Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Features n The QW Series Power Modules use advanced, surface-mount technology and deliver high-quality, efficient, and compact dc-dc conversion. Applications n High power density n High efficiency: 85% typical n Low output noise n Constant frequency n Industry-standard pinout n Metal baseplate n 2:1 input voltage range n Overtemperature protection n Remote sense n Negative remote on/off n Adjustable output voltage n Overvoltage and overcurrent protection n n Distributed power architectures n Computer equipment n Communications equipment n n Options n Heat sinks available for extended operation n Auto-restart after overcurrent shutdown n Case ground pin Small size: 36.8 mm x 57.9 mm x 12.7 mm (1.45 in. x 2.28 in. x 0.50 in.) Manufacturing facilities registered against the ISO*9000 series standards UL1950 Recognized, CSA C22.2 No. 950-95 Certified, and VDE 0805 (EN60950, IEC950) Licensed CE mark meets 73/23/EEC and 93/68/EEC directives** * ISO is a registered trademark of the International Organization for Standardization. UL is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. CSA is a registered trademark of Canadian Standards Association. VDE is a trademark of Verband Deutscher Elektrotechniker e.V. ** This product is intended for integration into end-use equipment. All the required procedures for CE marking of end-use equipment should be followed. (The CE mark is placed on selected products.) Description The QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules are dc-dc converters that operate over an input voltage range of 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc and provide a precisely regulated dc output. The outputs are fully isolated from the inputs, allowing versatile polarity configurations and grounding connections. The modules have maximum power ratings from 50 W to 75 W at a typical full-load efficiency of 85%. The sealed modules offer a metal baseplate for excellent thermal performance. Threaded-through holes are provided to allow easy mounting or addition of a heat sink for high-temperature applications. The standard feature set includes remote sensing, output trim, and remote on/off for convenient flexibility in distributed power applications. QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operations sections of the data sheet. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. Parameter Symbol Min Max Unit VI VI, trans -- -- 75 100 Vdc V Operating Case Temperature (See Thermal Considerations section.) TC -40 100 C Storage Temperature Tstg -55 125 C I/O Isolation Voltage (for 1 minute) -- -- 1500 Vdc Input Voltage: Continuous Transient (100 ms) Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. Table 1. Input Specifications Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit VI 36 48 75 Vdc II, max II, max -- -- -- -- 2.9 4.0 A A II, max II, max -- -- -- -- 2.2 3.1 A A Inrush Transient i 2t -- -- 1.5 A2s Input Reflected-ripple Current, Peak-to-peak (5 Hz to 20 MHz, 12 H source impedance; see Figure 12.) II -- 10 -- mAp-p Input Ripple Rejection (120 Hz) -- -- 60 -- dB Operating Input Voltage Maximum Input Current: VI = 0 V to 75 V; IO = IO, max; see Figures 1--2: QW050B1 QW075B1 VI = 36 V to 75 V; IO = IO, max: QW050B1 QW075B1 Fusing Considerations CAUTION: This power module is not internally fused. An input line fuse must always be used. This encapsulated power module can be used in a wide variety of applications, ranging from simple stand-alone operation to an integrated part of a sophisticated power architecture. To preserve maximum flexibility, internal fusing is not included; however, to achieve maximum safety and system protection, always use an input line fuse. The safety agencies require a normal-blow fuse with a maximum rating of 10 A (see Safety Considerations section). Based on the information provided in this data sheet on inrush energy and maximum dc input current, the same type of fuse with a lower rating can be used. Refer to the fuse manufacturer's data for further information. 