HT36A1
Music Synthesizer 8-Bit MCU
Block Diagram
Rev. 1.00 1 August 15, 2005
Features
·Operating voltage: 2.4V~5.0V
·Operating frequency: 3.58MHz~12MHz (typ. 8MHz)
·24 bidirectional I/O lines
·Two 8-bit programmable timer with 8 stage prescaler
·Watchdog Timer
·Built-in 8-bit MCU with 208´8 bits RAM
·Built-in 64K´16-bit ROM for program/data shared
·Stereo output
·High D/A converter resolution: 16 bits
·Polyphonic up to 8 notes
·Independent volume mix can be assigned to each
sound component
·Sampling rate of 25kHz as 6.4MHz for system
frequency
·Eight-level subroutine nesting
·HALT function and wake-up feature to reduce power
consumption
·Bit manipulation instructions
·16-bit table read instructions
·63 powerful instructions
·All instructions in 1 or 2 machine cycles
·28-pin SOP, 48-pin SSOP package
General Description
The HT36A1 is an 8-bit high performance RISC-like
microcontroller specifically designed for music applica-
tions. It provides an 8-bit MCU and a 8 channel
wavetable synthesizer. The program ROM is composed
of both program control codes and wavetable voice
codes, and can be easily programmed.
The HT36A1 has a built-in 8-bit microprocessor which
programs the synthesizer to generate the melody by
setting the special register from 20H~2AH. A HALT fea-
ture is provided to reduce power consumption.
8 - B i t
M C U
64K
´
1 6 - b i t
R O M
208
´
8
R A M
M u l t i p l i e r / P h a s e
G e n e r a l
P A 0 ~ P A 7
P B 0 ~ P B 7
P C 0 ~ P C 7
O S C 1
O S C 2
R E S
1 6 - B i t
D A C
V D D
V S S
V D D A
V S S A
L C H
RCH
Technical Document
·Tools Information
·FAQs
·Application Note
Pin Assignment
Pad Assignment
Chip size: 2225 ´3075 (mm)2
* The IC substrate should be connected to VSS in the PCB layout artwork.
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 2 August 15, 2005
( 0 , 0 )
P A 0
P A 1
P A 2
P A 3
P A 4
1
2 9 2 8 2 7 2 6
2 5
2 4
2 3
2 2
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
91 0 1 2 1 3 1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
P A 5
P A 6
P A 7
P B 0
P B 1
P B 2
P B 3
P B 4
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
R C H
P C 0
P C 1
P C 2
P C 3
O S C 2
O S C 1
R E S
V S S
V S S A
V D D
V D D A
L C H
1 1
3 03 1
3 23 3
P C 7
P C 6
P C 5
P C 4
P A 4
P A 5
P A 6
P A 7
N C
P B 0
P B 1
P B 2
P B 3
P B 4
P B 5
P B 6
P B 7
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
P A 3
P A 2
P A 1
P A 0
N C
N C
P C 7
P C 6
P C 5
P C 4
P C 3
P C 2
P C 1
P C 0
O S C 2
O S C 1
R E S
N C
V S S
V S S A
V D D
V D D A
L C H
RCH
H T 3 6 A 1
4 8 S S O P - A
4 8
4 7
4 6
4 5
4 4
4 3
4 2
4 1
4 0
3 9
3 8
3 7
3 6
3 5
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
3 0
2 9
2 8
2 7
2 6
2 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
2 0
2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 8
2 7
2 6
2 5
2 4
2 3
2 2
2 1
2 0
1 9
1 8
1 7
1 6
1 5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
H T 3 6 A 1
2 8 S O P - A
P A 4
P A 5
P A 6
P A 7
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
N C
R C H
L C H
P A 3
P A 2
P A 1
P A 0
N C
N C
O S C 2
N C
O S C 1
R E S
V S S
V S S A
V D D
V D D A
Pad Coordinates Unit: mm
Pad No. X Y Pad No. X Y
1-959.800 1271.550 18 959.450 -152.100
2-959.800 1160.950 19 959.450 -41.500
3-959.800 1060.950 20 959.450 58.500
4-959.800 950.350 21 959.450 169.100
5-959.800 850.350 22 959.450 269.100
6-959.800 739.750 23 959.450 379.700
7-959.800 639.750 24 959.450 479.700
8-959.800 529.150 25 959.450 590.300
9 279.300 -1352.350 26 -46.550 1386.150
10 392.300 -1352.350 27 -157.150 1386.150
11 504.750 -1352.450 28 -257.150 1386.150
12 649.850 -1352.300 29 -367.750 1386.150
13 770.100 -1352.400 30 -467.750 1386.150
14 944.700 -1345.670 31 -578.350 1386.150
15 919.650 -1133.274 32 -678.350 1386.150
16 919.650 -1014.076 33 -788.950 1386.150
17 919.650 -336.224
Pad Description
Pad Name I/O Internal
Connection Function
PA0~PA7 I/O Pull-High
or None Bidirectional 8-bit Input/Output port, wake-up by mask option
PB0~PB7 I/O Pull-High
or None Bidirectional 8-bit Input/Output port
PC0~PC7 I/O Pull-High
or None Bidirectional 8-bit Input/Output port
RCH, LCH O ¾Stereo audio output
OSC1
OSC2
I
O¾
OSC1 and OSC2 are connected to an RC network or a crystal (by mask option)
for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output
terminal for 1/8 system clock. The system clock may come from the crystal, the
two pins cannot be floating.
VDDA ¾¾
DAC power supply
VDD ¾¾
Positive power supply
VSSA ¾¾
Negative power supply of DAC, ground
VSS ¾¾
Negative power supply, ground
RES I¾Reset input, active low
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage ..........................VSS-0.3V to VSS+5.5V Storage Temperature ...........................-50°Cto125°C
Input Voltage .............................VSS-0.3V to VDD+0.3V Operating Temperature ..........................-25°Cto70°C
Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings²may
cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those
listed in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliabil-
ity.
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 3 August 15, 2005
D.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VDD Conditions
VDD Operating Voltage ¾¾2.4 3 5 V
IDD Operating Current 5V No load, fOSC=8MHz ¾816mA
ISTB Standby Current (WDT Disabled) 5V No load
System HALT ¾1¾mA
IOL I/O Ports Sink Current 5V VOL=0.5V 9.7 16.2 ¾mA
IOH I/O Ports Source Current 5V VOH=4.5V -5.2 -8.7 ¾mA
RPH Pull-High Resistance of I/O Ports 5V VIL=0V 11 22 44 kW
VIH1 Input High Voltage for I/O Ports 5V ¾3.5 ¾5V
VIL1 Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports 5V ¾0¾1.5 V
VIH2 Input High Voltage (RES)5V¾¾
4¾V
VIL2 Input Low Voltage (RES)5V
¾¾
2.5 ¾V
A.C. Characteristics Ta=25°C
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VDD Conditions
MCU interface
fOSC System Frequency 5V 8MHz crystal ¾8¾MHz
fSYS System Clock 5V ¾4¾8 MHz
tWDT Watchdog Time-Out Period (RC) ¾Without WDT prescaler 9 17 35 ms
tRES External Reset Low Pulse Width ¾¾ 1¾¾ms
Characteristics Curves
R vs F Characteristics Curve
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 4 August 15, 2005
1 2 0 1 5 0 1 8 0 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 4 0 2 7 0 3 0 0
H T 3 6 A 1 R v s . F C h a r t
F r e q u e n c y ( M H z )
1 4
1 2
1 0
8
6
4
2
R ( k
W
)
3 . 0 V
4 . 5 V
V vs F Characteristics Curve
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 5 August 15, 2005
H T 3 6 A 1 V v s . F C h a r t ( F o r 4 . 5 V )
2 . 4 2 . 6 2 . 8 3 3 . 2 3 . 4 3 . 6 3 . 8 4 4 . 2 4 . 4 4 . 6 4 . 8 5
VD D ( V )
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
F r e q u e n c y ( M H z )
145k
W
/ 8 M H z
190k
W
/ 6 M H z
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 0
2 . 4 2 . 6 2 . 8 3 3 . 2 3 . 4 3 . 6 3 . 8 4 4 . 2 4 . 4 4 . 6 4 . 8 5
H T 3 6 A 1 V v s . F C h a r t ( F o r 3 . 0 V )
F r e q u e n c y ( M H z )
VD D ( V )
155k
W
/ 8 M H z
200k
W
/ 6 M H z
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 6 August 15, 2005
Function Description
Execution Flow
The system clock for the HT36A1 is derived from either
a crystal or an RC oscillator. The oscillator frequency di-
vided by 2 is the system clock for the MCU and it is inter-
nally divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One
instruction cycle consists of four system clock cycles.
Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such
a way that a fetch takes one instruction cycle while de-
coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle.
However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc-
tion to effectively execute in one cycle. If an instruction
changes the program counter, two cycles are required
to complete the instruction.
Program Counter -PC
The 13-bit program counter (PC) controls the sequence
in which the instructions stored in program ROM are ex-
ecuted and its contents specify a maximum of 8192 ad-
dresses for each bank.
After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in-
struction code, the contents of the program counter are
incremented by one. The program counter then points
to the memory word containing the next instruction
code.
When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex-
ecution, loading PCL register, subroutine call, initial re-
set, internal interrupt, external interrupt or return from
subroutine, the PC manipulates the program transfer by
loading the address corresponding to each instruction.
The conditional skip is activated by instruction. Once the
condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during the
current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy
cycle replaces it to retrieve the proper instruction. Other-
wise proceed with the next instruction.
The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read-
able and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the
PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be
within 256 locations.
Once a control transfer takes place, an additional
dummy cycle is required.
Program ROM
HT36A1 provides 16 address lines WA15~0 to read the
Program ROM which is up to 1M bits, and is commonly
used for the wavetable voice codes and the program
memory. It provides two address types, one type is for
program ROM, which is addressed by a bank pointer
PF2~0 and a 13-bit program counter PC12~0; and the
T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4 T 1 T 2 T 3 T 4
F e t c h I N S T ( P C )
E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C - 1 ) F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 1 )
E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C ) F e t c h I N S T ( P C + 2 )
E x e c u t e I N S T ( P C + 1 )
P C P C + 1 P C + 2
S y s t e m C l o c k o f M C U
( S y s t e m C l o c k / 2 )
P C
Execution Flow
Mode Program Counter
*15 *14 *13 *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0
Initial Reset 0000000000000000
Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow PF2 PF1 PF0 0000000001000
Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow PF2 PF1 PF0 0000000001100
Skip Program Counter+2
Loading PCL PF2 PF1 PF0 *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0
Jump, Call Branch PF2 PF1 PF0 #12 #11 #10 #9 #8 #7 #6 #5 #4 #3 #2 #1 #0
Return From Subroutine PF2 PF1 PF0 S12 S11 S10 S9 S8 S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0
Program Counter
Note: *12~*0: Bits of Program Counter @7~@0: Bits of PCL
#12~#0: Bits of Instruction Code S12~S0: Bits of Stack Register
@7~@0: Bits of PCL PF2~PF0: Bits of Bank Register
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 7 August 15, 2005
other type is for wavetable code, which is addressed by
the start address ST11~0. On the program type,
WA15~0= PF2~0 ´213+ PC12~0. On the wave table
ROM type, WA15~0=ST11~0 ´25.
Program Memory -ROM
The program memory is used to store the program in-
structions which are to be executed. It also contains
data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into
8192´16 bits, addressed by the bank pointer, program
counter and table pointer.
Certain locations in the program memory of each bank
are reserved for special usage:
·Location 000H on bank0
This area is reserved for the initialization program. Af-
ter chip reset, the program always begins execution at
location 000H on bank0.
·Location 008H
This area is reserved for the Timer Counter 0 interrupt
service program on each bank. If timer interrupt results
from a timer counter 0 overflow, and if the interrupt is
enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins ex-
ecution at location 008H corresponding to its bank.
·Location 00CH
This area is reserved for the Timer Counter 1 interrupt
service program on each bank. If a timer interrupt re-
sults from a Timer Counter 1 overflow, and if the inter-
rupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program
begins execution at location 00CH corresponding to
its bank.
·Table location
Any location in the ROM space can be used as
look-up tables. The instructions TABRDC [m] (the cur-
rent page, 1 page=256 words) and TABRDL [m] (the
last page) transfer the contents of the lower-order
byte to the specified data memory, and the
higher-order byte to TBLH (08H). Only the destination
of the lower-order byte in the table is well-defined, the
higher-order byte of the table word are transferred to
the TBLH. The Table Higher-order byte register
(TBLH) is read only. The Table Pointer (TBLP) is a
read/write register (07H), which indicates the table lo-
cation. Before accessing the table, the location must
be placed in TBLP. The TBLH is read only and cannot
be restored. If the main routine and the ISR (Interrupt
Service Routine) both employ the table read instruc-
tion, the contents of the TBLH in the main routine are
likely to be changed by the table read instruction used
in the ISR. Errors can occur. In this case, using the ta-
ble read instruction in the main routine and the ISR si-
multaneously should be avoided. However, if the table
read instruction has to be applied in both the main rou-
tine and the ISR, the interrupt should be disabled prior
to the table read instruction. It will not be enabled until
the TBLH has been backed up. All table related in-
structions need 2 cycles to complete the operation.
These areas may function as normal program mem-
ory depending upon user requirements.
·Bank pointer
The program memory is organized into 8 banks and
each bank into 8192´16 bits of program ROM. PF2~0
is used as the bank pointer. After an instruction has
been executed to write data to the PF register to se-
lect a different bank, note that the new bank will not be
selected immediately. It is not until the following in-
struction has completed execution that the bank will
be actually selected. It should be note that the PF reg-
ister has to be cleared before setting to output mode.
Wavetable ROM
The ST11~0 is used to defined the start address of each
sample on the wavetable and read the waveform data
from the location. HT36A1 provides 16 output address
lines from WA15~0, the ST11~0 is used to locate the
major 16 bits i.e. WA15~5 and the undefined data from
WA4~0 is always set to 00000b. So the start address of
each sample have to be located at a multiple of 32. Oth-
Instruction(s) Table Location
*15 *14 *13 *12 *11 *10 *9 *8 *7 *6 *5 *4 *3 *2 *1 *0
TABRDC [m] P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 @7 @6 @5 @4 @3 @2 @1 @0
TABRDL [m] P15 P14 P13 11111@7@6@5@4@3@2@1@0
Table Location
Note: *12~*0: Bits of table location @7~@0: Bits of table pointer
P12~P8: Bits of current Program Counter P15~P13: Bits of bank PF2~PF0
0000H
0008H
T i m e r C o u n t e r 0 i n t e r r u p t s u b r o u t i n e
P r o g r a m
R O M
1 6 b i t s
Look-up table (256 w ords)
n00H
Look-up table (256 w ords)
1 F F F H
N o t e : n r a n g e s f r o m 0 0 t o 1 F .
n F F H
T i m e r C o u n t e r 1 i n t e r r u p t s u b r o u t i n e
000C H
D e v i c e i n i t i a l i z a t i o n p r o g r a m
Program Memory for Each Bank
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 8 August 15, 2005
erwise, the sample will not be read out correctly be-
cause it has a wrong starting code.
Stack Register -Stack
This is a special part of the memory which is used to
save the contents of the program counter (PC) only. The
stack is organized into 8 levels and is neither part of the
data nor part of the program space, and is neither read-
able nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the
stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable.
At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledgment, the
contents of the program counter are pushed onto the
stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine,
signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the pro-
gram counter is restored to its previous value from the
stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the
stack.
If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes
place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the
acknowledgment will be inhibited. When the stack
pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt
will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow al-
lowing the programmer to use the structure more easily.
In a similar case, if the stack is full and a CALL is subse-
quently executed, a stack overflow occurs and the first
entry will be lost (only the most recent eight return ad-
dress are stored).
Data Memory -RAM
The data memory is designed with 256 ´8 bits. The data
memory is divided into three functional groups: special
function registers, wavetable function register, and gen-
eral purpose data memory (208´8). Most of them are
read/write, but some are read only.
The special function registers include the Indirect Ad-
dressing register 0 (00H), the Memory Pointer register 0
(MP0;01H), the Indirect Addressing register 1 (02H), the
Memory Pointer register 1 (MP1;03H), the Accumulator
(ACC;05H), the Program Counter Lower-byte register
(PCL;06H), the Table Pointer (TBLP;07H), the Table
Higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), the Watchdog
Timer option Setting register (WDTS;09H), the Status
register (STATUS;0AH), the Interrupt Control register
(INTC;0BH), the Timer Counter 0 Lower-order byte reg-
ister (TMR0L;0DH), the Timer Counter 0 Control regis-
ter (TMR0C;0EH), the Timer Counter 1 Lower-order
byte register (TMR1L;10H), the Timer Counter 1 Control
register (TMR1C;11H), the I/O registers (PA;12H,
PB;14H, PC;16H) and the I/O control registers
(PAC;13H, PBC;15H, PCC;17H). The program ROM
bank select (PF;1CH). The DAC High byte (DAH;1DH).
