284-U 115V - Fluke Electronics

Technical Data

280 Series

Waveform Generators

A selection of universal waveform generators

offering superior performance and excellent value

These universal waveform generators combine many generators in one

instrument. Their extensive signal simulation capabilities include arbitrary

waveforms, function generator, pulse/pulse train generator, sweep gener-

ator, trigger generator, tone generator, and amplitude modulation source.

Key features:

•Choice of one, two and four

independent or linked channels

•40 MS/s max. sampling speed

•16 MHz function generator

•10 MHz pulse generator

•Pulse train pattern generator

•Arbitrary waveforms of up to

65 k points

•Powerful modulation capabilities

•Built-in trigger generators

•Waveform Manager Plus for

Windows®software

•Multiple standard waveforms

recalled from internal memory

•RS-232 and GPIB interfaces

The 281, 282, and 284 Waveform Generators use

direct digital synthesis techniques as well as variable

clock sampling technology to provide a fully featured

programmable function and arbitrary waveform capa-

bility. The 281, 282 and 284 are 40 MS/s arbitrary

waveform generators with one, two, and four chan-

nels, respectively.

Waveform Manager Plus Software provides all

the features needed for creation, manipulation and

management of arbitrary waveforms within a single

Windows®-based program.

Single or multiple channels

The 28x series comprises a single-channel model

(281), two-channel (282) and four-channel (284).

Each channel can be operated fully independently,

or multiple channels can be linked using simple or

complex relationships.

Waveforms

Standard waveforms include: sine, square, triangle,

dc, positive ramp, negative ramp, sine(x)/x, pulse,

pulse train, cosine, haversine and havercosine. Output

frequency range is 0.1 mHz to 16 MHz for sine and

square and up to 100 kHz for triangle, ramps and

sine(x)/x. Rise time for pulse is < 25 ns with a period

range of 100 ns to 100 s. Output amplitude range can

be adjusted from 2.5 mV to 10 V p-p into 50 Ω.

284 Waveform Generator

281 Waveform Generator

2 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators

Versatile pulse generator capabilities

Each channel can generate not just pulses but com-

plex pulse trains. A pattern of up to 10 pulses can be

quickly defined with each pulse having its own ampli-

tude, width and delay. The whole pulse train pattern

can then be replayed at a user-defined repetition rate.

Where variable rise time pulses are required, the full

arbitrary function can be used.

Arbitrary capability unmatched at this price

The 280 Series are highly sophisticated 12-bit arbi-

trary generators, capable of recreating virtually any

waveform. True variable clock architecture is used,

with clock speeds between 0.1 Hz and 40 MHz. This

architecture avoids the clock jitter associated with DDS

arbitrary generators and permits waveform linking,

looping and sequencing. Waveforms may be defined

with up to 4,096 vertical points and from 4 to 65,536

horizontal points. Arbitrary waveforms may be

replayed at a specified waveform frequency, period or

sample rate. Up to 100 user-defined waveforms can be

stored within the instrument’s 256 K of nonvolatile

memory.

Linked-sequence operation

Up to sixteen arbitrary waveforms may be linked in a

sequence. Each waveform can have a loop count of up

to 32,768 and the whole sequence can be run contin-

uously or repeated more than a million times. For

multi-channel models, waveforms on different chan-

nels can be daisy chained and looped. By summing

the channel outputs, up to 64 segments can be used

to create highly complex waveforms.

Multi-channel phase locking

Any number of channels can be phase locked with

offsets defined to a resolution of 0.1 degree (or 360

degrees/waveform points for arbitrary waveforms).

For applications requiring more than four channels,

multiple generators can be phase locked. The 280

Series also has the facility for phase locking to another

generator.

Multi-channel summing

Waveform summing sums the waveform from any

channel into the next channel. Alternatively, any

number of channels can be summed with an external

signal. This permits complex modulations, such as

noise superimposition, to be created.

Inter-channel triggering and modulation

Because any channel can be triggered by the previous

or next channel, waveforms on different channels can

be daisy chained and looped. By summing the chan-

nel outputs, up to 64 segments can be used (32 seg-

ments for 282). A channel can be used to AM

modulate or SCM modulate another channel.

