Solutions for
Proven
Todays Applications
Communication Markets Division
3M Scotchlok Connectors and Tools
50 years ago, 3M introduced the industry’s original insulation
displacement connector—the 3M Scotchlok Connector UR. Today,
with increased demand for high-speed and high-bandwidth networks,
the complete series of 3M connectors and tools has evolved again. Weve
leveraged new technologies while building on the original successful
design, shape, color-coded cap concepts and element configuration. With
the Scotchlok series of tools and connectors from 3M, service providers
can meet the demand for enhanced customer services such as high speed
internet, video-on-demand and video conferencing. 3M Scotchlok
Connectors additionally offer full wire-range capability, increased port
size to accommodate up to 2.08 mm (0.082 in.) insulation sizes, double
elements in all products and solvent resistant plastic construction.
As new technologies migrate into the local loop, the importance of
reliable connections in the embedded plant has increased exponentially.
Each connection is a potential point of failure in high-bandwidth
applications which could require additional time and expense for a
technician to repair. That is where the full line of 3M Scotchlok
Connectors really makes a difference.
A Proven Series of Tools
and Connectors from 3M.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UR
The UR connector accepts two or three solid copper conductors for butt splicing. The connector
is filled with a sealant to provide moisture resistance. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UY
The small size of the UY connector reduces the splicing bundle O.D. to a minimum. The
connector’s two ports accept two solid copper conductors. The connector is filled with a sealant
to provide moisture resistance. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UR2/UR2-D
The UR2/UR2-D, solvent resistant connectors, accept two or three solid copper conductors that
can be of different wire gauges, for butt splicing. The UR2 connectors are filled with a sealant to
provide moisture resistance. The UR2-D connector is a dry version. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UY2/UY2-D
The small size of the UY2/UY2-D, solvent resistant connectors, reduce the splicing bundle O.D.
to a minimum. Their two ports accept two solid copper conductors that can be of different wire
gauges. The connector is filled with a sealant to provide moisture resistance. In addition, the
UY2 connector is available in a dry version, UY2-D connector. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UAL
The UAL connector is a sealed, moisture-resistant two- or three-wire connector. Outside ports
accept solid-copper, aluminum, or a combination of both. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connectors
Scotchlok butt connectors employ a specially designed, wire insulation displacement contact to make a reliable electrical
connection to each wire. A “live-spring” joint is made by driving the wire down into the “U” contact connector. This simple
process displaces the insulation and grasps all conductors with a firm, resilient pressure, all in one motion. No stripping of
wire insulation required. Scotchlok butt connectors include a factory-installed sealant to protect against corrosion and seal
out moisture. They are also available in a dry/flame retardant version for central office and vault. A variety of sizes and wire
combinations are available to accommodate almost any need.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UYF (OUS only)
The UYF connector employs a specially designed insulation displacement contact which makes
an electrical connection to each wire. The connector is filled with a sealant to provide moisture
resistance. The small size of the UYF connector reduces the splicing bundle O.D. to a minimum.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UP2
The UP2 connector is a dry, flame-retardant two-wire UL-Listed connector for use on paper,
pulp or PIC cable where moisture resistance is not needed. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Clearing Cap UCC
Each moisture-resistant UCC clearing cap isolates a full cable pair. The conductors are held
rigidly in place with a plastic blade. The UCC accepts two-wire combinations. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Trim-out Connector 211
The 211 trim-out connector is a moisture-resistant, self-stripping insulation displacement
connector with a built-in cut-off blade and a test port. Wires are positioned in the connector from
the sides, allowing the 211 connector to be used without interrupting service. The 211 connector
may also be used for standard two-wire butt type splicing operations. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Butt Connector UP3
The UP3 connector is a dry, flame-retardant two- or three-wire connector for paper, pulp or PIC
cable where moisture resistance is not needed. UL Listed.
3M Scotchlok Self-Stripping Dropwire Connector 557TG
Use the 557TG aerial dropwire connector to electrically connect two solid copper conductors,
insulate the connection and provide moisture protection.