2 Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Electrical Specifications (continued) Table 2. Output Specifications Device Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Output Voltage Set Point (VI = 48 V; IO = IO, max; TC = 25 C) Parameter All VO, set 11.78 12.0 12.22 Vdc Output Voltage (Over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions until end of life. See Figure 14.) All VO 11.64 -- 12.36 Vdc Output Regulation: Line (VI = 36 V to 75 V) Load (IO = IO, min to IO, max) Temperature (TC = -40 C to +100 C) All All All -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.01 0.05 50 0.2 0.4 150 %VO %VO mV Output Ripple and Noise Voltage (See Figure 13.): RMS Peak-to-peak (5 Hz to 20 MHz) All All -- -- -- -- -- -- 75 225 mVrms mVp-p External Load Capacitance All -- 0 -- 470* F Output Current (At IO < IO, min, the modules may exceed output ripple specifications.) QW050B1 QW075B1 IO IO 0.5 0.5 -- -- 4.2 6.3 A A Output Current-limit Inception (VO = 90% of VO, nom) QW050B1 QW075B1 IO, cli IO, cli -- -- 7.5 9.5 9.5 13.5 A A Efficiency (VI = 48 V; IO = IO, max; TC = 70 C; see Figure 14.) QW050B1 QW075B1 -- -- 84 85 -- -- % % All -- -- 380 -- kHz All All -- -- -- -- 2 300 -- -- %VO, set s All All -- -- -- -- 2 300 -- -- %VO, set s Switching Frequency Dynamic Response (IO/t = 1 A/10 s, VI = 48 V, TC = 25 C; tested with a 330 F aluminum and a 1.0 F ceramic capacitor across the load.): Load Change from IO = 50% to 75% of IO, max: Peak Deviation Settling Time (VO < 10% of peak deviation) Load Change from IO = 50% to 25% of IO, max: Peak Deviation Settling Time (VO < 10% of peak deviation) * Consult your sales representative or the factory. These are manufacturing test limits. In some situations, results may differ. Table 3. Isolation Specifications Parameter Min Typ Isolation Capacitance -- 2500 -- pF Isolation Resistance 10 -- -- M Lineage Power Max Unit 3 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 General Specifications Parameter Min Calculated MTBF (IO = 80% of IO, max; TC = 40 C) Weight Typ Max Unit 3,000,000 -- hours -- 75 (2.7) g (oz.) Feature Specifications Unless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage, resistive load, and temperature conditions. See the Feature Descriptions section for additional information. Parameter Remote On/Off Signal Interface (VI = 0 V to 75 V; open collector or equivalent compatible; signal referenced to VI(-) terminal): Logic Low--Module On Logic High--Module Off Logic Low: At Ion/off = 1.0 mA At Von/off = 0.0 V Logic High: At Ion/off = 0.0 A Leakage Current Turn-on Time (See Figure 11.) (IO = 80% of IO, max; VO within 1% of steady state) Output Voltage Adjustment: Output Voltage Remote-sense Range Output Voltage Set-point Adjustment Range (trim) Output Overvoltage Protection Overtemperature Protection Symbol Min Typ Max Unit Von/off Ion/off 0 -- -- -- 0.7 1.0 V mA Von/off Ion/off -- -- -- -- -- -- 20 15 50 35 V A ms -- -- -- 60 -- -- 0.5 110 V %VO, nom VO, sd 13.7* -- 15.7* V TC -- 105 -- C * These are manufacturing test limits. In some situations, results may differ. Solder, Cleaning, and Drying Considerations Post solder cleaning is usually the final circuit-board assembly process prior to electrical testing. The result of inadequate circuit-board cleaning and drying can affect both the reliability of a power module and the testability of the finished circuit-board assembly. For guidance on appropriate soldering, cleaning, and drying procedures, refer to the Board-Mounted Power Modules Soldering and Cleaning Application Note (AP97-021EPS). 4 Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Characteristic Curves The following figures provide typical characteristics for the power modules. 90 85 2.0 EFFICIENCY, (%) INPUT CURRENT, II (A) 2.5 IO = 4.17 A 1.5 1.0 IO = 2.00 A 0.5 IO = 0.50 A 80 75 70 VI = 36 V VI = 48 V VI = 75 V 65 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 60 0.5 INPUT VOLTAGE, VI (V) 1.1 1-0092 Figure 1. Typical QW050B1 Input Characteristics at Room Temperature 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.5 4.1 OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) 8-3438 (F) Figure 3. Typical QW050B1 Efficiency vs. Output Current at Room Temperature 3.0 90 IO = 6.25 A IO = 3.50 A IO = 0.60 A 2.5 EFFICIENCY, (%) INPUT CURRENT, II (A) 3.