The DAC low byte (DAL;1EH). The DAC control
(DAC;1FH). The wavetable function registers is defined
between 20H~2AH. The remaining space before the
30H is reserved for future expanded usage and reading
these locations will return the result 00H. The general
purpose data memory, addressed from 30H to FFH, is
used for data and control information under instruction
command.
All data memory areas can handle arithmetic, logic, in-
crement, decrement and rotate operations directly. Ex-
cept for some dedicated bits, each bit in the data
memory can be set and reset by the ²SET [m].i²and
00H
01H
02H
03H
04H
05H
06H
07H
08H
09H
0 A H
0 B H
0 C H
0 D H
0 E H
0 F H
10H
11H
12H
13H
14H
15H
16H
17H
18H
19H
1 A H
1 B H
1 C H
1 D H
1 E H
1 F H
20H
21H
22H
23H
24H
25H
26H
27H
29H
2 A H
2 B H
2 F H
F F H
G e n e r a l P u r p o s e
D a t a M e m o r y
( 2 0 8 B y t e s )
28H
30H
S p e c i a l P u r p o s e
D a t a M e m r o y
: U n u s e d .
R e a d a s " 0 0 "
W a v e t a b l e
F u n c t i o n
R e g i s t e r
I n d i r e c t A d d r e s s i n g R e g i s t e r 0
M P 0
I n d i r e c t A d d r e s s i n g R e g i s t e r 1
M P 1
A C C
P C L
T B L P
T B L H
W D T S
S T A T U S
I N T C
T M R 0 L
T M R 0 C
T M R 1 L
T M R 1 C
P A
P A C
P B
P B C
P C
P C C
P F
D A C H i g h B y t e ( D A H )
D A C L o w B y t e ( D A L )
D A C C o n t r o l ( D A C )
C h a n n e l N u m b e r S e l e c t ( C H A N )
F r e q u e n c y N u m b e r H i g h B y t e ( F r e q N H )
F r e q u e n c y N u m b e r L o w B y t e ( F r e q N L )
S t a r t A d d r e s s H i g h B y t e ( A d d r H )
S t a r t A d d r e s s L o w B y t e ( A d d r L )
R e p e a t N u m b e r H i g h B y t e ( R e H )
R e p e a t N u m b e r L o w B y t e ( R e L )
C o n t r o l R e g i s t e r ( E N V )
L e f t V o l u m e C o n t r o l ( L V C )
R i g h t V o l u m e C o n t r o l ( R V C )
RAM Mapping
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 9 August 15, 2005
²CLR [m].i²instructions, respectively. They are also indi-
rectly accessible through Memory pointer registers
(MP0:01H, MP1:03H).
Indirect Addressing Register
Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers
that are not physically implemented. Any read/write op-
eration of [00H] and [02H] access data memory pointed
to by MP0 (01H) and MP1 (03H) respectively. Reading
location 00H or 02H directly will return the result 00H.
And writing directly results in no operation.
The function of data movement between two indirect ad-
dressing registers, is not supported. The memory
pointer registers, MP0 and MP1, are 8-bit register which
can be used to access the data memory by combining
corresponding indirect addressing registers.
Accumulator
The accumulator closely relates to ALU operations. It is
mapped to location 05H of the data memory and it can
operate with immediate data. The data movement be-
tween two data memory locations must pass through
the accumulator.
Arithmetic and Logic Unit -ALU
This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operation.
The ALU provides the following functions:
·Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA)
·Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL)
·Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC)
·Increment & Decrement (INC, DEC)
·Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....)
The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation but
can also change the status register.
Status Register -STATUS
This 8-bit register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry
flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV),
power down flag (PDF) and Watchdog time-out flag
(TO). It also records the status information and controls the
operation sequence.
With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in the
status register can be altered by instructions like any
other register. Any data written into the status register
will not change the TO or PDF flags. In addition it should
be noted that operations related to the status register
may give different results from those intended. The TO
and PDF flags can only be changed by system power
up, Watchdog Timer overflow, executing the HALT in-
struction and clearing the Watchdog Timer.
The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of
the latest operations.
In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or exe-
cuting a subroutine call, the status register will not be
automatically pushed onto the stack. If the contents of
status are important and the subroutine can corrupt the
status register, the programmer must take precautions
to save it properly.
Interrupt
The HT36A1 provides two internal timer counter inter-
rupts on each bank. The Interrupt Control register
(INTC;0BH) contains the interrupt control bits that sets
the enable/disable and the interrupt request flags.
Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all other inter-
rupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This
scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other
interrupt requests may occur during this interval but only
the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain inter-
rupt needs servicing within the service routine, the pro-
grammer may set the EMI bit and the corresponding bit
Bit No. Label Function
0C
C is set if an operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not
take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. Also it is affected by a ro-
tate through carry instruction.
1AC
AC is set if an operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from
the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared.
2 Z Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logical operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.
3OV
OV is set if an operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the
highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.
4 PDF PDF is cleared by either a system power-up or executing the CLR WDT instruction.
PDF is set by executing the HALT instruction.
5TO
TO is cleared by a system power-up or executing the CLR WDT or HALT instruction. TO is
set by a WDT time-out.
6~7 ¾Unused bit, read as ²0²
Status (0AH) Register
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 10 August 15, 2005
of the INTC to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full,
the interrupt request will not be acknowledged, even if
the related interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decre-
mented. If immediate service is desired, the stack must
be prevented from becoming full.
All these kinds of interrupt have a wake-up capability. As
an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by
pushing the program counter onto the stack and then
branching to subroutines at specified locations in the
program memory. Only the program counter is pushed
onto the stack. If the contents of the register and Status
register (STATUS) are altered by the interrupt service
program which may corrupt the desired control se-
quence, then the programmer must save the contents
first.
The internal Timer Counter 0 interrupt is initialized by
setting the Timer Counter 0 interrupt request flag (T0F;
bit 5 of INTC), caused by a Timer Counter 0 overflow.
When the interrupt is enabled, and the stack is not full
and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location 08H
will occur. The related interrupt request flag (T0F) will be
reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further inter-
rupts.
The Timer Counter 1 interrupt is operated in the same
manner as Timer Counter 0. The related interrupt con-
trol bits ET1I and T1F of the Timer Counter 1 are bit 3
and bit 6 of the INTC respectively.
During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other in-
terrupt acknowledgments are held until the RETI in-
struction is executed or the EMI bit and the related
interrupt control bit are set to 1 (if the stack is not full). To
return from the interrupt subroutine, the RET or RETI in-
struction may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to en-
able an interrupt service, but RET will not.
Interrupts occurring in the interval between the rising
edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on
the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding inter-
rupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests
the priorities in the following table apply. These can be
masked by resetting the EMI bit.
Interrupt Source Priority Vector
Timer Counter 0 overflow 1 08H
Timer Counter 1 overflow 2 0CH
The Timer Counter 0/1 interrupt request flag (T0F/T1F),
Enable Timer Counter 0/1 bit (ET0I/ET1I) and Enable
Master Interrupt bit (EMI) constitute an interrupt control
register (INTC) which is located at 0BH in the data mem-
ory. EMI, ET0I, ET1I are used to control the en-
abling/disabling of interrupts. These bits prevent the
requested interrupt from being serviced. Once the inter-
rupt request flags (T0F, T1F) are set, they will remain in
the INTC register until the interrupts are serviced or
cleared by a software instruction.
It is recommended that a program does not use the
²CALL subroutine²within the interrupt subroutine. Be-
cause interrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner
or need to be serviced immediately in some applica-
tions, if only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is
not well controlled, once the ²CALL subroutine²operates
in the interrupt subroutine, it may damage the original
control sequence.
Oscillator Configuration
The HT36A1 provides two types of oscillator circuit for
the system clock, i.e., RC oscillator and crystal oscilla-
tor. No matter what type of oscillator, the signal divided
by 2 is used for the system clock. The HALT mode stops
the system oscillator and ignores external signal to con-
serve power. If the RC oscillator is used, an external re-
sistor between OSC1 and VSS is required, and the
range of the resistance should be from 30kWto 680kW.
