AS1977-T - austriamicrosystems AG

AS1976, AS1977

Ultra-Low Current, 1.8V Comparators

Data Sheet

www.austriamicrosystems.com Revision 1.01 1 - 17

1 General Description

The AS1976/AS1977 are very low-current comparators

that can operate beyond the rail voltages and are guar-

anteed to operate down to 1.8V

Low input bias current, current-limiting output circuitry,

and ultra-small packaging make these comparators

ideal for low-power 2-cell applications including power-

management and power-monitoring systems.

The comparators are available as the standard products

listed in Table 1.

The AS1976 push/pull output can sink or source current.

The AS1977 open-drain output can be pulled beyond

VCC to a maximum of 6V > VEE. This open-drain model

is ideal for use as a logic-level transl ator or bipolar-to-

unipolar converter.

Large internal output drivers provide rail-to-rail output

swings with loads up to 8mA. Both devices feature built-

in battery power-management and power-monitoring cir-

cuitry.

The AS1976/AS1977 are available in a 5-pin SOT23

package.

Figure 1. Block Diagram

2 Key Features

! CMOS Push/Pull Output Sinks and Sources 8mA

(AS1976)

! CMOS Open-Drain Output V oltage Extends Beyond

VCC (AS1977)

! Ultra-Low Supply Current: 200nA

! Internal Hysteresis: 3mV

! 3V-to5V Logiv-Level Translation

! Guaranteed to Operate Down to +1.8V

! Input Voltage Range Operates 200mV Beyond the

Rails

! Crowbar Current-Free Switching

! No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs

! 5-pin SOT23 Package

3 Applications

The devices are ideal for battery monitoring/manage-

ment, mobile communication devices, laptops and

PDAs, ultra-low-power systems, threshold detectors/dis-

criminators, telemetry and remote systems, medical

instruments, or any other space-limited application with

low power-consumption requirements.

Table 1. Standard Products

Model Output Type Current

AS1976 Push/Pull 200nA

AS1977 Open-Drain 200nA

AS1976/

AS1977

–

VCC

IN+ 1

OUT

VEE

IN-

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - P i n o u t

4 Pinout

Pin Assignments

Figure 2. Pin Assignments (Top View)

Pin Descriptions

Table 2. Pin Descriptions

Number Pin Name Description

1OUT

Comp arator Output

EE Negative Supply Voltage

3IN+

Comp ara t or No n-I nv e rt ing Inpu t

4IN-

Comparator Inverting Input

CC Positive Supply Volt age

5VCC

AS1976/

AS1977

4IN-

VEE

IN+

1OUT

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - A b s o l u te M a x i mu m R a t in g s

5 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses beyo n d th o s e li st ed in Table 3 may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only,

and functional operation of the device at these or any othe r conditions beyond those indicated in Section 6 Electrical

Characteristics on page 4 is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may

affect device reliability.

Table 3. Absolute Maximum Ratings

Parameter Min Max Units Comments

Supply Voltage VCC to VEE +7 V

Voltage Inputs IN+, IN- VEE

- 0.3 VCC

+ 0.3 V

Output Voltage AS1976, AS1978 VEE

- 0.3 VCC

+ 0.3 V

Output Current -50 +50 mA

Output Short-Circuit Duration 10 s

Continuous Power Dissipation 571 mW Derate at 7.31mW/ºC above +70ºC

Operating Tempe ra tu r e Range -40 +85 ºC

Storage Temperature Range -65 +150 ºC

Package Body Temperature +260 ºC

The reflow peak soldering temperature (body

temperature) specified is in accordance with IPC/

JEDEC J-STD-020C “Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity

Classification for Non-Hermetic Solid State

Surface Mount Devices”.

The lead finish for Pb-free leaded packages is

matte tin (100% Sn).

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - E l e c t ri c a l C ha r a c t e r is t i c s

6 Electrical Characteristics

VCC = +5V, VEE = 0, VCM = 0, TAMB = -40 to +85ºC (unless otherwise specified). Typ values are at TAMB = +25ºC.

