MQHL-28-15S Single Output H igH R eliability DC-DC C onveRteR 16-40V 16-50V 15V 3.3A 86% @ 1.65A / 86% @ 3.3A Continuous Input Transient Input Output Output Efficiency F ull P oweR o PeRation : -55C to +125C The MilQor@ series of high-reliability DC-DC converters brings SynQor's field proven high-efficiency synchronous rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry. SynQor's innovative QorSealTM packaging approach ensures survivability in the most hostile environments. Compatible N/C with the industry standard format, these converters operate +VIN at a fixed frequency, have no opto-isolators, and follow conservative component derating guidelines. IN RTN CASE They are -ES -28-15S-Y MQHL 3.3A ut@ 28Vin 15Vo ENA 1 designed and manufactured to comply with a wide range of SYNC OUT TRIM +SNS -SNS OUT RTN +VOUT SYNC IN military standards. Design Process MQHL series converters are: * Designed for reliability per NAVSO-P3641-A guidelines * Designed with components derated per: -- MIL-HDBK-1547A -- NAVSO P-3641A Qualification Process MQHL series converters are qualified to: * MIL-STD-810F -- consistent with RTCA/D0-160E * SynQor's First Article Qualification -- consistent with MIL-STD-883F * SynQor's Long-Term Storage Survivability Qualification * SynQor's on-going life test In-Line Manufacturing Process Phone 1-888-567-9596 Features * * * * * * * * Fixed switching frequency No opto-isolators Output over-voltage shutdown Remote sense Clock synchronization Primary referenced enable Continuous short circuit and overload protection Input under-voltage and over-voltage shutdown Specification Compliance MQHL series converters (with MQHE filter) are designed to meet: * MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F) * RTCA/DO-160 Section 16 * MIL-STD-1275 for VIN > 16V * DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5 for VIN > 16V * MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E) * RTCA/DO-160 Section 22 * AS9100 and ISO 9001:2008 certified facility * Full component traceability * Temperature cycling * Constant acceleration * 24, 96, 160 hour burn-in * Three level temperature screening Product # MQHL-28-15S DesigneD & ManufactureD in the usa featuring QorsealTM hi-rel asseMbly www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 1 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Technical Specification BLOCK DIAGRAM REGULATION STAGE ISOLATION STAGE CURRENT SENSE 1 POSITIVE INPUT T1 T2 7 T1 T2 POSITIVE OUTPUT 2 8 INPUT RETURN OUTPUT RETURN 3 CASE GATE CONTROL GATE DRIVERS 12 UVLO OVSD CURRENT LIMIT NO CONNECT 11 4 ENABLE 1 CONTROL POWER OVP PRIMARY CONTROL 5 MAGNETIC SECONDARY CONTROL TRIM 10 + SENSE SYNC OUT 9 FEEDBACK 6 - SENSE SYNC IN TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM 28 Vdc + _ open means on Product # MQHL-28-15S 1 +VIN 2 IN RTN 3 CASE 4 ENA 1 5 SYNC OUT 6 SYNC IN Phone 1-888-567-9596 N/C 12 TRIM 11 MQHL www.synqor.com +SNS 10 -SNS 9 + Load OUT RTN 8 +VOUT 7 Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 _ Page 2 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Technical Specification MQHL-28-15S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125C) Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55C) Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O) Continuous Transient (100s) Operating Case Temperature Storage Case Temperature Lead Temperature (20s) Voltage at ENA1 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range " Input Under-Voltage Shutdown Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis Input Over-Voltage Shutdown Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Turn-On Voltage Threshold Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis Maximum Input Current No Load Input Current (operating) Disabled Input Current (ENA) Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25C) Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation Total Output Voltage Range Output Over-Voltage Shutdown Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to Peak Operating Output Current Range Operating Output Power Range Output DC Current-Limit Inception Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled Maximum Output Capacitance DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Deviation Load Transient For a Pos. Step Change in Load Current For a Neg. Step Change in Load Current Output Voltage Deviation Line Transient For a Pos. Step Change in Line Voltage For a Neg. Step Change in Line Voltage Turn-On Transient Output Voltage Rise Time Output Voltage Overshoot Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA Restart Inhibit Time Short Circuit Start Time EFFICIENCY Iout = 3.3 A (16 Vin) Iout = 1.65 A (16 Vin) Iout = 3.3 A (28 Vin) Iout = 1.65 A (28 Vin) Iout = 3.3 A (40 Vin) Iout = 1.65 A (40 Vin) Iout = 3.3 A (50 Vin) Load Fault Power Dissipation Product # MQHL-28-15S Vin=28V dc 5%, Iout=3.3A, CL=0F, free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified -500 -800 -55 -65 -1.2 60 60 -0.8 -1.2 V V V V 500 800 125 135 300 50 V V C C C V 16 16 28 28 40 50 V V 14.75 14.00 0.65 15.50 14.75 0.85 16.00 15.50 1.05 V V V 52.0 50.5 1.0 55.0 54.0 2.0 58.0 56.5 3.0 3.9 100 15 75 V V V A mA mA mA 15.15 15.22 50 70 15.30 21.3 