LP3991TL-0.8 - Intersil Corporation

December 13, 2007

LP3991

300mA Linear Voltage Regulator for Digital Applications

General Description

Operating from a minimum input voltage of 1.65V, the LP3991

regulator has been designed to provide fixed stable output

voltages for load currents up to 300mA. This device is suitable

where accurate, low voltages are required from low input volt-

age sources and is therefore suitable for post regulation of

switched mode regulators. In such applications, significant

improvements in performance and EMI can be realized, with

little reduction in overall efficiency. The LP3991 will provide

fixed outputs as low as 1.2V from a wide input range of 1.65V

to 4.0V Using the enable pin, the device may be controlled to

provide a shutdown state, in which negligible supply current

is drawn.

The LP3991 is designed to be stable with space saving ce-

ramic capacitors as small as 0402 case size.

Performance is specified for a -40°C to 125°C junction tem-

perature range.

For output voltage options please contact your local NSC

sales office.

Features

■Operation from 1.65V to 4.0V Input

■1% accuracy at room temperature

■Output Voltage from 1.2V to 2.8V

■125mV Dropout at 300mA load

■50µA Quiescent Current at 1mA Load

■Inrush Current controlled to 600mA

■PSRR 65dB at 1kHz

■100µs Start-Up time for 1.5V VOUT

■Stable with Ceramic Capacitors as small as 0402

■Thermal-Overload and Short-Circuit Protection

Package

4 pin micro SMD (0.963mm x 1.446mm)

For other package options contact your NSC sales office.

Applications

■Post DC/DC Regulator

■Battery Operated Devices

■Hand-Held Information Appliances

Typical Application Circuit

20110002

LP3991 300mA Linear Voltage Regulator for Digital Applications

Pin Descriptions

Packages

Pin No. Symbol Name and Function

B1 VOUT Voltage output. A Low ESR Ceramic Capacitor should be

connected from this pin to GND. (See Application Information)

Connect this output to the load circuit.

A1 GND Common Ground. Connect to Pad.

A2 VEN Enable Input; Enables the Regulator when ≥ 0.95V.

Disables the Regulator when ≤ 0.4V.

Enable Input has an internal 1.2MΩ pull-down resistor to GND.

B2 VIN Voltage Supply Input. A 1.0µF capacitor should be connected

from this pin to GND.

Connection Diagram

4 Bump Thin Micro SMD, Large Bump

20110006

See NS package number TLA04

Ordering Information (4-Bump Micro SMD)

Only available as Lead Free.

Output Voltage (V) Grade LP3991 Supplied as 1000 Units, Tape

and Reel

LP3991 Supplied as 3000 Units, Tape

and Reel

0.8 STD LP3991TL-0.8 LP3991TLX-0.8

1.2 STD LP3991TL-1.2 LP3991TLX-1.2

1.3 STD LP3991TL-1.3 LP3991TLX-1.3

1.5 STD LP3991TL-1.5 LP3991TLX-1.5

1.8 STD LP3991TL-1.8 LP3991TLX-1.8

2.0 STD LP3991TL-2.0 LP3991TLX-2.0

2.5 STD LP3991TL-2.5 LP3991TLX-2.5

2.8 STD LP3991TL-2.8 LP3991TLX-2.8

3.0 STD LP3991TL-3.0 LP3991TLX-3.0

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LP3991

Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
VIN, VOUT, Pins: Voltage to GND -0.3 to 6.5V
VEN Pin: Voltage to GND -0.3 to (VIN + 0.3V) to 6.5V
(max)
Junction Temperature 150°C
Lead/Pad Temp. (Note 3)  
Micro SMD 260°C
Storage Temperature -65 to 150°C
Continuous Power Dissipation
(Note 4)
Internally Limited
ESD (Note 5)  
Human Body Model 2KV
Machine Model 200V
 
 
Operating Ratings (Note 1)
Input Voltage Range 1.65 to 4.0V
Recommended Load Current 300mA
Junction Temperature -40°C to 125°C
Ambient Temperature TARange
(Note 6)
-40°C to 85°C
Thermal Properties (Note 1)
Junction To Ambient Thermal
Resistance(Note 7)
 