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 VI = 36 V 85 80 VI = 48 V VI = 75 V 75 70 65 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 INPUT VOLTAGE, VI (V) 8-3437 (F) 60 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.6 5.6 OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) 1-0093 Figure 2. Typical QW075B1 Input Characteristics at Room Temperature Lineage Power Figure 4. Typical QW075B1 Efficiency vs. Output Current at Room Temperature 5 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (200 mV/div) Characteristic Curves (continued) OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) (1 A/div) VI = 36 V OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (100 mV/div) Data Sheet April 2008 VI = 48 V VI = 75 V 2.1 A 1.1 A 0 TIME, t (100 s/div) 8-3442 (F) Note: Tested with a 330 F aluminum and a 1.0 F ceramic capacitor across the load. TIME, t (1 s/div) Figure 5. Typical QW050B1 Output Ripple Voltage at Room Temperature and IO = IO, max OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (100 mV/div) VI = 36 V VI = 48 V VI = 75 V TIME, t (1 s/div) 1-0015 Note: See Figure 12 for test conditions. Figure 7. Typical QW050B1 Transient Response to Step Decrease in Load from 50% to 25% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 48 Vdc Input (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (2 A/div) (200 mV/div) 1-0095 Note: See Figure 12 for test conditions. 3.125 A 1.6 A 0 TIME, t (100 s/div) 1-0094 Figure 6. Typical QW075B1 Output Ripple Voltage at Room Temperature and IO = IO, max Note: Tested with a 330 F aluminum and a 1.0 F ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 8. Typical QW075B1 Transient Response to Step Decrease in Load from 50% to 25% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 48 Vdc Input (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) 6 Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (5 V/div) OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) (1 A/div) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (200 mV/div) REMOTE ON/OFF, VON/OFF (V) Characteristic Curves (continued) 3.1 A 2.1 A 0 TIME, t (2 ms/div) TIME, t (100 s/div) 1-0040 8-3444 (F) Note: Tested with a 330 F aluminum and a 1.0 F ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 11. QW075B1 Typical Start-Up from Remote On/Off; IO = Full Load OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) (2 A/div) OUTPUT VOLTAGE, VO (V) (200 mV/div) Figure 9. Typical QW050B1 Transient Response to Step Increase in Load from 50% to 75% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 48 Vdc Input (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) 4.68 A 3.125 A 0 TIME, t (100 s/div) 8-3445 (F) Note: Tested with a 330 F aluminum and a 1.0 F ceramic capacitor across the load. Figure 10. Typical QW075B1 Transient Response to Step Increase in Load from 50% to 75% of Full Load at Room Temperature and 48 Vdc Input (Waveform Averaged to Eliminate Ripple Component.) Lineage Power 7 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Test Configurations Design Considerations Input Source Impedance TO OSCILLOSCOPE CURRENT PROBE LTEST VI(+) 12 H CS 220 F ESR < 0.1 @ 20 C, 100 kHz BATTERY Data Sheet April 2008 33 F ESR < 0.7 @ 100 kHz VI(-) The power module should be connected to a low ac-impedance input source. Highly inductive source impedances can affect the stability of the power module. For the test configuration in Figure 12, a 33 F electrolytic capacitor (ESR < 0.7 at 100 kHz) mounted close to the power module helps ensure stability of the unit. For other highly inductive source impedances, consult the factory for further application guidelines. 8-203 (F).l Note: Measure input reflected-ripple current with a simulated source inductance (LTEST) of 12 H. Capacitor CS offsets possible battery impedance. Measure current as shown above. Figure 12. Input Reflected-Ripple Test Setup COPPER STRIP VO(+) 1.0 F 10 F SCOPE RESISTIVE LOAD VO(-) Safety Considerations For safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, the power module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separation requirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., UL1950, CSA C22.2 No. 950-95, and VDE 0805 (EN60950, IEC950). If the input source is non-SELV (ELV or a hazardous voltage greater than 60 Vdc and less than or equal to 75 Vdc), for the module's output to be considered meeting the requirements of safety extra-low voltage (SELV), all of the following must be true: 8-513 (F).d Note: Use a 1.0 F ceramic capacitor and a 10 F aluminum or tantalum