Bit No. Label Function
0 EMI Controls the Master (Global) interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)
1¾Unused bit, read as ²0²
2 ET0I Controls the Timer Counter 0 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)
3 ET1I Controls the Timer Counter 1 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)
4¾Unused bit, read as ²0²
5 T0F Internal Timer Counter 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
6 T1F Internal Timer Counter 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)
7¾Unused bit, read as ²0²
INTC (0BH) Register
C r y s t a l O s c i l l a t o r R C O s c i l l a t o r
O S C 1
O S C 2
O S C 2
f
S Y S
/ 8
O S C 1 VD D
System Oscillator
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 11 August 15, 2005
The system clock, divided by 4, is available on OSC2
with pull-high resistor, which can be used to synchronize
external logic. The RC oscillator provides the most cost
effective solution. However, the frequency of the oscilla-
tion may vary with VDD, temperature, and the chip itself
due to process variations. It is therefore, not suitable for
timing sensitive operations where accurate oscillator
frequency is desired.
On the other hand, if the crystal oscillator is selected, a
crystal across OSC1 and OSC2 is needed to provide the
feedback and phase shift required for the oscillator, and
no other external components are required. A resonator
may be connected between OSC1 and OSC2 to replace
the crystal and to get a frequency reference, but two ex-
ternal capacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required.
The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscilla-
tor, and no external components are required. Even if
the system enters the power down mode, the system
clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a
period of approximately 78ms. The WDT oscillator can
be disabled by mask option to conserve power.
Watchdog Timer -WDT
The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated
RC oscillator (WDT oscillator) or instruction clock (sys-
tem clock of the MCU divided by 4), determined by mask
options. This timer is designed to prevent a software
malfunction or sequence jumping to an unknown loca-
tion with unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can
be disabled by mask option. If the Watchdog Timer is
disabled, all the executions related to the WDT result in
no operation.
Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a
period of 78ms normally) is selected, it is first divided by
256 (8-stages) to get the nominal time-out period of ap-
proximately 20ms. This time-out period may vary with
temperature, VDD and process variations. By invoking
the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be real-
ized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bit 2,1,0 of the
WDTS) can give different time-out periods. If WS2,
WS1, WS0 all equal to 1, the division ratio is up to 1:128,
and the maximum time-out period is 2.6 seconds.
If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT clock may still
come from the instruction clock and operate in the same
manner except that in the HALT state the WDT may stop
counting and lose its protecting purpose. In this situation
the logic can only be restarted by external logic. The
high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are reserved for user
defined flags, and the programmer may use these flags
to indicate some specified status.
WS2 WS1 WS0 Division Ratio
000 1:1
001 1:2
010 1:4
011 1:8
1 0 0 1:16
1 0 1 1:32
1 1 0 1:64
1 1 1 1:128
If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the
on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recom-
mended, since the HALT will stop the system clock.
The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize
a²chip reset²and set the status bit TO. Whereas in the
HALT mode, the overflow will initialize a ²warm reset²
only the program counter and SP are reset to zero. To
clear the WDT contents (including the WDT prescaler ),
3 methods are implemented; external reset (a low level
to RES), software instructions, or a HALT instruction.
The software instructions include CLR WDT and the
other set -CLR WDT1 and CLR WDT2. Of these two
types of instructions, only one can be active depending
on the mask option -²CLR WDT times selection op-
tion².Ifthe²CLR WDT²is selected (i.e. CLRWDT times
equal one), any execution of the CLR WDT instruction
will clear the WDT. In case ²CLR WDT1²and ²CLR
WDT2²are chosen (i.e. CLRWDT times equal two),
these two instructions must be executed to clear the
WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset the chip because
of time-out.
Power Down Operation -HALT
The HALT mode is initialized by a HALT instruction and
results in the following...
·The system oscillator will turn off but the WDT oscilla-
tor keeps running (If the WDT oscillator is selected).
Watchdog Timer -WDT
S y s t e m C l o c k / 8
8 - b i t C o u n t e r
W D T P r e s c a l e r
7 - b i t C o u n t e r
8 - t o - 1 M U X
W D T T i m e - o u t
W S 0 ~ W S 2
M a s k
O p t i o n
S e l e c t
W D T
O S C
Watchdog Timer
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 12 August 15, 2005
·The contents of the on-chip RAM and registers remain
unchanged
·The WDT and WDT prescaler will be cleared and
starts to count again (if the clock comes from the WDT
oscillator).
·All I/O ports maintain their original status.
·The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared.
·The HALT pin will output a high level signal to disable
the external ROM.
The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an
external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge sig-
nal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset
causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow per-
forms a ²warm reset². By examining the TO and PDF
flags, the cause for a chip reset can be determined. The
PDF flag is cleared when there is a system power-up or by
executing the CLR WDT instruction and it is set when a
HALT instruction is executed. The TO flag is set if the WDT
time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets
the program counter and SP, the others remain in their
original status.
The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be con-
sidered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit
in port A can be independently selected to wake-up the
device by mask option. Awakening from an I/O port stim-
ulus, the program will resume execution of the next in-
struction. If awakening from an interrupt, two sequences
may occur. If the related interrupts is disabled or the in-
terrupts is enabled but the stack is full, the program will
resume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt
is enabled and the stack is not full, a regular interrupt re-
sponse takes place.
Once a wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 tSYS (sys-
tem clock period) to resume to normal operation. In
other words, a dummy cycle period will be inserted after
the wake-up. If the wake-up results from an interrupt ac-
knowledge, the actual interrupt subroutine will be de-
layed by one more cycle. If the wake-up results in next
instruction execution, this will execute immediately after
a dummy period has finished. If an interrupt request flag
is set to ²1²before entering the HALT mode, the
wake-up function of the related interrupt will be disabled.
To minimize power consumption, all I/O pins should be
carefully managed before entering the HALT status.
Reset
There are 3 ways in which a reset can occur:
·RES reset during normal operation
·RES reset during HALT
·WDT time-out reset during normal operation
The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other
chip reset conditions, since it can perform a ²warm re -
set²that just resets the program counter and SP, leaving
the other circuits to maintain their state. Some registers
remain unchanged during any other reset conditions.
Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition²when
the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and
TO flags, the program can distinguish between different
²chip resets².
TO PDF RESET Conditions
0 0 RES reset during power-up
u u RES reset during normal operation
0 1 RES wake-up HALT
1 u WDT time-out during normal operation
1 1 WDT wake-up HALT
Note: ²u²stands for ²unchanged²
To guarantee that the system oscillator has started and
stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an
extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses during system
power up or when the system awakes from a HALT
state.
When a system power-up occurs, the SST delay is
added during the reset period. But when the reset co-
mes from the RES pin, the SST delay is disabled. Any
wake-up from HALT will enable the SST delay.
The functional units chip reset status are shown below.
Program Counter 000H
Interrupt Disable
Prescaler Clear
WDT Clear. After master reset,
WDT begins counting
Timer Counter (0/1) Off
Input/output ports Input mode
SP Points to the top of stack
R E S
V
D D
Reset Circuit
tS S T
R E S
V D D
S S T T i m e - o u t
C h i p R e s e t
Reset Timing Chart
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 13 August 15, 2005
The registers status is summarized in the following table:
Register Reset
(Power On)
WDT Time-out
(Normal Operation)
RES Reset
(Normal Operation)
RES Reset
(HALT)
WDT Time-out
(HALT)*
MP0 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
MP1 xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ACC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
Program Counter 0000H 0000H 0000H 0000H 0000H
TBLP xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TBLH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
WDTS 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 0000 0111 uuuu uuuu
STATUS --00 xxxx --1u uuuu --uu uuuu --01 uuuu --11 uuuu
INTC -00- 00-0 -00- 00-0 -00- 00-0 -00- 00-0 -Uu- uu-u
TMR0L xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR0C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u 1uuu
TMR1L xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
TMR1C 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 00-0 1000 uu-u 1uuu
PA 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PAC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PB 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PBC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PCC 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 uuuu uuuu
PF ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -uuu
DAH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
DAL xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
DAC ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -000 ---- -uuu
CHAN 00-- -000 uu-- -uuu uu-- -uuu uu-- -uuu uu-- -uuu
FreqNH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
FreqNL xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
AddrH ---- xxxx ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- uuuu ---- uuuu
AddrL xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ReH xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ReL xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
ENV x-xx xxxx u-uu uuuu u-uu uuuu u-uu uuuu u-uu uuuu
LVC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
RVC xxxx xxxx uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu uuuu
Note: ²*²stands for warm reset
²u²stands for unchanged
²x²stands for unknown
²-² stands for unused
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 14 August 15, 2005
Timer 0/1
Timer 0 is an 8-bit counter, and its clock source comes
from the system clock divided by an 8-stage prescaler.
