Document Number : MC34674
Rev. 2.0, 11/2008
Freescale Semiconductor
Advance Information
This document contains certain information on a new product.
Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice.
© Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2007-8. All rights reserved.
High Input Voltage Travel
Charger for Single-cell Li-Ion
Batteries
The MC34674 is a fully integrated single -cell Li-Ion and Li-Polymer
battery charger optimized for travel charger applications. The few
external components required include a du al-color LED for charge-
status indication, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor
circuit for setting the charge temperature window, and two decoupling
capacitors. The high input voltage, up to 28 V, allows low-cost AC/DC
converters to be used for further system cost reduction. A typical
charge cycle of the MC34674 includes tri ckl e, constant-current (CC)
and constant-voltage (CV) charge modes. The CC-mode current is
selectable from 50 mA to 1.05 A with 8% accuracy and the constant-
output voltage in the CV-mode is fixed at 4.2 V with 0.4% accuracy over
-20°C to 70°C temperature range.
The MC34674 has all the features such as trickle charging for a
deeply discharged battery, an internal timer for termination to prevent
charging a failed battery, charger current thermal foldback for thermal
protection, and smart battery connection verification to prevent
charging in case there is no battery connected. It also protects the
system with its input over-voltage protection (OVP) feature. In addition,
it has a 2.6 V falling power-on-reset (POR) threshold, making it perfect
to work with current limited power supplies. When the charger is
disabled, the BAT pin leaks less than 1.0 μA current from the battery.
All the above functions a re fit into a small 8-l e ad 2X3 UDFN pa cka g e.
Features
• No external MOSFET, reverse-blocking diode or current-
sense resistor are required
•28 V maximum input voltage rating with 11 V over-voltage
protection threshold
• Factory programmable charge current
• Trickle charge for fully discharged batteries
•±0.4% voltage accuracy over -20°C to 70°C
• Driving a dual-color LED and smart battery connection
verification optimized for travel charger applications
• Interface to NTC thermistor
• Internal timer and thermal current limit
• Small 2X3 mm2 thermally enhanced UDFN package
• Pb-free packaging designated by suffix code EP
Figure 1. 34674 Simplified Application Diagra m
POWER MANAGEMENT IC
EP SUFFIX (PB-FREE)
98ASA10774D
8-PIN UDFN
34674
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device Temperature
Range (TA)Package
Refer to Table 1,
Device Variations -40°C to 85°C 8 UDFN-EP
VIN
GND
RED
GRN
EN
BAT
VREF
TEMP
RPU
34674
RS
VIN TO BATTERY
TO BATTERY NTC
(THERMISTOR)
CIN COUT
ON
OFF
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
2Freescale Semiconductor
34674
DEVICE VARIATIONS
DEVICE VARIATIONS
Notes
1. Freescale offers a series of MC34674 variations. Each variation has an increment of 50 mA or 100 mA for the CC-mode current.
Table 1. Device Variations
Freescale Part No.(1) CC-Mode Current (ICHG)Reference Location
MC34674AEP/R2 1.05A Table 6
MC34674BEP/R2 850mA Table 6
MC34674CEP/R2 650mA Table 6
MC34674DEP/R2 450mA Table 6
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 3
34674
INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
INTERNAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 2. 34674 Simplified Internal Block Diagram
Logic
+
–
+
–
+–
+
–
Die
Temp
110°C
VIN
BAT
VOS
VREF
REF
Internal
VIN
Charge
Control
BAT
GND
VIN
RED
GRN
EN
6mA
6mA
NTC
Interface
Control
Supply
Monitor
VREF
TEMP
+
–
IEOC
+
–
IREF
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
4Freescale Semiconductor
34674
PIN CONNECTIONS
PIN CONNECTIONS
Figure 3. 34674 Pin Conne ctions
Table 2. 34674 Pin Definitions
A functional description of each pin can be found in the Functional Pin Description section beginning on page 12.
Pin Number Pin Name Pin Function Formal Name Definition
1VIN Input Input supply The supply input.
2GRN Output Green indicator Indication of the charge status. Open drain output with 6 mA current limit.
3RED Output Red indicator Indication of the charge status. Open drain output with 6 mA current limit.
4EN Input Enable Active-low enable logic input.
5GND Ground Ground Ground.
6TEMP Input NTC interface input The NTC thermistor interface pin.
7VREF Output NTC interface bias
voltage The bias voltage for the NTC interface circuit.
8BAT Output Charger output The charger output pin to the battery.
EPAD EPAD N/A Exposed pad Exposed pad for thermal dissipation enhancement. Must be soldered on
the large ground plane on the PCB to increase the thermal dissipation.
The pad must be connected to GND electrically.
BAT
VREF
TEMP
GND
VIN
GRN
RED
EN
EPAD
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 5
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM RATINGS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 3. Maximum Ratings
All voltages are with respect to ground unless otherwise noted. Exceeding these ratings may cause a malfunction or
permanent damage to the device.
Ratings Symbol Value Unit
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Input voltage range
VIN Pin
GRN and RED Pins
EN, BAT, REF and TEMP Pins
VIN
VGRN, VRED
VEN, VBAT,
VREF, VTEMP
-0.3 to 28
-0.3 to 12
-0.3 to 5.5
V
ESD Voltage(2)
Human Body Model (HBM)
Machine Model (MM)
VESD
±2000
±200
V
THERMAL RATINGS
Operating Temperature
Ambient
Junction TA
TJ
-40 to 85
-40 to 150
°C
Storage Temperature TSTG -65 to 150 °C
Thermal Resistance(3)
Junction-to-Case
Junction-to-Ambient RθJC
RθJA
10
70
°C/W
Peak Package Reflow Temperature During Reflow(4),(5) TPPRT Note 5 °C
Notes
2. ESD testing is performed in accordance with the Human Body Model (HBM) (CZAP = 100 pF, RZAP = 1500 Ω), and the Machine Model
(MM) (CZAP = 200 pF, RZAP = 0 Ω).