3M Scotchlok Clearing Cap UPC
The UPC connector is a UL-listed dry, flame-retardant version of the UCC clearing cap making
it suitable for use in buildings. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Tap Connector UG
The UG connector is a sealed two-wire connector for solid copper, air core, or filled cable.
The connector is filled with a sealant to provide moisture resistance. 3M Scotchlok Butt
Connector UP2. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Tap Connector UPB
The UPB connector is a dry, flame-retardant two-wire UL-Listed connector with a pre-crimp
feature for use on pulp, paper or PIC cable where moisture resistance is not needed. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Tap Connector UB2A/UB2A-D
The UB2A/UB2A-D connectors have a pre-crimp feature that gives the craftsperson a
time-saving edge. By positioning the connector on the conductor and pre-crimping, the
conductor is prevented from slipping out of the connector before the crimp is completed.
A factory sealant protects against corrosion and seals out moisture. In ready-access closures,
these connectors help eliminate cutting cable pairs, opening circuits, and piecing out wires. The
UB2A-D connector is a dry version of the UB2A. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Tap Connectors
Scotchlok tap connectors are real time savers. They enable the user to tap into another wire without interrupting service.
A U-shaped element inside each connector displaces insulation material and makes contact with the copper conductor.
Scotchlok tap connectors also include factory-installed sealant to protect against corrosion and seal out moisture. They are
also available in a dry version for central office and vault. Scotchlok tap connectors are fast to install, easy to work with and
available in a wide range of common wire gauges. Tap connectors allow direct tapping into existing solid copper conductors
without interrupting service. The pre-crimp feature helps hold the wires in place until the connector is crimped and the
splice is complete.
3M Scotchlok Inline Connector U1B
The U1B connector is a sealed moisture-resistant four-wire (1 full pair) inline connector
for larger gauge solid copper. AWG 19-16 solid copper conductors.
3M Scotchlok Inline Connector U1R
The U1R connector is a sealed moisture-resistant four-wire (1 full pair) inline connector for
larger gauge solid copper. AWG 24-19 solid copper conductors.
3M Scotchlok Inline Connector UDW2
A sealed moisture-resistant, four-wire (1 full pair) inline aerial dropwire connector for copper or
copper-coated steel conductors. This inline connector is for mid-span splices where strain-relief
is provided. Tape over-wrap is not required. RUS Listed.
3M Scotchlok Inline Connectors
Scotchlok inline connectors are a safe and simple way to make a secure connection. These full-pair, sealed, moisture-
resistant connectors are designed to accommodate a wide range of wire ranges in copper or copper-coated steel conductors.
Built to do the
job right, and
do it fast.
3M Scotchlok Cartridge Tool E-9C with Case and Gauge
With an automatic cartridge feed, 7-to-1 mechanical advantage and ratchet action, the
E-9C tool allows the craftsperson to complete a crimp with one hand, freeing the other
hand for wire handling. The tool is designed for cartridges with Scotchlok butt connectors.
3M Scotchlok Crimping Tool E-9BM
This heavy-duty tool is capable of crimping all Scotchlok connectors. Its parallel closing
action and adjustable jaws provide a 10-to-1 mechanical advantage, allowing it to handle
all wire gauges.
3M Scotchlok Crimping Tool E-9E
A completely parallel closing action and a 4-to-1 mechanical advantage make the lightweight
E-9E crimping tool a versatile addition to any craftspersons pouch. With these features, the
E-9E tool will crimp all Scotchlok butt and tap connectors in all wire gauges.
3M Scotchlok Crimping Tool E-9Y
The E-9Y tool has stepped jaws and a long nose and side wire cutter which provide crimping
action for two- or three-conductor splicing. The E-9Y tool can be purchased individually or in
combination with a mesh pouch (E-9Y-P). The E-9Y tool is not recommended for 19 gauge
(0.9 mm) and larger conductors.
3M Scotchlok Crimping Tool E-9R
This tool features parallel crimping and a 10-to-1 mechanical advantage. Its ratchet-
release and integrated wire cutter save time by not having to change tools. The E-9R tool
is compatible with all Scotchlok connectors (except inline and drop connectors) across the
entire range of applicable wire sizes.