75 3.3 49.5 5 50 1,500 V V mV mV V V mV A W A A mA F 650 mV mV 300 300 mV mV 10 2 8.0 6.0 150 20 ms % ms ms ms ms 75 10 40 14.85 14.78 -50 -70 14.70 16.8 0 0 3.5 -650 15.00 15.00 0 0 15.00 18.4 15 4.1 0.9 10 -300 300 -300 -300 12 6 0 5.5 3.0 100 14 83 86 83 84 81 81 80 Phone 1-888-567-9596 87 88 86 86 85 84 83 2.5 % % % % % % % W Group A Subgroup (see Note 11) See Note 1 See Note 2 Continuous Transient, 1s See Note 3 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 3 Vin = 16V; Iout = 3.3A Vin = 16V, 28V, 50V Bandwidth = 100kHz - 10MHz; see Figure 14 Vout at sense leads " " ; Vin = 16V, 28V, 40V; Iout=3.3A " ; Vout @ (Iout=0A) - Vout @ (Iout=3.3A) " Bandwidth = 10MHz; CL=11F See Note 4 See Note 6 Total Iout step = 1.65A to 3.3A, 0.33A to 1.65A; CL=11F " Vin step = 16V to 50V; CL=11F; see Note 7 Vout = 1.5V to 13.5V; Full Resistive Load Resistive load ENA = 5V; see Notes 8 & 10 See Note 10 See Note 10 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 See Note 5 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4, 5, 6 4 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Sustained short circuit on output www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 3 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Technical Specification MQHL-28-15S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued) Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS Isolation Voltage Input RTN to Output RTN Any Input Pin to Case Any Output Pin to Case Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn) Isolation Resistance (any pin to case) Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn) FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency (free running) Synchronization Input Frequency Range Logic Level High Logic Level Low Duty Cycle Synchronization Output Pull Down Current Duty Cycle Enable Control (ENA) Off-State Voltage Module Off Pulldown Current On-State Voltage Module On Pin Leakage Current Pull-Up Voltage Output Voltage Trim Range RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2) GB @ Tcase = 70C AIF @ Tcase = 70C WEIGHT CHARACTERISTICS Device Weight Vin=28V dc 5%, Iout=3.3A, CL=0F, free running (see Note 9) unless otherwise specified Group A Subgroup (see Note 11) Dielectric strength 500 500 500 100 100 V V V M M nF 1 1 1 1 1 1 600 kHz 1, 2, 3 500 2.0 -0.5 20 700 5.5 0.8 80 kHz V V % 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 20 40 60 mA % 22 500 550 0.8 80 2 3.2 -10 20 4.8 10 4.0 V A V A V % 4030 338 103 Hrs. 103 Hrs. 45 g VSYNC OUT = 0.8V Output connected to SYNC IN of other MQHL unit Current drain required to ensure module is off Imax draw from pin allowed with module still on See Figure A See Figure E See Note 5 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 See Note 5 1, 2, 3 1, 2, 3 Electrical Characteristics Notes 1. Converter will undergo input over-voltage shutdown. 2. Derate output power for continuous operation per Figure 5. 3. High or low state of input voltage must persist for about 200s to be acted on by the shutdown circuitry. 4. Current limit inception is defined as the point where the output voltage has dropped to 90% of its nominal value. See Current Limit discussion in Features Description section. 5. Parameter not tested but guaranteed to the limit specified. 6. Load current transition time 10s. 7. Line voltage transition time 100s. 8. Input voltage rise time 250s. 9. Operating the converter at a synchronization frequency above the free running frequency will cause the converter's efficiency to be slightly reduced and it may also cause a slight reduction in the maximum output current/power available. For more i 10. After a disable or fault event, module is inhibited from restarting for 100ms. See Shut Down section of the Control Features description. 11. Only the ES and HB grade products are tested at three temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the Construction and Environmental Stress Screening Options table for details. 12. These derating curves apply for the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100C. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 4 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Figures 95 95 90 90 85 85 Efficiency (%) 100 Efficiency (%) 100 80 75 70 80 75 70 16 Vin 28 Vin 65 0.66 1.32 1.98 2.64 28 Vin 65 40 Vin 60 0.00 16 Vin 40 Vin 60 -55C 3.30 25C Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at Tcase=25C. Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, and 40V. 12 10 10 Power Dissipation (W) 12 Power Dissipation (W) 125C Case Temperature (C) Load Current (A) 8 6 4 16 Vin 2 8 6 4 16 Vin 2 28 Vin 28 Vin 40 Vin 0 0.00 0.66 1.32 1.98 2.64 40 Vin 0 -55C 3.30 Load Current (A) 25C 125C Case Temperature (C) Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at Tcase=25C. 4.0 59 3.3 50 2.6 40 2.0 30 1.3 20 Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, and 40V. 18 Output Voltage (V) 14 Pout (W) Iout (A) 16 Tjmax = 105 C Tjmax = 125 C 0.7 65 85 105 125 0 145 6 0 0 Case Temperature (C) Figure 5: Output Current / Output Power derating curve as a function of Tcase and the Maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature at Vin = 28V (see Note 12). Product # MQHL-28-15S 8 2 0.0 45 10 4 10 Tjmax = 145 C 25 12 Phone 1-888-567-9596 1 2 3 Load Current (A) 4 5 Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves at Vin = 28V. