1/13June 2004
VN21
ISO HIGH SIDE SMART POWER SOLID STATE RELAY
REV. 2
Table 1. General Features
Note: 1. In= Nominal current according to ISO definition for high
side automotive switch. The Nominal Current is the
current at Tc = 85 °C for battery voltage of 13V which
produces a voltage drop of 0.5 V.
■MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OUTPUT
CURRENT (note 2): 23 A @ Tc= 85°C
■5V LOGIC LEVEL COMPATIBLE INPUT
■THERMAL SHUT-DOWN
■UNDER VOLTAGE PROTECTION
■OPEN DRAIN DIAGNOSTIC OUTPUT
■INDUCTIVE LOAD FAST DEMAGNETIZATION
■VERY LOW STAND-BY POWER
DISSIPATION
DESCRIPTION
The VN21 is a monolithic device made using
STMicroelectronics VIPower Technology,
intended for driving resistive or inductive loads
with one side grounded.
Built-in thermal shut-down protects the chip from
over temperature and short circuit.
The open drain diagnostic output indicates: open
load in off state and in on state, output shorted to
VCC and overtemperature. Fast demagnetization
of inductive loads is achieved by negative (-18V)
load voltage at turn-off.
Note: 2. The maximum continuous output current is the current at
Tc = 85 °C for a battery voltage of 13 V which does not
activate self protection
Figure 1. Package
Table 2. Order Codes
Type VDSS RDS(on) In (1) VCC
VN21 60 V 0.05 Ω7 A 26 V
PENTAWATT
(vertical)
PENTAWATT
(horizontal)
PENTAWATT
(in-line)
Package Tube Tape and Reel
PENTAWATT Vert. VN21 —
PENTAWATT Hor. VN21(011Y) —
PENTAWATT In line VN21(012Y) —
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
VN21
2/13
Figure 2. Block Diagram
Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
V(BR)DSS Drain-Source Breakdown Voltage 60 V
IOUT Output Current (cont.) at Tc = 85 °C 23 A
IRReverse Output Current at Tc = 85 °C –23 A
IIN Input Current ±10 mA
– VCC Reverse Supply Voltage –4 V
ISTAT Status Current ±10 mA
VESD Electrostatic Discharge (1.5 kΩ, 100 pF) 2000 V
Ptot Power Dissipation at Tc = 85 °C 48 W
TjJunction Operating Temperature -40 to 150 °C
Tstg Storage Temperature -55 to 150 °C
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
3/13
VN21
Figure 3. Connection Diagram
Figure 4. Current and Voltage Conventions
Table 4. Thermal Data
Symbol Parameter Value Unit
Rthj-case Thermal Resistance Junction-case Max 1.35 °C/W
Rthj-amb Thermal Resistance Junction-ambient Max 60 °C/W
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
VN21
4/13
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VCC = 13 V; –40 ≤ Tj ≤ 125 °C unless otherwise specified)
Table 5. Power
Note: 3. In= Nominal current according to ISO definition for high side automotive switch. The Nominal Current is the current at Tc = 85 °C
for battery voltage of 13V which produces a voltage drop of 0.5 V.
Table 6. Switching
Note: 4. See Switching Time Waveforms.
Table 7. Logic Input
Note: 5. The VIH is internally clamped at 6V about. It is possible to connect this pin to an higher voltage via an external resistor calculated
to not exceed 10 mA at the input pin.