3. Device mounted on the Freescale EVB test board per JEDEC DESD51-2.
4. Pin soldering temperature limit is for 10 seconds maximum duration. Not designed for immersion soldering. Exceeding these limits may
cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device.
5. Freescale’s Package Reflow capability meets Pb-free requirements for JEDEC standard J-STD-020C. For Peak Package Reflow
Temperature and Moisture Sensitivity Levels (MSL), Go to www.freescale.com, search by part number [e.g. remove prefixes/suffixes
and enter the core ID to view all orderable parts. (i.e. MC33xxxD enter 33xxx), and review parametrics.
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
6Freescale Semiconductor
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 4. Static Electrical Characteristics
Characteristics noted under conditions VIN = 5.0 V, -40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, CIN = COUT = 1.0 μF (see Figure 1), unless otherwise
noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter means at VIN = 5.0 V and TA = 25°C under nominal conditions,
unless otherwise noted.
Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
POWER INPUT
Input Voltage Range(6) VIN 4.3 10 V
VIN Pin Supply Current
Charger enabled(7)
Charger disabled
IIN -
-1400
300 -
350
μA
Power On Reset
Rising VIN threshold
Falling VIN threshold
VPOR 3.0
--
2.4 3.9
2.6
V
Over-voltage Protection Rising Threshold VOVP 10 11 12 V
Over-voltage-Protection Threshold Hysteresis VOVPHYS -400 -mV
VIN-BAT Offset Voltage
Rising threshold
Falling threshold
VOS -
1.0 -
-60
22
mV
OUTPUT
Regulated Output Voltage(8)
VIN = 5.0 V; IBAT = 10 mA; TA = 25°C
VIN = 5.0 V; IBAT = 10 mA; TA = -20 to 70°C
VIN = 5.0 V; IBAT = 10 mA; TA = -40 to 85°C
VBAT 4.190
4.183
4.179
4.20
4.20
4.20
4.210
4.217
4.221
V
Power MOSFET On Resistance
VBAT = 4.0 V; IBAT = 0.5 A; ICHG = 1.05 A RDS(ON) -265 450 mΩ
BAT Pin Standby Current
VIN not powered or charger disabled
VIN powered and in charge completion state (average over 2
seconds)(7)
ISTDBY -
-2.0 -
-1.0
4.0
μA
CHARGE CURRENT
Constant-Current-Mode Charge Current MC34674A
MC34674B
MC34674C
MC34674D
ICHG 966
782
598
414
1050
850
650
450
1134
918
702
486
mA
Trickle-Mode Charge Current(9)
MC34674A
MC34674B
MC34674C
MC34674D
ITRKL 74
60
46
32
105
85
65
45
136
110
84
58
ICHG
Notes
6. Refer to the Power-on-Reset parameter for VIN turn on and turn off values.
7. Supply current does not include the current delivered to the battery through the BAT pin.
8. In the test mode, the charger still operates in CV mode after EOC.
9. Characterized over the temperature range -40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 7
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
STATIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
End-of-Charge (EOC) Threshold MC34674A
MC34674B
MC34674C
MC34674D
IEOC 84
68
52
34
105
85
65
45
126
102
78
57
mA
CHARGE THRESHOLDS
Trickle-mode Rising Threshold Voltage VTRKL 2.8 2.9 3.0 V
Trickle-mode Threshold Voltage Hysteresis VTRKLHYS -100 -mV
Recharge Falling Threshold Voltage VRECH 4.07 4.10 4.135 V
Recharge Threshold Voltage Hysteresis VTHRCHG -25 50 mV
BATTERY CONNECTION VERIFICATION
Battery Connection Verification Discharge Current (Over 0.8 to 5.0 V)(10) IDCHG 4.5 6.0 7.5 mA
Output Current in Charge Completion State(10) ICHGCM -24 -μA
Discharge Current in Charge Completion State During the 82 ms(10) IDCC -585 -μA
NTC INTERFACE
Low Temperature Rising Threshold(11) VLTRT 0.6592 2/3 0.6741 VREF
Low Temperature Falling Threshold(11) VLTFT -0.6468 -VREF
High Temperature Falling Threshold(11) VHTFT 0.3297 1/3 0.3389 VREF
High Temperature Rising Threshold(11) VHTRT -0.3441 -VREF
Die Thermal Limit TLIM 95 110 125 °C
LOGIC INPUT AND OUTPUT
EN Input High Threshold Voltage VIH 1.5 - - V
EN Input Low Threshold Voltage VIL - - 0.5 V
EN Pin Internal Pull-down Current IEN -2.0 7.5 μA
GRN and RED Sink Current
Pin voltage is between 0.8 V and 5.0 V IGRSINK 5.0 6.0 7.0 mA
Open-Drain Off Leakage
Biased at 5.0 V IODLEAK - - 1.0
μA
Notes
10. Not tested. Guaranteed by design.
11. These threshold parameters are specified as a ratio of VTEMP/VREF. Due to the negative temperature coefficient thermistor, VTEMP rises
when the temperature is falling from high to low, and VTEMP falls when the temperature is rising from low to high.
Table 4. Static Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Characteristics noted under conditions VIN = 5.0 V, -40 °C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, CIN = COUT = 1. 0 μF (see Figure 1), unless otherwise
noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter means at VIN = 5.0 V and TA = 25°C under nominal conditions ,
unless otherwise noted.
Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
8Freescale Semiconductor
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
DYNAMIC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 5. Dynamic Electrical Characteristics
Characteristics noted under conditions VIN = 5.0 V, -40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, CIN = COUT = 1.0 μF (see Figure 1), unless otherwise
noted. Typical values noted reflect the approximate parameter means at VIN = 5.0 V and TA = 25°C under nominal conditions,
unless otherwise noted.
Characteristic Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
END OF CHARGE
EOC Filtering Time(12) tEOC 500 -1000 ms
OSCILLATOR
Oscillator Frequency fOSC 40.0 50.0 60.0 kHz
INTERNAL TIMER
Safety Timer for Fast Charge Mode tFCM 3.68 4.6 5.52 Hour
Safety Timer for Trickle Charge Mode tTCM 0.46 0.575 0.69 Hour
ENABLE VERIFICATION
Enable Verification Time tEV -100 -ms
BATTERY CONNECTION VERIFICATION
Discharge Time in Charge Completion State(12) tDCCC -82 -ms
Discharge Repeating Time(12) tDR -1968 -ms
Notes
12. Not tested. Guaranteed by design.
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 9
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
Figure 4. Complete Charge Cycle
VIN = 5.0 V, ICHG = 650 mA, TA = 25°C
Figure 5. VBAT vs VIN
ICHG = 650 mA, IBAT = 0 mA, TA = 25°C
Figure 6. VIN Pin Supply Current vs VIN
ICHG = 650 mA, IBAT = 100 mA, TA = 25°C
Figure 7. Constant Charge Current vs VIN
ICHG = 650 mA, VBAT = 3.0 V, TA = 25°C
Figure 8. Trickle Charge Current vs VIN
ICHG = 650 mA, VBAT = 2.0 V, TA = 25°C
Figure 9. Charge Current vs VBAT
ICHG = 650 mA, VIN = 5.0 V, TA = 25°C
0 20406080100120
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Charge Current
VBAT (V)
Tim e (min )
Batte ry Volta g e
IBAT (mA)
4567891011
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
VBAT (V)
VIN (V)
24681012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
VIN Pin Supply Current (µA)
VIN (V)
Charger Enabled
Charger Disabled
45678910
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Constant Charge Current (mA)
VIN (V)
24681012
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Trickle Charge Current (mA)
VIN (V)
1.52.02.53.03.54.04.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Charge Current (mA)
VBAT (V)
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
10 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
Figure 10. VBAT vs Temperature
VIN = 5.0 V, ICHG = 650 mA, IBAT = 100 mA
Figure 11. Constant Charge Current vs Temp erature
ICHG = 650 mA, VIN = 5. 0 V, VBAT = 3.9 V
Figure 12. Trickle Charge Current vs Temp erature
ICHG = 650 mA, VIN = 5.0 V, VBAT = 2 V
Figure 13. RDS(ON) vs Temperature
ICHG =650 mA, VBAT = 4.0 V, IBAT = 600 mA
Figure 14. Recharge Voltage Threshold vs Temperat ure
VIN = 5.0 V, ICHG = 650 mA
Figure 15. BAT Pin Supply Current vs Temperature
ICHG = 650 mA, VBAT = 5.0 V
-40-200 20406080
4.180
4.185
4.190
4.195
4.200
4.205
4.210
VBAT (V)
Tem perature (°C)
-40-200 20406080
580
600
620
640
660
680
Constant Charge Current (mA)
Temperature (°C)
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Trickle Charge Current (mA)
Temperature (°C)
-40-200 20406080
200
250
300
350
400
450
RDS(ON) (mΩ)
Tem peratu re (°C)
-40-200 20406080
4.04
4.06
4.08
4.10
4.12
4.14
4.16
Recharge Voltage Threshold (V)
Temp erature (°C)
-40-200 20406080
-1
0
1
2
3
4
VIN = 5V, Cha r g er D i sa b led
BAT Pin Supply Current (µ A)
Temperature (°C)
VIN Pin Not Powered
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 11
34674
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE CURVES
Figure 16. VIN Pin Supply Current vs Temperature
ICHG = 650 mA, VBAT = 5.0 V, IBAT = 0 mA
-40-200 20406080
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Charger Disabled
VIN Pin Supply Current (µA)
Temp erature (°C)
Charger Enabled
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
12 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
INTRODUCTION
The MC34674 is a fully-integrated Li-Ion and Li-Polymer
battery charger optimized for travel charger or cradle charger
applications. It offers 28 V input-voltage rating for protection
against failed AC/DC converters, 0.2% output voltage
accuracy at room temperature, and the ability to operate with
a current-limited AC/DC output for minimum heat generation.
The MC34674 follows the standard charging profile with
trickle, constant-current (CC) and constant-voltage (CV)
charge modes, as shown in Figure 17. The trickle-mode
current ITRKL is pre-set to 10% of the CC-mode current ICHG
when the battery voltage is lower than the trickle-mode
threshold VTRKL. In the CC-mode, the output voltage
increases until it reaches 4.2 V. Then the charger enters the
CV -mode with the output voltage regulated at 4.2 V. The end-
of-charge (EOC) current threshold IEOC, which is utilized to
indicate the termination of a charge cycle, is preset to 10% of
the CC-mode current.
Other features include automatic recharging, internal
thermal regulation to prevent overheating the device, an
external NTC interface to prevent charging when the ambient
temperature is out of a set window, an internal timer for
safety, and smart battery connection verification.
Two indication outputs make it easy to report the input
power status and the charge status to users via LEDs.
Figure 17. Charge Profile
FUNCTIONAL PIN DESCRIPTION
INPUT SUPPLY VOLTAGE (VIN)
The supply input. This pin should be bypassed to ground
with a 1.0 μF capacitor.
GREEN INDICATOR (GRN)
Open-drain logic output to indicate the charging sta tu s.
