AL211 - Broadcom - Product.Network

Reference Only / Allayer Confidential

AL211

Preliminary 1.2

Fast Ethernet Fiber to TP Media Conv erter

Product Description

The AL211 is designed for media con v erter applications. It is intended for 100 Mbit/s Fast Ethernet

fiber optic to twisted pair media converter designs. The device also provides a PECL interface for

use with media connectors such as 1300nm fiber optic modules. The AL211 is compatible with

IEEE 802.3 100Base-FX and 100Base-TX standards.

The integrated media converter provides additional functionality such as fault propagation and

redundant link support that conventional implementations using discrete components typically can

not support. The AL211 also provides a secondary channel for inband management information

exchange.

The AL211 includes: elastic store, scrambler, and descrambler functions to complete the media

converter design.

Figure 1-1 System Block Diagram

• Single chip 100 Mbit/s fiber optic to

twisted pair media converter

• Low latency

• Integrated elastic store for retiming

• Supports a secondary channel for manage-

ment

• Full duplex capable

• Link fault propagation

• PECL interface

• Supports Auto-negotiation to full

duplex

• Remote fault detection capable

• Provides support for redundant link

• 80mA drive capability

• Fabricated in CMO S and 48-pin PQFP

package

FIFO

100 Base

Receiver Clock

Recovery Elastic

Store

Descrambler

100 Base

Receiver Scrambler Elastic

Store Clock

Recovery

FIFO

Secondary Channel Data Out

Fiber

Receive

Module

Secondary Channel Data In

PECL

Driver

PECL

Receiver

Fiber

Transmit

Module

  Reference Only / Allayer Confidential
Table of Contents
Pin Descriptions.......................................................................................................4
Functional Description.............................................................................................8
1 100Base-TX to 100Base-FX Conversion.........................................................9
2 100Base-FX to 100Base-TX Conversion.........................................................9
3 Secondary Channel ..........................................................................................9
4 Full Duplex Application ................................................................................10
5 PECL Interface...............................................................................................10
6 Elastic Store...................................................................................................1 0
7 Scrambler.......................................................................................................11
8 Fault Propagation...........................................................................................11
9 Redundant Link ..............................................................................................11
9.1 Receive Link Fault .................................................................................12
9.2 Transmit Link Fault................................................................................13
9.3 Redundant Link with Switches or Repeater...........................................13
10 LED Indicators...............................................................................................14
Electrical Specifications ........................................................................................16
AL211 Mechanical Data........................................................................................18

AL211 Preliminary 1.2

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Figure 1-2 AL211 Pin Out

424344

454647

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

AL211

TPI+

TPI-

TPO+

TPO-

Reset#

LED_Rcv_TP

LED_link_TP

LED_Rcv_F

LED_link_F

Redun#

SCRen

ES_TPoff

ES_Foff

DNBIT

TP_PECL

Xin

Xout

Rbias

RLED

Data_off

ENFLP

FI+

FI-

GNDR_F

Reserved

FO+

FO-

FVout

VccT_F

VccR_F

Test1

GNDT_F

Pause

Vcc

GND

MSGCLK

UPBIT

Test3

VccT_TP

GNDR_TP

VccR_TP

Test2

GNDT_TP

VccA

GNDA

Vcc_PLL

Xin

GND_PLL

AL211 Preliminary 1.2

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1. Pin Descriptions

Table 1: AL211 Pin Description

NUMBER PIN

NAME I/O DESCRIPTION

1 GNDR_TP P TP Receive Ground.

3TPI+

TPI- I 100Base-TX Receiver Input Data. During normal operation,

the pins receive MLT3 signals and are connected to a

transformer . When the TPPECL pin is pulled high, these pins

become a PECL level interface. It can then be used for

interfacing to an external equalizer chip for added distance.

4 VccR_TP P TP Receive Power Supply.

5 Test2 I Test Pin. Tied low f or normal operation. Tied high to f orc e TP

output enable.

6 GNDT_TP P TP Transmit Ground.

8TPO+

TPO- O 100Base-TX Transmit Data. During normal operation, the

pins transmit MLT3 signals and are connected to a

transformer . When the TPPECL pin is pulled high, these pins

will transmit PECL NRZI signals for interface to an external

equal i zer ch ip.