Table 4. AS1976/AS1977 Electrical Characteristics

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

VCC Supply Voltage Range Inferred from the PSRR test 1.8 5.5 V

ICC Supply Current VCC = 1.8V 0.2 µAVCC = 5V, TAMB = +25ºC 0.21 0.5

VCC = 5V, TAMB = TMIN to TMAX 0.9

VCM Input Common-Mode

Voltage Range Inferred from CMRR test VEE

- 0.2 VCC

+ 0.2 V

VOS Input Offset Voltage

-0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V),

TAMB = +25ºC 1 15

-0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V),

TAMB = TMIN to TMAX 10

VHB Input-Referred

Hysteresis -0.2V ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V) 23mV

IBInput Bias Curren t 3 TAMB = +25ºC 0.15 1 nA

TAMB = TMIN to TMAX 2

IOS Input Offset Current 10 pA

PSRR Power-Supply

Rejection Ratio VCC = 1.8 to 5.5V, TAMB = +25ºC 0.05 1 mV/V

CMRR Common-Mode

Rejection Ratio (VEE - 0.2V) ≤ VCM ≤ (VCC + 0.2V),

TAMB = +25ºC 0.2 3 mV/V

VCC - VOH Output Voltage Swing

High

TAMB = +25ºC,

AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA 220 500

TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,

AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA 650

TAMB = +25ºC

AS1976 only VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA 80 200

TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,

AS1976 only VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA 300

VOL Output Voltage Swing

Low

TAMB = +25ºC,

AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA 220 500

TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,

AS1976 only VCC = 5.5V, ISINK = 8mA 650

TAMB = +25ºC,

VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA 70 200

TAMB = TMIN to TMAX,

VCC = 1.8V, ISOURCE = 1mA 300

ILEAK Output Leakage

Current AS1977 only, V OUT = 5.5V 0.001 1 µA

ISC Output Short-Circuit

Current

Sourcing, VOUT = VEE, VCC = 5.5V 50

Sourcing, VOUT = VEE, VCC = 1.8V 6

Sinking, VOUT = VCC, VCC = 5.5V 70

Sinking, VOUT = VCC, VCC = 1.8V 5

tPD-High-to-Low

Propagation Delay 4VCC = 1.8V 10 µs

VCC = 5.5V 12

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - E l e c t ri c a l C ha r a c t e r is t i c s

tPD+ Low-to-High

Propagation Delay 4

AS1976 only, VCC = 1.8V 13

µs

AS1976 only, VCC = 5.5V 15

AS1977 only , VCC = 1.8V, RPULUP = 100kΩ 16

AS1977 only , VCC = 3.6V, RPULUP = 100kΩ 18

tRISE Rise T ime AS1976 only, CLOAD = 15pF 10 ns

tFALL Fall Time CLOAD = 15pF 10 ns

tON Power-Up Time 100 ns

1. VOS is defined as the center of the hysteresis band at the input.

2. The hysteresis-related trip points are defined as the edges of the hysteresis band, measured with respect to the

center of the band (i.e., VOS) (see Figure 26 on page 11).

3. Guaranteed by design.

4. Specified with an input overdrive voltage (VOVERDRIVE) = 100mV, and load capacit ance (CLOAD) = 15pF. VOVER-

DRIVE is defined above and beyond the offset voltage and hysteresis of the comparator input. A reference volt-

age error should also be added.

Table 4. AS1976/AS1977 Electrical Characteristics (Continued)

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a ti n g C h a r ac t e r i s ti c s

7 Typical Operating Characteristics

Figure 3. ICC vs. VCC and Temperature Figure 4. ICC vs. Temperature

Figure 5. ICC vs. Output Transition Frequency Figure 6. VOL vs. ISINK

Figure 7. VOL vs. ISINK and Temperature Figure 8. VOH vs. ISOURCE

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

-40 -15 10 35 60 85

Temperature (°C)

Supply Current (nA) .

100

200

300

400

500

1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5

Supply V oltage (V )

Supply Current (nA) .

+25ºC

+85ºC

-40ºC

VCC = 5V VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000

Output Transition Frequency (H z)

Supply Current (µA) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

100

200

300

400

500

600

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Sink Current (mA)

Output Voltage Low (mV) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 5 10 15 20

Source Current (mA)

VCC-VOH (mV) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V VCC = 3V

100

200

300

400

500

600

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Sink Current (mA)

Output Voltage Low (mV) .