There are two registers related to Timer 0; TMR0L(0DH)
and TMR0C(0EH). One physical registers are mapped
to TMR0L location; writing TMR0L makes the starting
value be placed in the Timer 0 preload register and
reading the TMR0 gets the contents of the Timer 0 coun-
ter. The TMR0C is a control register, which defines the
division ration of the prescaler and counting enable or
disable.
Writing data to B2, B1 and B0 (bits 2, 1, 0 of TMR0C)
can yield various clock sources.
One the Timer 0 starts counting, it will count from the
current contents in the counter to FFH. Once an over-
flow occurs, the counter is reloaded from a preload reg-
ister, and generates an interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 2
of INTCH). To enable the counting operation, the timer
On bit (TON; bit 4 of TMR0C) should be set to ²1². For
proper operation, bit 7 of TMR0C should be set to ²1²
and bit 3, bit 6 should be set to ²0².
There are two registers related to the Timer Counter1;
TMR1L(10H), TMR1C(11H). The Timer Counter 1 oper-
ates in the same manner as Timer Counter 0.
TMR0C/TMR1C T0F
B2 B1 B0
0 0 0 SYS CLK/16
0 0 1 SYS CLK/32
0 1 0 SYS CLK/64
0 1 1 SYS CLK/128
1 0 0 SYS CLK/256
1 0 1 SYS CLK/512
1 1 0 SYS CLK/1024
1 1 1 SYS CLK/2048
TMR0C Bit 4 to enable/disable timer counting
(1=enable; 0=disable)
TMR0C Bit 3, always write ²0².
TMR0C Bit 5, always write ²0².
TMR0C Bit 6, always write ²0².
TMR0C Bit 7, always write ²1².
Input/Output Ports
There are 24 bidirectional input/output lines labeled
from PA to PC, which are mapped to the data memory of
[12H], [14H], [16H] respectively. All these I/O ports can
be used for input and output operations. For input oper-
ation, these ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs
must be ready at the T2 rising edge of instruction MOV
A,[m] (m=12H, 14H or 16H). For output operation, all
data is latched and remains unchanged until the output
latch is rewritten.
Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC,
PCC) to control the input/output configuration. With this
control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trigger input
with or without pull-high resistor (mask option) struc-
tures can be reconfigured dynamically under software
control. To function as an input, the corresponding latch
of the control register must write a ²1². The pull-high re-
sistance will exhibit automatically if the pull-high option
is selected. The input source also depends on the con-
trol register. If the control register bit is ²1², input will
read the pad state. If the control register bit is ²0², the
contents of the latches will move to the internal bus. The
latter is possible in ²read-modify-write²instruction. For
output function, CMOS is the only configuration. These
control registers are mapped to locations 13H, 15H and
17H.
After a chip reset, these input/output lines remain at high
levels or floating (mask option). Each bit of these in-
put/output latches can be set or cleared by the SET [m].i
or CLR [m].i (m=12H, 14H or 16H) instruction.
Some instructions first input data and then follow the
output operations. For example, the SET [m].i, CLR
[m].i, CPL [m] and CPLA [m] instructions read the entire
port states into the CPU, execute the defined operations
(bit-operation), and then write the results back to the
latches or the accumulator.
Each line of port A has the capability to wake-up the de-
vice.
S y s t e m
C l o c k / 8
8 - s t a g e
P r e s c a l e r
T i m e r 0 / 1
P r e l o a d R e g i s t e r
T i m e r 0 / 1
D a t a B u s
R e l o a d
O v e r f l o w
T O N
T 0 F
Timer 0/1
W D T
H A L T
W D T
T i m e - o u t
R e s e t
R E S
C o l d
R e s e t
W a r m R e s e t
P o w e r - o n D e t e c t i n g
SST
1 0 - s t a g e
R i p p l e C o u n t e r
O S C I
Reset Configuration
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 15 August 15, 2005
Q
D
C K S
Q
Q
D
C K S
Q
MUX
D a t a B u s
W r i t e C o n t r o l R e g i s t e r
C h i p R e s e t
R e a d C o n t r o l R e g i s t e r
W r i t e I / O
R e a d I / O
S y s t e m W a k e - U p ( P A o n l y )
W e a k
P u l l - u p
P A 0 ~ P A 7
P B 0 ~ P B 7
M a s k O p t i o n
M a s k O p t i o n
P C 0 ~ P C 7
VD D
VD D
Input/Output Ports
8 Channel Wavetable Synthesizer
Memory Map Register Table (1DH~FFH)
Name Function D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1DH DAC high byte (no default value) DA15 DA14 DA13 DA12 DA11 DA10 DA9 DA8
1EH DAC low byte (no default value) DA7 DA6 DA5 DA4 DA3 DA2 DA1 DA0
1FH
DAON=1: DAC ON
DAON=0: DAC OFF (default)
SELW=1: DAC data from wavetable
SELW=0: DAC data from MCU
¾¾¾¾¾
SELW
-Left DAON SELW
-Right
20H Channel number selection VM FR CH2 CH1 CH0
21H High byte frequency number BL3 BL2 BL1 BL0 FR11 FR10 FR9 FR8
22H Low byte frequency number FR7 FR6 FR5 FR4 FR3 FR2 FR1 FR0
23H High byte start address ST11 ST10 ST9 ST8
24H Low byte start address ST7 ST6 ST5 ST4 ST3 ST2 ST1 ST0
25H Wave bit select,
High byte repeat number WBS RE14 RE13 RE12 RE11 RE10 RE9 RE8
26H Low byte repeat number RE7 RE6 RE5 RE4 RE3 RE2 RE1 RE0
27H Envelope control,
Volume control A_R VL9 VL8 ENV1 ENV0 VR9 VR8
28H Unused
29H Volume control VL7 VL6 VL5 VL4 VL3 VL2 VL1 LV0
2AH Volume control VR7 VR6 VR5 VR4 VR3 VR2 VR1 VR0
2BH~2FH Unused
30H~FFH Data memory (RAM) General purpose data memory (same as 8-Bit MCU)
Note: ²¾² No function, read only, read as ²0².
²Unused²No function, read only, read as ²0².
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 16 August 15, 2005
·CH2~0 channel number selection
The HT36A1 has a built-in 8 output channels and
CH2~0 is used to define which channel is selected.
When this register is written to, the wavetable synthe-
sizer will automatically output the dedicated PCM
code. So this register is also used as a start playing
key and it has to be written to after all the other
wavetable function registers are already defined.
·Change parameter selection
These two bits, VM and FR, are used to define which
register will be updated on this selected channel.
There are two modes that can be selected to reduce
the process of setting the register. Please refer to the
statements of the following table:
VM FR Function
0 0 Update all the parameter
0 1 Only update the frequency number
1 0 Only update the volume
·Output frequency definition
The data on BL3~0 and FR11~0 are used to define the
output speed of the PCM file, i.e. it can be used to
generate the tone scale. When the FR11~0 is 800H
and BL3~0 is 6H, each sample data of the PCM code
will be sent out sequentially.
When the fOSC is 6.4MHz, the formula of a tone fre-
quency is:
fOUT=f
RECORD ´25kHz
SR ´FR11~ 0
2(17 BL3~0)-
where fOUT is the output signal frequency, fRECORD and
SR is the frequency and sampling rate on the sample
code, respectively.
So if a voice code of C3 has been recorded which has
the fRECORD of 261Hz and the SR of 11025Hz, the tone
frequency (fOUT) of G3: fOUT=98Hz.
Can be obtained by using the fomula:
98Hz= 261Hz ´25kHz
11025Hz ´FR11~ 0
2(17 BL3~0)-
A pair of the values FR11~0 and BL3~0 can be deter-
mined when the fOSC is 6.4MHz.
·Start address definition
The HT36A1 provides two address types for extended
use, one is the program ROM address which is pro-
gram counter corresponding with PF value, the other
is the start address of the PCM code.
The ST11~0 is used to define the start address of
each PCM code and reads the waveform data from
this location. The HT36A1 provides 16 input data lines
from WA15~0, the ST11~0 is used to locate the major
12 bits i.e. WA15~5 and the undefined data from
WA4~0 is always set as 00000b. In other words, the
WA15~0=ST11~0 ´25. So each PCM code has to be
located at a multiple of 32. Otherwise, the PCM code
will not be read out correctly because it has a wrong
start code.