9 VccT_TP P TP Transmit Power Supply.

10 Test3 I Test Pin. Tied low for normal operation. Tied high to f orce Fx

output “idle” when TP link is down.

11 UPBI T I Secondary Channel Data Inp ut. Internal pul l up.

12 MSGCLK I Secondary Channel Clock. Internal pull up.

13 Reset# I Reset Pin. Active low. Internal pull up.

14 LED_Rcv

_TP O TP Receiving Activity Output Status Pin. It will be active low

when the device is receiving frames on the TP side. It is an

open drain driver capable of driving a 10mA LED.

15 Vcc P Digital Circuit Po wer Supply. (+5V)

16 LED_link

_TP O TP Link Detect Output Status Pin. It will be low when TP link

is detected. It is capable of driving a 10mA LED.

17 GND P Digital Circuit Ground.

18 LED_Rcv_F O Fiber Receiving Activi ty Output Status Pin. It will be active

low when the device is receiving frames on FB site. It is an

output driver capable of driving a 10mA LED.

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19 LED_link_F O Indicates Fiber Link Status. A steady ON LED indicates a

good fiber link. A blinking LED indicates a remote fault

detected. A OFF LED indicates no fiber link detected. It is an

open drain driver capable of driving a 10mA LED.

20 Redun# O Redundant Link Output Pin. The pin will be asserted (LOW)

if the device is in either the link-fail state or if it senses a

remote fault condition.

21 SCRen I Scrambler Enable for TP Port Output. Active high, internal

pull up.

22 ES_TPoff I Elastic Store of TP to Fiber Path Disable. Active high,

internal pull down.

23 E S_Foff I Elastic Store of Fiber to TP Path Disable. Active high,

internal pull down.

24 DNBIT O Secondar y Chan nel Data Out.

25 P ause I P ause Capability Advertisement Enable . Active high, internal

pull up.

26 VccT_F P Power Supply. (+5V)

27 Reserved O Leave unconnected.

29 FO-

FO+ O PECL output pins f or driving the fiber optic module.

30 GNDT_F P Fiber Transmit Ground.

31 Reserved I Tied high or leave floating.

32 Test1 I Test Pin. Tied low for normal operation.

33 GNDR_F P Fiber Receive Ground.

35 FI-

FI+ I PECL input pins for driving the fiber optic module.

36 VccR_F P Fiber Receiver Power Supply. (+5V)

37 ENFLP I Enables Full Dupl ex Auto-negoti ati on FLP. Active high,

internal pull up.

38 Data_off I Assertion of this pin turns off the TP port output. Deassertion

will enable the AL211 to pass data to the TP port. Inter na l

pull down.

Table 1: AL211 Pin Description (Continued)

NUMBER PIN

NAME I/O DESCRIPTION

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39 RLED I Transmit Output LED Drive Control. Tied to ground through a

12.8K 1% resistor. When this pin is tied high, it will disable

the current mode output driver and enable the voltage mode

driver.

40 Rbias I Bias Control of the AL211. Tied to ground through a 12.8K

1% resistor.

41 GND_PLL P Phase Locked Loop Ground.

42 Xout O 25 MHz Crystal Connection. This pin also sources the clock

output.

43 Xin I 25 MHz Crystal Connection. If a clock is used instead of a

crystal, this is the input pin of the clock.

44 Vcc_PLL P Phase Locked Loop Power Supply.

45 PD I Power Down. Active high, internal pull down.

46 GNDA P Analog Ground.

47 VccA P Analog Power.

48 TP_PECL I TP Port PECL Interface Enable. When set to high, the TPI+,

TPI-, and TPO+, TPO- pins become PECL leve l interface. It

also disables the MLT3 encoder/decoder. When the PECL

level interface is used, the signals expected by the chip are

NRZI instead of MLT3. Internal pull down.

