
CY26404
Document #: 38-07470 Rev. ** Page 4 of 11
Input Load Capacitors
Input load capacitors allow the user to set the load capacitance
of the CY26404 to match the load capacitance from a crystal.
The value of the load capacitors is determined by 8 bits in a
programmable register [13H]. Total load capacitance is deter-
mined by the formul a:
CapLoad = (CL – CBRD – CCHIP)/0.09375 pF
where:
•CL = specified load capacitance of your crystal.
•CBRD = the total board capacitance, due to external capac-
itors and board trace capacitance. In CyClocksRT™, this
value defaults to 2 pF.
•CCHIP = 6 pF.
•0.09375 pF = the st ep res olu tio n av ai lab le d ue t o th e 8-b it
register.
In Cycloc ks RT the CY26404 is matc hed to the CY2 215 0, an d
only th e crys tal ca pacitance (CL) is spec ified . CCHIP is se t to 6
pF, and CBRD defaults to 2 pF. If your board capacitance is
higher or lower than 2 pF, the formula above can be used to
calcul ate a new CapLo ad va lue a nd progra mmed into regis ter
13H.
In CyC loc ksRT, en ter the cr ysta l capac itan ce (CL). The value
of CapLoad will be determined a utomatically a nd programmed
into the CY26404. Through the SDAT and SCLK pins, the
value can b e adj usted up or do wn if you r board cap ac itan ce i s
greater or less than 2 pF. For an external clock source,
CapLoad defaults to 0. See Table 5 for CapLoad bit locations
and values.
The input load capacitors are placed on the CY26404 die to
reduce external component cost. These capacitors are true
parallel-plate capacitors, designed to reduce the frequency
shift th at o ccurs when no n-li near load capacitance is affected
by load, bias, supply and temperature changes.
PLL Frequency, Q Counter [42H(6..0)]
The first counter is known as the Q counter. The Q counter
divides REF by its calculated value. Q is a 7-bit divider with a
maximum value of 127 and minimum value of 0. The primary
value of Q is determined by 7 bits in register 42H (6..0), but 2
is added to this register value to achieve the total Q, or Qtotal.
Qtotal is defined by the formula:
Qtotal = Q + 2
The min imum val ue of Qtotal is 2 . The ma ximum v alue o f Qtotal
is 129. Register 42H is defined in the table.
Stable operation of the CY26404 cannot be guaranteed if
REF/Qtotal falls below 250 kHz. Qtotal bit locations and values
are defined in Table 6.
PLL Frequency, P Counter [40H(1..0)], [41H(7..0)], [42H(7)
The next counter definition is the P (product) counter. The P
counter i s multipl ied with the (REF/Q total) value to achie ve the
VCO frequency. The product counter, defined as Ptotal, is
made up of two int ernal variable s, PB and PO. The formula for
calcul ati ng Ptotal is:
Ptotal = (2(PB + 4) + PO)
PB is a 10-bit variable, defined by registers 40H(1:0) and
41H(7:0). The 2 LSBs of register 40H are the two MSBs of
variable PB. Bits 4..2 of register 40H are used to de termine the
charge pum p settings (see Section 5). The 3 MSBs of reg ister
40H are preset and reserved and cannot be changed.
PO is a single-bit variable, defined in register 42H(7). This
allows for odd numbers in Ptotal.
The remain in g 7 bits of 42H are used to de fin e the Q cou nte r,
as shown in Table 6.
The minim um val ue of Ptotal is 8 . T he maxi mu m va lue of Ptotal
is 2055. To achieve the minimum value of Ptotal, PB and PO
should both be programmed to 0. To achieve the maximum
value of Ptotal, PB should be programmed to 1023, and PO
should be prog ram me d to 1.
Sta bl e op era t io n of th e C Y2 6 40 4 c a nn ot b e gu ar an t ee d i f the
value of (Ptotal*(REF/Qtotal)) is above 400 MHz or below
100 MHz. Regis ters 40H, 41H and 42H a re defined in Table 7.
PLL Post Divider Options [OCH(7..0)], [47H(7..0)]
The output of the VCO is routed through two independent
muxes, then to two divider banks to determine the final clock
output frequency. The mux determines if the clock signal
feeding in to the divide r banks is the calculated VCO frequency
or REF. There are two select muxes (DIV1SRC and DIV2SRC)
and two divider banks (Divider Bank 1 and Divider Bank 2)
used to determine this clock signal. The clock signal passing
through DIV1SRC and DIV2SRC is referred to as DIV1CLK
and DIV2CLK, respectively.
The divider banks have 4 unique divider options available: /2,
/3, /4, and /DIVxN. DIVxN is a variable that can be indepen-
dently programmed (DIV1N and DIV2N) for each of the 2
divider banks. The minimum value of DIVxN is 4. The
maxim um val ue of DIVxN is 127. A va lue of DIVxN be low 4 i s
not guaranteed to work properly.
DIV1SRC is a single bit variable, controlled by register OCH.
The remaining 7 bits of register OCH determine the value of
post divider DIV1N.
DIV2SRC is a single-bit variable, controlled by register 47H.
The remaining 7 bits of register 47H determine the value of
post divider DIV2N.
Register OCH and 47H are defined in Table 8.
Charge Pump Settings [40H(2..0)]
The correc t pump sett ing is import ant for PLL st abilit y. Charge
pump se ttings ar e controlle d by bit s (4..2) of regis ter 40H, an d
are dependent on internal variable PB (see “PLL Frequency,
P Counter[40H(1..0)], [41H(7..0)], [42H(7)]”). Table 9 summa-
rizes the proper charge pump settings, based on Ptotal.
See Table 10 for register 40H bit locations and values.
Table 5. Input Load Capacitor Register Bit Settings
AddressD7D6D5D4D3D2D1D0
13H CapLoad(7) CapLoad(6) CapLoad(5) CapLoad(4) CapLoad(3) CapLoad(2) CapLoad(1) CapLoad(0)