·Waveform format definition
The HT36A1 accepts two waveform formats to ensure
a more economical data space. WBS is used to define
the sample format of each PCM code.
¨WBS=0 means the sample format is 8-bit
¨WBS=1 means the sample format is 12-bit
The 12-bit sample format allocates location to each
sample data. Please refer to the waveform format
statement as shown below.
·Repeat number definition
The repeat number is used to define the address
which is the repeat point of the sample. When the re-
peat number is defined, it will be output from the start
code to the end code once and always output the
range between the repeat address to the end code
(80H) until the volume become close.
The RE14~0 is used to calculate the repeat address
of the PCM code. The process for setting the RE14~0
is to write the 2¢s complement of the repeat length to
RE14~0, with the highest carry ignored. The HT36A0
will get the repeat address by adding the RE14~0 to
the address of the end code, then jump to the address
to repeat this range.
·Left and Right volume control
The HT36A1 provides the left and right volume control
independently. The left and right volume are con-
trolled by VL9~0 and VR9~0 respectively. The chip
provides 1024 levels of controllable volume, the 000H
is the maximum and 3FFH is the minimum output vol-
ume.
1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B
1 H 1 M 1 L 2 L 2 H 2 M 3 H 3 M
A s a m p l i n g d a t a c o d e ; B m e a n s o n e d a t a b y t e .
8 - B i t
1 2 - B i t 3 L
N o t e : " 1 H " H i g h N i b b l e
" 1 M " M i d d l e N i b b l e
" 1 L " L o w N i b b l e
A s a m p l i n g d a t a c o d e
Waveform Format
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 17 August 15, 2005
·Envelope type definition
The HT36A1 provides a function to easily program the
envelope by setting the data of ENV1~0 and A_R. It
forms a vibrato effect by a change of the volume to at-
tach and release alternately.
The A_R signal is used to define the volume change in
attach mode or release mode and ENV1~0 is used to
define which volume control bit will be changeable. On
the attach mode, the control bits will be sequentially
signaled down to 0. On the release mode, the control
bits will be sequentially signaled up to 1. The relation-
ship is shown in the following table.
·The PCM code definition
The HT36A1 can only solve the voice format of the
signed 8-bit raw PCM. And the MCU will take the voice
code 80H as the end code.
So each PCM code section must be ended with the
end code 80H.
Mask Option
No. Mask Option Function
1 WDT source On-chip RC/Instruction
clock/disable WDT
2 CLRWDT times One time, two times
(CLR WDT1/WDT2)
3 Wake-up PA only
4 Pull-High PA, PB, PC input
5 OSC mode Crystal or Resistor type
A_R ENV1 ENV0 Volume Control Bit Control Bit Final Value Mode
0 0 0 VR2~0 111b
Release mode0 0 1 VR1~0 11b
0 1 0 VR0 1b
x 1 1 No Bit unchanged No change mode
1 0 0 VR2~0 000b
Attach mode1 0 1 VR1~0 00b
1 1 0 VR0 0b
Envelope Type Definition
Application Circuit
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 18 August 15, 2005
R E S
H T 3 6 A 1
P C 0 ~ P C 7
P A 0 ~ P A 7
P B 0 ~ P B 7
RCH
VD D
O S C 1
O S C 2
R E S
H T 3 6 A 1
P C 0 ~ P C 7
P A 0 ~ P A 7
P B 0 ~ P B 7
VD D
O S C 1
O S C 2
8 M H z
V
D D
S P K
8
W
R 1
1 k
W
R C H
100k
W
0 . 1
m
F
100k
W
0 . 1
m
F
V
D D
4 7
m
F
0 . 1
m
F
V r e f
1 0
m
F
I N V D D
H T 8 2 V 7 3 3
V S S
C E
O U T N
O U T P
S P K
8
W
20k
W
1
2
3
45
7
8
N o t e : R 1 > R 2
R 2
750
W
V
D D
V D D V D D A
1 0
W
4 7
m
F0 . 1
m
F
V
D D
V D D V D D A
1 0
W
4 7
m
F0 . 1
m
F
V S S A
V S S
L C H
L C H
V
D D
4 7
m
F
0 . 1
m
F
V r e f
1 0
m
F
I N V D D
H T 8 2 V 7 3 3
V S S
C E
O U T N
O U T P
S P K
8
W
20k
W
1
2
3
45
7
8
V S S A
V S S
V
D D
S P K
8
W
R 1
1 k
W
R 2
750
W
Instruction Set Summary
Mnemonic Description Instruction
Cycle
Flag
Affected
Arithmetic
ADD A,[m]
ADDM A,[m]
ADD A,x
ADC A,[m]
ADCM A,[m]
SUB A,x
SUB A,[m]
SUBM A,[m]
SBC A,[m]
SBCM A,[m]
DAA [m]
Add data memory to ACC
Add ACC to data memory
Add immediate data to ACC
Add data memory to ACC with carry
Add ACC to data memory with carry
Subtract immediate data from ACC
Subtract data memory from ACC
Subtract data memory from ACC with result in data memory
Subtract data memory from ACC with carry
Subtract data memory from ACC with carry and result in data memory
Decimal adjust ACC for addition with result in data memory
1
1(1)
1
1
1(1)
1
1
1(1)
1
1(1)
1(1)
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
Z,C,AC,OV
C
Logic Operation
AND A,[m]
OR A,[m]
XOR A,[m]
ANDM A,[m]
ORM A,[m]
XORM A,[m]
AND A,x
OR A,x
XOR A,x
CPL [m]
CPLA [m]
AND data memory to ACC
OR data memory to ACC
Exclusive-OR data memory to ACC
AND ACC to data memory
OR ACC to data memory
Exclusive-OR ACC to data memory
AND immediate data to ACC
OR immediate data to ACC
Exclusive-OR immediate data to ACC
Complement data memory
Complement data memory with result in ACC
1
1
1
1(1)
1(1)
1(1)
1
1
1
1(1)
1
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Z
Increment & Decrement
INCA [m]
INC [m]
DECA [m]
DEC [m]
Increment data memory with result in ACC
Increment data memory
Decrement data memory with result in ACC
Decrement data memory
1
1(1)
1
1(1)
Z
Z
Z
Z
Rotate
RRA [m]
RR [m]
RRCA [m]
RRC [m]
RLA [m]
RL [m]
RLCA [m]
RLC [m]
Rotate data memory right with result in ACC
Rotate data memory right
Rotate data memory right through carry with result in ACC
Rotate data memory right through carry
Rotate data memory left with result in ACC
Rotate data memory left
Rotate data memory left through carry with result in ACC
Rotate data memory left through carry
1
1(1)
1
1(1)
1
1(1)
1
1(1)
None
None
C
C
None
None
C
C
Data Move
MOV A,[m]
MOV [m],A
MOV A,x
Move data memory to ACC
Move ACC to data memory
Move immediate data to ACC
1
1(1)
1
None
None
None
Bit Operation
CLR [m].i
SET [m].i
Clear bit of data memory
Set bit of data memory
1(1)
1(1)
None
None
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 19 August 15, 2005
Mnemonic Description Instruction
Cycle
Flag
Affected
Branch
JMP addr
SZ [m]
SZA [m]
SZ [m].i
SNZ [m].i
SIZ [m]
SDZ [m]
SIZA [m]
SDZA [m]
CALL addr
RET
RET A,x
RETI
Jump unconditionally
Skip if data memory is zero
Skip if data memory is zero with data movement to ACC
Skip if bit i of data memory is zero
Skip if bit i of data memory is not zero
Skip if increment data memory is zero
Skip if decrement data memory is zero
Skip if increment data memory is zero with result in ACC
Skip if decrement data memory is zero with result in ACC
Subroutine call
Return from subroutine
Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC
Return from interrupt
2
1(2)
1(2)
1(2)
1(2)
1(3)
1(3)
1(2)
1(2)
2
2
2
2
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Table Read
TABRDC [m]
TABRDL [m]
Read ROM code (current page) to data memory and TBLH
Read ROM code (last page) to data memory and TBLH
2(1)
2(1)
None
None
Miscellaneous
NOP
CLR [m]
SET [m]
CLR WDT
CLR WDT1
CLR WDT2
SWAP [m]
SWAPA [m]
HALT
No operation
Clear data memory
Set data memory
Clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Pre-clear Watchdog Timer
Swap nibbles of data memory
Swap nibbles of data memory with result in ACC
Enter power down mode
1
1(1)
1(1)
1
1
1
1(1)
1
1
None
None
None
TO,PDF
TO(4),PDF(4)
TO(4),PDF(4)
None
None
TO,PDF
Note: x: Immediate data
m: Data memory address
A: Accumulator
i: 0~7 number of bits
addr: Program memory address
Ö: Flag is affected
-: Flag is not affected
(1): If a loading to the PCL register occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more cycle
(four system clocks).