θJA JEDEC Board
(Note 8)
88°C/W
θJA 4 Layer Board 160°C/W
 
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise noted, VEN =950mV, VIN = VOUT + 0.5V, or 1.8V, whichever is higher. CIN = 1µF, IOUT = 1.0mA, COUT =4.7µF.
Typical values and limits appearing in normal type apply for TA = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the full junction
temperature range for operation, −40 to +125°C. (Note 9)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ Limit Units
Min Max
VIN
Input Voltage (Note 10)   1.65 3.6 V
(Note 16)     4.0
ΔVOUT Output Voltage Tolerance VIN = VIN(NOM) to 3.6V
ILOAD = 1 to 300mA
    -1.0
-3.0
1.0
3.0
%
Temperature
(TJ)=
-25°C to +85°C
  -2.5 2.5
Line Regulation Error VIN = VOUT(NOM) +0.5V to 3.6V,
IOUT = 1mA
0.8V ≤ VOUT ≤ 2.8V
0.05 1%/V
Load Regulation Error IOUT = 1mA to 300mA 10 60 µV/mA
VDO Dropout Voltage(Note 11) 1.8 ≤ VOUT ≤ 2.5V IOUT = 150mA 55  90
mV
IOUT = 300mA 110  180
VOUT > 2.5V IOUT = 150mA 40  80
IOUT = 300mA 75  160
ILOAD Minimum Load Current (Note 12)   0 mA
IQQuiescent Current VEN = 950mV, IOUT = 0mA 50   100
µA
VEN = 950mV, IOUT = 300mA 120   225
VEN = 0.4V 0.001  1.0
ISC Short Circuit Current Limit VIN = 3.6V (Note 13) 550   900 mA
IOUT Maximum Output Current     300  mA
PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio
(Note 14)
f = 1kHz, IOUT = 1mA to 300mA 65     dB
enOutput noise Voltage (Note 14) BW = 10Hz to 100kHz,
VIN = 4.2V, COUT = 4.7µF 280     µVRMS
TSHUTDOWN Thermal Shutdown Temperature 160     °C
Hysteresis 20    
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LP3991

Electrical Characteristics con't.

Unless otherwise noted, VEN =950mV, VIN = VOUT + 0.5V, or 1.8V, whichever is higher. CIN = 1µF, IOUT = 1.0mA, COUT =4.7µF.

Typical values and limits appearing in normal type apply for TA = 25°C. Limits appearing in boldface type apply over the full junction

temperature range for operation, −40 to +125°C. (Note 9)

Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ Limit Units

Min Max

Enable Control Characteristics

IEN

(Note 15)

Maximum Input Current at

VEN Input

VEN = 0V, VIN = 3.6V 0.001 µA

VEN = VIN = 3.6V 3 5.5

VIL Low Input Threshold VIN = 1.65V to 3.6V 0.4 V

VIH High Input Threshold VIN = 1.65V to 3.6V 0.95 V

Timing Characteristics

TON Turn On Time (Note 14) To 95% Level

VIN(MIN) to 3.6V

VOUT ≤ 2.0V 100

µs

VOUT > 2.0V 140

Line Transient Response |δVOUT|Trise = Tfall = 30µs (Note 14)

δVIN = 600mV 6 mV

(pk - pk)

Transient

Response

Load Transient Response |δVOUT|Trise = Tfall = 1µs

(Note 14)

IOUT = 0 mA to 300mA 140

IOUT = 1mA to 300mA 110

IOUT = 300mA to 1mA 80

IOUT = 0mA to 200mA 110

IOUT = 1mA to 200mA 80

IOUT = 200mA to 1mA 60

IOUT = 0mA to 150mA 100

IOUT = 1mA to 150mA 70

IOUT = 150mA to 1mA 50

Overshoot on Start-up 0 2%

IIR In-Rush Current (Note 14) 600 1000 mA

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage can occur. Operating Ratings are conditions under which operation of the device is

guaranteed. Operating Ratings do not imply guaranteed performance limits. For guaranteed performance limits and associated test conditions, see the Electrical

Characteristics tables.

Note 2: All Voltages are with respect to the potential at the GND pin.

Note 3: For further information on these packages please refer to the following application notes,AN-1112 Micro SMD Wafer Level Chip Scale Package.

Note 4: Internal thermal shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent damage.

Note 5: The human body model is 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor into each pin. The machine model is a 200pF capacitor discharged directly into

each pin.