Table 1: AL211 Pin Description (Continued)

NUMBER PIN

NAME I/O DESCRIPTION

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Figure 1-3 AL211 Typical Application Circuit

12.8K

20 pF

MHz

5 V

4041

4546

TPI+

TPI-

TPO+

TPO-

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

5 V

5 V V+

4.7 uF

.1 uF .1 uF

4.7 uH

5 V

Reset#

LED

Rcv

LED

link

LED

Rcv

LED

link

F Redun#

SCRen

TPoff ES

Foff DNBIT

TP_PECL PD Xin Xout Rbias RLED DATA

off

ENFLP

FI+

FI-

GNDR_F

Reserved

FO+

FO-

VccT_F V+

100

5 V

AL211

20 pF

Reserved

5 V

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2. Functional Description

The AL211 contains a physical la yer interface (PHY) device for IEEE 802.3 100Bas e-TX and a

PHY for 100Base-FX networks. The PHY contains all the necessary functions such as elastic store

and driver circuits to complete a media con v e rter design. The device converts the MLT3 scrambled

symbols from the twisted pair (TP) input port into 4B5B NRZI encoded data and transmits it over

the fiber media. The 4B5B NRZI encoded data from the fiber -input port is con ver ted to a scrambled

MLT3 symbol stream for TP transmission.

The AL211 does not encode or decode the 4B5B symbols, therefore all errors and signaling are

preserved and propagated. In addition, the benefit of a “straight-through” conversion is that the

latency can be as low as 8-bit time (BT). The device also supports Far-End Fault Detection (fiber

only) and Link Status Propagation. If an y po rt is in a link-fail state, the de vice will cease to transmit

data and disables the appropriate output port. In essence, the device is transparent in regard to the

connecting links.

The AL211 provides a PECL interface for interfacing either to an equalizer chip or a fiber module .

An elastic store is provided by the media converter to retime the received signal. The elastic store

can be disabled to reduce latency of the converter.

The AL211 suppo rts redundant link applications. A redundant link c an be formed by either a switch

with 100Base-FX transceiv er that supports fa r -end f ault signaling or two AL21 1’s. In the event of a

link-failure, the redundant link will be established automatically.

Figure 1-4 AL211 Applications

AL211 PECLPECL

FO Module

1x9 F O Module

1x9

FX to SX or FX single mode to FX multimode conversion

AL211 PECL

MLT3

FO Module

1x9

100BASE-TX to 100BASE-FX (1300 nm) media conversion

Xfmr

RJ45

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2.1 100Base-TX to 100Base-FX Conversion

The AL211’s 100Base-TX recei v er i s designed for data reception of up to a maximum of 10 met ers

of Category 5 Cable. For applications that require the full IEEE 802.3 distance (100 meters), the

AL211 provides PECL inte rface to interface to an external equalizer chip. However, media

converter applications are typically within the wiring closet. A distance of 10 meters is adequate to

support these applications.

After the scrambled MLT3 signal from the twisted pair port is received by the AL211, the device

descrambles the signal and converts it into a NRZ signal stream. The signal is then passed through

an elastic store for r etiming. The result ing signal i s then converted into a serial NRZI bit s tream and

sent to the LED driver. The elastic store can be disabled to reduce the latency of the converter.

During idle, the AL211 will transmit an IDLE signal. If the twisted pair port is in a link-do wn state,

the AL211 will cease to transmit any signal and link fault is thus propagated.

2.2 100Base-FX to 100Base-TX Conversion

The AL211 100Base-FX receiver is comprised of a scrambler and a quantizer. After receiving the

serial bit stream from the PIN amplifier, the device passes the signal through an elastic store for

retiming and converts the NRZI coded data into a scrambled MLT3 signal and sends it to the

100Base-TX transmitter.

During idle, the AL211 will transmit the scrambled IDLE signal. If the fiber receiver does not

recei v e an y idle signal, the fiber port will go into a link-do wn st ate and the AL211 will perform two

task s:

1. Cease to transmit any signal to the TP port and put the transmit TP port in high

impedance; and

2. Simultaneously start transmitting far-end fault signals.

In the e v ent of remote fault (the recei ver recei ve s the far- end fault signal), the recei ve r will go into a

link-down state. The RF LED provides the remote fault signal status indication. The far-end fault

signal is indicated by the far-end fault IDLE signal (84 “ones” follow by a “zero”).