capacitor. Scope measurement should be made using a BNC socket. Position the load between 51 mm and 76 mm (2 in. and 3 in.) from the module. n n Figure 13. Peak-to-Peak Output Noise Measurement Test Setup n n SENSE(+) VI(+) CONTACT AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES VO(+) II IO LOAD SUPPLY VI(-) The input source is to be provided with reinforced insulation from any hazardous voltages, including the ac mains. One VI pin and one VO pin is to be grounded, or both the input and output pins are to be kept floating. The input pins of the module are not operator accessible. Another SELV reliability test is conducted on the whole system, as required by the safety agencies, on the combination of supply source and the subject module to verify that under a single fault, hazardous voltages do not appear at the module's output. Note: Do not ground either of the input pins of the module without grounding one of the output pins. This may allows a non-SELV voltage to appear between the output pin and ground. VO(-) CONTACT RESISTANCE SENSE(-) 8-749 (F) Note: All measurements are taken at the module terminals. When socketing, place Kelvin connections at module terminals to avoid measurement errors due to socket contact resistance. [ V O (+) - V O (-) ]I O = ------------------------------------------------ x 100 [ V I (+) - V I (-) ]I I % Figure 14. Output Voltage and Efficiency Measurement Test Setup 8 The power module has extra-low voltage (ELV) outputs when all inputs are ELV. The input to these units is to be provided with a maximum 10 A normal-blow fuse in the ungrounded lead. Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Feature Descriptions Remote Sense Overcurrent Protection Remote sense minimizes the effects of distribution losses by regulating the voltage at the remote-sense connections. The voltage between the remote-sense pins and the output terminals must not exceed the output voltage sense range given in the Feature Specifications table, i.e.: To provide protection in a fault (output overload) condition, the unit is equipped with internal current-limiting circuitry and can endure current limiting for up to one second. If overcurrent exists for more than one second, the unit will shut down. At the point of current-limit inception, the unit shifts from voltage control to current control. If the output voltage is pulled very low during a severe fault, the currentlimit circuit can exhibit either foldback or tailout characteristics (output current decrease or increase). The module is available in two overcurrent configurations. In one configuration, when the unit shuts down it will latch off. The overcurrent latch is reset by either cycling the input power or by toggling the ON/OFF pin for one second. In the other configuration, the unit will try to restart after shutdown. If the output overload condition still exists when the unit restarts, it will shut down again. This operation will continue indefinitely until the overcurrent condition is corrected. Remote On/Off Negative logic remote on/off turns the module off during a logic high and on during a logic low. To turn the power module on and off, the user must supply a switch to control the voltage between the on/off terminal and the VI(-) terminal (Von/off). The switch can be an open collector or equivalent (see Figure 15). A logic low is Von/off = 0 V to 0.7 V. The maximum Ion/off during a logic low is 1 mA. The switch should maintain a logiclow voltage while sinking 1 mA. [VO(+) - VO(-)] - [SENSE(+) - SENSE(-)] 0.5 V The voltage between the VO(+) and VO(-) terminals must not exceed the minimum output overvoltage protection value shown in the Feature Specifications table. This limit includes any increase in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage setpoint adjustment (trim). See Figure 16. If not using the remote-sense feature to regulate the output at the point of load, then connect SENSE(+) to VO(+) and SENSE(-) to VO(-) at the module. Although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. The maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. Consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. The amount of power delivered by the module is defined as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. When using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. During