Note 6: The maximum ambient temperature (TA(max)) is dependant on the maximum operating junction temperature (TJ(max-op) = 125°C), the maximum power

dissipation of the device in the application (PD(max)), and the junction to ambient thermal resistance of the part / package in the application (θJA), as given by the

following equation: TA(max) = TJ(max-op) - (θJA × PD(max)).

Note 7: Junction to ambient thermal resistance is dependant on the application and board layout. In applications where high maximum power dissipation is

possible, special care must be paid to thermal dissipation issues in board design.

Note 8: Full details can be found in JESD61-7

Note 9: All limits are guaranteed. All electrical characteristics having room-temperature limits are tested during production at TJ = 25°C or correlated using

Statistical Quality Control methods. Operation over the temperature specification is guaranteed by correlating the electrical characteristics to process and

temperature variations and applying statistical process control.

Note 10: VIN(MIN) = VOUT(NOM) + 0.5V or 1.65V, whichever is greater. (See post DC/DC convertor example in application information section).

Note 11: Dropout voltage is voltage difference between input and output at which the output voltage drops to 100mV below its nominal value. This parameter is

only specified for output voltages above 1.8V.

Note 12: The device maintains the regulated output voltage without a load.

Note 13: Short circuit current is measured with VOUT pulled to 0V.

Note 14: This electrical specification is guaranteed by design.

Note 15: Enable Pin has an internal 1.2MΩ typical, resistor connected to GND.

Note 16: The device will operate with input voltages up to 4.0V. However special care should be taken in relation to thermal dissipation and the need to derate

the maximum allowable ambient temperature. See (Notes 6, 7)

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LP3991

Output Capacitor, Recommended Specifications

Parameter Conditions Typ Limit Units

Min Max

COUT Output Capacitor Capacitance

(Note 17)

VOUT ≥ 1.5V 4.7 2

µF

VOUT < 1.5V

(Note 18) 2.2 1.6

ESR 5 500 mΩ

Note 17: The capacitor tolerance should be 30% or better over temperature. The full operating conditions for the application should be considered when selecting

a suitable capacitor to ensure that the minimum value of capacitance is always met. Recommended capacitor type is X7R or X5R. (See capacitor section in

Applications Hints)

Note 18: On lower voltage options, 2.2µF output capacitor may be used but some degradation in load transient (10 -15%) can be expected, compared to a 4.7µF.

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LP3991

Typical Performance Characteristics. Unless otherwise specified, CIN = 1.0µF Ceramic, COUT = 4.7µF

Ceramic, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.5V or 1.8V whichever is greater, TA = 25°C, VOUT(NOM) = 1.5V , Shutdown pin is tied to VIN.

Output Voltage Change vs Temperature

20110010

Output Voltage vs Minimum Input Voltage

20110009

Ground Current vs Load Current

20110012

Ground Current vs VIN. ILOAD = 1mA

20110011

Dropout Voltage

20110014

Dropout Voltage vs Output Voltage

20110015

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LP3991

Typical Performance Characteristics con't. Unless otherwise specified, CIN = 1.0µF Ceramic,

COUT = 4.7µF Ceramic, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.5V or 1.8V whichever is greater, TA = 25°C, VOUT(NOM) = 1.5V , Shutdown pin is tied

to VIN.

Load Transient, VOUT = 1.5V

20110018

Load Transient, VOUT = 1.2V

20110021

Line Transient, ILOAD = 1mA

20110019

Line Transient, ILOAD = 300mA

20110020

Enable Characteristics

20110023

Short Circuit Current

20110022

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LP3991

Typical Performance Characteristics con't. Unless otherwise specified, CIN = 1.0µF Ceramic,

COUT = 4.7µF Ceramic, VIN = VOUT(NOM) + 0.5V or 1.8V whichever is greater, TA = 25°C, VOUT(NOM) = 1.5V , Shutdown pin is tied

to VIN.

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

20110025

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

20110026

Noise Density

20110028

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LP3991

Application Information

EXTERNAL CAPACITORS

In common with most regulators, the LP3991 requires exter-

nal capacitors for regulator stability. The LP3991 is specifi-

cally designed for portable applications requiring minimum

board space and smallest components. These capacitors

must be correctly selected for good performance.

INPUT CAPACITOR

An input capacitor is required for stability. It is recommended

that a 1.0µF capacitor be connected between the LP3991 in-

put pin and ground (this capacitance value may be increased

without limit).

