the Eiger platform p driverrs on the PC used to upda ate the firmwa are. These driivers, called RLink USB drive ers are located in the folder RLinkDrv giiven with every version of the firmware.. To install the driver, simply y launch the file f RLinkUSB BInstall.exe. Once the RLink drivers s are installed d, the firmware e upgrade is done through h the update.b bat file which will upload the e correct vers sion of the firm mware depending on seve ral options re elated to the E Eiger platform m or module be eing used. When launching g the applicattion, the follow wing window opens: Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 6 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS e user to sele ect the STM32 2 daughter bo oard fitted on the Eiger plattform. The This window invites the pictures below b should help the user to recognize which daugh hter board is w which. Added d to this, the STM32F4 407 daughter board is equipped with a small s camera clearly visible e at the back of the module. To finish, the e STM32F429 9 is easily iden ntifiable thank ks to the size of its MCU. STM32F103 3 Module STM32F407 7 Module STM32F42 29 Module Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 7 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS er platform is not powered up, is wrongly connected o or if the RLinkk drivers are not installed, the If the Eige following message will be displayed d on the scree en: uation, the user need to ma ake sure the device d is corrrectly powere ed and turned on. Please, rrefer In this situ to section 4.1 of this do ocument for more m informattion. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 8 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS hat the full upg grader should d look like at the t end of the e software up pdate. This is wh Once the software has been upgrad ded, it is recom mmended to reset all the internal settings on the Eig ger platform. For more info ormation on how to achieve e this, please , refer to secttion 5.2.1.1 off this docume ent. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 9 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 4 Eig ger Platfform Pre esentatio on 4.1 Pllatform Descriptio on The Eigerr platform is in ntended to en nable a quick and easy ran nge test of the sx1276 mo odule. Here m most of the modem parameters s are pre-configured and th he user only n needs to set ssome RF parrameters. 5-Way main button Top/Botttom/Right/Lefft/Center Short center click to start s 2-second des center click to shutdow wn Antenna SMA C Connector Do not sttart TX withou ut an antenna a or load conn nected LoRa boa ard LEDs Re eceive Mode Grreen: PER paccket rcvd OK Re ed: NonPER p packet rcvd O OK Tra ansmit Mode e Ye ellow: Packet sent (flashes forr each packett Eiger E platforrm LEDs When sc creen is turned d off the gree en led will blink b S_VDC C_Switch Le eave in upperrmost position n Charging LEDs Bottom red: r charging Top gree en: battery is charged Red+Gre een: charging g error or battery fully charged Pla aform main U USB connector Min ni-B USB type e Usse to charge th he platform batttery or powe er it when batttery is off or empty. It is also use ed to update the firmware Eiger platform p func ction `buttons s' Only use ed to move be etween screen ns Batterry switch Switch the Eiger platform ON or OFF (indicated by ``1' and `0'). STM32 daughter bo oard This USB B should only y be plug for the t SX1276S SKA to enable e communica ation with PC software Fiigure 2: Eige er platform de escription Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 10 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 4.2 SX X1276 Mo odule Harrdware The SX12 276DVK is a USB based evaluation so oftware desig gned to allow w simple and easy evaluattion of the suitab bility of the SX X1276 for a given application. There are e three evalua ation module developed around the SX127 76 and each module is targ geted to spec cific RF Bandss. 4.2.1 SX1276RF S 1IAS The SX12 276RF1IAS is s targeted to the 169MHz and a 868MHz frequency ba ands. Figure e 3: SX1276R RF1IAS Modu ule Schemattic Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 11 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 4.2.2 SX1276RF S 1JAS 276RF1JAS is i targeted to the 433MHz and 868MHzz frequency ba ands. The SX12 Figure e 4: SX1276R RF1JAS Mod ule Schemattic Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 12 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 4.2.3 SX1276RF S 1KAS 276RF1KAS is targeted to o the 490MHz z and 915MHzz frequency b bands. The SX12 Figure e 5: SX1276R RF1KAS Mod dule Schemattic Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 13 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 4.2.4 Module M An ntenna T The SX1276RF F1 modules are e fitted with 2 RF R antenna SM MA connectorss. Each antenn na connection h has been speccifically d designed to offe er the best RF matching to a specific freque ency band. Figu ure 6: LF and HF Antenna a Connection n F Five antennas types t could be delivered with kits. The anten nnas can be id dentified throug gh their color de edicated or sha ape, to a specific frequency band (LF F=169, 433 or 490MHz, 4 HF=8 868 and 915 M Hz). Antenna ttypes and part numbers are ssubject to o be changed. D Do not connectt both antenna types at the sa ame time on the e module. 