Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw1
ANPEC reserves the right to make changes to improve reliability or manufacturability without notice, and
advise customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify before placing orders.
Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulator
FeaturesGeneral Description
Applications
The APL431 is a 3-terminal adjustable voltage reference
with specified thermal stability over applicable commer-
cial temperature ranges. Output voltage may be set to any
value between VREF (2.5 V) and 20 V with two external
resistors (See Figure 2). When used with an photocoupler,
the APL431 is an ideal voltage reference in isolated feed-
back circuits for 2.5V to 12V switching-mode power
supplies. This device has a typical output impedance of
0.1Ω. Active output circuitry provides a very sharp turn-on
characteristic, making the APL431 excellent replacements
for zener diodes in many applications, including on-board
regulation and adjustable power supplies.
•Precise Reference Voltage to 2.500V
•Guaranteed 0.5%, 1% or 2% Reference Voltage
Tolerance
•Sink Current Capability, 1mA to 100mA
•Quick Turn-On
•Adjustable Output Voltage, VO = VREF to 20V
•Low Operational Cathode Current, 250µA
Typical
•0.1Ω Typical Output Impedance
•SOT-23-3, SOT-23-5, SOT-89, SOP-8, and TO-92
Packages
•Lead Free and Green Devices Available
(RoHS Compliant)
•Linear Regulators
•Adjustable Power Supply
•Switching Power Supply
CathodeAnode
REF
Symbol
Functional Diagram
SOT-23-3 (Top View)
SOT-89 (Top View)
TO-92 (Top View)
SOP-8 (Top View)
SOT-23-5 (Top View)
Pin Configuration
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
1 2
3
REF ANODE
NC NC
CATHODE
1 2 3
45
REF ANODE CATHODE
1 2 3
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
ANODE
NC
ANODE
ANODE
NC
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
3
2
1
Vref
+
_
Cathode
REF
Anode
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw2
Symbol Parameter Rating Unit
VKA Cathode Voltage 21 V
IK Continuous Cathode Current Range 100 mA
IREF Reference Current Range 3 mA
TA Ambient Temperature Range APL431XXC
APL431XXI
0 to 70
-40 to 85 °C
TJ Junction Temperature Range APL431XXC
APL431XXI
0 to 150
-40 to 150 °C
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to 150 °C
TSOL Maximum Lead Soldering Temperature, 10 Seconds 260 °C
Ordering and Marking Information
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
Note: ANPEC lead-free products contain molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish; which
are fully compliant with RoHS. ANPEC lead-free products meet or exceed the lead-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C for
MSL classification at lead-free peak reflow temperature. ANPEC defines “Green” to mean lead-free (RoHS compliant) and halogen
free (Br or Cl does not exceed 900ppm by weight in homogeneous material and total of Br and Cl does not exceed 1500ppm by
weight).
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
APL431
Elec. Grade
Handling Code
Package Code
Elec. Grade
A : 0.5% Reference Voltage Tolerance
B : 1% Reference Voltage Tolerance
C : 2% Reference Voltage Tolerance
Package Code
A : SOT-23-3 B : SOT-23-5 D : SOT-89
E : TO-92 K : SOP-8 Y : Chip Form
Operating Ambient Temperature Range
C : 0 to 70 oC I : -40 to 85 oC
Handling Code
TB : Tape & Box TR : Tape & Reel
PB : Plastic & Box
Assembly Material
G : Halogen and Lead Free Device
APL
431
XXXXX XXXXX - Date Code
APL431 E :
APL431 D : APL431
XXXXX XXXXX - Date Code
APL431 A/B : 431
Assembly Material
Temperature Range
APL431 K : APL431
XXXXX XXXXX - Date Code
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw3
Symbol Parameter Typical Value Unit
θJA
Thermal Resistance from Junction to Ambient in Free Air (Note 2)
SOT-23
SOT-23-5
SOT-89
TO-92
SOP-8
416
357
250
250
210
°C/W
Electrical Characteristics TA= 25°C ( unless otherwise noted)
APL431
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
APL431A
2.487 2.500 2.513
APL431B
2.475 2.500 2.525
VREF Reference Voltage VKA=VREF, IK=10mA (Note 3)
APL431C
2.450 2.500 2.550
V
∆VREF / T Reference Voltage Drift
Over Temperature Range
VKA=VREF,IK=10mA
TA =0 to 70°C (Note 3)
TA =-40 to 85°C (Note 3) - -
20
30 mV
IK=10mA, VKA=VREF to 10V (Note 4) - -1.5 -3
∆VREF / ∆VKA
Voltage Ratio
(Open Loop Gain) IK=10mA, VKA=VREF to 20V (Note 4) - -1.2 -2.5 mV/V
IREF Reference Current IK=10mA, R1=10kΩ, R2=open (Note 4) - 1.0 3 µA
∆IREF/T Reference Current Drift IK=10mA, R1=10kΩ, R2=open,
TA= -40 to 85°C (Note 4) - 0.3 1 µA
IK(min) Min. Cathode Current VKA=VREF (Note 3) - 0.25 0.5 mA
IK(off) Off-state Cathode Current VKA= 20V, VREF= 0V (Note 5) - 0.1 1 µA
|ZKA| Dynamic Impedance VKA=VREF
IK=1mA to 100mA, f ≤1kHz (Note 3) - 0.1 0.4 Ω
IK Cathode Current - - 100 mA
Note 3 : use Figure 1
Note 4 : use Figure 2
Note 5 : use Figure 3
Figure 1. Test Circuit for
VKA=VREF , VO=VKA=VREF
Figure 2. Test Circuit for
VKA>VREF, VO= VKA= VREF× (1+R1/R2) + IREF × R1
Figure 3. Test Circuit for IK(off)
Test Figures
VIN IK
IREF
VREF
R1
R2
VO
VIN VO
IK
VREF
VO
VIN IK(off)
Thermal Characteristics
Note 2: θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw4
Typical Application Circuits
Precision Voltage Reference Precision High-Current Series Regulator
Notes for Typical Application Circuits:
1) For the series regulator applications, add a compensation capacitor C1 between CATHODE and REF is
strongly recommended to improve the stability of output voltage .