This capacitor must be located a distance of not more than

1cm from the input pin and returned to a clean analogue

ground. Any good quality ceramic, tantalum, or film capacitor

may be used at the input.

Important: Tantalum capacitors can suffer catastrophic fail-

ures due to surge current when connected to a low-

impedance source of power (like a battery or a very large

capacitor). If a tantalum capacitor is used at the input, it must

be guaranteed by the manufacturer to have a surge current

rating sufficient for the application.

There are no requirements for the ESR (Equivalent Series

Resistance) on the input capacitor, but tolerance, tempera-

ture, and voltage coefficients must be considered when se-

lecting the capacitor to ensure the capacitance will remain ≊

1.0µF over the entire operating temperature range.

OUTPUT CAPACITOR

Correct selection of the output capacitor is critical to ensure

stable operation in the intended application.

The output capacitor must meet all the requirements specified

in the recommended capacitor table over all conditions in the

application. these conditions include DC bias, frequency and

temperature. Unstable operation will result if the capacitance

drops below the minimum specified value.

The LP3991 is designed specifically to work with very small

ceramic output capacitors. For voltage options of 1.5V and

higher, A 4.7µF ceramic capacitor (dielectric type X7R or

X5R) with an ESR between 5mΩ to 500mΩ, is suitable in the

LP3991 application circuit. However, on lower VOUT options a

2.2µF may be employed with only a small increase in load

transient.

Other ceramic types such as Y5V and Z5U are less suitable

owing to their inferior temperature characteristics. (See sec-

tion on Capacitor Characteristics).

It is also recommended that the output capacitor is placed

within 1cm of the output pin and returned to a clean, low

impedance, ground connection.

It is possible to use tantalum or film capacitors at the device

output, VOUT, but these are not as attractive for reasons of

size and cost (see the section Capacitor Characteristics).

NO-LOAD STABILITY

The LP3991 will remain stable and in regulation with no ex-

ternal load. This is an important consideration in some cir-

cuits, for example CMOS RAM keep-alive applications.

CAPACITOR CHARACTERISTICS

The LP3991 is designed to work with ceramic capacitors on

the input and output to take advantage of the benefits they

offer. For capacitance values around 4.7µF, ceramic capaci-

tors give the circuit designer the best design options in terms

of low cost and minimal area.

For both input and output capacitors, careful interpretation of

the capacitor specification is required to ensure correct device

operation. The capacitor value can change greatly dependant

on the conditions of operation and capacitor type.

In particular, to ensure stability, the output capacitor selection

should take account of all the capacitor parameters, to ensure

that the specification is met within the application. Capaci-

tance value can vary with DC bias conditions as well as

temperature and frequency of operation. Capacitor values will

also show some decrease over time due to aging. The ca-

pacitor parameters are also dependant on the particular case

size with smaller sizes giving poorer performance figures in

general.

20110040

FIGURE 1. Effect of DC bias on Capacitance Value.

As an example Figure 1 shows a typical graph showing a

comparison of capacitor case sizes in a Capacitance vs. DC

Bias plot. As shown in the graph, as a result of the DC Bias

condition, the capacitance value may drop below the mini-

mum capacitance value given in the recommended capacitor

table. Note that the graph shows the capacitance out of spec

for the 0402 case size capacitor at higher bias voltages. It is

therefore recommended that the capacitor manufacturers'

specifications for the nominal value capacitor are consulted

for all conditions as some capacitor sizes (e.g. 0402) may not

be suitable in the actual application. Ceramic capacitors have

the lowest ESR values, thus making them best for eliminating

high frequency noise. The ESR of a typical 4.7µF ceramic

capacitor is in the range of 20mΩ to 40mΩ, which easily

meets the ESR requirement for stability for the LP3991. The

temperature performance of ceramic capacitors varies by

type. Capacitor type X7R is specified with a tolerance of ±15%

over the temperature range -55°C to +125°C. The X5R has a

similar tolerance over the reduced temperature range of -55°

C to +85°C. Some large value ceramic capacitors (4.7µF) are

manufactured with Z5U or Y5V temperature characteristics,

which can result in the capacitance dropping by more than

50% as the temperature varies from 25°C to 85°C. Therefore

X7R or X5R types are recommended in applications where

the temperature will change significantly above or below 25°

Tantalum capacitors are less desirable than ceramic for use

as output capacitors because they are more expensive when

comparing equivalent capacitance and voltage ratings in the

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LP3991

1µF to 4.7µF range. Another important consideration is that

tantalum capacitors have higher ESR values than equivalent

size ceramics. This means that while it may be possible to find

a tantalum capacitor with an ESR value within the stable

range, it would have to be larger in capacitance (which means

bigger and more costly) than a ceramic capacitor with the

same ESR value. It should also be noted that the ESR of a

typical tantalum will increase about 2:1 as the temperature

goes from 25°C down to -40°C, so some guard band must be

allowed.