When the fiber port is in a link-down state (either remote fault or receive link-fail), the device will

put the TP output port into high impedance and assert Redun# signal.

2.3 Secondary Channel

The AL211 provides a secondary serial communication channel. This serial port is intended as a

point to point communication link piggybacked to the 100 Mbit/s data stream over the fiber. The

data is input and retrieved from the AL211’s media conversion device serial port.

The secondary channel data is transmitted during the IPG of the normal transmission stream.

During idle (or IPG), the AL211 will insert a 10-bit code word and an 8-bit data into the transmit

data stream. When a regular data transmission is in progress, the secondary channel will remain

idle. The data written into the AL211 will be stored in the on-chip FIFO.

If additional data is written into the AL211 before the stored data has been sent, it will write over

the previous data. Figure 1-5 illustrates the secondary channel data format.

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Figure 1-5 Secondary Channel Data Format

The clock rate can be as high as 25 MHz, however the data rate is limited by the IPG between

frame. The worst case data rate is 8 Kbit/s which is based on the calculation of 1518 bytes of data

interleaved with 8-bit of secondary channel data.

2.4 Full Duplex Application

The ideal function of a media converter chip is to provide a full duplex transparent media link.

Ho wev er , beca use the 100Base-FX does not support auto-negotiat ion, the AL211 can not propagate

duplex information to the twisted pair media. Although the AL211 does not su pport full auto-

negotiation, it provides an option to f or ce the link partner into full duplex mode with auto-

negotiated link pulses. When Pin 37, (ENFLP) is pulled high, the AL211 will transmit auto-

negotiation FLP with 100 Mbit/s full duplex capability field forcing the linked unmanaged switch

into full duplex.

2.5 PECL Interface

The AL211 provides an PECL interface to the TP interface and fiber connect interface. The

intention of the interfaces are to allow design engineers to be able to choose other media

interconnects such as a 1300nm fiber module or external twisted pair equalizer.

The AL211 has the signal detect function built in and does not require an y inte rface to the signal

detect input.

2.6 Elastic Store

The AL211 provides an on-chip elastic store. With the elastic store in place, the device retimes the

recei v ed signal and remov es j itter. The elastic store can be turned of f to reduce l atency of the de vice

by using the appropriate pins.

Fo r typica l applications such as media conversio n to a 100Base-FX hub, where the twisted pair

length is less than 10 meters and fiber le ngth is less than 400 meters (reference to IEEE 802.3

clause 29 for fiber length and system configuration), retiming is not needed.

For full duplex application of fiber length over 2km, the elastic store should be used to remove the

jitter from the signal.

Start Bit 8 Bit Data

MSGCLK

Up Bit

Down Bit

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2.7 Scrambler

The AL211 can also be used as a full duplex media extender or 850nm to 1300nm media converter

by turning the scrambler off. To turn the scrambler off, the pin SCRen should be connected to

ground.

2.8 Fault Propagation

The AL211 will propagate the idle signals from media to media. After reception of the idle signal

(all “1s”), th e device wi ll then transmit an idle signal to the opposit e ports, i.e. TP to fiber or f iber to

TP. There are two types of link-failure; receive or remote fault (also known as far-end fault).

1. TP receive link-failure. In the event of a TP receive link-failure, the AL211 will

cease to transmit an idle signal to the fiber optic driv er. A valid TP link signal can

be either a 10Base-T link pulse or a 100B ase- TX idle signal.

2. Fiber receive link-failure. In the event of a fiber receive link-failure, the AL211

will cease to transmit an idle signal to the TP driver and put the driver into high

impedance. The device will also send a remote fault signal to the fiber optic driv er

in addition to asserting the Redun# signal.

3. TP transmit link-failure. In the event of a TP transmit link-failure, the TP far-end

transceiver will cease to transmit an idle signal and start transmitting FLP to the

AL211. Since the AL211 does not understand FLP, it will continue to transmit an

idle signal to the fiber optic driver.