2) Set VO according to the following equation: VO = VREF(1+R1/R2)+lREF xR1
3) Choose the value for RB as below:
A) The maximum limit for RB should be such that the cathode current (lK) is greater than the minimum
operating current (0.5mA) at VIN(MIN).
B) The minimum limit for RB should be such that the cathode current (lK) does not exceed 100mA under all
load conditions, and the instantaneous turn-on value for lK does not exceed 120mA.
Vo
VIN
R2
R1
VREF
RBVO
VIN
RB
VREF
R2
R1
C1
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw5
2.47
2.475
2.48
2.485
2.49
2.495
2.5
2.505
2.51
2.515
2.52
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
-100
-50
0
50
100
-1 0 1 2 3
Typical Operating Characteristics
Cathode Current (µA)
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Cathode Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Reference Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Reference Input Current (µA)
Reference Input Current vs. Ambient
Temperature
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Cathode Voltage (V)
Cathode Current (mA)
0
-200
200
400
600
800
-1 0 1 2 3
IK-MIN
VKA=VREF
TA=25oC
VKA=VREF
IK=100mA
VKA=VREF
TA=25oC
R1=10kΩ
R2=
IK=10mA
∞
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw6
-2.25
-2
-1.75
-1.5
-1.25
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Pulse Response
Time (µS)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta
Cathode Voltage vs. Ambient Tmperature
Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to Delta
Cathode Voltage (mV/V)
Off-State Cathode Current vs. Ambient
Temperature
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Off-State Cathode Current (µA)
Input and Output Voltage (V)
Cathode Voltage (V)
Off State Cathode Current (µA)
Off State Cathode Current vs.
Cathode Voltage
Typical Operating Characteristics (Cont.)
VREF=0
TA=25 oC
VKA=20V
VREF=0 VKA=VREF to 20V
IKA=10mA
345678 9 10 11 12 13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Input
Output
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw7
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.01 0.1 1 10
Stability Boundary Conditions
Load Capacitance (µF)
Cathode Current (mA)
VKA=VREF
VKA=3.3VStable
Stable
Frequency (kHz)
Small-Signal Voltage Amplification (dB)
Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs.
Frequency
Typical Operating Characteristics (Cont.)
Reference Impedance (Ω)
Reference Impedance vs. Frequency
Frequency (Hz)Ambient Temperature(TA)
Power Dissipation vs. Ambient Temperature
Power Dissipation (W)
SOP-8
SOT-23 SOT-23-5
SOT-89 & TO-92
Safe Operation Region
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 10 100 1000
1k 200k2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k
100m
1
200m
300m
500m
IK=100mA
TA=25oC
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw8
VIN
R1
R2
VO
CL
IK
VIN VO
CL
IK
VIN
15kΩ
8.25kΩ
VO
10µF
232Ω
Voltage Amplification
Test Circuit
Stability Test Circuit for VKA=VREF
Stability Test Circuit for VKA>VREF,
VO= VKA= VREF x (1+R1/R2) + IREF x R1
Use the MLCC for CL
10kΩ
Typical Operating Characteristics (Cont.)
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw9
Package Information
SOT-23-3
0
L
VIEW A
0.25
GAUGE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
A
A2
A1
e
D
E
E1
SEE
VIEW A
bc
e1
MAX.