ENABLE CONTROL

The LP3991 features an active high Enable pin, VEN, which

turns the device on when pulled high. When not enabled the

regulator output is off and the device typically consumes 2nA.

If the application does not require the Enable switching fea-

ture, the VEN pin should be tied to VIN to keep the regulator

output permanently on.

To ensure proper operation, the signal source used to drive

the VEN input must be able to swing above and below the

specified turn-on/off voltage thresholds listed in the Electrical

Characteristics section under VIL and VIH.

micro SMD MOUNTING

The micro SMD package requires specific mounting tech-

niques which are detailed in the National Semiconductor

Application Note (AN-1112). Referring to the section Surface

Mount Technology (SMT) Assenbly Considerations, it should

be noted that the pad style which must be used with the 4 pin

package is NSMD (non-solder mask defined) type.

For best results during assembly, alignment ordinals on the

PCB may be used to facilitate placement of the micro SMD

device.

micro SMD LIGHT SENSITIVITY

Exposing the micro SMD device to direct sunlight may cause

mis-operation of the device. Light sources such as halogen

lamps can affect the electrical performance if brought near to

the device.

The wavelengths which have most detrimental effect are reds

and infra-reds, which means that fluorescent lighting, used

inside most buildings will have little effect on performance.

20110036

FIGURE 2. LP3991 Used as a Post DC/DC regulator

POST-BUCK REGULATOR

Linear Post-Regulation can be an effective way to reduce rip-

ple and switching noise from DC/DC convertors while still

maintaining a reasonably high overall efficiency.

The LP3991 is particularly suitable for this role due to its low

input voltage requirements. In addition, there is often no need

for a separate input capacitor for the LP3991 as it can share

the output cap of the DC/DC convertor.

Care of PCB layouts involving switching regulators is

paramount. In particular, the ground paths for the LDO should

be routed separately from the switcher ground and star con-

nected close to the battery. Routing of the switch pin of the

DC/DC convertor must be kept short to minimize radiated

EMI. A low pass filter such as a ferrite bead or common mode

choke on the battery input leads can further reduce radiated

EMI.

Figure 2 shows a typical example using an LM3673, 350mA

DC/DC buck regulator with a nominal output of 1.8V and a

1.5V LP3991. The overall efficiency will be greater than 70%

over the full Li-Ion battery voltage range. Maximum efficiency

is achieved by minimizing the difference between VIN and

VOUT of the LP3991. The LP3991-1.5 will remain in regulation

down to an input voltage of 1.65V, so, in this case, a 1.8V

buck with 5% tolerance is adequate for all conditions of tem-

perature and load.

MAXIMUM SUPPLY VOLTAGE AND THERMAL

CONSIDERATIONS

Maximum recommended input voltage is 3.6V. The device

may be operated at 4.0V VIN if proper care is given to the

board design in regard to thermal dissipation. As a guide

please refer to the following table for ambient temperature at

2 input voltages and 2 load currents for the example board

types.

θJA VIN VOUT IOUT PDAmbient

Temp.

88ºC/W 3.6V 2.8V 160mA 0.130W 113ºC

250mA 0.200W 107ºC

4.0V 2.8V 160mA 0.190W 108ºC

250mA 0.300W 98ºC

160ºC/W 3.6V 2.8V 160mA 0.130W 104ºC

250mA 0.200W 93ºC

4.0V 2.8V 160mA 0.190W 94ºC

250mA 0.300W 77ºC

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LP3991

Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

4 Bump Thin micro SMD, Large Bump

NS Package Number TLA04ZTA

The Dimensions for X1, X2 and X3 as given as:

X1 = 0.963mm ± 0.030mm

X2 = 1.446mm ± 0.03mm

X3 = 0.60mm ± 0.075mm

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LP3991

Notes

LP3991 300mA Linear Voltage Regulator for Digital Applications

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