Wide frequency sweep range

All waveforms can be swept over their full frequency

range at a rate variable between 30 milliseconds and

15 minutes. Sweep can be linear or logarithmic, single

or continuous. Single sweeps can be triggered from

the front panel, the trigger input, or the digital inter-

faces. Multiple channels can be swept simultaneously.

Amplitude modulation

Amplitude modulation and suppressed carrier modula-

tion are available for all waveforms. Any channel can

be used to modulate another channel. Alternatively, all

channels can be modulated simultaneously via the

modulation input.

Built-in trigger generator

All waveforms are available as a triggered burst,

whereby each trigger edge will produce one burst of

the carrier. Start and stop phase is fully variable. Both

triggered and gated modes can be operated from the

internal trigger generator, from an adjacent channel,

an external source or a key press or remote command.

The trigger generator signal is available as a separate

output if required.

Tone switching

The 280 Series can provide triggered switching

between up to 16 frequencies of standard or arbitrary

waveforms. Tone switching modes can be gated, trig-

gered or FSK using any trigger source. By summing

two channels together it is possible to generate pre-

cise DTMF test signals.

Windows®-based waveform editing

Each generator is supplied complete with sophisti-

cated Windows-based software for the creation, edit-

ing and management of waveforms. This powerful

software can be used to create arbitrary waveforms

from scratch using drawing tools, equations or both

together. Real-world waveforms imported from DSOs

or other sources can be modified and combined with

other waveforms using editing functions. A library of

standard waveforms is included which can be used as

“elements” when creating or modifying waveforms. A

powerful Equation Editor provides an array of mathe-

matical functions, including logarithmic and geometric

operands. Waveform creation and editing can make

use of drawing tools in combination with equations,

insertion and manipulation. Multiple waveforms can

be further combined using mathematical operators to

create new waveforms.

Import from DSOs and other instruments

The Windows software incorporates direct support for

uploading waveforms from Tektronix digital oscillo-

scopes. A driver for LabWindows™/CVI from National

Instruments is available which enables imports from

other equipment to be achieved within the LabWin-

dows environment.

Fully programmable via RS-232 or GPIB

The 280 Series incorporates both an RS-232 interface

and a GPIB (IEEE-488) interface as standard. These

can be used for loading arbitrary waveforms and for

remote control of all instrument functions.

3 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators

280 Series Specifications

Specifications apply at 18 °C to 28 °C after 30 minutes warm-up, at maximum output into 50 Ω.

Arbitrary waveforms

Waveforms Maximum waveform size is 65,536 points; minimum waveform size is 4 points. Up to 100 user defined

waveforms may be stored in the 256 K point nonvolatile RAM. Waveforms can be defined by front panel editing

controls or by downloading of waveform data via RS-232 or GPIB.

Waveform memory 64 k points per channel

Vertical resolution 12 bits

Sample clock 100 mHz to 40 MHz

Resolution 4 digits

Accuracy ± 1 digit of setting

Sequencing Up to 16 waveforms may be linked. Each waveform can have a loop count of up to 32,768. A sequence of

waveforms can be looped up to 1,048,575 times or run continuously.

Output filter Selectable between 16 MHz Elliptic, 10 MHz Elliptic, 10 MHz Bessel or none

Standard waveforms

All Waveforms

Accuracy 10 ppm for 1 year

Temp. stability Typically < 1 ppm/ºC.

Output level 2.5 mV to 10 Vpp into 50 Ω

Sine, Cosine, Haversine, Havercosine

Range 0.1 mHz to 16 MHz

Resolution 0.1 mHz or 7 digits

Harmonic distortion < 0.1 % THD to 100 kHz;

< –65 dBc to 20 kHz,

< –50 dBc to 300 kHz,

< –35 dBc to 10 MHz

< –30 dBc to 16 MHz

Nonharmonic spurii < –65 dBc to 1 MHz,

< –65 dBc + 6 dB/octave 1 MHz to 16 MHz

Square

Range 1 mHz to 16 MHz

Resolution 1 mHz (4 digits)

