4
MTC-20146
DMT Modem
This computational module is a
programmable DSP unit. Its instruction
set enables functions like FFT, IFFT,
Scaling, Rotor and Frequency
Equalization (FEQ). This block
implements the core of the
DMT algorithm as specified in ANSI
T1.413. In the RX path, the 512-point
FFT transforms the time-domain DMT
symbol into a frequency domain
representation which can be further
decoded by the subsequent demapping
stages. After the first stage time -domain
equalization and FFT block an
essentially ICI (InterCarrier Interference)-
free carrier information stream has been
obtained.
This stream is still affected by carrier-
specific channel distortion resulting in
an attenuation of the signal amplitude
and a rotation of the signal phase. To
compensate for these effects, the FFT is
followed by a Frequency domain
equalizer (FEQ) and a Rotor (phase
shifter).
In the TX path, the IFFT transforms the
DMT symbol generated in the frequency
domain by the mapper into a time
domain representation. The IFFT block is
preceded by a Fine Tune Gain and a
Rotor stage, allowing for a
compensation of the possible frequency
mismatch between the master clock
frequency and the transmitter clock
frequency (which may be locked to
another reference).
The FFT module is a slave DSP engine
controlled by the transceiver controller.
It works off line and communicates with
the other blocks via buffers controlled
by the DSTU block. The DSP executes a
program stored in a RAM area, a very
flexible implementation open for future
enhancements.
DPLL
The Digital PLL module receives a metric
for the phase error of the pilot tone. In
general, the clock frequencies at the
transmitter and receiver do not match
exactly. The phase error is filtered and
integrated by a low pass filter, yielding
an estimation of the frequency offset.
Various processes can use this estimate
to deal with the frequency mismatch. In
particular, small accumulated phase
error can be compensated in the
frequency domain by a rotation of the
received code constellation (Rotor).
Larger errors are compensated in the
time domain by inserting or deleting
clock cycles in the sample input
sequence.
Mapper/Demapper, Monitor,
Trellis Coding,
FEQ Update
The Demapper converts the
constellation points computed by the
FFT to a block of bits. This essentially
consists in identifying a point in a 2D
QAM constellation plane.
The Demapper supports trellis coded
demodulation and provides a Viterbi
maximum likelihood estimator. When
the trellis is active, the Demapper
receives an indication for the most likely
constellation subset to be used.
In the transmit direction, the Mapper
performs the inverse operation,
mapping a block of bits into one
constellation point (in a complex x+jy
representation) which is passed to the
IFFT block. The Trellis Encoder
generates redundant bits to improve the
robustness of the transmission, using a
4-Dimensional Trellis Coded Modulation
scheme.
The Monitor computes error parameters
for carriers specified in the Demapper
process. Those parameters can be used
for updates of adaptive filters
coefficients, clock phase adjustments,
error detection,etc. A series of values is
constantly monitored, such as signal
power, pilot phase deviations, symbol
erasures generation, loss of frame,etc.
From
DSP PE FFT FEQ Rotor
Trelis
coding
Demapper
Monitor
Monitor
Indications
FEQ
Coefficients
FEQ
Update
Fig.3: DMT Modem