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 5 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Figures Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (5V/div). Ch 3: ENA1 (5V/div). Figure 8: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and 1.5mF output capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (5V/div). Ch 3: ENA1 (5V/div). Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output capacitance initiated by Vin. ENA1 previously high. Ch 1: Vout (5V/ div). Ch 3: Vin (10V/div). Figure 10: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 50%-100%-50% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1F ceramic cap and 10F, 100m ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (2A/div). Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 0%-50%-0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1F ceramic cap and 10F, 100m ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (2A/ div). Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (16V - 50V - 16V) in 150S. Ch 1: Vout (100mV/div). Ch 3: Vin (20V/div). Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 6 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Figures Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 14) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 15). Figure 14: Input terminal current ripple, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with SynQor MQ filter module (50mA/div). Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 13. Figure 15: Output voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and rated load current (10mV/div). Load capacitance: 1F ceramic capacitor and 10F tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10MHz. See Figure 13. Figure 16: Rise of output voltage after the removal of a short circuit across the output terminals. Ch 1: Vout (5V/div). Ch 2: Iout (5A/ div). Data Pending Figure 17: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor MQHL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div). Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 7 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Figures 0 1 -10 Forward Transmission (dB) Output Impedance (ohms) -20 0.1 0.01 16V 28V 40V -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 16V -90 28V 40V -100 0.001 10 100 1,000 Hz 10,000 10 100,000 Figure 18: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout = vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 100 1,000 Hz 10,000 100,000 Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT = vout/vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. 10 100 10 Input Impedance (ohms) Reverse Transmission (dB) 0 -10 -20 -30 16V -40 28V 1 16V 0.1 28V 40V 40V -50 10 100 1,000 10,000 0.01 100,000 10 Hz 100 1,000 Hz 10,000 100,000 Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT = iin/ iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Figure 21: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/ iin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power. Figure 22: High frequency conducted emissions of standalone MQHL-28-05S, 5Vout module at 50W output, as measured with Method CE102. Limit line shown is the `Basic Curve' for all applications with a 28V source. Figure 23: High frequency conducted emissions of MQHL-28-05S, 5Vout module at 50W output with MQHE-28-P filter, as measured with Method CE102. Limit line shown is the `Basic Curve' for all applications with a 28V source. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 8 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Application Section BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES CONTROL FEATURES The MQHL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load, and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transformers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage transformation to achieve the output voltage required. ENABLE: The MQHL converter has one enable pin, ENA1 (pin 4), which is referenced with respect to the converter's input return (pin 2). It must have a logic high level for the converter to be enabled; a logic low inhibits the converter. Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the output of the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 550 kHz in the freerunning mode. Rectification of the isolation stage's output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than would Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQHL converters have such high efficiency, particularly at low output voltages. Besides improving efficiency, the synchronous rectifiers permit operation down to zero load current. There is no longer a need for a minimum load, as is typical for converters that use diodes for rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actually permit a negative load current to flow back into the converter's output terminals if the load is a source of short or long term energy. The MQHL converters employ a "backdrive current limit" to keep this negative output terminal current small. There is a control circuit in the MQHL