Accuracy ± 1 digit of setting

Rise/fall times < 25 ns

Pulse and Pulse Train

Rise/fall times < 25 ns

Period range 100 ns to 100 s

Period resolution 4 digit

Accuracy±1 digit of setting

Delay range –99.99 s to + 99.99 s

Delay resolution 0.002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater

Width range 25 ns to 99.99 s

Width resolution 0.002 % of period or 25 ns, whichever is greater

Triangle

Range 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz

Resolution 0.1 mHz or 7 digits

Linearity error < 0.1 % to 30 kHz

Ramps and Sin(x)/x

Range 0.1 mHz to 100 kHz

Resolution 0.1 mHz (7 digits)

Linearity error 0.1 % to 30 kHz

Note: The pulse width and absolute value of the delay may not exceed the pulse period at any time. Pulse trains of up to 10 pulses may be speci-

fied, each pulse having independently defined width, delay and level. The baseline voltage is separately defined and the sequence repetition

rate is set by the pulse train period.

4 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators

280 Series Specifications cont.

Operating modes

Continuous

Waveform runs continuously

Triggered Burst

Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform

Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary

Max. Carrier Frequency 40 Ms/s for ARB and Sequence. 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform.

Number of cycles 1 to 1,048,575

Trigger repetition 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external

Trigger signal source Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or remote

interface.

Trigger start/stop phase ± 360 ° settable with 0.1 ° resolution, subject to waveform frequency and type

Gated

Waveform will run while the Gate signal is true and stop while false

Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary

Max. carrier frequency 40 Ms/s for ARB and Sequence. 1 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform.

Number of cycles 1 to 1,048,575

Trigger repetition 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external

Gate signal source Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or

remote interface.

Gate start/stop phase ± 360 ° settable with 0.1 ° resolution, subject to waveform frequency and type

Tone Switching

Frequency sweep capability is provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to

exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to perform the sweep.

Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary except pulse, pulse train and sequence

Sweep mode Linear or logarithmic, triggered or continuous

Sweep direction Up, down, up/down or down/up

Sweep range From 1 mHz to 16 MHz in one range. Phase continuous. Independent setting of the start and stop frequency.

Sweep time 30 ms to 999 s

Marker Variable during sweep

Sweep trigger source The sweep may be free run or triggered from the following sources: Manually from keyboard.

Externally from TRIG IN input or remote interface.

Sweep hold Sweep can be held and restarted by the HOLD key

Multi channel sweep Any number of channels may be swept simultaneously but the sweep parameters will be the same for all

channels. Amplitude, Offset and Waveform can be set independently for each channel.

Tone Switching

Capability provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms. Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and

DDS techniques are used to allow instantaneous frequency switching.

Carrier waveforms All except pulse, pulse train and sequence

Frequency list Up to 16 frequencies from 1 mHz to 10 MHz

Trigger repetition rate 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz internal. DC to 1 MHz external. Usable repetition rate and waveform frequency depend

on the tone switching mode.

Source Internal from keyboard, previous channel, next channel or trigger generator. External from TRIG IN or

remote interface.

Tone switching modes

Gated The tone is output while the trigger signal is true and stopped, at the end of the current waveform cycle,

while the trigger signal is false. The next tone is output when the trigger signal is true again.

Triggered The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output, at the end of the current

waveform cycle, when the trigger signal goes true again.

FSK The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output, immediately, when the

trigger signal goes true again. Using 2 channels with their outputs summed together it is possible to generate

DTMF test signals.

Trigger Generator

Internal source 0.005 Hz to 100 kHz square wave adjustable in 10 us steps. 3-digit resolution. Available for external use from any

SYNC OUT socket.

5 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators

280 Series Specifications cont.

Outputs

Main Output — One for each channel

Output impedance 50 Ω

Amplitude 5 mV to 20 Vpp open circuit (2.5 mV to 10 Vpp into 50 Ω). Amplitude can be specified open circuit (hi Z) or

into an assumed load of 50 Ωor 600 ΩVp-p, Vrms or dBm.