169M MHz 433 3MHz 490MHz 4 red 869MHz grey 915MHzz yellow Figure e 7: Frequenc cy Band Targ geted Antenna Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 14 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5 Eig ger platfform for PER Te esting 5.1 Me enu Desc cription ganized around the touch screen whicch allows the user to set o on the fly a liimited The Eigerr menu is org number of parameters. We will here e describe ea ach menu win ndow so that the user can quickly start doing PER testing. The idea behind the PE ER demo is to o set one of the t Eiger plattform as a tra ansmitter and the other one e as a receiver. Then both platforms can me moved away one from m the other, in an urban o or in an open n field environme ent, to easily capture the PER P between the transmittter and the re eceiver. The PER R demo opera ates in FSK or in LoRa modes m so th at the advan ntages and d drawbacks of each modulatio on can been seen s easily. 5.2 Us sing the Eiger E plattform When boo oting up, the Eiger applica ation will dete ect the hardw ware module connected to o configure th he RF parameters dedicated to each mo odules. Each hardware m module is fitte ed with an E EEPROM wh hich is programm med at manuffacturing. How wever, if for any a reasons, the EEPROM M cannot be rread or has n not be programm med, the follow wing window is shown. In case off doubt, the exact e part num mber of the hardware h mod dule connecte ed is written o on the right sside of the module. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 15 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS When the e module is successfully detected, the home screen n is the first w window displa ayed on the ccontrol touch scre een. Battery levvel Firmware version Access th e PER Demo o Menu Access th e System Me enu 5.2.1 System S Wiindow Temperature e 5.2.1.1 Settings Reset the E iger platform Settings Get the batte ery status Access the b bootloader m menu Information o on the firmwa are Return to Ho ome Screen Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 16 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS In case off miss-operattion or to simply reset the Eiger module e into a know wn state, it is possible the reset the touch screen param meters or to re eset the devic ce parameterrs to their defa ault paramete ers. Reset R the toucch screen caliibration Reset R to the d efault parame eters Apply A the rese et Once a bo ox is ticked, "clicking" " on the Apply buttton will reset the selected parameters. The ticked bo ox will then go un-ticked. 5.2.1.2 Battery In ndicates the b battery state In ndicates the b battery level In ndicates the vvoltage delive ered by the battery b Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 17 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.1.3 Bootload der Reboot the sysstem Up pdate the firm mware through h an SD ca ard Re eset touch sccreen calibratiion 5.2.1.4 About Indicates the e Firmware ve ersion Indicates the e Build date Indicates the e Build time Indicates the e Module Con nnected Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 18 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2 PER P Demo o Window ER Demo Win ndows, the EEPROM on tthe module tyype is read sso that the m module When enttering the PE connected d can be use ed. If the EE EPROM is fau ulty, not pressent or dama aged, the following windo ows is displayed. dule is detecte ed correctly, the t PER demo is accessed d and the follo owing window w is displayed d. If the mod Set the d device as Recceiver for the PER test Set the d device as Transmitter for th he PER test Set the R RF Settings fo or the PER te est o the Eiger platform testin ng. The menu u is divided in n three main a areas, The PER Demo menu is the core of nd Settings. The T PER Setttings menu allows the use er to set seve eral paramete ers of the Rad dio for Tx, Rx an Tx and Rx x. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 19 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS A text in green indicattes that the value v can be changed. Fo or example, o on the first w window of the e PER Setting sc creen, you will see: "Clicking"" on this para ameters allow the user to ch hange its valu ue. Here, the e user can sett the device in n LoRa (De efault) or FSK K mode Set the R RF settings Set the pa acket settings Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 20 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2.1 PER Settin ngs Menu running in n FSK mod e For a give en modulation n, there is only a limited se et of parametters that can be set by the e user. Most of the parameters are set auttomatically in the software to keep the in nterface userr friendly. Set the RF Band (868MH Hz or 915MH Hz) Set the RF frequency (w within the band d) Set the Bitrrate: 4.8kbps,, 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, 3 38.4kbps, 57..6kbps or 100kbps Set the Outtput Power bo oost (module dependent)) Set the RF output powerr Set the e inter-packett delay Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 21 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2.2 PER Packet Settings s Menu run nning in FS SK mode S Set Device ID D E Enable or Disa able the paylo oad CRC S Set the payloa ad size (in Byytes): 9, 16, 2 24, 48 or 64 In FSK mo ode, the paylo oad is built in the following g way: P Preamble (8 Bytes) SyncWord (0 0x690x810x7E0x96) Payload ngth len (1 Byte) B E Enable or Dissable payload CRC Payload d (Platfo orm ID, 32bit p acket cnt, `P', `EE', 'R', FCS, `Padd ding [xx Bytes]') CRC (2 Bytes) The preamble length, the SyncWo ord and the basic b payload d structure ca annot be cha anged by the user. However, the payload length is adju ustable and the `Padding' field will incrrease or decre ease depend ding of the payloa ad size. The CRC can als so be enabled d or disabled from the paccket settings m menu. All in a all the smallest packet p will be 22 bytes long g and the longest packet w will be 78 byte es long in tota al. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 22 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2.3 PER Settin ngs Menu running in n LoRa mod de Set the RF Band (868MHz or 915MH Hz) Set the RF frequency (w within the band) Set the Sprreading factorr: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 Set the Erro or Coding: 4/5, 4/6, 4/7, 4//8 Set the Ban ndwidth (mod dule dependent)) Set the Ou utput Power b boost (module e dependentt) Set the in nter-packet de elay Set the RF outp put power Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 23 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2.4 PER Packet Settings s Menu run nning in Lo oRa mode S Set Device ID E Enable or Disa able payload CRC S Set the payloa ad size (in Byytes): 9, 16, 2 24, 48 or 64 E Enable or Disa able Low Dattarate O Optimization ((mandatory fo or SF12 and S SF11 In LoRa mode, m the pay yload is built in n the following way: Pre eamble (8 Symb.) Header H (8 Symb.) Payyload (P Platform ID, 32b bit packet cnt, `PP', `E', 'R', FCS, `PPadding [xx Bytees]') CRC (2 Bytess) The preamble length, the Header and the basic payload structure can nnot be chan nged by the user. However, the payload length is adju ustable and the `Padding' field will incrrease or decre ease depend ding of the payloa ad size. The CRC C can also o be enabled or disabled frrom the packe et settings me enu. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 24 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2.5 PER TX Mode Once the RF paramete ers are set, pu utting the Eige er module in T TX mode will initiate the packet transmission. The TX window w display ys the RF parrameters and the number o of packet sen nt since the be eginning of th he test. PER Tx window w in Lora a mode: TX Mo odulation para ameters Numbe er of packet ssent Reset the counter w in FSK K mode: PER Tx window TX Mo odulation parrameters Numb ber of packet sent Resett the counter Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 25 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.2.6 PER RX Mode M PER Rx window w in Lora mode: Indicate th he SNR Indicate th he RSSI Packet ind dicator Number off correct packket received Number off packet misse ed Number off non PER pa acket received PER Re eset the PER counter c In LoRa mode, m when sub-noise rece eption is occu urring (SNR < 0), the displa ayed RSSI va alue is extrapolatted using the SNR indicato or. When the SNR > 0, the e actual SNR is not computted and the value is clamped. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 26 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS PER Rx window w in FSK K mode: Indicate the e RSSI Packket indicator Num mber of correcct packet rece eived Num mber of packet missed Num mber of non PER packet received PER R Reset the PER cou unter Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 27 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 5.2.3 PER P Rx Ba ar-graph de, a bar-grap ph indicates the t distribution of the errorr over time. Th his is especia ally useful to d detect In Rx mod the cause e of the error, whether a burst b of noise e in the frequ uency band o or if the devicce in in the limit of reception range. The examples e belo ow highlight what w each casse looks like: Here, the device is at the limit of the e reception ra ange Blue: th he reception is good and w we are receiving every p packet sent Yellow: We have so ome disturban nce in the ffrequency ban nd or we are arriving g at the limit rrange of reception and we start missing packetss. As we can n see in the picture p below, the device lo ost many packkets in a shorrt amount of time. Yellow: We have ha ad a strong bu urst of noise e in the band and we have e missed d most of the packet during ga small a amount of time The link has improve ed and we arre packets after tthe only miissing a few p original noise burst. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 28 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6 SX X1276SK KA Softw ware Des scription n The SX12 276SKA is organized o on n a PC softw ware GUI co ommunicating g through US SB with the Eiger platforms.. In this situa ation, the Eig ger platforms are only ussed as a gate eway to com mmunicate witth the SX1276. 6.1 SX X1276SKA A Quick start s Guid de It is recom mmended thatt this user guide is read in conjunction w with the SX12 276 datashee et. 1. Plug the Eiger Platform USB ports to the e computer (o one USB is used to powerr the platform while th he other USB is used for co ommunication n). 2. Run R the SX127 76 User Interfface software e: Start > All P Programs > S SX1276SKA > SX1276SKA A 3. The SX1276SK KA should co onnect automatically to the e User Interfa ace Software. If not, click o on the USB U connect button, b located in the top le eft hand corne er of the wind dow toolbar. 4. Once O connecte ed the SX127 76SKA shows s the default cconfiguration of the SX127 76 register se ettings up pon power-up p. If the EVK is not connec cted, the GUII screen is gra ayed out and d an error messsage is s displayed in the bottom le eft hand corne er of the statu us bar. Connect tthese two US SB to power the Eiger platforms Connec ct these two USB to commu unicate with the Eiger platform ms Figure F 8: Connect both USB U ports to o use the SX1 1276SKA Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 29 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS The SX12 276SKA has been develo oped to test all the capa bilities and ffeatures of th he FSK and LoRa modems present in the device. Ho owever, both modems havve different ccontrol comma ust be ands and mu operated independently. Opens Registers wind dow Re efresh all regis sters value et Radio in Lo oRa or FSK Se Connect or disconnect to o the module Save Radio o configuration n Load Radio Configuration SX1276SK KA Version Eiger Mo odule Firmware Version SX X1276 Chipse et Version Radio conffig file currently lo oaded Fig gure 9: SX127 76 window o organization While this s approach has h limitation on testing th he system ca apability of th he device, it allows the usser to thoroughly y evaluate the e device from m the radio point of view This chap pter is presen nting the vario ous windows and field tha at controls the e radio opera ations. While some controls can c be obviou us, some othe ers may need the user to rrefer to the da atasheet to ge et a full descrription of the com mmands. A load rad dio configurattion is implem mented and allows the open ning of SX1276SKA config guration files (.cfg). This is im mplemented th hrough a stan ndard Window ws file dialog box and mayy also be acccessed throug gh the short cut buttons b of the e Window Too olbar. In the sam me way, it is s possible to save the SX X1276SKA co onfiguration fiiles (.cfg). Th his is implem mented through a standard Win ndows file dia alog box. The default file na ame is the lasst configuratio on file saved.. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 30 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS For refere ence purposes, it is possib ble to display the register m map of the de evice. This ca an help the user to refer to the datasheet register r when n testing the device. d Figure 10: Register ttable For adva ance user on nly, it is also o possible to read or w write the reg gister directlyy by pressing the <CTRL>+ +<ALT>+<T> keys of the PC P keyboard simultaneous s ly. This wind dow allows th he user to wrrite to and re ead from the contents of iindividual con nfiguration re egister addresses s. Note that address a and data d are enterred in hexade ecimal format.. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 31 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.2 Lo oRa Mode e 6.2.1 LoRa L Menu u By defaultt, when the application is la aunched, the SX1276SKA A is configured d in LoRa. Refresh all a registers va alue Direct ac ccess to sub menu m Opens Reg gisters window w he Modem IRQ and Modem m status Indicates th Indicates the e Modem ope erating Mode Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 32 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.2.2 LoRa L Com mmon Wind dow 1 5 2 3 6 4 Figu ure 11: SX127 76SKA Boot--up windows s 1: meters for the Radio. Set the defaultt basic param 2: eters related to the transm mission of the data such ass output powe er. Set the parame 3: a such as AG Set the parame eters related to the receptiion of the data GC or LNA bo oost settings. 4: Set the mappin ng for the dev vice IO pins. The T Status off the IO is then displayed o over time in th he se ection 5 of the e window. 5: This section indicates the modem m and DIOs status 6: Set the operatiing mode of the device. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 33 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.2.3 LoRa L Para ameters Window W 4 1 2 3 Figurre 12: LoRa Radio R param meters window w 1: Set the Radio settings for th he LoRa modulation 2: Details D status of o the reception 3: Set the payload to be transm mitted controll the emission n or reception n of the radio 4: Enable or disable the IRQ related to the LoRa modula ation Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 34 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3 FS SK Mode 6.3.1 FSK F Menu The FSK menu is orga anized around d several wind dows allowing g the user to set the radio o step by step p. The detail of each e window is i described from f section 5.2.1.1 5 onwarrd. Some info ormation are however h glob bal to the FSK K radio operattion and are tthus displayed d on every window as shown on figure 9. Refres sh all registers s value Opens Registers win ndow RSSI / Spectrum An nalyzer es the Modem m IRQ status Indicate Indicates the Modem ope erating Mode Figure F 13: FS SK window s structure In FSK mo ode, it is poss sible to perforrm a quantitative spectrum m analysis butt reading the RSSI value a across a range of o Frequency. It is also pos ssible to have e a qualitative e measureme ent of the RSS SI as it is dettected by the chipsets. This tool t is especially useful when a more e expensive sp pectrum analyyzer is not at hand reach. When Mo onitor is set to o ON, the GU UI will constan ntly scan the status of the FSK IRQ reg gister and dissplays the status s on the right hand side of the t GUI. Setting Monitor to o OFF disable es this feature es. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 35 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.2 Common C window w 1 2 3 Figure F 14: FS SK Common n window The Com mmon window w allows the e user to se et the comm on Tx/Rx pa arameters fo or the modullation. Paramete ers such as th he modulation type (FSK or OOK), Fre equency, Bitrrate, frequenccy deviation o or the oscillator details can be e entered in this window. When Fre equency Hopping is used, the control bit b "Fast Hop ing" need to be set so tha at the interna al PLL can optim mize to jump frrom one frequ uency to the next n in the sm mallest amoun nt of time. It is also in this window w that the Gau ussian Filter parameter p is sset for the transmission. A general description would w be: 1: Set the genera al parameters for the modu ulation 2: Set the modula ation Type an nd the Gaussian filter param meter (Tx On nly) 3: Set the oscillattors paramete ers Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 36 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.3 Transmitte T er window w 1 2 3 4 Figure 15: FSK Transmitte er window As indicatted through itts name, the transmitter t window w groupss the configurration parame eters related to the transmiss sion: 1: This field allow ws the user to select the radio output pin n. Depending of the SX127 76 module ve ersion, it may or may not n be possib ble to select th he RFO pin a s output. 2: Set the output power of the radio. The maximum m outp put power is 2 20dBm. 3: Overload O curre ent protection 4: PLL Bandwidth h Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 37 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.4 Receiver R window w 1 8 5 2 6 7 9 3 4 Figure 16: FS SK Receiverr window This window allows the e user to set the t parameterrs for the paccket reception n: 1: h filter and set the AFC recception bandw width filter Set the receptiion bandwidth Please, note th hat the AFC bandwidth b filte er is disregard ded if AFC Au uto is set to O OFF 2: Enable or disable the AGC and set the step threshold d (I am not sure what it doe es actually) 3: Enable or disable the pream mble detector and set the p preamble dete ector parame eters. Please, note th hat the pream mble detector must be enab bled if the recception is trigg gered on prea amble de etection. 