4. Fiber transmit link-failure. In the event of a fiber transmit link-failure, the far-end

transceiver (with remote fault signaling capability) will transmit an RF signal to

the AL211. As a result, the AL211 will perform two tasks: cease to transmit an

idle signal to the TP driver and put the driver into high impedance asserting the

Redun# signal.

2.9 Redundant Link

The AL211 supports redundant link through the use of DATAoff and Redun# signals. The

redundant link function is only available for the FO port. An implementation of a redundant link is

sho wn in Figure 1-6. A redundant link can also be configured with two fiber switch ports (far-end

fault signaling support required) and two AL211’s.

There are two likely scenarios; either the transmit link fault or the receive link fault could trigger

the redundant link.

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Figure 1-6 Redundant Link

2.9.1 Receive Link Fault

In the event of a receive link-failure, the receiver will go into a link-down mode. The AL211 will

take the following actions:

1. Start transmitting remote fault signal; and

2. Put the TPO+ and TPO- pins in high impedance; and

3. Assert Redun# signal.

The far -end primary transceive r is normally in a link-up state and a back-up transceiver in a link-fail

state. During receive link-failure, the local AL211 will enable data transmission of the backup

transcei v e r by ass erting the Redun# signal. The backup AL211 will then s tart sending copies of the

transmit signal.

The primary far-end receiver that receives the RF signal will enter the link-fail state. The back-up

tran sc eiver will e x i t t h e l in k-fail st at e upon receiving a sign al from the lo ca l AL211 re-est ab lishing

the link. When the primary link is repaired, Redun# will be de-asserted and the secondary link will

be turned off r e-establishing the primary link. During normal operation, the backup channel will be

transmitting idle signals but not data. Therefore, the link integrity status of the back-up channel is

available through the LED indicator.

Transformer

Local Primary

AL211

FOoff

Redun#

FOoff

Local Back Up

AL211

Primary

Back Up

Transformer

Far End Primary

AL211

FOoff

Redun#

FOoff

Far End Back Up

AL211

Twisted Pair Twisted Pair

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2.9.2 Transmit Link Fault

The 100Base-FX specification provides a way to detect t ra nsmit link-failure. Whenever a fiber

receiver experiences receive link-failure, it will transmit a far-end fault signal. The far-end fault

signal is indicated by the far-end fault IDLE signal (84 “ones” follow by a “zero”).

When the AL211 recei ves the far- end fault signal, it is notifi ed by the far-end station that a transmit

fault has occurred. The device will go into a link-down state and will take the following actions:

1. Put the TPO+ and TPO- pins in high impedance; and

2. Assert Redun# signal.

The data tr ansmission will be assumed b y the backup AL211 and st art sen ding copies of the signal.

Upon re-establishment of the primary fiber, Redun# will be de-asserted and the backup data link

will be turned off.

2.9.3 Redundant Link with Switches or Repeater

Figure 1-7 shows a redundant link implemented by a pair of AL211’s and a fiber switch/repeater.

The key to this configuration is that the transceivers of the fiber switch must support far-end fault

signaling (although the IEEE far-end fault signaling is an option).

The operation of this link configuration is very similar to the AL211 redundant link as described

above. Instead of the far-end transceivers being switched, the ports are now switched. Whenever,

the far-end transceiver receives the far-end fault signal or no IDLE signal, it will enter the link-fail

state. Thus, redundancy is accomplished.

There is no limit on the number of redundant links for the AL211. Also the Redun# and Data_off

signals can be cascaded as many times as it needs to offer two or more redundant links.

One minor disadvantage of this scenario with a switch, is that the link will not be functional

(spanning tree will cut off the port) until the addresses stored in the switch are aged out. However,

many of the switches today automatically delete the old address when there is a change of address.

With that feature, the link will be immediately established.

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Figure 1-7 Redundant Link Application with Switch

2.10 LED Indicators

The AL211 provides four LED dri v ers which consist of acti vity and l ink indicators for both TP and

fiber. If the AL211 experiences a remote link fault, the link LED (fiber only) will flash in 0.5

second intervals.