This pin drives the green-color LED in a dual-color LED pack
with an internal 6.0 mA current source.
RED INDICATOR (RED)
Open-drain logic output to indicate the charging sta tu s.
This pin drives the red-color LED in a dual-color LED pack
with an internal 6.0 mA current source.
ENABLE (EN)
Active-low enable logic input. This pin is internally pulled to
ground by a weak current source. When the pin is left floating,
the charger is enabled. Pulling this pin to high voltage
externally disables the charger.
GROUND (GND)
Ground.
NTC INTERFACE INPUT (TEMP)
Negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor
interface pin. This pin is connected to an NTC thermistor in
the battery pack to monitor the battery temperature. A pull-up
resistor is required between the TEMP pin and VREF pin.
NTC INTERFACE BIAS VOLTAGE (VREF)
To supply bias voltage for the NTC interface circuit.
CHARGER OUTPUT (BAT)
Charger output pin. Connect this pin to the battery. This
pin should be bypassed to ground with a 1.0 μF or higher
capacitor.
EXPOSED PAD (EPAD)
Exposed pad. The pad must be soldered on the large
ground plane on the PCB to enhance the thermal
conductivity. The pad must be connected to GND electrically.
ICHG
Trickle CC CV
ITRKL IEOC
4.2V
VTRKL
Charge
Current
Charge
Voltage
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 13
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION
Figure 18. 34674 Functional Internal Block Diagram
INTEGRATED SUPPLY
INTERNAL SUPPLY AND REFERENCE
The internal supply and reference block steps down the
high input voltage to a lower voltage to power all the internal
control blocks. In addition, this block generates the reference
voltages for other functional blocks.
SENSING AND CONTROL
VIN MONITOR
The VIN monitor block monitors the input voltage for two
thresholds, power-on-reset (POR) an d ov er-voltage
protection (OVP). If the input is lower than the POR or higher
than the OVP threshold, this block outputs a logic signal to
disable the charger.
CHARGE CONTROL
The charge-control block controls the gate voltag e of the
power MOSFET to regulate the charge current, the battery
voltage, or the die temperature. It can also completely turn off
the power MOSFET to stop the current flow between the
input and the battery.
EOC (END OF CHARGE)
The EOC block monito rs the charge current and the
battery voltage for the EOC conditions. Once the EOC
conditions are reached, this block outputs a logic sig nal to
indicate the end of the charge.
VIN-BAT COMPARATOR
The VIN-BAT co mp a r at o r mo ni to rs th e vo l ta g e di fference
between the input voltage VIN and the battery voltage V BAT,
as shown in Figure 2. The input voltage has to be higher than
the battery voltage for the charger to be enabled. If the input
voltage falls below the battery voltage, this bloc k outputs a
signal to disable the charger to prevent the leakage current
from the battery to the input. Due to the intrinsic input offset
voltage of the VIN-BAT comparator, a small voltage, VOS, is
added. The added VOS guarantees that the power MOSFET
is turned off when the input voltage is lower than the battery
voltage.
DIE TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK
The die temperature feedback block monitors the di e
temperature. Once the die temperature reaches a threshold
of 110°C, the charge-control block can reduce the charge
current to prevent further temperature rise.
NTC INTERFACE
The NTC interface block offers an interface to an external
NTC thermistor circuit to monitor the battery temperature and
to set the charge temperature window.
MC34674 - Functional Block Diagram
Integrated Supply
Sensin
g
& Contro
l
M
OS
FET
P
ower MOSFE
T
Log
ic
Integrated Supply
Internal Supply & Reference
Sensing & Control
Logic
Die Tem
p
erature Feedbac
k
S
tatus Indication
V
IN - BAT Com
p
are
V
IN
M
on
i
to
r
C
harge
C
ontrol
Logic
C
ontro
l
NT
C
Th
e
rmi
s
t
o
r Int
e
r
face
End o
f
C
harge
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
14 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL INTERNAL BLOCK DESCRIPTION
LOGIC
LOGIC CONTROL AND STATUS INDICATION
The logic control block determines the on and off states of
the charger. It takes the signals from the VIN Monitor, VIN-
BAT comparator, EOC, NTC interface blocks, and the
external enable signal EN, and determines the on and off
states as well as the charge status indication outputs of the
charger. This block also contains the logic circuit for the
battery connection ve rification and the internal timer.
POWER MOSFET
The power MOSFET passes the charging current from the
input to the output.
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 15
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
OPERATIONAL MODES
The MC34674 moves through various charge states after
being powered, as shown in Figure 23. The following
describes each stat e i n de ta i l .
POWER-ON RESET (POR)
When the input voltage rises above the rising power-on-
reset (POR) threshold, the charger resets the internal timer,
preparing for the start of a charging cycle. The falling edge of
the POR threshold is less than 2.6 V, making the MC34674
ideal for working with a current-limited AC/DC converter.
POWER-PRESENCE VERIFICATION
After the POR, the MC34674 indica tes the power
presence to the users via a dual-color LED driven by the GRN
and RED pins. The indication is a sequence of four co lors
using the dual-color LED in the sequence of red, green,
yellow (by turning on both colors) and OFF (by turning off
both colors). Each color is on for 0.5 seconds.
ENABLE/DISABLE VERIFICATION
The charger then tries to validate the logic level of the EN
input. The EN input is an active-low input with a weak internal
pull-down circuit. Leaving the EN pin floating is equivalent to
a low input. If the EN stays at the low state for more than
100ms, the charger is enabled. This 100ms filter applies to
both the rising and the falling edges of the EN input to prevent
mis-triggering of the EN signal by any transient event such as
an ESD event. The EN input has to stay i n a ne w stat e
continuously for more than 100ms for the new state to be
recognized.