0.057
0.051
0.024
0.006
0.009
0.0200.012
L0.30
0
e
e1
E1
E
D
c
b
0.08
0.30
0.60 0.012
0.95 BSC
1.90 BSC
0.22
0.50
0.037 BSC
0.075 BSC
0.003
MIN.
MILLIMETERS
S
Y
M
B
O
L
A1
A2
A
0.00
0.90
SOT-23-3
MAX.
1.45
0.15
1.30
MIN.
0.000
0.035
INCHES
°
8
°
0
°
8
°
0
1.40
2.60
1.80
3.00
2.70 3.10 0.122
0.071
0.1180.102
0.055
0.106
Note : Dimension D and E1 do not include mold flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold flash, protrusion or gate burrs shall not exceed 10 mil
per side.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw10
Package Information
SOT-23-5
MAX.
0.057
0.051
0.024
0.006
0.009
0.0200.012
L0.30
0
e
e1
E1
E
D
c
b
0.08
0.30
0.60 0.012
0.95 BSC
1.90 BSC
0.22
0.50
0.037 BSC
0.075 BSC
0.003
MIN.
MILLIMETERS
S
Y
M
B
O
L
A1
A2
A
0.00
0.90
SOT-23-5
MAX.
1.45
0.15
1.30
MIN.
0.000
0.035
INCHES
°
8
°
0
°
8
°
0
bc
e1
0
L
VIEW A
0.25
GAUGE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
A
A2A1
e
D
E
E1
SEE
VIEW A
1.40
2.60
1.80
3.00
2.70 3.10 0.122
0.071
0.1180.102
0.055
0.106
Note : 1. Follow JEDEC TO-178 AA.
2. Dimension D and E1 do not include mold flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold flash, protrusion or gate burrs shall not exceed 10 mil
per side.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw11
Package Information
SOT-89
S
Y
M
B
OMIN. MAX.
MILLIMETERS
SOT-89
MIN. MAX.
INCHES
A
C
e1
e
B
B1
D
D1
H
EL
E1
1.60
0.44
0.35 0.44
4.40 4.60
1.62 1.83
0.56
2.13
A
B
C
D
D1
E
E1
e
e1
B1 0.36 0.48
3.00 BSC
3.94 4.25
2.29 2.60
2.29
0.118 BSC
0.063
0.017
0.014 0.019
0.014 0.017
0.173 0.181
0.064 0.072
0.084
0.155 0.167
0.090 0.102
0.090
0.022
L0.89 0.035
H
1.50 BSC 0.059 BSC
1.40
1.20 0.047
0.055
L
Note : Follow JEDEC TO-243 AA.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw12
Package Information
TO-92
j
D
E
S
j
L
e
e1
A
b
S
Y
M
B
O
LMIN. MAX.
5.33
3.18 4.19
2.42 2.66
0.53
3.43
A
b
E
e
e1
j
L
S
MILLIMETERS
D4.45 5.20
TO-92
12.70
2.03 2.66
MIN. MAX.
INCHES
0.210
0.175 0.205
0.125 0.165
0.095 0.105
0.135
0.500
0.080 0.105
4.32 0.170
0.021
0.055
1.15 1.39 0.045
0.41 0.016
Note : Follow JEDEC TO-92.
4.00 0.157
0.591
15.00
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw13
Package Information
SOP-8
S
Y
M
B
O
LMIN. MAX.
1.75
0.10
0.17 0.25
0.25
A
A1
c
D
E
E1
e
h
L
MILLIMETERS
b0.31 0.51
SOP-8
0.25 0.50
0.40 1.27
MIN. MAX.
INCHES
0.069
0.004
0.012 0.020
0.007 0.010
0.010 0.020
0.016 0.050
0
0.010
1.27 BSC 0.050 BSC
A2 1.25 0.049
0
°
8
°
0
°
8
°
D
e
E
E1
SEE VIEW A
cb
h X 45
°
A
A1A2
L
VIEW A
0.25
SEATING PLANE
GAUGE PLANE
Note: 1. Follow JEDEC MS-012 AA.
2. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs.
Mold flash, protrusion or gate burrs shall not exceed 6 mil per side.
3. Dimension “E” does not include inter-lead flash or protrusions.
Inter-lead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 10 mil per side.