+25ºC

+85ºC

-40ºC

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a ti n g C h a r ac t e r i s ti c s

Figure 9. VOH vs. ISOURCE and Temperature Figure 10. Short Circuit Sink Current vs. Temperature

Figure 11. Short Circuit Source Current vs. Temperature Figure 12. tPD+ vs. Temperature

Figure 13. tPD- vs. Temperature Figure 14. tPD- vs. Capacitive Load

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 5 10 15 20

Source Current (mA)

VCC-VOH (mV) .

+25ºC

-40ºC

+85ºC

100

-40 -15 10 35 60 85

Temperature (°C)

Sink Current (mA) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

-40 -15 10 35 60 85

Temperature (°C)

tPD+ (µs) .

-40 -15 10 35 60 85

Temperature (°C)

Source Current (mA) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

100

125

150

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Capacitive Load (nF)

tPD- (µs) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

-40 -15 10 35 60 85

Temperature (°C)

tPD- (µs) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a ti n g C h a r ac t e r i s ti c s

Figure 15. tPD+ vs. Capacitive Load Figure 16. tPD+ 5V

Figure 17. tPD- 5V Figure 18. tPD+ 3V

Figure 19. tPD- 3V Figure 20. tPD+ 1.8V

Out

4µs/Div

100mV/Div 2V/Div

In+

100

150

200

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Capacitive Load (nF)

tPD+ (µs) .

VCC = 5V

VCC = 1.8V

VCC = 3V

Out

4µs/Div

100mV/Div 2V/Div

In+

Out

4µs/Div

100mV/Div 2V/Div

In+

Out

4µs/Div

100mV/Div 1V/Div

In+

Out

4µs/Div

100mV/Div 2V/Div

In+

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - Ty p i c a l O p e r a ti n g C h a r ac t e r i s ti c s

Figure 21. tPD- 1.8V Figure 22. 10kHz Response @ 1.8V

Figure 23. 1kHz Response @ 5V Figure 24. Powerup/Powerdown Response

20µs/Div

Out

100mV/Div 1V/Div

In+

Out

4µs/Div

100mV/Div 1V/Div

In+

Out

40µs/Div

2V/Div 2V/Div

VCC

Out

200µs/Div

100mV/Div 2V/Div

In+

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - D e t a il e d D e sc r i p t i on

8 Detailed Description

The AS1976/AS1977 are ultra low-current comparators and are guaranteed to operate with voltages as low as +1.8V.

The common-mode input voltage range extends 20 0mV beyond the rail voltages, and internal hysteresis ensures

clean output switchin g, even with slow input signals.

The AS1976 push/pull output stage sinks and sources-current. The AS1977 open-drain output stage can be pulled

beyond VCC to an absolut e ma ximum of 3.6V > VEE. The AS1979/AS1977 are perfect for implementing wired-OR out-

put logic functions.

For all comparators, large internal output drivers allow rail-to-rail output swings with loads of up to 8mA. The output

stage design minimizes supply-current surges during switchin g, eliminating most power supply transients.

Input Stage

The input common-mode voltage range extends from (VEE - 0.2V) to (VCC + 0.2V), and the comparators can operate at

any differential input voltage within this range. The comparators have very low input bias current (±0.15nA, typ) if the

input voltage is within the common-mode voltage range.

Inputs are protected from over-voltage conditions by int ernal ESD protect ion diodes connected to the supply rails. As

the input voltage exceeds the supply rails, these ESD protection diodes are forward bia s ed and begin to conduct.

Output Stage

The break-before-make outpu t stage is capable of rail-to-rail op eration with loads up to 8mA. Many comparators con-

sume orders of magnitude more current during switch ing than during steady-state operation.

Even at loads of up to 8mA, changes in supply-current during an output transition are extremely small (see Figure 5 on

page 6). As shown in Figure 5, the minimal supply current increases as the output switching frequency approaches

1kHz. This characteristic reduces the need for power-suppl y filter capacitors to reduce transients created by compara-

tor switching currents.