The VIN-BAT comparator output is also a condition for
enabling the charger. When the input voltage VIN is lower
than the BAT pin voltage VBAT by the VOS, the charger is
disabled and stays in the Enable Verification state.
BATTERY CONNECTION VERIFICATION
Once enabled, the charger starts to verify if a battery is
connected. The battery connection verification takes 0.5
seconds, during which the dual-color LED and the charger
are off. If a battery is found, the charger starts to enter the
trickle-charge mode; otherwise, it turns on the yellow color
LED for 1 second, then turns off the LED for 0.5 seconds, and
then tries to verify the connection again. The verification flow
creates an equivalent 0.5 Hz yellow blinking LED indication if
there is no battery connected. Once a battery is inserted, the
charger will detect it and enter the trickle-charge mode.
TRICKLE-CHARGE MODE
The charger always starts charging with the trickle-charge
mode. The trickle-charge mode current is set to 10% of the
constant-current (CC) charge mode current that is described
next. In trickle-charge mode the charger is on and the LED
indicates the red color. When entering the trickle-charge
mode, an internal timer is reset to start counting the total
trickle-charge time. In the meantime, the charger begins to
measure the battery voltage. If the battery voltage rises
above the trickle-charge threshold before the timer finishes,
the charge cycle will enter the fast-charge mode that is
described next. If the timer expires before the voltage
reaching the trickle-charge threshold, the battery is
determined to be a faulty battery and a TIMEOUT fault
indication is issued. Then the charger turns off and the LED
indicates a yellow color.
FAST CHARGE MODE
The fast charge contains two modes, the constant-current
(CC)-mode and the constant-voltage (CV)-mode. As shown
in Figure 17, the charge current is regulated at a constant
value in the CC-mode and the charger output voltage is
regulated at a constant 4.2 V in the CV-mode. The charge
current can be reduced by the die temperature regulati on
loop when the die temperature reached 110°C. The CC-
mode current is set internally by Freescale. Available values
are given in Table 6. Consult Freescale for values that are not
listed in Table 1.
Table 6. Customer Selectable CC-Mo de Current Values.
When entering the fast charge mode, the internal timer is
reset again to limit the total fast charge time. The time limit for
the fast charge mode is 8 times of that of the trickle-charge
mode. When the charge completion conditions are detected
or when the total charge time limit is reached, the charger
enters the charge completion state.
The LED indicates the red color in the fast charge mode.
CHARGE COMPLETION
The criterion for the charge completi on is for the charge
current to drop below the end-of-charge (EOC) threshold in
the CV-mode. The EOC threshold is set to 10% of the CC-
mode current. To ensure that no transient current will mis-
trigger the EOC indication, two additional criteria are required
to be met. The first one is, the battery voltage needs to be
above the recharge threshold. The second is, the charge
No. ICHG (mA) No. ICHG (mA)
150 9450
2100 10 500
3150 11 550
4200 12 650
5250 13 750
6300 14 850
7350 15 950
8400 16 1050
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
16 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
current needs to stay below the EOC threshold for more than
0.5 seconds. The charger is turned off and the LED indication
is green when charge completes.
If the total fast charge time limit is exceeded, the charger
also enters the charge comp letion state.
RECHARGE MODE
If the battery voltage drops below the recharge threshold
after charge completion, the charger will try to recharge the
battery to 4.2 V. Because the battery voltage drop can also
be caused by the removal of the battery, before starting
recharge, the charger tries to verify if the battery is still
present. If the battery is not found, then the connection fault
is issued again. If the battery is still connected, the charger
restarts charging to bring the battery to a full state. The LED
indication remains green in this mode.
The recharge mode has the same total charge time limit as
the fast charge mode. For any reason the battery voltage falls
below the trickle-charge threshold in the recharge mode, the
charger will enter the battery connection verification state
again, as shown in Figure 23.
TEMPERATURE AND OVER-VOLTAGE FAULT
The NTC interface block offers an interface to an external
NTC thermistor circuit to monitor the battery temperature.
When the battery temperature is out of a user-programmable
window, the charger is disabled and a fault condition is issued
with a yellow LED indication. When the fault conditions are
removed, the charger enters the battery connection
verification state. More detailed description on the NTC
interface is offered later in this datasheet.
The charger has an 11 V (typ.) input OVP threshold. When
the input voltage is higher than this threshold, the charging is
stopped and a fault condition is issued with a yellow LED
indication. When the input voltage falls below the OVP
threshold, the charger restarts charging and rese ts the
internal digital logic control block.
TIMEOUT FAULT
The TIMEOUT fault can only occur when the charger stays
in the trickle-charge mode for a period longer than the time
limit. The charger is turned off and a yellow LED indication is
issued when this fault occurs. The only path to exit this fault
is by toggling the EN input or by recycling the power input.
DETAILED FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
NTC INTERFACE
The MC34674 offers an inte rface to an external NTC
thermistor to monitor the battery temperature.
The low and high temperature thresholds in the Table 4
allow users to set a temperature window (such as 0°C to
50°C), within which the charging is allowed. If the battery
temperature is out of such a window, a temperature fault is
issued and the LED indicates a yellow color.