Amplitude accuracy 2 % ± 1 mV at 1 kHz into 50 Ω

Amplitude flatness ± 0.2 dB to 200 kHz; ± 1 dB to 10 MHz; ± 2.5 dB to 16 MHz

DC offset range ± 10 V from 50 Ω. Offset plus signal peak limited to ± 10 V

DC offset accuracy Typically 3 % ± 10 mV, unattenuated

Resolution 3 digits or 1 mV for both amplitude and dc offset

Sync Out — One for each channel

Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following:

Waveform sync A square wave with 50 % duty cycle at the main waveform frequency, or a pulse coincident with the first few

(all waveforms) points of an arbitrary waveform.

Position markers Any point(s) on the waveform may have associated marker bit(s) set high or low

Burst done Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of a burst.

Sequence sync Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence.

Trigger Selects the current trigger signal. Useful for synchronizing burst or gated signals.

Sweep sync Outputs a pulse at the start of sweep to synchronize an oscilloscope or recorder.

Phase lock out Used to phase lock two generators. Produces a positive edge at the 0 ° phase point.

Output signal level TTL/CMOS logic levels from typically 50 Ω.

Cursor/marker out Adjustable output pulse for use as a marker in sweep mode or as a cursor in arbitrary waveform editing mode.

Can be used to modulate the Z axis of an oscilloscope or be displayed on a second ‘scope channel.

Output Signal Level: Adjustable from nominally 2 V to 14 V, normal or inverted; adjustable width as a cursor.

Output impedance 600 Ωtypical

Inputs

Trig In

Frequency range DC to 1 MHz

Signal range Threshold nominally TTL level; maximum input ± 10 V

Min. pulse width 50 ns, for Trigger/Gate; 50 us for Sweep mode

Polarity Selectable as high/rising edge or low/falling edge

Input impedance 10 kΩ

Modulation In

Frequency range DC to 100 kHz

VCA signal range Approximately 1 V pkpk for 100 % level change at maximum output

SCM signal range Approximately ± 1 V pk for maximum output

Input impedance Typically 1 kΩ

Sum In

Frequency range DC to 8 MHz

Signal range Approximately 2 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output

Input impedanceTypically 1 kΩ

Hold

Holds an arbitrary waveform at its current position. A TTL low level or switch closure causes the waveform to stop at the current position and

wait until a TTL high level or switch opening which allows the waveform to continue. The front panel MAN HOLD key or remote command

may also be used to control the Hold function. While held the front panel MAN TRIG key or remote command may be used to return the

waveform to the start. The Hold input may be enabled independently for each channel.

Input impedance10 k

Ω

Ref Clock In/Out

Set to input Input for an external 10 MHz reference clock. TTL/CMOS threshold level.

Set to output Buffered version of the internal 10 MHz clock. Output levels nominally 1 V and 4 V from 50 Ω

Set to phase lock Used together with SYNC OUT on a master and TRIG IN on a slave to synchronise (phase lock) two separate

generators.

6 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators

280 Series Specifications cont.

Interfaces

RS-232 Variable Baud rate, 9600 Baud maximum

IEEE-488 Conforms with IEEE488.1 and IEEE488.2

Software included Windows®-based software for waveform creation, editing and management is supplied.

Instrument drivers LabView and LabWindows CVI drivers are either supplied with the instrument or are available via your local

Fluke office

Inter-channel operation

Inter-Channel Modulation

The waveform from any channel may be used to Amplitude Modulate (AM) or Suppressed Carrier Modulate (SCM) the next channel.

Alternatively any number of channels may be Modulated (AM or SCM) with the signal at the MODULATION input socket.

Carrier frequency Entire range for selected waveform

Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary waveforms

Modulation types AM: Double sideband with carrier. SCM: Double sideband suppressed carrier

Modulation source Internal from the previous channel. External from Modulation input socket. The external modulation signal

may be applied to any number of channels simultaneously.

Frequency range DC to > 100 kHz

Internal AM depth 0 % to 105 %.

Internal AM resolution 1 %

Carrier suppression (SCM) > 40 dB

External modulation VCA: Approximately 1 V p-p for 100 % level change at maximum output

signal range SCM: Approximately ± 1 V pk for max. output

Inter-Channel Analogue Summing

Waveform Summing sums the waveform from any channel into the next channel. Alternatively any number of channels may be summed with

the signal at the SUM input socket.