Because of the unique design of its output stage, the AS1976/AS1977 can dramatically increase battery life, even in

high-speed applicatio ns.

www.austriamicrosystems.com Revision 1.01 11 - 17

AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - A p p l i ca t i o n In f o r m a t io n

9 Application Information

The AS1976/AS1977 comparators are perfe ct for use with all 2-cell battery-powered ap plications. Figure 25 shows a

typical application for the AS1977.

Figure 25. AS1977 Typical Application Circuit

Internal Hysteresis

The comparators were designed with 3mV of internal hysteres is to ne utralize the effects of parasitic feedback, i.e., to

prevent unwanted rapid changes between the two out put states.

The internal hysteresis in the AS1976/AS1977 creates two tr ip points:

! Rising Input V olt age (VTHR) – The comparator switches its output from low to high as VIN rises above this trip point.

! Falling Input Voltage (VTHF) – The comparator switches its output from high to low as VIN falls below this trip point.

The area between the trip points is the hysteresis band (VHB) (see Figure 26). When the AS197 6/AS1977 input volt-

ages are equivalent, th e hysteresis effectively causes one input to move quickly past the other, thus taking the input

out of the region where oscill ation occurs. In Figure 26 IN- has a f ixed voltage applied and IN+ is varied.

Note: If the inputs are reversed the output will be inverted.

Figure 26. Threshold Hysteresis Band

AS1977 RPULLUP

VIN

IN-

OUT

VCC

VEE

IN+

OUT

VTHR

VTHF

IN-

Thresholds

Hysteresis

Band

VHB

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - A p p l i ca t i o n In f o r m a t io n

Additional Hysteresis (AS1976)

Additional hysteresis can be added to the AS1976 and AS1978 with three resistors and positive feedback (see Figure

27), however, this positive feedback method slows hysteresis response ti me.

Figure 27. AS1976 Additional Hysteresis

Resistor Selection Example

For the circuit shown in Figure 27, use the following steps to calculate values for R1, R2, and R3.

1. First select the value fo r R3. Leakage current at IN is less than 2nA, thus the current through R3 should be at least

0.2µA to minimize errors due to leakage current. The current through R3 at the trip point is:

(VREF - VOUT)/R3(EQ 1)

Taking int o consideration the two possible output states, solving for R3 yields two formulas:

R3 = VREF/IR3 (EQ 2)

R3 = (VCC - VREF)/IR3 (EQ 3)

Use the smaller of the two resu lting values for R3. For example, for VREF = 1.245V, VCC = 3.3V, and IR3 = 1µA, the

two resistor values are 1.2M Ω and 2.0MΩ, therefore choose a 1.2M Ω standard resistor for R3.

2. Choose the required hysteresis band (VHB). For this example, choose 33mV.

3. Calculate R1 as:

R1 = R3(VHB/VCC)(EQ 4)

Substituting th e R 1 and VHB example values gives:

R1 = 1.2MΩ(50mV/3.3V) = 12kΩ

4. Choose the trip point f or V IN rising (VTHR) such that VTHR > VREF(R1 + R3)/R3. For this example, choose 3V.

5. Calculate R2 as:

R2 = 1/[VTHR/(VREF x R1) - (1/R1) - (1/R3)] (EQ 5)

Substituting th e R 1 and R3 example values gives:

R2 = 1/[3.0V/(1.2V x 12kΩ) - (1/12kΩ) - (1/1.2MΩ)] = 8.05kΩ

In this example, a standard 8.2kΩ resistor sh ould be used for R2.

6. Verify the trip voltages and hysteresis as:

VTHR = VREF x R1[(1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3)] (EQ 6)

VTHF = VTHR - (R1 x VCC/R3)(EQ 7)

Hysteresis = VTHR - VTHF (EQ 8)

OUT

R3VCC

VIN

VREF

VEE

VCC

–

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - A p p l i ca t i o n In f o r m a t io n

Additional Hysteresis (AS1977)

Additional hysteresis can be added to the AS1977 and AS1979 with 4 resistors and positive feedback (see Figure 28).

Figure 28. AS1977 Additional Hysteresis

Resistor Selection Example

For the circuit shown in Figure 28, use the following steps to calculate values for R1, R2, R3, and R4.