a logic high, the maximum Von/off generated by the power module is 15 V. The maximum allowable leakage current of the switch at Von/off = 15 V is 50 A. If not using the remote on/off feature, short the ON/OFF pin to VI(-). SENSE(+) SENSE(-) VI(+) SUPPLY IO VI(-) CONTACT RESISTANCE Ion/off + ON/OFF Von/off - VO(+) II LOAD VO(-) CONTACT AND DISTRIBUTION LOSSES 8-651 (F).m SENSE(+) Figure 16. Effective Circuit Configuration for Single-Module Remote-Sense Operation VO(+) LOAD VI(+) VI(-) VO(-) SENSE(-) 8-720 (F).c Figure 15. Remote On/Off Implementation Lineage Power 9 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 Feature Descriptions (continued) Output Voltage Set-Point Adjustment (Trim) Output voltage trim allows the user to increase or decrease the output voltage set point of a module. This is accomplished by connecting an external resistor between the TRIM pin and either the SENSE(+) or SENSE(-) pins. The trim resistor should be positioned close to the module. If not using the trim feature, leave the TRIM pin open. With an external resistor between the TRIM and SENSE(-) pins (Radj-down), the output voltage set point (VO, adj) decreases (see Figure 17). The following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. 510 R adj-down = ---------- - 10.2 % k With an external resistor connected between the TRIM and SENSE(+) pins (Radj-up), the output voltage set point (VO, adj) increases (see Figure 18). The following equation determines the required external-resistor value to obtain a percentage output voltage change of %. R adj-up 5.1V O ( 100 + % ) 510 = ---------------------------------------------- - ---------- - 10.2 k % 1.225% The voltage between the VO(+) and VO(-) terminals must not exceed the minimum output overvoltage protection value shown in the Feature Specifications table. This limit includes any increase in voltage due to remote-sense compensation and output voltage setpoint adjustment (trim). See Figure 16. Although the output voltage can be increased by both the remote sense and by the trim, the maximum increase for the output voltage is not the sum of both. The maximum increase is the larger of either the remote sense or the trim. Consult the factory if you need to increase the output voltage more than the above limitation. The amount of power delivered by the module is defined as the voltage at the output terminals multiplied by the output current. When using remote sense and trim, the output voltage of the module can be increased, which at the same output current would increase the power output of the module. Care should be taken to ensure that the maximum output power of the module remains at or below the maximum rated power. 10 VI(+) ON/OFF CASE VO(+) SENSE(+) TRIM RLOAD Radj-down VI(-) SENSE(-) VO(-) 8-748 (F).b Figure 17. Circuit Configuration to Decrease Output Voltage VI(+) ON/OFF VO(+) SENSE(+) Radj-up CASE VI(-) TRIM RLOAD SENSE(-) VO(-) 8-715 (F).b Figure 18. Circuit Configuration to Increase Output Voltage Output Overvoltage Protection The output overvoltage protection consists of circuitry that monitors the voltage on the output terminals. If the voltage on the output terminals exceeds the overvoltage protection threshold, then the module will shut down and latch off. The overvoltage latch is reset by either cycling the input power for one second or by toggling the on/off signal for one second. Overtemperature Protection These modules feature an overtemperature protection circuit to safeguard against thermal damage. The circuit shuts down and latches off the module when the maximum case temperature is exceeded. The module can be restarted by cycling the dc input power for at least one second or by toggling the primary or secondary referenced remote on/off signal for at least one second. Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Thermal Considerations Example Introduction What is the minimum airflow necessary for a QW050B1 operating at VI = 48 V, an output current of 3.5 A, and a maximum ambient temperature of 40 C? The power modules operate in a variety of thermal environments; however, sufficient cooling should be provided to help ensure reliable operation of the unit. Heat-dissipating components inside the unit are thermally coupled to the case. Heat is removed by conduction, convection, and radiation to the surrounding environment. Proper cooling can be verified by measuring the case temperature. Peak temperature (TC) occurs at the position indicated in Figure 19. Solution Given: VI = 48 V IO = 3.5 A TA = 40 C Determine PD (Use Figure 20.): PD = 8 W Determine airflow (v) (Use Figure 22.): 33 (1.30) VI (+) ON/OFF VI (-) VO (+) (+)SENSE TRIM (-)SENSE VO (-) 8-2104 (F) Note: Top view, pin locations are for reference only. Measurements shown in millimeters and (inches). Figure 19. Case Temperature Measurement Location POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 14 (0.55) v = 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.) 12 10 8 6 VI = 75 V VI = 48 V VI = 36 V 4 2 0 0.5 The temperature at this location should not exceed 100 C. The output power of the module should not exceed the rated power for the module as listed in the Ordering Information table. Although the maximum case temperature of the power modules is 100 C, you can limit this temperature to a lower value for extremely high reliability. 1.1 1.7 2.3 2.9 3.5 4.1 OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) 8-3447 (F) Figure 20. QW050B1 Power Dissipation vs. Output Current at 25 C Heat Transfer Without Heat Sinks Increasing airflow over the module enhances the heat transfer via convection. Figure 22 shows the maximum power that can be dissipated by the module without exceeding the maximum case temperature versus local ambient temperature (TA) for natural convection through 3 m/s (600 ft./min.). Note that the natural convection condition was measured at 0.05 m/s to 0.1 m/s (10 ft./min. to 20 ft./min.); however, systems in which these power modules may be used typically generate natural convection airflow rates of 0.3 m/s (60 ft./min.) due to other heatdissipating components in the system. The use of Figure 22 is shown in the following example. Lineage Power POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 18 16 14 12 10 8 VI = 75 V VI = 48 V VI = 36 V 6 4 2 0 0.6 1.6 2.6 3.6 4.6 5.6 6.6 OUTPUT CURRENT, IO (A) 8-3448 (F) Figure 21. QW075B1 Power Dissipation vs. Output Current at 25 C 11 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Heat Transfer Without Heat Sinks (continued) POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 20 4.0 m/s (800 ft./min.) 3.5 m/s (700 ft./min.) 3.0 m/s (600 ft./min.) 2.5 m/s (500 ft./min.) 2.0 m/s (400 ft./min.) 1.5 m/s (300 ft./min.) 1.0 m/s (200 ft./min.) 0.5 m/s (100 ft./min.) 0.1 m/s (20 ft./min.) NATURAL CONVECTION 15 10 CASE-TO-AMBIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE, ca (C/W) Thermal Considerations (continued) 11 10 NO HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1 IN. HEAT SINK 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAT 0.5 CONV (100) 5 Data Sheet April 2008 1.0 (200) 1.5 (300) 2.0 (400) 2.5 (500) 3.0 (600) AIR VELOCITY, m/s (ft./min.) 8-2107 (F) 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA (C) Figure 23. Case-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Curves; Transverse Orientation Figure 22. Forced Convection Power Derating with No Heat Sink; Either Orientation Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks The power modules have through-threaded, M3 x 0.5 mounting holes, which enable heat sinks or cold plates to attach to the module. The mounting torque must not exceed 0.56 N-m (5 in.-lb.). For a screw attachment from the pin side, the recommended hole size on the customer's PWB around the mounting holes is 0.130 0.005 inches. If a larger hole is used, the mounting torque from the pin side must not exceed 0.25 N-m (2.2 in.-lbs.). CASE-TO-AMBIENT THERMAL RESISTANCE, ca (C/W) 8-2306 (F).b 11 10 NO HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1 IN/ HEAT SINK 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 NAT 0.5 CONV (100) 1.0 (200) 1.5 (300) 2.0 (400) 2.5 (500) 3.0 (600) AIR VELOCITY, m/s (ft./min.) 8-2108 (F) Thermal derating with heat sinks is expressed by using the overall thermal resistance of the module. Total module thermal resistance (ca) is defined as the maximum case temperature rise (TC, max) divided by the module power dissipation (PD): Figure 24. Case-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance Curves; Longitudinal Orientation T C, max (TC - TA ) ca = --------------------= -----------------------PD PD The location to measure case temperature (TC) is shown in Figure 19. Case-to-ambient thermal resistance vs. airflow is shown, for various heat sink configurations and heights, in Figure 23 and Figure 24. Longitudinal orientation is defined as the long axis of the module that is parallel to the airflow direction, whereas in the transverse orientation, the long axis is perpendicular to the airflow. These curves were obtained by experimental testing of heat sinks, which are offered in the product catalog. 