converter that determines the conduction state of the power switches. It communicates across the isolation barrier through a magnetically coupled device. No opto-isolators are used. An input under-voltage shutdown feature with hysteresis is provided, as well as an input over-voltage shutdown and an output over-voltage limit. There is also an output current limit that is nearly constant as the load impedance decreases (i.e., there is not fold-back or fold-forward characteristic to the output current under this condition). When a load fault is removed, the output voltage rises exponentially to its nominal value without an overshoot. If a load fault pulls the output voltage below about 60% of nominal, the converter will shut down to attempt to clear the load fault. After a short delay it will try to auto-restart. The MQHL converter's control circuit does not implement an over-temperature shutdown. The following sections describe the use and operation of additional control features provided by the MQHL converter. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 The enable pin is internally pulled high so that an open connection will enable the converter. Figure A shows the equivalent circuit looking into the enable pin. It is TTL compatible and has hysteresis. 5V 82.5K PIN4 PIN2 ENA1 10K TO ENABLE CIRCUITRY IN RTN Figure A: Circuit diagram shown for reference only, actual circuit components may differ from values shown for equivalent circuit. SHUT DOWN: The MQHL converter will shut down in response to only five conditions: ENA input low, VIN input below under-voltage shutdown threshold, VIN input above over-voltage shutdown threshold, output voltage below the output under-voltage threshold, and output voltage above the output over-voltage threshold. Following any shutdown event, there is a startup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter from restarting for approximately 100ms. After the 100ms delay elapses, if the enable inputs are high and the input voltage is within the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise according to the "Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin" specification. REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the converter's output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10) directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the connection diagram on Page 2. Similarly, the -SENSE pin (pin 9) should be connected through a separate conductor to the return terminal of the load. NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired, the +SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout (pin 7) and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper regulation of the converter's output. If they are left open, the converter will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV higher than its specified value. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 9 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Application Section Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a 100 resistor and -SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a 10 resistor. It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the voltage across the converter's output terminals (pins 7 and 8) will be higher than the converter's nominal output voltage due to resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher voltage at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the converter's internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQHL converter's switching frequency can be synchronized to an external frequency source that is in the 500 kHz to 700 kHz range. A pulse train at the desired frequency should be applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the INPUT RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the 20% to 80% range. Its low value should be below 0.8V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, and its high value should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic high. The transition time between the two states should be less than 300ns. If the MQHL converter is not to be synchronized, the SYNC IN pin should be left open circuit. The converter will then operate in its free-running mode at a frequency of approximately 550 kHz. If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is held in either a logic low or logic high state continuously, or the SYNC IN frequency is outside the 500-700 kHz range, the MQHL converter will revert to its free-running frequency. The MQHL converter also has a SYNC OUT pin (pin 5). This output can be used to drive the SYNC IN pins of as many as ten (10) other MQHL converters. The pulse train coming out of SYNC OUT has a duty cycle of 50% and a frequency that matches the switching frequency of the converter with which it is associated. This frequency is either the free-running frequency if there is no valid synchronization signal at the SYNC IN pin, or the synchronization frequency if there is. The synchronization feature is entirely compatible with that of SynQor's MQFL family of converters. 