(2): If a skipping to the next instruction occurs, the execution cycle of instructions will be delayed for one more
cycle (four system clocks). Otherwise the original instruction cycle is unchanged.
(3):(1) and (2)
(4): The flags may be affected by the execution status. If the Watchdog Timer is cleared by executing the
CLR WDT1 or CLR WDT2 instruction, the TO and PDF are cleared.
Otherwise the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged.
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 20 August 15, 2005
Instruction Definition
ADC A,[m] Add data memory and carry to the accumulator
Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added si-
multaneously, leaving the result in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC+[m]+C
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
ADCM A,[m] Add the accumulator and carry to data memory
Description The contents of the specified data memory, accumulator and the carry flag are added si-
multaneously, leaving the result in the specified data memory.
Operation [m] ¬ACC+[m]+C
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
ADD A,[m] Add data memory to the accumulator
Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC+[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
ADD A,x Add immediate data to the accumulator
Description The contents of the accumulator and the specified data are added, leaving the result in the
accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC+x
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
ADDM A,[m] Add the accumulator to the data memory
Description The contents of the specified data memory and the accumulator are added. The result is
stored in the data memory.
Operation [m] ¬ACC+[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 21 August 15, 2005
AND A,[m] Logical AND accumulator with data memory
Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory perform a bitwise logical_AND op-
eration. The result is stored in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC ²AND²[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
AND A,x Logical AND immediate data to the accumulator
Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_AND operation.
The result is stored in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC ²AND²x
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
ANDM A,[m] Logical AND data memory with the accumulator
Description Data in the specified data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical_AND op-
eration. The result is stored in the data memory.
Operation [m] ¬ACC ²AND²[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
CALL addr Subroutine call
Description The instruction unconditionally calls a subroutine located at the indicated address. The
program counter increments once to obtain the address of the next instruction, and pushes
this onto the stack. The indicated address is then loaded. Program execution continues
with the instruction at this address.
Operation Stack ¬Program Counter+1
Program Counter ¬addr
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾ ¾¾¾¾¾
CLR [m] Clear data memory
Description The contents of the specified data memory are cleared to 0.
Operation [m] ¬00H
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 22 August 15, 2005
CLR [m].i Clear bit of data memory
Description The bit i of the specified data memory is cleared to 0.
Operation [m].i ¬0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
CLR WDT Clear Watchdog Timer
Description The WDT is cleared (clears the WDT). The power down bit (PDF) and time-out bit (TO) are
cleared.
Operation WDT ¬00H
PDF and TO ¬0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
00
¾¾¾¾
CLR WDT1 Preclear Watchdog Timer
Description Together with CLR WDT2, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution
of this instruction without the other preclear instruction just sets the indicated flag which im-
plies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged.
Operation WDT ¬00H*
PDF and TO ¬0*
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
0* 0* ¾¾¾¾
CLR WDT2 Preclear Watchdog Timer
Description Together with CLR WDT1, clears the WDT. PDF and TO are also cleared. Only execution
of this instruction without the other preclear instruction, sets the indicated flag which im-
plies this instruction has been executed and the TO and PDF flags remain unchanged.
Operation WDT ¬00H*
PDF and TO ¬0*
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
0* 0* ¾¾¾¾
CPL [m] Complement data memory
Description Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa.
Operation [m] ¬[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 23 August 15, 2005
CPLA [m] Complement data memory and place result in the accumulator
Description Each bit of the specified data memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits
which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice-versa. The complemented result
is stored in the accumulator and the contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC ¬[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
DAA [m] Decimal-Adjust accumulator for addition
Description The accumulator value is adjusted to the BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) code. The accumu-
lator is divided into two nibbles. Each nibble is adjusted to the BCD code and an internal
carry (AC1) will be done if the low nibble of the accumulator is greater than 9. The BCD ad-
justment is done by adding 6 to the original value if the original value is greater than 9 or a
carry (AC or C) is set; otherwise the original value remains unchanged. The result is stored
in the data memory and only the carry flag (C) may be affected.
Operation If ACC.3~ACC.0 >9 or AC=1
then [m].3~[m].0 ¬(ACC.3~ACC.0)+6, AC1=AC
else [m].3~[m].0 ¬(ACC.3~ACC.0), AC1=0
and
If ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1 >9 or C=1
then [m].7~[m].4 ¬ACC.7~ACC.4+6+AC1,C=1
else [m].7~[m].4 ¬ACC.7~ACC.4+AC1,C=C
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾ Ö
DEC [m] Decrement data memory
Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1.
Operation [m] ¬[m]-1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
DECA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in the accumulator
Description Data in the specified data memory is decremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumula-
tor. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC ¬[m]-1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 24 August 15, 2005
HALT Enter power down mode
Description This instruction stops program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents of
the RAM and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The power down
bit (PDF) is set and the WDT time-out bit (TO) is cleared.
Operation Program Counter ¬Program Counter+1
PDF ¬1
TO ¬0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
01
¾¾¾¾
INC [m] Increment data memory
Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1
Operation [m] ¬[m]+1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
INCA [m] Increment data memory and place result in the accumulator
Description Data in the specified data memory is incremented by 1, leaving the result in the accumula-
tor. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC ¬[m]+1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
JMP addr Directly jump
Description The program counter are replaced with the directly-specified address unconditionally, and
control is passed to this destination.
Operation Program Counter ¬addr
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
MOV A,[m] Move data memory to the accumulator
Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 25 August 15, 2005
MOV A,x Move immediate data to the accumulator
Description The 8-bit data specified by the code is loaded into the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬x
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
MOV [m],A Move the accumulator to data memory
Description The contents of the accumulator are copied to the specified data memory (one of the data
memories).
Operation [m] ¬ACC
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
NOP No operation
Description No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.
Operation Program Counter ¬Program Counter+1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
OR A,[m] Logical OR accumulator with data memory
Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data memory (one of the data memories) per-
form a bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC ²OR²[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
OR A,x Logical OR immediate data to the accumulator
Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical_OR operation.
The result is stored in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC ²OR²x
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
ORM A,[m] Logical OR data memory with the accumulator
Description Data in the data memory (one of the data memories) and the accumulator perform a
bitwise logical_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory.
Operation [m] ¬ACC ²OR²[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 26 August 15, 2005
RET Return from subroutine
Description The program counter is restored from the stack. This is a 2-cycle instruction.
Operation Program Counter ¬Stack
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
RET A,x Return and place immediate data in the accumulator
Description The program counter is restored from the stack and the accumulator loaded with the speci-
fied 8-bit immediate data.
Operation Program Counter ¬Stack
ACC ¬x
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
RETI Return from interrupt
Description The program counter is restored from the stack, and interrupts are enabled by setting the
EMI bit. EMI is the enable master (global) interrupt bit.
Operation Program Counter ¬Stack
EMI ¬1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
RL [m] Rotate data memory left
Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0.
Operation [m].(i+1) ¬[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
[m].0 ¬[m].7
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
RLA [m] Rotate data memory left and place result in the accumulator
Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit left with bit 7 rotated into bit 0, leaving the
rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
ACC.0 ¬[m].7
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 27 August 15, 2005
RLC [m] Rotate data memory left through carry
Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 re-
places the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0 position.
Operation [m].(i+1) ¬[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
[m].0 ¬C
C¬[m].7
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾ Ö
RLCA [m] Rotate left through carry and place result in the accumulator
Description Data in the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit left. Bit 7 replaces the
carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0 position. The rotated result is stored
in the accumulator but the contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC.(i+1) ¬[m].i; [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
ACC.0 ¬C
C¬[m].7
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾ Ö
RR [m] Rotate data memory right
Description The contents of the specified data memory are rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated to bit 7.
Operation [m].i ¬[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
[m].7 ¬[m].0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
RRA [m] Rotate right and place result in the accumulator
Description Data in the specified data memory is rotated 1 bit right with bit 0 rotated into bit 7, leaving
the rotated result in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC.(i) ¬[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
ACC.7 ¬[m].0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
RRC [m] Rotate data memory right through carry
Description The contents of the specified data memory and the carry flag are together rotated 1 bit
right. Bit 0 replaces the carry bit; the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position.