12 Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) Thermal Considerations (continued) POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks (continued) 20 18 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 16 14 12 10 8 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 6 4 2 0 0 6 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA (C) 4 2 0 0 10 8-2382 (F) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 27. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; 1.0 m/s (200 lfm); Transverse Orientation LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA (C) POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) Figure 25. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; Natural Convection; Transverse Orientation 20 18 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 16 14 12 10 POWER DISSIPATION, PD (W) 8-2380 (F) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 1 IN. HEAT SINK 1/2 IN. HEAT SINK 1/4 IN. HEAT SINK NO HEAT SINK 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 8 LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA (C) 6 8-2383 (F) 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 28. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; 1.0 m/s (200 lfm); Longitudinal Orientation LOCAL AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, TA (C) 8-2381 (F) Figure 26. Heat Sink Power Derating Curves; Natural Convection; Longitudinal Orientation Lineage Power 13 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 Thermal Considerations (continued) Custom Heat Sinks Heat Transfer with Heat Sinks (continued) A more detailed model can be used to determine the required thermal resistance of a heat sink to provide necessary cooling. The total module resistance can be separated into a resistance from case-to-sink (cs) and sink-to-ambient (sa) as shown in Figure 29. These measured resistances are from heat transfer from the sides and bottom of the module as well as the top side with the attached heat sink; therefore, the case-to-ambient thermal resistances shown are generally lower than the resistance of the heat sink by itself. The module used to collect the data in Figure 23 and Figure 24 had a thermal-conductive dry pad between the case and the heat sink to minimize contact resistance. The use of Figure 23 and Figure 24 are shown in the following example. Example If an 85 C case temperature is desired, what is the minimum airflow necessary? Assume the QW075B1 module is operating at VI = 75 V and an output current of 5.5 A, transverse orientation, maximum ambient air temperature of 40 C, and the heat sink is 1/2 inch. Solution Given: VI = 75 V IO = 5.5 A TA = 40 C TC = 85 C Heat sink = 1/2 inch Determine PD by using Figure 21: PD TC TS cs TA sa 8-1304 (F).e Figure 29. Resistance from Case-to-Sink and Sink-to-Ambient For a managed interface using thermal grease or foils, a value of cs = 0.1 C/W to 0.3 C/W is typical. The solution for heat sink resistance is: (TC - TA) sa = ------------------------ - cs PD This equation assumes that all dissipated power must be shed by the heat sink. Depending on the userdefined application environment, a more accurate model, including heat transfer from the sides and bottom of the module, can be used. This equation provides a conservative estimate for such instances. PD = 16 W Then solve the following equation: ( TC - TA ) ca = ----------------------PD EMC Considerations For assistance with designing for EMC compliance, please refer to the FLTR100V10 Filter Module Data Sheet (DS99-294EPS). 85 - 40 ) ca = (----------------------16 ca = 2.8 C/W Use Figure 23 to determine air velocity for the 1/2 inch heat sink. The minimum airflow necessary for this module is 1.25 m/s (250 ft./min.). 