5V 5K PIN 6 PIN 2 SYNC IN 5K TO SYNC CIRCUITRY 5V 5K SYNC OUT FROM SYNC CIRCUITRY IN RTN OPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT PIN 5 PIN 2 Figure C: Equivalent circuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: the TRIM pin (pin 11) can adjust the MQHL converter's output voltage 10% around its nominal value. To trim the output voltage above its nominal value, connect an external resistor from the TRIM pin to the -SENSE pin as shown in Figure D. The value of this trim up resistor should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E: Rtrim up() = 8300*Vnom Vout - Vnom - 41700 where: Vnom = the converter's nominal output voltage, Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), and Rtrim up is in Ohms. As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage stress on the converter's internal components and may cause the converter to fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and temperature range. Please consult the factory for details. To trim the output voltage below its nominal value, connect an external resistor (Rtrim down) between the TRIM pin and the +SENSE pin, and another resistor (Rtrim sense) connected between the TRIM pin and the -SENSE pin as shown in Figure D. The values of these trim down resistors should be chosen according to the following equation or from Figure E: Rtrim down() = 50100*Vout - 27500*Vnom - 137500 Vnom - Vout Rtrim sense() = 0.43 * Rtrim down() where: IN RTN Figure B: Equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin with respect to the IN RTN (input return) pin. Product # MQHL-28-15S Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN pin and Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC OUT pin. Phone 1-888-567-9596 Vnom = the converter's nominal output voltage, Vout = the desired output voltage (less than Vnom), and Rtrim down and Rtrim sense are in Ohms. Factory trimmed converters are available by request. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 10 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Application Section External Trim Resistance (kOhms) 10000 shutdown threshold does not change with output trim or sense drops; excessive trim-up or output wiring drops may cause an output over-voltage shutdown event. After a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. Trim Up Trim Down Trim Sense OUTPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter will also shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever dips below 60% of the nominal value for more than a few milliseconds. Output voltage reduction due to output current overload (current limit) is the most common trigger for this shutdown. The shutdown threshold does not change with output trim but at only 10%, trimdown should not trigger this event. After a startup inhibit delay, the converter will attempt to restart. This shutdown is disabled during startup. 1000 100 10 -10% -8% -6% -4% -2% 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% Output Voltage Adjustment Figure E: Trim up and Trim down as a function of external trim resistance. INPUT UNDER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter has an under-voltage shutdown feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too low. The input voltage turn-on threshold is higher than the turn-off threshold. In addition, the MQHL converter will not respond to a state of the input voltage unless it has remained in that state for more than about 200s. This hysteresis and the delay ensure proper operation when the source impedance is high or in a noisy environment. INPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be off if the input voltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and time delay to ensure proper operation. OUTPUT OVER-VOLTAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQHL converter will shut down if the voltage at its power output pins ever exceeds about 130% of the nominal value. The 28 Vdc + _ open means on BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs as synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy. This negative current is referred to as a "back-drive current". Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paralleled converters that do not employ current sharing. It can also occur when converters having different output voltages are connected together through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period of time during a shutdown transient. To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current, the MQHL converters limit the negative current that the converter can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this back-drive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the converter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared to the converter's rated output current. 1 +VIN 2 IN RTN N/C 12 TRIM 11 3 CASE 4 ENA 1 +SNS 10 -SNS 9 MQHL MQHL 5 SYNC OUT 6 SYNC IN R TRIM DOWN RTRIM UP / R TRIM SENSE + Load OUT RTN 8 +VOUT 7 _ Figure D: Typical connection for output voltage trimming. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 11 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Application Section CURRENT LIMIT: In the event of excess load, the MQHL converter will quickly reduce its output voltage to keep the load current within safe limits (see Figure 6). If the overload persists for more than 14 milliseconds, the converter will shut off, wait a restart delay, and then automatically attempt to re-start. The timeout is internally implemented with an integrator: counting up whenever current limit is active, and counting down at 1/5th the rate whenever current limit becomes inactive. In this way a series of short-duration overloads will not cause the converter to shut down, while it will shut down in response to sustained overloads. THERMAL CONSIDERTAIONS: Figure 5 shows the suggested Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the case temperature and the maximum desired power MOSFET junction temperature. All other components within the converter are cooler than its hottest MOSFET, which at full power is no more than 20C higher than the case temperature directly below this MOSFET. The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for a maximum component temperature of 105C. Figure 5 therefore has one power derating curve that ensures this limit is maintained. It has been SynQor's extensive experience that reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved with a maximum component temperature of 125C. In extreme cases, a maximum temperature of 145C is permissible, but not recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is required. Derating curves for these higher temperature limits are also included in Figure 5. The maximum case temperature at which the converter should be operated is 135C. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will help to make the converter's case bottom a uniform temperature. How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. Unless this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plate's temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy for them to be as much as 5-10C different at full power and at high temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached directly to the converter's case through a small hole in the plate when investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhesive might be used to hold the thermocouple in place. INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur because any dc-dc converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled "Input System Instability" is available on the SynQor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 12 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Stress Screening CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS Screening Consistent with MIL-STD-883F C-Grade (-40 C to +100 C) ES-Grade (-55 C to +125 C) (Element Evaluation) HB-Grade (-55 C to +125 C) (Element Evaluation) Internal Visual * Yes Yes Yes Temperature Cycle Method 1010 No Condition B (-55 C to +125 C) Condition C (-65 C to +150 C) Constant Acceleration Method 2001 (Y1 Direction) No 500g Condition A (5000g) Burn-in Method 1015 Load Cycled * 10s period * 2s @ 100% Load * 8s @ 0% Load 24 Hrs @ +125 C 96 Hrs @ +125 C 160 Hrs @ +125 C Final Electrical Test Method 5005 (Group A) +25 C -45, +25, +100 C -55, +25, +125 C Full QorSeal Full QorSeal Full QorSeal * Yes Yes QorSeal QorSeal QorSeal Mechanical Seal, Thermal, and Coating Process External Visual 2009 Construction Process * Per IPC-A-610 Class 3 MilQor converters and filters are offered in three variations of environmental stress screening options. All MilQor converters use SynQor's proprietary QorSealTM Hi-Rel assembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating of the circuit, a high performance thermal compound filler, and a nickel barrier gold plated aluminum case. Each successively higher grade has more stringent mechanical and electrical testing, as well as a longer burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also constructed of components that have been procured through an element evaluation process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 13 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Mechanical Diagrams MQHL-28-15S-U-ES PIN DESIGNATIONS DC-DC ConvErtEr 28vin 15vout @ 3.3A Pin # Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Case U Positive input Input return Case Enable 1 Sync output Sync input Positive output Output return - Sense + Sense Trim No connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: 3) Diameter: 0.040'' (1.02mm) Material: Copper Finish: Copper alloy with Gold over Nickel plating, followed by Sn/Pb solder dip All dimensions in inches (mm) 4) Tolerances: 5) Weight: 1.6 oz (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610 Class III 7) Pin 1 identification hole, not intended for mounting MQHL-28-15S-W-ES DC-DC ConvErtEr 28vin 15vout @ 3.3A a) x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) b) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) Case W Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 14 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Mechanical Diagrams MQHL-28-15S-X-ES PIN DESIGNATIONS DC-DC ConvErtEr 28vin 15vout @ 3.3A Pin # Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Case X Positive input Input return Case Enable 1 Sync output Sync input Positive output Output return - Sense + Sense Trim No connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: MQHL-28-15S-Y-ES DC-DC