Operation [m].i ¬[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
[m].7 ¬C
C¬[m].0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾ Ö
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 28 August 15, 2005
RRCA [m] Rotate right through carry and place result in the accumulator
Description Data of the specified data memory and the carry flag are rotated 1 bit right. Bit 0 replaces
the carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 7 position. The rotated result is
stored in the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC.i ¬[m].(i+1); [m].i:bit i of the data memory (i=0~6)
ACC.7 ¬C
C¬[m].0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾ Ö
SBC A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator
Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub-
tracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC+[m]+C
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
SBCM A,[m] Subtract data memory and carry from the accumulator
Description The contents of the specified data memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub-
tracted from the accumulator, leaving the result in the data memory.
Operation [m] ¬ACC+[m]+C
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
SDZ [m] Skip if decrement data memory is 0
Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next
instruction is skipped. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current
instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruc-
tion (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if ([m]-1)=0, [m] ¬([m]-1)
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SDZA [m] Decrement data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0
Description The contents of the specified data memory are decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next
instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the accumulator but the data memory remains
unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction
execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cy-
cles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if ([m]-1)=0, ACC ¬([m]-1)
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 29 August 15, 2005
SET [m] Set data memory
Description Each bit of the specified data memory is set to 1.
Operation [m] ¬FFH
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SET [m]. i Set bit of data memory
Description Bit i of the specified data memory is set to 1.
Operation [m].i ¬1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SIZ [m] Skip if increment data memory is 0
Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the fol-
lowing instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded and a
dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with
the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, [m] ¬([m]+1)
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SIZA [m] Increment data memory and place result in ACC, skip if 0
Description The contents of the specified data memory are incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the next
instruction is skipped and the result is stored in the accumulator. The data memory re-
mains unchanged. If the result is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current in-
struction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper
instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if ([m]+1)=0, ACC ¬([m]+1)
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SNZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is not 0
Description If bit i of the specified data memory is not 0, the next instruction is skipped. If bit i of the data
memory is not 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution,
is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Other-
wise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if [m].i¹0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 30 August 15, 2005
SUB A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator
Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the
result in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC+[m]+1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
SUBM A,[m] Subtract data memory from the accumulator
Description The specified data memory is subtracted from the contents of the accumulator, leaving the
result in the data memory.
Operation [m] ¬ACC+[m]+1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
SUB A,x Subtract immediate data from the accumulator
Description The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the accumula-
tor, leaving the result in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC+x+1
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾ÖÖÖÖ
SWAP [m] Swap nibbles within the data memory
Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory (1 of the data memo-
ries) are interchanged.
Operation [m].3~[m].0 «[m].7~[m].4
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SWAPA [m] Swap data memory and place result in the accumulator
Description The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified data memory are interchanged, writ-
ing the result to the accumulator. The contents of the data memory remain unchanged.
Operation ACC.3~ACC.0 ¬[m].7~[m].4
ACC.7~ACC.4 ¬[m].3~[m].0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 31 August 15, 2005
SZ [m] Skip if data memory is 0
Description If the contents of the specified data memory are 0, the following instruction, fetched during
the current instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the
proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if [m]=0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SZA [m] Move data memory to ACC, skip if 0
Description The contents of the specified data memory are copied to the accumulator. If the contents is
0, the following instruction, fetched during the current instruction execution, is discarded
and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruction (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed
with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if [m]=0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
SZ [m].i Skip if bit i of the data memory is 0
Description If bit i of the specified data memory is 0, the following instruction, fetched during the current
instruction execution, is discarded and a dummy cycle is replaced to get the proper instruc-
tion (2 cycles). Otherwise proceed with the next instruction (1 cycle).
Operation Skip if [m].i=0
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
TABRDC [m] Move the ROM code (current page) to TBLH and data memory
Description The low byte of ROM code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved
to the specified data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly.
Operation [m] ¬ROM code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ROM code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
TABRDL [m] Move the ROM code (last page) to TBLH and data memory
Description The low byte of ROM code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is moved to
the data memory and the high byte transferred to TBLH directly.
Operation [m] ¬ROM code (low byte)
TBLH ¬ROM code (high byte)
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾¾¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 32 August 15, 2005
XOR A,[m] Logical XOR accumulator with data memory
Description Data in the accumulator and the indicated data memory perform a bitwise logical Exclu-
sive_OR operation and the result is stored in the accumulator.
Operation ACC ¬ACC ²XOR²[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
XORM A,[m] Logical XOR data memory with the accumulator
Description Data in the indicated data memory and the accumulator perform a bitwise logical Exclu-
sive_OR operation. The result is stored in the data memory. The 0 flag is affected.
Operation [m] ¬ACC ²XOR²[m]
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
XOR A,x Logical XOR immediate data to the accumulator
Description Data in the accumulator and the specified data perform a bitwise logical Exclusive_OR op-
eration. The result is stored in the accumulator. The 0 flag is affected.
Operation ACC ¬ACC ²XOR²x
Affected flag(s)
TO PDF OV Z AC C
¾¾¾ Ö ¾¾
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 33 August 15, 2005
Package Information
28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
Symbol Dimensions in mil
Min. Nom. Max.
A 394 ¾419
B 290 ¾300
C14
¾20
C¢697 ¾713
D92
¾104
E¾50 ¾
F4
¾¾
G32¾38
H4
¾12
a0°¾10°
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 34 August 15, 2005
2 8
1
1 5
1 4
AB
C
D
F
C ' G
H
a
E
48-pin SSOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions
Symbol Dimensions in mil
Min. Nom. Max.
A 395 ¾420
B 291 ¾299
C8
¾12
C¢613 ¾637
D85
¾99
E¾25 ¾
F4
¾10
G25¾35
H4
¾12
a0°¾8°
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 35 August 15, 2005
4 8
1
2 5
2 4
AB
C
D
F
C ' G
H
a
E
Product Tape and Reel Specifications
Reel Dimensions
SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol Description Dimensions in mm
A Reel Outer Diameter 330±1.0
B Reel Inner Diameter 62±1.5
C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5
-0.2
D Key Slit Width 2.0±0.5
T1 Space Between Flange 24.8+0.3
-0.2
T2 Reel Thickness 30.2±0.2
SSOP 48W
Symbol Description Dimensions in mm
A Reel Outer Diameter 330±1.0
B Reel Inner Diameter 100±0.1
C Spindle Hole Diameter 13.0+0.5
-0.2
D Key Slit Width 2.0±0.5
T1 Space Between Flange 32.2+0.3
-0.2
T2 Reel Thickness 38.2±0.2
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 36 August 15, 2005
AC
B
T 1
T 2 D
Carrier Tape Dimensions
SOP 28W (300mil)
Symbol Description Dimensions in mm
W Carrier Tape Width 24.0±0.3
P Cavity Pitch 12.0±0.1
E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1
F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 11.5±0.1
D Perforation Diameter 1.5+0.1
D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.5+0.25
P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1
P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1
A0 Cavity Length 10.85±0.1
B0 Cavity Width 18.34±0.1
K0 Cavity Depth 2.97±0.1
t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.35±0.01
C Cover Tape Width 21.3
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 37 August 15, 2005
PD 1
W
P 1P 0
D
E
F
t
K 0
B 0
A 0
C
SSOP 48W
Symbol Description Dimensions in mm
W Carrier Tape Width 32.0±0.3
P Cavity Pitch 16.0±0.1
E Perforation Position 1.75±0.1
F Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction) 14.2±0.1
D Perforation Diameter 2.0 Min.
D1 Cavity Hole Diameter 1.5+0.25
P0 Perforation Pitch 4.0±0.1
P1 Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction) 2.0±0.1
A0 Cavity Length 12.0±0.1
B0 Cavity Width 16.20±0.1
K1 Cavity Depth 2.4±0.1
K2 Cavity Depth 3.2±0.1
t Carrier Tape Thickness 0.35±0.05
C Cover Tape Width 25.5
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 38 August 15, 2005
PD 1
P 1P 0
D
E
F
t
K 2
B 0
A 0
W
K 1
C
HT36A1
Rev. 1.00 39 August 15, 2005
Copyright Ó2005 by HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC.
The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek as-
sumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used
solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable
without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life
due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices
or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,
please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.
Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)
No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Tel: 886-3-563-1999
Fax: 886-3-563-1189
http://www.holtek.com.tw
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Tel: 886-2-2655-7070
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Tel: 010-6641-0030, 6641-7751, 6641-7752
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