14 Layout Considerations Copper paths must not be routed beneath the power module mounting inserts. For additional layout guidelines, refer to the FLTR100V10 Filter Module Data Sheet (DS99-294EPS). Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Outline Diagram Dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). Tolerances: x.x mm 0.5 mm (x.xx in. 0.02 in.) x.xx mm 0.25 mm (x.xxx in. 0.010 in.) Top View 36.8 (1.45) 57.9 (2.28) Side View 12.7 (0.50) 0.51 (0.020) 4.1 (0.16) MIN, 2 PLACES 4.1 (0.16) MIN, 6 PLACES 3.5 (0.14) MIN 1.57 (0.062) DIA SOLDER-PLATED BRASS, 2 PLACES 1.02 (0.040) DIA SOLDER-PLATED BRASS, 6 PLACES Bottom View RIVETED CASE PIN (OPTIONAL) 1.09 x 0.76 (0.043 x 0.030) 50.80 (2.000) 3.6 (0.14) 5.3 (0.21) 10.9 (0.43) 11.2 (0.44) VO(-) VI(-) 15.24 (0.600) 26.16 (1.030) 7.62 (0.300) 5.3 (0.21) - SENSE TRIM ON/OFF MOUNTING INSERTS M3 x 0.5 THROUGH, 4 PLACES 3.81 11.43 (0.150) (0.450) 12.7 (0.50) 7.62 (0.300) 15.24 (0.600) + SENSE VO(+) VI(+) 47.2 (1.86) SIDE LABEL* 8-1769 (F).b * Side label includes Lineage name, product designation, safety agency markings, input/output voltage and current ratings, and bar code. Lineage Power 15 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 Recommended Hole Pattern Component-side footprint. Dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). 5.3 (0.21) 7.62 (0.300) 26.16 (1.030) 15.24 (0.600) 47.2 (1.86) VI(+) VO(+) + SENSE TRIM ON/OFF 7.62 (0.300) - SENSE VI(-) 15.24 (0.600) VO(-) 3.81 (0.150) 10.9 (0.43) 5.3 3.6 (0.21) (0.14) 11.2 (0.44) 50.80 (2.000) 11.43 (0.450) 12.7 (0.50) MOUNTING INSERTS M3 x 0.5 THROUGH, 4 PLACES CASE PIN (OPTIONAL) 8-1769 (F).b Ordering Information Please contact your Lineage Power Account Manager or Field Application Engineer for pricing and availability. Table 4. Device Codes Input Voltage Output Voltage Output Power Output Current Remote On/Off Logic Device Code Comcode 48 Vdc 12 Vdc 50 W 4.17 A Negative QW050B1 108446949 48 Vdc 12 Vdc 75 W 6.25 A Negative QW075B1 108446956 Optional features can be ordered using the suffixes shown in Table 5. To order more than one option, list device codes suffixes in numerically descending order. For example, the device code for a QW050B1 module with the following option is shown below: Auto-restart after overcurrent shutdown QW050B41 Table 5. Device Options 16 Option Device Code Suffix Case ground pin Auto-restart after overcurrent shutdown 7 4 Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Ordering Information (continued) Table 6. Device Accessories Accessory Comcode 1/4 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 1/4 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 1/2 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 1/2 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 1 in. transverse kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 1 in. longitudinal kit (heat sink, thermal pad, and screws) 848060992 848061008 848061016 848061024 848061032 848061040 Dimensions are in millimeters and (inches). 36.83 0.38 (1.450 0.015) 1/4 IN. 57.91 0.38 (2.280 0.015) 1/4 IN. 1/2 IN. 1/2 IN. 1 IN. 1 IN. 47.24 0.13 (1.850 0.005) 26.16 0.13 (1.030 0.005) 8-2472 (F) 8-2473 (F) Figure 30. Longitudinal Heat Sink Lineage Power Figure 31. Transverse Heat Sink 17 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 Notes 18 Lineage Power Data Sheet April 2008 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Notes Lineage Power 19 QW050B1 and QW075B1 Power Modules; dc-dc Converters: 36 Vdc to 75 Vdc Input, 12 Vdc Output; 50 W to 75 W Data Sheet April 2008 A sia-Pacific Head qu art ers T el: +65 6 41 6 4283 World W ide Headq u arters Lin eag e Po wer Co rp oratio n 30 00 Sk yline D riv e, Mes quite, T X 75149, U SA +1-800-526-7819 (Outs id e U .S.A .: +1- 97 2-2 84 -2626) www.line ag ep ower.co m e-m ail: tech sup port1@ lin ea gep ower .co m Eu ro pe, M id dle-East an d Afric a He ad qu arters T el: +49 8 9 6089 286 Ind ia Head qu arters T el: +91 8 0 28411633 Lineage Power reserves the right to make changes to the produc t(s) or information contained herein without notice. No liability is ass umed as a res ult of their use or applic ation. No rights under any patent acc ompany the sale of any s uc h pr oduct(s ) or information. (c) 2008 Lineage Power Corpor ation, (Mesquite, Texas ) All International Rights Res er ved. April 2008 DS99-209EPS