3M Scotchlok Crimping Tool E-9J
The E-9J tool is a lightweight, handheld tool featuring a single-stroke, parallel crimping
action with a work-saving 10-to-1 mechanical advantage over applied hand force. For use
with Scotchlok butt and tap connectors.
3M Scotchlok Tools
To complement our line of efficient, reliable 3M Scotchlok Connectors, 3M Scotchlok Crimping Tools are built to do
the job right, and do it fast. All Scotchlok tools are engineered to fit comfortably in hand while providing high mechanical
advantage for less operator fatigue. From automatic cartridges to adjustable jaws, theres a tool designed to meet your specific
application needs.
Butt Splicing
Connector Type
Connector
Special
Features
Maximum Insulation O.D.
Metric (mm) Inches
PIC-unfilled and PIC-filled
AWG Metric (mm)
Pulp or paper
AWG Metric (mm)
UR2 G el-filled
Polypropylene
Cat. 5
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 N/A N/A
UR2-D
Dry
Polypropylene
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 26-19 0.4-0.9
UR G el-filled
Polycarbonate
Cat. 5
RUS Listed
1.67 0.066 26-19 0.4-0.9 N/A N/A
UY2 G el-filled
Polypropylene
Cat. 5
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 N/A N/A
UY2-D
Dry
Polypropylene
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 26-19 0.4-0.9
UY G el-filled
Polycarbonate
Cat. 5
RUS Listed
1.67 0.066 26-22 0.4-0.7 N/A N/A
*557-TG2
Gel-filled
Polypropylene 3.0 0.12 22-16 0.6-1.3 N/A N/A
UYF
G el-filled
Polycarbonate 1.52 0.060 26-20 0.4-0.8 N/A N/A
UP2 Dry
Polycarbonate
Flame Retardant
RUS Listed
UL Listed
1.52 0.060 26-22 0.4-0.7 26-22 0.4-0.7
UP3 Dry
Polycarbonate
Flame Retardant
UL Listed
1.67 0.066 26-19 0.4-0.9 26-19 0.4-0.9
UAL G el-filled
For Aluminum
Polycarbonate
RUS Listed
Outside
Ports: 2.08
Middle
Port: 1.88
Outside
Ports: 0.082
Middle
Port: 0.074
20-17 AL
24-19 CU
0.8-1.2 AL
0.5-0.9 CU N/A N/A
211 G el-filled
Polypropylene
Cat. 5
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 N/A N/A
3M
TM
Scotchlok Connectors and Tools Specification Chart
*557-TG2 connectors can only be used with 3M Scotchlok Crimp Tool E-9BM or E-9J.
3M
TM
Scotchlok Connectors and Tools Specification Chart
Tap Splicing Inline Splicing Clear/Cap Only
Connector Type
Connector
Special
Features
Maximum Insulation O.D.
Metric (mm) Inches
PIC-unfilled and PIC-filled
AWG Metric (mm)
Pulp or paper
AWG Metric (mm)
UB2A G el-filled
Polypropylene
Cat. 5
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 N/A N/A
UB2A-D
Dry
Polypropylene
RUS Listed
2.08 0.082 26-19 0.4-0.9 26-19 0.4-0.9
UG
G el-filled
Polycarbonate
RUS Listed
Butt 1.67
Tap 1.12
0.066
0.044
26-19
26-22
0.4-0.9
0.4-0.7 N/A N/A
UPB Dry
Polycarbonate
Flame Retardant
RUS Listed
UL Listed
1.27 0.050 26-22 0.4-0.7 26-22 0.4-0.7
*UDW2 Full Pair
Drop Pair
Polycarbonate
RUS Listed
4.4 0.175 19-16 0.9-1.3 N/A N/A
*U1B
G el-filled
Full Pair
Polycarbonate
3.18 0.125 19-16 0.9-1.3 N/A N/A
*U1R
G el-filled
Full Pair
Polycarbonate
3.18 0.125 24-19 0.5-0.9 N/A N/A
UCC
G el-filled
Polycarbonate
RUS Listed
1.52 0.060 26-22 0.4-0.7 N/A N/A
UPC Dry
Polycarbonate
Flame Retardant
RUS Listed
UL Listed
1.52 0.060 26-22 0.4-0.7 26-22 0.4-0.7
To reduce fatigue, use tool within
each group with highest mechanical
advantage, indicated in ( ).