3.80
5.80
4.80
4.00
6.20
5.00 0.189 0.197
0.228 0.244
0.150 0.157
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw14
Carrier Tape & Reel Dimensions
H
T1
A
d
A
E1
A
B
W
F
T
P0
OD0
BA0
P2
K0
B0
SECTION B-B
SECTION A-A
OD1
P1
Application
A H T1 C d D W E1 F
178.0±2.00
50 MIN.
8.4+2.00
-0.00 13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
8.0±0.30
1.75±0.10
3.5±0.05
P0 P1 P2 D0 D1 T A0 B0 K0
SOT-23-3
4.0±0.10
4.0±0.10
2.0±0.05
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.0 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40 3.20±0.20
3.10±0.20
1.50±0.20
Application
A H T1 C d D W E1 F
178.0±2.00
50 MIN.
8.4+2.00
-0.00 13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
8.0±0.30
1.75±0.10
3.5±0.05
P0 P1 P2 D0 D1 T A0 B0 K0
SOT-23-5
4.0±0.10
4.0±0.10
2.0±0.05
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.0 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40 3.20±0.20
3.10±0.20
1.50±0.20
Application
A H T1 C d D W E1 F
178.0±2.00
50 MIN.
12.4+2.00
-0.00 13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
12.0±0.30
1.75±0.10
5.50±0.05
P0 P1 P2 D0 D1 T A0 B0 K0 SOT-89
4.0±0.10
8.0±0.10
2.0±0.05
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.5 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40 4.80±0.20
4.50±0.20
1.80±0.20
(mm)
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw15
Package Type Unit Quantity
SOT-23-3 Tape & Reel 3000
SOT-23-5 Tape & Reel 3000
SOT-89 Tape & Reel 1000
TO-92 Tape & Box 2000
SOP-8 Tape & Reel 2500
Devices Per Unit
Application
A H T1 C d D W E1 F
330.0±2.00
50 MIN.
12.4+2.00
-0.00 13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
12.0±0.30
1.75±0.10
5.5±0.05
P0 P1 P2 D0 D1 T A0 B0 K0
SOP-8
4.0±0.10
8.0±0.10
2.0±0.05
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.5 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40 6.40±0.20
5.20±0.20
2.10±0.20
(mm)
Carrier Tape & Box Dimensions
Carrier Tape & Reel Dimensions (Cont.)
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw16
Taping Direction Information
SOT-23-5
SOT-89
SOP-8
SOT-23-3
USER DIRECTION OF FEED
USER DIRECTION OF FEED
USER DIRECTION OF FEED
USER DIRECTION OF FEED
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw17
Classification Profile
Classification Reflow Profiles
Profile Feature Sn-Pb Eutectic Assembly Pb-Free Assembly
Preheat & Soak
Temperature min (Tsmin)
Temperature max (Tsmax)
Time (Tsmin to Tsmax) (ts)
100 °C
150 °C
60-120 seconds
150 °C
200 °C
60-120 seconds
Average ramp-up rate
(Tsmax to TP) 3 °C/second max. 3°C/second max.
Liquidous temperature (TL)
Time at liquidous (tL) 183 °C
60-150 seconds 217 °C
60-150 seconds
Peak package body Temperature
(Tp)* See Classification Temp in table 1 See Classification Temp in table 2
Time (tP)** within 5°C of the specified
classification temperature (Tc) 20** seconds 30** seconds
Average ramp-down rate (Tp to Tsmax)
6 °C/second max. 6 °C/second max.
Time 25°C to peak temperature 6 minutes max. 8 minutes max.
* Tolerance for peak profile Temperature (Tp) is defined as a supplier minimum and a user maximum.
** Tolerance for time at peak profile temperature (tp) is defined as a supplier minimum and a user maximum.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. C.7 - Mar., 2009
APL431
www.anpec.com.tw18
Classification Reflow Profiles (Cont.)
Table 2. Pb-free Process – Classification Temperatures (Tc)
Package
Thickness Volume mm3
<350 Volume mm3
350-2000 Volume mm3
>2000
<1.6 mm 260 °C 260 °C 260 °C
1.6 mm – 2.5 mm 260 °C 250 °C 245 °C
≥2.5 mm 250 °C 245 °C 245 °C
Table 1. SnPb Eutectic Process – Classification Temperatures (Tc)
Package
Thickness Volume mm3
<350 Volume mm3
≥350
<2.5 mm 235 °C 220 °C
≥2.5 mm 220 °C 220 °C
Reliability Test Program
Test item Method Description
SOLDERABILITY JESD-22, B102 5 Sec, 245°C
HOLT JESD-22, A108 1000 Hrs, Bias @ 125°C
PCT JESD-22, A102 168 Hrs, 100%RH, 2atm, 121°C
TCT JESD-22, A104 500 Cycles, -65°C~150°C
ESD MIL-STD-883-3015.7 VHBM≧2KV, VMM≧200V
Latch-Up JESD 78 10ms, 1tr≧100mA
Customer Service
Anpec Electronics Corp.
Head Office :
No.6, Dusing 1st Road, SBIP,
Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel : 886-3-5642000
Fax : 886-3-5642050
Taipei Branch :
2F, No. 11, Lane 218, Sec 2 Jhongsing Rd.,
Sindian City, Taipei County 23146, Taiwan
Tel : 886-2-2910-3838
Fax : 886-2-2917-3838