Carrier frequency Entire range for selected waveform

Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary waveforms

Sum source Internal from the previous channel. External from SUM IN socket.

Frequency range DC to > 8 MHz

Ext. signal range Approx. 5 V p-p input for 20 V p-p output

Inter-Channel Phase Locking

Two or more channels may be phase locked together. Each locked channel may be assigned a phase angle relative to the other locked

channels. Arbitrary waveforms and waveform sequences may be phase locked but certain constraints apply to waveform lengths and clock

frequency ratios. With one channel assigned as the Master and other channels as Slaves a frequency change on the master will be repeated

on each slave thus allowing multiphase waveforms at the same frequency to be easily generated. DDS waveforms are those with 7 digits of

frequency setting resolution, while Non-DDS waveforms have 4 digits.

Phase resolution DDS waveforms: 0.1 degree or 360 degrees/number of points whichever is the greater

Non-DDS waveforms

Phase error < ± 10 ns all waveforms

The signals from the REF IN/OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to phase lock two instruments

where more than 4 channels are required.

Inter-Channel Triggering

Any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel. The previous/next connections can be used to ‘daisy chain’ a trigger signal

from a ‘start’ channel, through a number of channels in the ‘chain’ to an ‘end’ channel. Each channel receives the trigger out signal from the

previous (or next) channel, and drives its selected trigger out to the next (or previous) channel. The ‘end’ channel trigger out can be set up to

drive the ‘start’ channel, closing the loop. In this way, complex and versatile interchannel trigger schemes may be set up. Each channel can

have its trigger out and its output waveform set up independently. Trigger out may be selected from Waveform End, Position Markers,

Sequence Sync or Burst Done. Using the scheme above it is possible to create a sequence of up to 64 waveform segments, each channel

producing up to 16 segments and all channels being summed to produce the complete waveform at the output of channel 4.

Ordering

Information

Models

281 1 Channel 40 MS/s Arbitrary

Waveform Generator and

Waveform Manager Plus Software

282 2 Channel, 40 MS/s

Arbitrary Waveform Generator and

Waveform Manager Plus Software

284 4 Channel, 40 MS/s

Arbitrary Waveform Generator and

Waveform Manager Plus Software

Options and

Accessories

Y200H Rackmount Kit – half rack

(281)

Y200F Rackmount Kit – full rack

(282, 284)

280 Series Specifications cont.

7 Fluke Corporation 280 Series Waveform Generators

Fluke Corporation

PO Box 9090, Everett, WA USA 98206

Fluke Europe B.V.

PO Box 1186, 5602 BD

Eindhoven, The Netherlands

For more information call:

In the U.S.A. (800) 443-5853 or

Fax (425) 446-5116

In Europe/M-East/Africa (31 40) 2 675 200 or

Fax (31 40) 2 675 222

In Canada (800)-36-FLUKE or

Fax (905) 890-6866

From other countries +1 (425) 446-5500 or

Fax +1 (425) 446-5116

Web access: http://www.fluke.com/

Printed in U.S.A. 9/2005 2523650 D-EN-N Rev B

Fluke. Keeping your world

up and running.

General Specifications

Display 20 character x 4 row alphanumeric LCD

Data entry Keyboard selection of mode, waveform etc.; value entry direct by numeric keys or by rotary control

Stored settings Up to 9 complete instrument setups may be stored and recalled from battery-backed memory.

Up to 100 arbitrary waveforms can also be stored independent of the instrument settings.

Size 130 mm (3 U) height; 335 mm long; width 350 mm (282/284), 212 mm (281)

Weight 7.2 kg. (16 lb) (282/284); 4.1 kg (9 lb) (281)

Power 230 V, 115 V or 100 V nominal 50/60 Hz, adjustable internally; operating range ± 14 % of nominal;100 VA max.

for 4 channels, 75 VA max. for 2 channel, 40 VA max. for 1 channel. Installation Category II.

Operating range +5 °C to 40 °C, 20-80 % RH

Storage range –20 °C to + 60 °C

Environmental Indoor use at altitudes to 2000 m, Pollution Degree 2

Options 19-in rack mounting kit

Safety Complies with EN61010-1

EMC Complies with EN61326