Figure 19 shows the intern al equivalent circuit f or the NTC
interface and the external NTC thermistor circuit. An internal
resistor divider that is powered by the VREF pin voltage,
VVREF, creates two refe re nce voltages, 1/3 V VREF and 2/3
VVREF. An external resistor divider also powered by VVREF
generates the voltage VTEMP to represent the battery
temperature. Because the resistance of the NTC thermistor,
RNTC, decreases as temperature rises, as shown in
Figure 20, VTEMP decreases as th e battery temperature
increases. Assume TCOLD and THOT are the two temperature
thresholds, such as 0°C and 50°C. When the battery
temperature falls below TCOLD, VTEMP rises above 2/3 VVREF
and an under-temperature fault is issued. Similarly, when the
battery temperature rises above THOT, VTEMP falls below 1/3
VVREF, so an over-temperature fault is issued. The
relationship between the internal and the external divider
voltages at the triggering points can be expressed as the
following:
equ. 1
where RNTC is the thermistor resistance at the given
temperature, and KX is the ratio of the internal divider at the
given triggering points (see Table 4). RU and RS represent a
pull-up resistor and a series resistor in the external resistor
divider respectively.
The resistance selection of RU and RS can be figured out
by the following two equations:
equ. 2
equ. 3
where KHOT and KCOLD are the resistor divider ratios for the
temperature thresholds THOT and TCOLD respectively; RHOT
and RCOLD are the NTC thermistor resistance at THOT and
TCOLD respectively. The typical values for KHOT and KCOLD
are 1/3 and 2/3 respectively, as given in Table 4.
Refer to the Application Information section for more
details regarding the RU and RS selection.
RNTC RS
+
RNTC RSRU
++
----------------------------------------- Kx
=
RHOT RS
+
RHOT RSRU
++
----------------------------------------- KHOT
=
RCOLD RS
+
RCOLD RSRU
++
---------------------------------------------KCOLD
=
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 17
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
Figure 19. Equivalent Circuit for the NTC Interface Figure 20. NTC Thermistor Resistance Characteristics
Figure 21. Battery Connection Verification Flow Chart
+
-
+
-
VREF
TEMP
CP1
CP2
Under
Temp
RU
RS
GND
Over
Temp
RNTC
R
R
R
2/3VVREF
1/3VVREF
TCOLD THOT
RCOLD
RHOT
Resistance
Temperature
START
Set VTRKL to 1. 5V
Disch arge the output with
6mA current for 250ms
Set VTRKL back to
normal voltage
VBAT < VTRKL ?
Tric kle charg e f o r
250ms
VTRKL < VBAT < VRECH ?
Set VTRKL back to
normal voltage Good
connection
Bad
connection
No
No
Yes
Yes
Battery Connection
Verification
Good
connection
Bad
connection
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
18 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONAL DEVICE OPERATION
BATTERY CONNECTION VERIFICATION
Battery connection verification is to ensure that the battery
is properly connected before the charging starts. The charger
does not start if the battery is short-circuited or open-
circuited. A fault indication is issued if the battery is not
connected properly. During the connection fault state, the
connection verification operates every 2 seconds in order for
the charger to recognize a newly inserted battery within 2
seconds.
The verification utilizes the fact that a battery voltage
cannot change very fast when being charged or discharged.
The charger first discharges the battery with 6mA current for
250 ms. If the battery voltage does not fall below the 1.5 V
threshold, then the battery is connected. Otherwise, the
charger charges the battery. If the voltage moves above the
recharge threshold or stays below 1.5 V within 250 ms, then
the battery is not connected properly (either open-circuited or
short-circuited). Figure 21 shows the flow chart for the battery
connection verification.
The MC34674 has a built-in mechanism to detect if the
battery is removed within 1.968 seconds during the charge
completion state. Figure 22 shows the simplified analog
circuit for this function. In each 1.968 second period, the
MC34674 tries to discharge the output with a 585 μA current
for 82ms. If during the 82 ms, the output voltage drops below
the recharge threshold, the charge r will enter the battery
connection verification state. Otherwise, the charger remains
in the charge completion state. To compensate for the
discharge caused by the 585 μA current, the charger outputs
a 24 μA current to the output during the whole 1.968 seconds.
Both the current and time values for this purpose are well
matched, the net output current is guaranteed within -4.0 μA
to +2.0 μA to the ou tput.
Figure 22. Simplified Battery Removal Detection Circuit.
THERMAL REGULATION
The charger has an internal thermal regulation loop. When
the internal temperature reaches 110°C, the charger starts to
reduce the charge current to prevent further temperature rise.
The current is reduced just enough to maintain the internal
temperature at 110°C. The thermal regulation loop removes
the concern of thermal failure.
INTERNAL TIMER
An internal timer is offered to set the time reference for the
charge time limit. The fast charge time is limited to 4.6 hours
(typ.) and the trickle-charge time is limited to 1/8 of the above
time.
FLEXIBLE LED INDICATION
The MC34674 has multiple LED indication schemes built
in. Consult Freescale for additional indication schemes.
CURRENT-LIMITED AC/DC REGULATOR
The MC34674 has a special low thermal charging
operation when powered with a current-limited AC/DC
regulator. In the operation, the charge current is limited by the
AC/DC regulator and the MC34674 opera tes as a switch
during the CC-mode to minimize the heat generation. Refer
to the Typical Applications section for more details.