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VCC Supply Voltage 5.5 13 26 V
In(3) Nominal Current Tc = 85 °C; VDS(on) ≤ 0.5 7 A
Ron On State Resistance IOUT = 7 A
IOUT = 7 A; Tj = 25 °C
0.10
0.05
Ω
Ω
ISSupply Current Off State; Tj ≥ 25 °C
On State
50
15
µA
mA
VDS(MAX) Maximum Voltage Drop IOUT = 20 A; Tc = 85 °C 1.8 V
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
td(on)(4) Turn-on Delay Time Of
Output Current
IOUT = 7 A; Resistive Load
Input Rise Time < 0.1 µs
60 µs
tr(4) Rise Time Of Output
Current
IOUT = 7 A; Resistive Load
Input Rise Time < 0.1 µs
70 µs
td(off)(4) Turn-off Delay Time Of
Output Current
IOUT = 7 A; Resistive Load
Input Rise Time < 0.1 µs
90 µs
tf(4) Fall Time Of Output
Current
IOUT = 7 A; Resistive Load
Input Rise Time < 0.1 µs
25 µs
(di/dt)on Turn-on Current Slope IOUT = 7 A
IOUT = IOV
0.08 0.5
1
A/µs
A/µs
(di/dt)off Turn-off Current Slope IOUT = 7 A
IOUT = IOV
0.2 3
3
A/µs
A/µs
Vdemag Inductive Load Clamp
Voltage
IOUT = 7 A; L = 1 mH –24 –18 –14 V
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VIL Input Low Level Voltage 0.8 V
VIH Input High Level Voltage 2 Note 5 V
VI(hyst) Input Hysteresis Voltage 0.5 V
IIN Input Current VIN = 5 V
VIN = 2 V
VIN = 0.8 V 25
250 500
250
µA
µA
µA
VICL Input Clamp Voltage IIN = 10 mA
IIN = –10 mA
5.5 6
–0.7 –0.3
V
V
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
5/13
VN21
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (cont’d)
Table 8. Protections and Diagnostics
Note: 6. IOL(off) = (VCC -VOL)/ROL (see figure 5).
7. t1(on): minimum open load duration which activates the status output;
t1(off): minimum load recovery time which desactivates the status output;
t2(off): minimum on time after thermal shut down which desactivates status output;
tpovl tpol: ISO definition (see figure 6).
Figure 5. Note 6 relevant figure Figure 6. Note 7 relevant figure
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VSTAT Status Voltage Output Low ISTAT = 1.6 mA 0.4 V
VUSD Under Voltage Shut Down 5 V
VSCL Status Clamp Voltage ISTAT = 10 mA
ISTAT = –10 mA
6
–0.7
V
V
IOV Over Current RLOAD < 10 mΩ; –40 ≤ Tc ≤ 125 °C 140 A
IAV Average Current in Short Circuit RLOAD < 10 mΩ; Tc = 85 °C 2.5 A
IOL Open Load Current Level 5 300 700 mA
TTSD Thermal Shut-down Temperature 140 °C
TRReset Temperature 125 °C
VOL(6) Open Load Voltage Level Off-State 2.5 3.75 5 V
t1(on)(7) Open Load Filtering Time 1 5 10 ms
t1(off)(7) Open Load Filtering Time 1 5 10 ms
t2(off)(7) Open Load Filtering Time 1 5 10 ms
tpovl(7) Status Delay 5 10 µs
tpol(7) Status Delay 50 700 µs
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
VN21
6/13
Figure 7. Switching Time Waveforms
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The device has a diagnostic output which
indicates open load conditions in off state as well
as in on state, output shorted to VCC and
overtemperature. The truth table shows input,
diagnostic and output voltage level in normal
operation and in fault conditions. The output
signals are processed by internal logic. The open
load diagnostic output has a 5 ms filtering. The
filter gives a continuous signal for the fault
condition after an initial delay of about 5 ms. This
means that a disconnection during normal
operation, with a duration of less than 5 ms does
not affect the status output. Equally, any re-
connection of less than 5 ms during a
disconnection duration does not affect the status
output. No delay occur for the status to go low in
case of overtemperature conditions. From the
falling edge of the input signal the status output
initially low in fault condition (over temperature or
open load) will go back with a delay (tpovl) in case
of overtemperature condition and a delay (tpol) in
case of open load. These feature fully comply with
International Standard Office (I.S.O.) requirement
for automotive High Side Driver.
To protect the device against short circuit and over
current conditions, the thermal protection turns the
integrated Power MOS off at a minimum junction
temperature of 140 °C. When the temperature
returns to 125 °C the switch is automatically turned
on again. In short circuit the protection reacts with
virtually no delay, the sensor being located in the
region of the die where the heat is generated.
Driving inductive loads, an internal function of the
device ensures the fast demagnetization with a
typical voltage (Vdemag) of -18V.
This function allows to greatly reduce the power
dissipation according to the formula:
Pdem = 0.5 • Lload • (Iload)2 • [(VCC+Vdemag)/
Vdemag] • f
where f = switching frequency and
Vdemag = demagnetization voltage
Based on this formula it is possible to know the
value of inductance and/or current to avoid a
thermal shut-down. The maximum inductance
which causes the chip temperature to reach the
shut down temperature in a specific thermal
environment, is infact a function of the load current
for a fixed VCC, Vdemag and f.