Transformer

Local Primary

AL211

FOoff

Redun#

FOoff

Local Back Up

AL211

100BaseFX Switch

Primary

Back Up

Twisted Pair

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Figure 1-8 Fiber to TP Latency

Figure 1-9 TP to Fiber Latency

Table 2: Fiber to TP Latency Parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION MIN TYP MAX UNITS

td Fiber to TP latency without elastic store. - 90 - ns

td Fiber to TP latency with elastic store. - 120 - ns

Table 3: TP to Fiber Latency Parameters

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION MIN TYP. MAX. UNITS

td TP to Fiber latency without elastic store. - 90 95 ns

td TP to Fiber latency with elastic store. - 120 - ns

Fiber

AL211 Preliminary 1.2

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3. Electrical Specifications

Note: Operation at absolute maximum ratings outside those listed could cause

permanent damage to the device.

Note: Under Recommended Operating Conditions, Vcc=5.0V ±± 10%, , ta = 25 °°C.

Table 4: Maximum Ratings

DC Supply Voltage (Vcc) -0.5V ~ +6V

DC Input Voltage -0.3 ~ Vcc + 0.3V

DC Output Voltage -0.3 ~ Vcc + 0.3V

Storage Temperatu re -55 oC to +150 oC

Table 5: Recommended Operation Conditions

Supply Voltage 5.0 V ±± 10%

Operating Temperature 0 - 70 oC

Power Dissipation 0.9W (Tx to 850nm LED)

0.65W (Tx to PECL)

0.6W (PECL to PECL)

AL211 Preliminary 1.2

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Note: A * in the parameter column indicates digital control signals only.

Table 6: DC Electrical Characteristics

PARAMETER DESCRIPTION MIN TYP MAX UNIT

Vcc Suppl y voltage. 4.5 5.0 5.5 V

Voh Output voltage-high, Ioh=24mA. 2.4 - - V

Vol Output voltage-low, Ioh=24mA. - - 0.4 V

Ioz High impedance state output

current. -1 - 1 uA

Iih (1)* Input current-hi gh. - - - uA

Iil (1)* Input current-low. - - - uA

Iih (2)* Input current-high with internal

pull down. --50uA

Iil (2)* Input current-low with internal pull

down. -35 - - uA

Vih Input high voltage. 0.7*Vcc - - uA

Vil Input low voltage. - - 0.3*Vcc -

Icc Su pply curre n t. - - - mA

Vrx Receiver input voltage. 5 - 1600 mV

Tr Transmitter rise time. - - 1.3 ns

Tf Transmitter fall time. - - 1.3 ns

AL211 Preliminary 1.2

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4. AL211 Mechanical Data

Figure 1-10 AL211 Mechanical Dimensions

0.22 ± 0.05

0.50

9.0 ± 0.3

7.00 Max.

0.6 ± 0.15

1.40 +/- 0.05 1.60 max

7.00 Max.

AL211 Preliminary 1.2

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Rev. History

Preliminary 1.1 to 1.2

1. Corrected system block diagram.

2. Corrected pin out illustration.

3. Updated pin descriptions (numbers 26-36).

4. Updated typical application circuit.

  Reference Only / Allayer Confidential
Index
Numerics
100Base- FX t o 100Ba se-TX Conversion 9
100Base-TX to 100Base-FX Conversion 9
A
AL211 Applications 8
AL211 Mechanical Data 18
AL211 Pin Description 4
AL211  Pin Out 3
AL211 Typical Application Circuit 7
D
DC Electrical Characteristics 17
E
Elastic Sto re 10
Electrical Specifications 16
F
Fault Prop a gatio n 11
Fiber to TP Latency 15
Fiber to TP Latency Parameters 15
Full Dup le x Application 10
Functional Description 8
L
LED Indicators 14
M
Maximum Ratings 16
P
PECL I nterface 10
Pin Descrip tio ns 4
Product Description 1
R
Receive Link Fault 12
Recommended Operation Conditions 16
Redundant Link 11
Redundan t Link Application with Switch 14
Redun dant Link w ith Switches or Rep eater 13
S
Scrambler 11
Secondary Channel 9
Secondary Channel Data Format 10
System  Block Diagram 1
T
TP to Fiber Latency 15
TP to Fiber Latency Parameters 15
Transmit Link Fault 13