4: Enable or disable the LNA boost b 5: Enable or disable the AFC and a read the FEI 6: Control C the RS SSI detection.. If the recepttion is triggere red on the RS SSI detection,, these param meters alllow controllin ng the level of o RSSI triggering the recception and ssmoothing the e peak detecctor to av void false dettection in case e of random peak p in the fre equency band d. 7: These parame eters control th he events tha at trig a recep ption and the behavior of th he receiver in n case off collision 8: Enable or Disa able the bit sy ynchronizer an nd configure tthe OOK dem modulator 9: Set internal tim ming between events Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 38 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.5 IR RQ and Map window w 1 2 3 4 Fig gure 17: FSK K IRQ and Ma ap window The IRQ and a Mapping window is us sed to set and d control the I RQs in the de evice: 1: In ndicates the current c status of the device e 2: Enable or disable the pream mble detection n IRQ (when starting on RSSI detection n) 3: Configures C the e IRQ and how w they are ma apped with th he DIOs of the e device. 4: Disable D or Ena able and set th he clock out of o the device Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 39 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.6 Packet P Han ndler wind dow 1 2 4 3 Figure 18: FSK Packet Hand dler window The packe et handler is the t main interrface window ws to control th he transmission or receptio on of packetss once the radio has been settup. Whether in transmissio on or receptio on, this windo ow allow the u user to define ed the ed or to be rec ceived packet to be transmitte 1: This field allow ws the user to define the pa acket structurre. 2: Once O the pack ket structure has been de efined, this vie ew allows the e user that a all each field of the pa acket structurre is set corre ectly. 3: oad to be tran nsmitted or display the payyload received d. Enter the paylo 4: Control C the pac cket handler transmission t or reception. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 40 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.7 Sequencer S r window Figure F 19: FS SK Sequence er window The sequencer window w allows the user u to setup the internal sstate machine e of the devicce and contro ol how the device e will react fo ollowing an ev vent. For morre information n on the FSK internal state e machine, pllease, refer to the datasheet. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 41 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 6.3.8 Temperatu T ure window w Fig gure 20: FSK K Temperatu ure window The SX12 276 is fitted with w an internal temperature sensor. N Note that use er is prompte ed to calibratte the SX1276 temperature t sensor s by cliicking on the e Calibrate bu utton to acce ess the temp perature calib bration dialog box x. If auto calib bration is set,, a new calibrration will be performed at every tempe erature change that exceeds the t threshold.. Threshold va alue could be e set to 5, 10, 15 and 20C C. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 42 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 7 Ho ow to... 7.1 ... perform a simple e transmiission / re eception in LoRa Performin ng a simple Trransmission - Reception in n LoRa is fairrly straight forrward. First, the user needs to o set the RF transmission parameters: p Set the fre equency Second, the user need ds to set the LoRa L modulattion paramete ers: Set the Spre eading Factor Set the Cod ding Rate Set the Ban ndwidth Optimize trransmission for Low Da atarate OFF (mandatoryy for SF11 an nd SF12 with BW=125KHzz) Set the Pa ayload Click "Sta art" to start Trransmitting Set the Deviice in Transm mitter Mode It is important to notic ce that the de evice mode of o operation iss standby be etween packe ets, this is wh hy the Operating g mode is left in "Standby". Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 43 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS On the Re eception side, the principle e is exactly the e same. We ffirst need to sset the basic rradio parameters: Set the fre equency n to set th he device in re eception afterr setting the L Lora modulatiion parameters. Then we need Set the S Spreading Facctor Set the C Coding Rate Set the B Bandwidth Enable tthe payload C CRC check Optimizze transmissio on for Low dattarate OFF (mandatory for SF11 and SF12) Click "Start" to start Receivin ng Set th he Device in R Receiver At this sta age, the trans smission - rec ception should d be complette and the use er should see e the LEDs blinking on the Eig ger platforms.. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 44 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 7.2 ... perform a simple e transmiission / re eception in FSK First, you need to set the RF parameters for the transmission: t : Set the fre equency: 915,000,000 Hz Set the bitrate: 19,200 b bps Set the Fre equency deviation: 50,000 0 Hz In the transmitter, rece eters can be left at their d eiver and IRQ Q windows, all a the parame default values and then we simply s need to o set our pack ket structure. Set the prreamble size: 5 Set the pre eamble polarity: 0x55 Set the Syync Word size e: 4 Set the Syync Word: 0x6 69- 0x81-... Set the pa acket length: vvariable Set the pa ayload: 0xA1-0 0xA2-... Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 45 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS At this sta age the radio is fully configured on the trransmitter sid de. We can no ow set the de evice in Transsmitter mode so that t packets are a ready to be b sent from the t device. Tx Pacckets: Indicate es the numbe er of packetts sent Set the e Device in Trransmitter Mo ode A sma all control window appears allowin ng the user to o set the number of packets to be sent. Setting the vvalue to `0' w will make the device transm mitting indefin nitely. ending packe ets, simply clic ck on the "Sta art" button. To start se Notice e the green LED indicating g when a packet is sent Press "Start" to sta art sending pa ackets Press "Stop" to stop sending packets ce is now sen nding packet.. You can als so see the Ye ellow LED fla ashing on the e Eiger modu ules to The devic indicate th hat the device e is currently transmitting. t Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 46 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS We must now configure e the receiver side. Open a new window w of the SX12 276SKA and configure the e radio or the transmitter side. The e process is id dentical: as done fo Set the fre equency: 915 5,000,000 Hz Set the bittrate: 19,200 bps Set the Frrequency deviation: 50,000 0 Hz In the rece eiver, it is nec cessary to set some param meters to conffigure the recceiver. Set the Rxx Bandwidth: 100,000 Hz Set the AF FC Auto: ON Set the AF FC Auto clearr: ON Set the Fre equency deviiation: 50,000 0 Hz Set AGC Auto: ON Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 47 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS To finish, the user mus st simply set the packet handler parame eters as in Tx: Set the pre eamble size: 5 Set the pre eamble polaritty: 0x55 Set the Syn nc Word size: 4 Set the Syn nc Word: 0x69- 0x81-... Set the paccket length: vvariable Press "Starrt" to start recceiving packetts Set the Devvice in Receivver Mode The re eceived payload is displaye ed here Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration Number of pa acket receive ed age 48 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 7.3 ... perform Continuous trans smission n and Rec ception in n LoRa It is possible to set th he SX1276 in n Continuous Tx mode to perform a sspectral evalu uation of the LoRa modulatio on. In this mod de, the SX1276 will be goiing through th he FiFo and ssend whateve er data are prresent in the RAM M. Set the d device in continuo ous TX mode s the devic ce in Continuous Rx mod e. In this mo ode, the deviice is continu uously It is also possible to set ent from the trransmitter. receiving the packet se Set the d device in continuo ous RX mode Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 49 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 6 Developm ment Kit USER R GUIDE W WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PR RODUCTS 7.4 ... Log the Transmittted or Re eceived p packets The SX12 276SKA has a logging fac cility which allows a the use er to get the exact time sstamps at wh hich a packet ha as been sent or o received an nd with all the e information related to thiss packet. Start S the Logg ging of the tra ansmitted or re eceived packkets Depending if you are in n FSK mode or o in LoRa mo ode, a differe nt pop-up win ndow will app pear: In FSK mode, the pa acket logger a allows to the u user to only lo og a limited amount a of pa acket (indicate ed by the valu ue "Max Samp ples"). Then, when w the packkets are being g transmitted or received, the numberr of desired pa ackets will be e logged in the e file selected d. In LoRa mo ode, the packe et logger is enabled or disabled. O Once enabled,, all transmitte ed or received d packets willl be logged in n the selected d file until the packet logg ger is disabled d. When enab bling the packket logger, it iss possible to start a com plete new log g in a new file or to append d an existing file . Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Se emtech Corpo oration age 50 of 53 Pa w www.semtech h.com SX1276 Development Kit USER GUIDE WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PRODUCTS 7.5 ... perform a CW or PN9 Tx test on the SX1276 The SX1276 does not have a dedicated CW or PN9 Tx test mode implemented. However, it is possible to perform this test manually by setting the device in Tx continuous mode, and feed PN9/15 data stream to the DATA pin (DIO2/DATA), from a signal generator. 7.6 ... check the frequency accuracy of the SX1276 module There is a very simple way to get the frequency error of the sx1276 modules. The core idea is to set the device in FSK and to set the frequency deviation to 0. In this case, the device will only emit a signal at the center frequency. The difference between the measured value and the set value gives you the frequency error. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Semtech Corporation Page 51 of 53 www.semtech.com SX1276 Development Kit USER GUIDE WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PRODUCTS 8 Troubleshooting Each Eiger platform, radio module or software kit has been thoroughly tested before to be released for customer evaluation. The section below highlights some of the common issues faced by users and how it can be fixed. 8.1 The Eiger platform indicates very high PER even in short range There are several reasons which can have a dramatic influence over the performance of the platform. One of the common reasons is that the frequency selected is in the GSM or in another already used frequency band. If the frequency you have selected is already used by another RF system, the communication will obviously be affected. We therefore recommend to the user to check the RF band usage in his location before to start any PER testing. 8.2 The communication range in Lora is very poor There are two aspects which can limit the LoRa performances: the emission power and the antenna. Please, make sure that we are using enough power to reach the distance you want to achieve. The Eiger platform can output up to 20dBm signals. The other aspect is the antenna, please, make sure the antenna you are using is designed to operate at the frequency region you are transmitting in. 8.3 The SX1276SKA do not detect the device through the USB This issue is usually caused by a wrong connection of the USB The step below should fix the issue. 1- Make sure the Eiger Platform is powered down (Battery switch set to 0) and is not connected to the PC through the USB. 2- Reconnect the side USB to the PC, the red LED on the left side should light up 3- Connect the bottom USB to the PC. 4- Power the device up (Battery switch set to 1) 5- Press the five-way central push button until the screen light up. 6- Launch the SX1276SKA on the PC 8.4 The Eiger platform does not seem to work anymore The battery is probably empty and you should connect the device through the side USB to a computer for a few hours, time for the battery to charge. 8.5 The Eiger platform touch screen is not accurate This is probably due to a miss-calibration of the touch screen. In this situation, the user should reset the touch screen calibration and perform an accurate calibration using the stylus provided. Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Semtech Corporation Page 52 of 53 www.semtech.com SX1276 Development Kit USER GUIDE WIRELESS, SENSING & TIMING PRODUCTS (c) Semtech 2014 All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Semtech assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any failure or unexpected operation resulting from misuse, neglect improper installation, repair or improper handling or unusual physical or electrical stress including, but not limited to, exposure to parameters beyond the specified maximum ratings or operation outside the specified range. SEMTECH PRODUCTS ARE NOT DESIGNED, INTENDED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED TO BE SUITABLE FOR USE IN LIFE-SUPPORT APPLICATIONS, DEVICES OR SYSTEMS OR OTHER CRITICAL APPLICATIONS. INCLUSION OF SEMTECH PRODUCTS IN SUCH APPLICATIONS IS UNDERSTOOD TO BE UNDERTAKEN SOLELY AT THE CUSTOMER'S OWN RISK. Should a customer purchase or use Semtech products for any such unauthorized application, the customer shall indemnify and hold Semtech and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs damages and attorney fees Contact Information Semtech Corporation Wireless & Sensing Products Division 200 Flynn Road, Camarillo, CA 93012 Phone: (805) 498-2111 Fax: (805) 498-3804 E-mail: sales@semtech.com support_rf@semtech.com Internet: http://www.semtech.com Revision 1.1 - May 2014 (c)2014 Semtech Corporation Page 53 of 53 www.semtech.com