ONOFF
BAT
24uA
585uA COUT
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 19
34674
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
STATE DIAGRAMS
STATE DIAGRAMS
Figure 23. 34674 Flow Chart
TEMP/OV FAULT
Charge r: OF F
LED: YELLOW
TRICKLE
CHARGE
Charger: ON
LED: RED
FAST CHARGE
Charger: ON
LED: RED
CHARGE
COMPLETION
Charger: OFF
LED: GREEN
RECHARGE
Charger: ON
LED: GREEN
BATTERY CONNECTION
FAULT
Charger: OFF
LED: YELLOW
VIN > VPOR
Good
connection
VBAT > VTRKL before 1/8
TIMEOUT completes
VBAT > VRECH
and ICHG < IEOC TIMEOUT
VBAT < VRECH
VBAT > VRECH and ICHG < IEOC
or
TIMEOUT completes
TEMP and OV
fault removed
Anytime a TEMP
or OV Fault
occurs (except in
TIMEOUT fault)
VBAT drops
below VTRKL
VBAT drops
below VTRKL
VBAT < VTRKL when 1/8
TIMEOUT completes
BATTERY CONNECTION
VERIFICAION
Charger: OFF
LED: OFF Bad
connection
TIMEOUT FAULT
Charger: OFF
LED: YELLOW
POWER PRESENCE
INDICATION
Charger: OFF
LED: RGYO
ENABLE
VERIFICATION
Charger: OFF
LED: OFF
Enabled
Disable
verified
Anytime EN pin
changes to
disable Disable not verified,
resume to previous
operation
DISABLE
VERIFICATION
Charger: unchange
LED: no change
PWR OFF
Charger: OFF
LED: OFF
Not
Enabled
BATTERY CONNECTION
VERIFICATION
Charger: OFF
LED: GREEN
Bad
connection
Good
connection
POR
Charger: OFF
LED: OFF
0.5-sec
DELAY
Charger: OFF
LED: OFF
EN pin
changes to
Disable
To Disable
Verification
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
20 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
The MC34674 can be used as a regular linear charger with
the charge current set internally. However, the best way of
using this device in the travel charger application is to use this
IC together with a current-limited AC/DC regulator. Select a
version with the internally set current higher than the target
charge current and then power the charger with an AC/DC
regulator whose output current is limited to a value lower.
This section introduces how to use the MC34674 with a
current-limited AC/DC regulator. Also discussed in this
section is the application informa tion.
CURRENT-LIMITED AC/DC REGULATOR
A current-limited AC/DC regulator has an output current
and voltage characteristics shown in Figure 24. The regulator
outputs a no load voltage, VNL, when the supply is not loaded.
As the load current increases, the output voltage remains
relatively constant. When the load current reaches the
current limit of the regulator, ILIM, the regulator output
behaves as a constant current source. Usually a current-
limited regulator output is specified in a range, as th e range
limited by the dotted lines.
OPERATION WITH CURRENT-LIMITED AC/DC
REGULATOR
The operation of the MC34674 when powered by a
current-limited regulator is dependent on the battery voltage.
Figure 25 and Figure 26 assist the explanation of the
operation.
When the battery voltage is lower than the trickle-charge
threshold, the MC34674 is in the trickl e mode. The trickle
mode current is typically lower than the current limit, ILIM, and
hence the AC/DC regulator output is a constant-voltage. The
MC34674 operates same as a regular linear charger.
Figure 24. AC/DC Regulator Output I/V Characteris tics.
The trickle-charge mode can be illustrated both on the I/V
characteristics plot in Figure 25 and the time domain charge
curve in Figure 26. In the I/V characteristics trajectory, the
battery voltage moves from point a to point b, representing
that the curren t remains at the trickle mode charge current,
ITRKL while the battery voltage moves from a value below the
trickle-charge threshold, VTRKL, to the trickle-charge
threshold. The AC/DC regulator output stays at point A during
the trickle mode with no changes for its output current and
voltage.
Figure 25. AC/DC Regulator Output and MC34674
Output I/V Characteristics.
Figure 26. Chargin g Wa veforms When Powered with
Current-Limited Regulators.
V
ILIM
VNL
I
I
V
ILIM
VNL A
B
ITRKL
IEOC
a
bc
d
eC
D
E
VTRKL
4.2V
ac/dc regulator
output
MC34674
output
VIN
VBAT
IBAT Time
Time
ab
cde
ABC
DE
A
ITRKL
ILIM
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
Freescale Semiconductor 21
34674
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
When the battery voltage rises above the trickle charge
threshold, the charger enters the CC-mode. The MC34674
tries to raise the charge current to the internally set reference,
such as 1.05 A, by enhancing the power MOSFET. However,
since the current provided by the AC/DC regulator is limited
and can never reach the set reference, the charger will keep
enhancing the MOSFET until it is fully enhanced and is fully
turned on. In this mode, the internal power MOSFET behaves
as a switch instead of a linearly regulating device. The
voltage difference between the input and the output is
determined by the on resistance, RDS(ON), of the power
MOSFET and the limited output current of the ad/dc
regulator.
The power dissipation, PD, in the MOSFET can be calculated
as,
The charge current in CC-mode is not determined by the
MC34674, instead, it is determined by the AC/DC regulator
current limit, ILIM, which is a value lower than the charger
internally set current reference. The internally set current
reference is used as a secondary protection threshold, in
case if an AC/DC regulator with a wrong current limit is
connected to the input.
The key advantage of using the MC34674 with a current-
limited AC/DC regulator is the significant reduction of the
power dissipation during the CC-mo de. Figure 26 illustrates
the small voltage difference between the input and the output
of the charger, which is directly proportional to the power
dissipation.
When entering the CC-mode, the charger outpu t I/V
trajectory jumps from point b to c and then moves from c to d
as the battery voltage rises to 4.2 V. The AC/DC regul ator
output trajectory moves from B to C, as shown in Figure 25.
When the battery volta ge reaches the target 4.2V, the
charger enters the CV-mode. The charge current starts to
decline and the AC/DC regulator output enters its constant-
voltage mode. The charger then operates as a regular linear
charger again until the charging completes. The battery I/V
trajectory moves from d to the EOC moment (point e) while
the AC/DC regulator output trajectory jumps from C to D and
then moves to E at the EOC moment.
BALANCING YELLOW COLOR IN LED
The red and the green colors in the LED are driven by two
matched 6.0 mA current sources. Such design ensured a
consistent brightness of the LED over a large range of the
input voltage. When both colors are turned on, the resulting
color should be yellow. One can adjust the resulting color by
adjusting the brightness of the individual color. A resistor can
be added to reduce the brightness of one color, such as the
R1 shown in Figure 27.