E-9J
(10:1)
E-9R
(10:1)
E-9Y**
(3:1)
E-9E
(4:1)
E-9C
(7:1)
E-9BM
(10:1)
*Inline and drop wire connectors can only be used with 3M Scotchlok Crimp Tool E-9BM.
**Not recommended for 19 gauge (0.9 mm) conductor and larger.
Connector Box Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Bulk Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Cartridge Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Jar Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Clamshell Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
UR2 100/box, 1000/cs.
1.36 (3)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-68538
500/box, 5000/cs.
6.7 (15.2)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-56390
10/cart, 100/pak., 1000/cs.
2.09 (4.6)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-68541
500/box, 5000/cs.
5.9 (13.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051115-22977
25/Pak, 1000/cs.
1.8 (3.9)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
051115-22985
UR2-D N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
500/box, 5000/cs.
6.7 (15.2)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33277
10/cart, 100/pak., 1000/cs.
2.09 (4.6)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-27816
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UR 100/box, 1000/cs.
1.36 (3)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-68537
500/box, 5000/cs.
6.7 (15.2)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-68535
10/cart, 100/pak., 1000/cs
2.09 (4.6)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-68534
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UY2 100/box, 1000/cs.
0.9 (1.3)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-14911
1000/box, 5000/cs.
2.8 (6.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33278
12/cart, 120/pak., 1200/cs.
1.4 (3.5)
Min. Order: 1200 connectors
054007-27817
500/Jar, 5000/cs.
3.8 (8.3)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051115-22979
25/Pak, 1000/cs.
1.3 (2.8)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
051115-22984
UY2-D N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1000/box, 5000/cs.
2.8 (6.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051138-57359
12/cart, 120/pak., 1200/cs.
1.4 (3.5)
Min. Order: 1200 connectors
054007-71478
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UY 100/box, 1000/cs.
0.9 (1.3)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-14911
1000/box, 5000/cs.
2.8 (6.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33278
16/cart, 160/pak., 1600/cs.
1.4 (3.5)
Min. Order: 1600 connectors
054007-27817
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
557TG N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
500/bag, 5000/box
9.09 (20)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051138-57359
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UYF 500/box, 2500/cs.
2.15 (4.75)
Min. Order: 2500 connectors
051115-18516
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UP2 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1000/box, 5000/cs.
2.4 (5.4)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33420
16/cart, 160/pak., 1600/cs.
1.4 (3.2)
Min. Order: 1600 connectors
054007-32698
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UP3 N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1000/box, 5000/cs.
7.1 (13.3)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33419
10/cart, 100/pak., 1000/cs.
2.0 (4.4)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-32700
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UAL N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
10/cart, 100/pak., 1000/cs.
2.1 (4.7)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-27828
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
TOOLS E-9BM
CRIMPING TOOL
E-9C
CARTRIDGE TOOL
E-9R
CRIMPING TOOL
E-9E
CRIMPING TOOL
E-9Y
CRIMPING TOOL*
E-9Y-P
CRIMPING TOOL
E-9J
CRIMPING TOOL
Packaging kg (lbs.)/cs. 4.3 (9.5) 1/cs., 0.91 (2) 1/bag,10/cs.,
2.59 (5.7)
1/bag,10/cs.,
2.7 (6)
1/bag,10/cs.,1.53
(3.3)
1/bag,10/cs.,1.53
(3.3)
1/bag,10/cs.,
4.1 (9.02)
Minimum Order 10 each 1 each 10 each 10 each 10 each 10 each 10 each
UP Code 054007-33482 054007-34211 051138-87649 054007-10577 054007-15625 051115-22987 051115-19004
*Not recommended for 19 AWG and larger.