ConvErtEr 28vin 15vout @ 3.3A 3) 4) Diameter: 0.040'' (1.02mm) Material: Copper Finish: Copper alloy with Gold over Nickel plating, followed by Sn/Pb solder dip All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: a) x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) b) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610 Class III Pin 1 identification hole, not intended for mounting 7) Case Y Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 15 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Mechanical Diagrams PIN DESIGNATIONS MQHL-28-15S-Z-ES DC-DC ConvErtEr 28vin 15vout @ 3.3A Pin # Function 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Case Z Positive input Input return Case Enable 1 Sync output Sync input Positive output Output return - Sense + Sense Trim No connection NOTES 1) Case: Aluminum with gold over nickel plate finish for the C-, ES-, and HB-Grade products. 2) Pins: 3) 4) 5) Weight: 1.6 oz (45.4 g) typical 6) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610 Class III Pin 1 identification hole, not intended for mounting 7) Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Diameter: 0.040'' (1.02mm) Material: Copper Finish: Copper alloy with Gold over Nickel plating, followed by Sn/Pb solder dip All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: a) x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) b) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 16 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Ordering Information MilQor Converter FAMILY MATRIX The tables below show the array of MilQor converters available. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other requirements. Single Output Dual Output 1.5V (1R5S) 1.8V (1R8S) 2.5V (2R5S) 3.3V (3R3S) 5V (05S) 6V (06S) 7.5V (7R5S) 9V (09S) 12V (12S) 15V (15S) 28V (28S) 5V (05D) 12V (12D) 15V (15D) 40A 40A 40A 30A 24A 20A 16A 13A 10A 8A 4A 24A Total 10A Total 8A Total 40A 40A 40A 30A 24A 20A 16A 13A 10A 8A 4A 24A Total 10A Total 8A Total 40A 40A 40A 30A 20A 17A 13A 11A 8A 6.5A 3.3A 20A Total 8A Total 6.5A Total 40A 40A 40A 30A 20A 17A 13A 11A 8A 6.5A 3.3A 20A Total 8A Total 6.5A Total 40A 40A 40A 30A 24A 20A 16A 13A 10A 8A 4A 24A Total 10A Total 8A Total 1.5V (1R5S) 1.8V (1R8S) 2.5V (2R5S) 3.3V (3R3S) 5V (05S) 6V (06S) 7.5V (7R5S) 9V (09S) 12V (12S) 15V (15S) 28V (28S) 5V (05D) 12V (12D) 15V (15D) 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V 20A 20A 20A 15A 10A 8A 6.6A 5.5A 4A 3.3A 1.8A 10A Total 4A Total 3.3A Total 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V 20A 20A 20A 15A 10A 8A 6.6A 5.5A 4A 3.3A 1.8A 10A Total 4A Total 3.3A Total 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V 10A 10A 10A 7.5A 5A 4A 3.3A 2.75A 2A 1.65A 0.9A 5A Total 2A Total 1.65A Total 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 100V 10A 10A 10A 7.5A 5A 4A 3.3A 2.75A 2A 1.65A 0.9A 5A Total 2A Total 1.65A Total Full Size MQFL-28 16-40Vin Cont. 16-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFL-28E 16-70Vin Cont. 16-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin =100V MQFL-28V 16-40Vin Cont. 5.5-50Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 60V MQFL-28VE 16-70Vin Cont. 5.5-80Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 100V MQFL-270 155-400Vin Cont. 155-475Vin 1s Trans.* Absolute Max Vin = 550V Half Size MQHL-28 Single Output MQHL-28E MQHR-28 MQHR-28E Dual Output Check with factory for availability. 80% of total output current available on any one output. *Converters may be operated at the highest transient input voltage, but some component electrical and thermal stresses would be beyond MILHDBK-1547A guidelines. Product # MQHL-28-15S Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 17 MQHL-28-15S Output: Current: 15V 3.3A Ordering Information PART NUMBERING SYSTEM The part numbering system for SynQor's MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below. Not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact SynQor for availability. See the Product Summary web page for more options. Example: Input Voltage Range Model Name 28 28E 28V 28VE MQFL MQHL MQHR 270 MQHL-28-15S-Y-ES Output Voltage(s) Single Output Dual Output 1R5S 1R8S 2R5S 3R3S 05S 06S 7R5S 09S 12S 15S 28S 05D 12D 15D Package Outline/ Pin Configuration Screening Grade U X Y W Z C ES HB APPLICATION NOTES A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from the SynQor website. PATENTS SynQor holds the following U.S. patents, one or more of which apply to each product listed in this document. Additional patent applications may be pending or filed in the future. 5,999,417 6,222,742 6,545,890 6,577,109 6,594,159 6,731,520 6,894,468 6,896,526 6,927,987 7,050,309 7,072,190 7,085,146 7,119,524 7,269,034 7,272,021 7,272,023 7,558,083 7,564,702 7,765,687 7,787,261 8,023,290 8,149,597 Contact SynQor for further information: Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address: Product # MQHL-28-15S 978-849-0600 1-888-567-9596 978-849-0602 mqnbofae@synqor.com www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA Phone 1-888-567-9596 Warranty SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor. www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005372 Rev. A 04/09/12 Page 18