Figure 27. LED Color Balancing Scheme.
INPUT CAPACITOR
The input capacitor is used to reduce the input voltage
transient that may cause instability. A 1.0 μF, X5R, 16 V
rated ceramic capacitor is recommended for most
applications.
OUTPUT CAPACITOR
For stable operation, an X5R ceramic capacitor with a
minimum 1.0 μF nominal value is recommended at the
output. The output capacitance should not be larger than
240 μF to allow the 585 μA current to discharge the capacitor
voltage to the recharge threshold within 82 ms.
NTC INTERFACE DESIGN
The NTC interface is designed to be able to work with most
types of NTC thermistors. This section describes in details
how to select the two resistors RU and RS shown in
Figure 19. In addition, the hysteresis and the tolerance of the
temperature thresholds are discussed. The
NCP15W104F03RC from Murata is used as an example for
the calculations in this section. The partial temperature
characteristics of the NCP15W104F03RC are given in
Table 7.
Table 7. NTC Thermistor Tem perature Characteristics.
VIN VOUT
–I
LIM RDS ON()
×=
PDILIM ILIM RDS ON()
××=
Temp (°C) R-low (kΩ)R-center (kΩ)R-high (kΩ)
-2 389.2453 398.6521 408.2455
-1 368.4960 377.1927 386.0560
0348.9722 357.0117 365.1999
2313.2543 320.1216 327.1067
3296.9408 303.2866 309.7370
...
46 38.4596 39.2132 39.9778
47 36.8626 37.6010 28.3503
50 32.5022 33.1946 33.8983
53 28.7183 29.3660 30.0253
54 27.5694 28.2026 28.8474
GRN
VIN
RED
R1
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
22 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
APPLICATIONS
RU and RS Calculation
The two equations (equ. 2 and equ. 3) on page 16 can be
further simplified as the following by substi tuting the K HOT
and KCOLD with their typical values: equ. 4
equ. 5
The RS equation requires ,
otherwise, the RS calculation results in a negative value.
Assuming the target temperature window is from 0°C to
50°C, from Table 7 it can be found that RHOT = 33.1946 kΩ
and RCOLD = 357.0117 kΩ. Using equ. 4 and equ. 5, one can
find that
Temperature Hysteresis
The thermistor resistance can be fo und with equ. 1 on
page 16, which can be simplified as
equ. 6
Since the RS and RU have already been determined, the
thermistor resistance can be found by replacing the KX with
the Low Temperature Falling Threshold and the High
Temperature Rising Threshold given in Table 4. The
thermistor resistance at these two thresholds can be found as
From Table 7 it is found that rising threshold for the cold
temperature is about 2°C and the falling threshold for the hot
temperature is between 46 to 47°C. Therefore the hystereses
for the cold and the hot temperature is 2°C and 2 to 3°C
respectively.
Temperature Toleran ce
The equ. 6 is also the basis for tolerance calculation. The
errors of the internal voltage thresholds, external resistors
and the thermistor resistance all contribute to the
temperature error. For the low temperature threshold, TCOLD,
the maximum thermistor resistance happens when the
internal threshold is at its maximum, RU at its maximum and
the RS at its minimum value. Assuming 1% accuracy for both
RU and RS and taking the maximum value for the low
temperature threshold from Table 4, the maximum thermistor
resistance at the cold temperature is found to be
= equ. 7
= 377.0kΩ
which corresponds to -1.4°C in the R-low column of Table 7.
Similarly, the minimum thermistor resistance at the hot
temperature, RHOT,MIN, happens when the internal threshold
is at its minimum, RU at this minimum, and the RS at its
maximum. Using the same method, the RHOT,MIN can be
found to be 29.73 kΩ, which corresponds to 53°C
approximately.
Based on the above calculation, the tolerances for the cold
and the hot temperatures are about 1.4°C and 3°C
respectively.
ESD ENHANCEMENT
All pins in the MC34674 are ra ted 2.0 kV for the ESD
performance with the Human Body Model (HBM). The end
product usually requires higher ESP performance for the
nodes that can be touched by human hands in normal usage
of the end product. Three add itional capacitors can be used
to pass the ESD tests. Figure 28 shows how the three
capacitors (C3, C4, and C5) are connected in the circuit.
APPLICATIONS
Figure 28. 34674 Typical Application Circuit
C1 and C2 are for decoupling purposes. C3, C4 and C5
are to enhance the ESD performance of the travel charger or the cradle charger. C1 = 1.0 μF/16 V/X5R, C2 = 1.0μ F/6.3 V/
X5R, C3 = C4 = 0.1 μF/16 V/X5R, C5 = 0.1 μF/6.3 V/X5R.
RSRCOLD 4R
HOT
×()–()3⁄=
RU2R
COLD RHOT
–()×3⁄=
RCOLD 4R
HOT
×≥
RS74.74kΩ=
RU215.9kΩ=
RNTC KXRSRU
+()⋅RS
–
1K
X
–
--------------------------------------------------
=
RHOT
′38.51kΩ=
RCOLD
′320.6kΩ=
RCOLD MAX,
0.6741 74.74 0.99×215.9 1.01×+()×74.74 0.99×()–
1 0.6741–
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GND
RU
RS
C1
C2
C3C4
C5NTC
VIN
GRN
TEMP
VREF
BAT
EN
RED
Current
Limited
AC/DC
Regulator
Analog Integrated Circuit Device Data
24 Freescale Semiconductor
34674
PACKAGING
PACKAGING DIMENSIONS
EP SUFFIX
8-PIN
98ASA10774D
REVISION 0
MC34674
Rev. 2.0
11/2008
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