3M Scotchlok Connectors and Tools Ordering Information
Connector Box Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Bulk Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Cartridge Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Jar Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
Clamshell Packaging
Weight kg (lbs.)
Minimum Order
UPC Code
211 100/box, 1000/cs.
1.2 (2.6)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-34079
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UB2A 100/box, 1000/cs.
1.2 (2.6)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-92693
500/box, 5000/cs.
6.7 (15.2)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33277
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
25/Pak, 1000/cs.
1.5 (3.4)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
051115-22886
UB2A-D 100/box, 1000/cs.
1.2 (2.6)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-92694
500/box, 5000/cs.
6.7 (15.2)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-68535
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UG 100/box, 1000/cs.
1.1 (2.5)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-56391
1000/box, 5000/cs.
2.8 (6.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-33278
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
500/Jar, 5000/cs.
3.8 (8.3)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051115-22979
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UPB 100/box, 1000/cs.
0.6 (1.4)
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
054007-34173
1000/box, 5000/cs.
2.8 (6.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051138-57359
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UDW2 25/bag, 100/box
N/A
Min. Order: 1000 connectors
051138-11505
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
U1B 100/box, 1000/cs.
7.3 (16.0)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
054007-71340
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
U1R 100/box, 1000/cs.
7.4 (16.2)
Min. Order: 2500 connectors
054007-56388
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UCC N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
16/cart, 160/pak., 1600/cs.
1.6 (3.5)
Min. Order: 1600 connectors
054007-31734
500/Jar, 5000/cs.
2.8 (6.1)
Min. Order: 5000 connectors
051115-22980
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
UPC N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
16/cart, 160/pak., 1600/cs.
1.5 (3.0)
Min. Order: 1600 connectors
054007-33721
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
*Not recommended for 19 AWG and larger.
To order, call 800/426 8688. For more information, please contact your local 3M Representative.
3M Scotchlok Connectors and Tools Ordering Information
Communication Markets Division
6801 River Place Blvd.
Austin, TX 78726-9000
800/426 8688
Fax 800/626 0329
www.3Mcom/Telecom
Please recycle. Printed in USA.
© 3M 2012. All rights reserved.
80-6113-8340-9
Important Notice
Warranty Statement
3M™ Scotchlok™ connectors and tools are engineered to work together to achieve consistently superior performance in the field. Tools from other manufacturers
may not meet the tight quality tolerances of 3M tools and may damage the crimping and performance of a 3M connector. Therefore, the published 3M warranty does
not extend to any 3M connectors crimped in tools not made by 3M. The warranty on 3M Scotchlok splicing tools can also be voided if used on non-3M connectors.
All statements, technical information, and recommendations related to 3M’s products are based on information believed to be reliable, but the accuracy or completeness is not
guaranteed. Before using this product, you must evaluate it and determine if it is suitable for your intended application. You assume all risks and liability associated with such use.
Any statements related to the product which are not contained in 3M’s current publications, or any contrary statements contained on your purchase order shall have no force or
effect unless expressly agreed upon, in writing, by an authorized officer of 3M.
Warranty; Limited Remedy; Limited Liability.
This product will be free from defects in material and manufacture at the time of purchase. 3M MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. If this product is defective within the warranty period stated above, your exclusive
remedy shall be, at 3M’s option, to replace or repair the 3M product or refund the purchase price of the 3M product. Except where prohibited by law, 3M will not be liable for
any indirect, special, incidental or consequential loss or damage arising from this 3M product, regardless of the legal theory asserted.
All products contained herein are RoHS compliant. "RoHS Compliant 2002/95/EC" means that the product or part ("Product") does not contain any of the substances in excess
of the maximum concentration values in EU Directive 2002/95/EC, as amended by Commission Decision 2005/618/EC, unless the substance is in an application that is exempt
under EU RoHS. This information represents 3M's knowledge and belief, which may be based in whole or in part on information provided by third party suppliers to 3M.
3M and Scotchlok are trademarks of 3M Company. All other trademarks are owned by their respective companies.