1. Select R3 according to one of these formulas:

R3 = VREF/1µA (EQ 9)

R3 = (VCC - VREF)/1µA - R4(EQ 10)

Use the smaller of the two resulting resistor values for R3.

2. Choose the hysteresis band required (VHB).

3. Calculate R1 as:

R1 = (R3 + R4)(VHB/VCC) (EQ 11)

4. Choose the trip point f or V IN rising (VTHR).

5. Calculate R2 as:

R2 = 1/[VTHR/(VREF x R1) - (1/R1) - 1/R3](EQ 12)

6. Verify the trip voltages and hysteresis as:

VIN rising: VTHR = VREF[R1(1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3)] (EQ 13)

VIN falling: VTHF = VREF[R1(1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/(R3+R4))] - [1/(R3+R4)]VCC (EQ 14)

Hysteresis = VTHR - VTHF (EQ 15)

Zero-Crossing Detector

Figure 29 shows the AS1976 in a zero-cro ssing detector circuit. The invert ing input (IN-) is connected to ground, and

the non-inverting inpu t (IN+) is connected to a 100mVp-p signal source. When the signal at IN- crosses 0V, the signal

at OUT changes states.

Figure 29. Zero Crossing Detector

VEE

VCC

–

VCC

VREF

VIN OUT

–

100mVp-p

–

AS1976

VCC

IN+ 1

OUT

VEE

IN-

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - A p p l i ca t i o n In f o r m a t io n

Logic-Level Translation

The AS1977 can be used as a 5V-to-3V logic translator. Figure 30 shows an application that converts 5V- to 3V-logic

levels, and provides the full 5V logic-swing without creating overvoltage on the 3V logic inputs.

Note: When the comparator is powered by a 5V supply, RPULUP for the open-drain output should be connected to the

+3V supply voltage.

For 3V-to-5V logic-level translations, connect the +3V supply voltage to VCC and the +5V supply voltage to RPULUP.

Figure 30. AS1977 Logic-Level Translation Circuit

Layout Considerations

The AS1976/AS1977 requires proper layout and design techniques for optimum performance.

! Power-supply bypass capacitors are not typically required, altho ugh 100nF bypass capacitors should be placed

close to the AS1976/AS1977 supply pins when supply impedance is high, leads are long, or for excessive noise on

the supply lines.

! Minimize signal trace lengths to reduce stray capacitance.

! A ground plane should be used.

! Surface-mount components should be used whenever practical.

AS1977

RPullup

+5/+3V

Logic Out

+3/+5V

+5/+3V

Logic In

100kΩ

+3/+5V

Logic-Level Translator

VCC

IN+

OUT

VEE

REF

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - P a c k age Drawings and Markings

10 Package Drawings and Markings

The AS1976/AS1977 are availab le in a 5-pin SOT23 package.

Figure 31. 5-pin SOT23 Package

Notes:

1. Controlling dimension is millimeters.

2. Foot length measured at intercept point between datum A and lead surface.

3. Package outline exclusi ve of mold flash and metal burr.

4. Package outline inclu s ive of solder plating.

5. Meets JEDEC MO178.

Symbol Min Max

A0.901.45

A1 0.00 0.15

A2 0.90 1.30

b0.300.50

C0.090.20

D2.803.05

E2.603.00

E1 1.50 1.75

L0.300.55

e 0.95 REF

e1 1.90 REF

α0º 8º

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet - O r d e r in g I n f or m a t i o n

11 Ordering Information

The devices are available as t he standard products shown in Table 5.

Table 5. Ordering Information

Type Marking Description Output Type Delivery Form Package

AS1976 ASI9 Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator Push/Pull Tube 5-pin SOT23

AS1976-T ASI9 Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator Push/Pull Tape and Reel 5-pin SOT23

AS1977 ASJA Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator Open-Drain Tube 5-pin SOT23

AS1977-T ASJA Ultra-Low Current 1.8V Comparator Open-Drain Tape and Ree l 5-pin SOT23

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AS1976/AS1977

Data Sheet

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the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. au striami-

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to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with austriamicrosystems AG for current information.

This product is intended for use in normal commercial a pplications. Applications r equiring extended temperature

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production flow, such as test flow or test location.

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