PROTECTING THE DEVICE AGAIST LOAD
DUMP - TEST PULSE 5
The device is able to withstand the test pulse No.
5 at level II (Vs = 46.5V) according to the ISO T/R
7637/1 without any external component. This
means that all functions of the device are
performed as designed after exposure to
disturbance at level II. The VN21 is able to
withstand the test pulse No.5 at level III adding an
external resistor of 150 ohm between pin 1 and
ground plus a filter capacitor of 1000 µF between
pin 3 and ground (if RLOAD ≤ 20 Ω).
PROTECTING THE DEVICE AGAINST
REVERSE BATTERY
The simplest way to protect the device against a
continuous reverse battery voltage (-26V) is to
insert a Schottky diode between pin 1(GND) and
ground, as shown in the typical application circuit
(Figure 10).
The consequences of the voltage drop across this
diode are as follows:
– If the input is pulled to power GND, a negative
voltage of -Vf is seen by the device. (VIL, VIH
thresholds and VSTAT are increased by Vf with
respect to power GND).
– The undervoltage shutdown level is increased
by Vf.
If there is no need for the control unit to handle
external analog signals referred to the power
GND, the best approach is to connect the
reference potential of the control unit to node [1]
(see application circuit in Figure 11), which
becomes the common signal GND for the whole
control board avoiding shift of VIH, VIL and VSTAT.
This solution allows the use of a standard diode.
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
7/13
VN21
Table 9. Truth Table
Figure 8. Waveforms
Figure 9. Over Current Test Circuit
Input Output Diagnostic
Normal Operation L
H
L
H
H
H
Open Circuit (No Load) H H L
Over-temperature H L L
Under-voltage X L H
Short load to VCC LHL
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
VN21
8/13
Figure 10. Typical Application Circuit With A Schottky Diode For Reverse Supply Protection
Figure 11. Typical Application Circuit With Separate Signal Ground
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
9/13
VN21
PACKAGE MECHANICAL
Table 10. PENTAWATT (vertical) Mechanical Data
Figure 12. PENTAWATT (vertical) Package Dimensions
Note: Drawing is not to scale.
Symbol millimeters
Min Typ Max
A4.8
C1.37
D2.4 2.8
D1 1.2 1.35
E0.35 0.55
F 0.8 1.05
F1 1 1.4
G3.23.43.6
G1 6.6 6.8 7
H2 10.4
H3 10.05 10.4
L2 23.05 23.4 23.8
L3 25.3 25.65 26.1
L5 2.6 3
L6 15.1 15.8
L7 6 6.6
Dia. 3.65 3.85
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
VN21
10/13
Table 11. PENTAWATT (horizontal) Mechanical Data
Figure 13. PENTAWATT (horizontal) Package Dimensions
Note: Drawing is not to scale.
Symbol millimeters
Min Typ Max
A4.8
C1.37
D2.4 2.8
D1 1.2 1.35
E0.35 0.55
F 0.8 1.05
F1 1 1.4
G3.23.43.6
G1 6.6 6.8 7
H2 10.4
H3 10.05 10.4
L 14.2 15
L1 5.7 6.2
L2 14.6 15.2
L3 3.5 4.1
L5 2.6 3
L6 15.1 15.8
L7 6 6.6
Dia. 3.65 3.85
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
11/13
VN21
Table 12. PENTAWATT (in-line) Mechanical Data
Figure 14. PENTAWATT (in-line) Package Dimensions
Note: Drawing is not to scale.
Symbol millimeters
Min Typ Max
A4.8
C1.37
D2.4 2.8
D1 1.2 1.35
E0.35 0.55
F 0.8 1.05
F1 1 1.4
G3.23.43.6
G1 6.6 6.8 7
H2 10.4
H3 10.05 10.4
L2 23.05 23.4 23.8
L3 25.3 25.65 26.1
L5 2.6 3
L6 15.1 15.8
L7 6 6.6
Dia. 3.65 3.85
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
VN21
12/13
REVISION HISTORY
Table 13. Revision History
Date Revision Description of Changes
September-1994 1 First Issue
18-June-2004 2 Stylesheet update. No content change.
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s) Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
13/13
VN21
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not
authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics.
All other names are the property of their respective owners
© 2004 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved
STMicroelectronics GROUP OF COMPANIES
Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan -
Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States
www.st.com
Obsolete Product(s) - Obsolete Product(s)
