Am186 ER and Am188 ER TM TM High-Performance, 80C186- and 80C188-Compatible, 16-Bit Embedded Microcontrollers with RAM DISTINCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS n n n n n E86TM family 80C186- and 80C188-compatible microcontrollers with enhanced bus interface -- Lower system cost with high performance -- 3.3-V 0.3-V operation with 5-V tolerant I/O Memory integration -- 32 Kbyte of internal SRAM -- Internal SRAM provides same performance as zero-wait-state external memory High performance -- 25-, 33-, 40- and 50-MHz operating frequencies -- Supports zero-wait-state operation at 50 MHz with 55-ns external memory -- 1-Mbyte memory address space -- 64-Kbyte I/O space Enhanced features provide faster access to memory and various clock input modes -- Nonmultiplexed address bus provides glueless interface to external RAM and ROM -- Phase-locked loop (PLL) enables processor to operate at up to four times clock input frequency Enhanced integrated peripherals -- Thirty-two programmable I/O (PIO) pins -- Asynchronous serial port allows full-duplex, 7-bit or 8-bit data transfers D GENERAL DESCRIPTION R The Am186TMER and Am188TMER microcontrollers are par t of the AMD E86TM family of embedded microcontrollers and microprocessors based on the x86 architecture. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are the ideal upgrade for designs requiring 80C186/80C188 microcontroller c o m p a t i b i l i t y, i n c r e a s e d p e r f o r m a n c e, s e r i a l communications, a direct bus interface, and integrated memory. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers integrate memory and the functions of the CPU, nonmultiplexed address bus, timers, chip selects, interrupt controller, DMA controller, PSRAM controller, w a t c h d o g t i m e r, a s y n c h r o n o u s s e r i a l p o r t , synchronous serial interface, and programmable I/O (c) Copyright 2006 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. n -- DMA to and from asynchronous serial port -- Synchronous serial interface allows half-duplex, bidirectional data transfer to and from ASICs -- Reset configuration register -- Additional external interrupts -- Hardware watchdog timer can generate NMI or system reset -- Pseudo static RAM (PSRAM) controller includes auto refresh capability Familiar 80C186 peripherals with enhanced functionality -- Two independent DMA channels -- Programmable interrupt controller with six external interrupts -- Three programmable 16-bit timers -- Programmable memory and peripheral chip-select logic -- Programmable wait state generator -- Power-save clock mode Software-compatible with the 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers Widely available native development tools, applications, and system software Available in the following packages: -- 100-pin, thin quad flat pack (TQFP) -- 100-pin, plastic quad flat pack (PQFP) A n n n T F (PIO) pins on one chip. Compared to the 80C186/ 8 0 C 1 8 8 m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r s, t h e A m 1 8 6 E R a n d Am188ER microcontrollers enable designers to reduce the size, power consumption, and cost of embedded systems, while increasing functionality and performance. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers have been designed to meet the most common requirements of embedded products developed for the communications, office automation, mass storage, and general embedded markets. Specific applications include feature phones, cellular phones, PBXs, multiplexers, modems, disk drives, hand-held terminals and desktop ter minals, fax machines, printers, photocopiers, and industrial controls. Publication# 20732 Rev: E Amendment/0 Issue Date: March 2006 Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER BLOCK DIAGRAM INT2/INTA0 INT3/INTA1/IRQ CLKOUTA INT1/SELECT INT4 TMROUT0 INT0 CLKOUTB TMRIN0 NMI X2 X1 GND Interrupt Control Unit Watchdog Timer (WDT) Control Registers Execution Unit Control Registers TMRIN1 Timer Control Unit 0 1 (WDT) Max Count B Registers Max Count A Registers 16-Bit Count Registers Control Registers RES Control Registers ARDY SRDY Refresh Control Unit A PSRAM Control Unit S2 S1/IMDIS S0/SREN DT/R DEN HOLD HLDA S6/ CLKSEL1 UZI/ CLKSEL2 DRQ0 DRQ1 DMA Unit 2 0 1 20-Bit Source Pointers 20-Bit Destination Pointers 16-Bit Count Registers Control Registers T F Control Registers VCC Clock and Power Management Unit TMROUT1 R 32 Kbyte SRAM (16K x 16) Bus Interface Unit D A19-A0 Control Registers WLB AD15-AD0 WR BHE/ADEN PIO31- PIO0* Control Registers Asynchronous Serial Port TXD RXD Control Registers Chip-Select Unit Synchronous Serial Interface RD WHB PIO Unit SCLK PCS6/A2 LCS/ONCE0 SDATA SDEN0 SDEN1 PCS5/A1 MCS3/RFSH MCS2-MCS0 PCS3-PCS0 UCS/ONCE1 ALE Note: * All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 30 and Table 3 on page 36 for information on shared functions. 2 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER BLOCK DIAGRAM INT2/INTA0 INT3/INTA1/IRQ CLKOUTA INT1/SELECT INT4 TMROUT0 INT0 CLKOUTB TMRIN0 NMI X2 X1 Clock and Power Management Interrupt Control Unit Watchdog Timer (WDT) Control Registers Control Registers GND DRQ1 DMA Unit Timer Control Unit 0 1 (WDT) 2 Max Count B Registers Max Count A Registers 16-Bit Count Registers Control Registers RES Control Registers ARDY SRDY Refresh Control Unit A PSRAM Control Unit S2 S1/IMDIS S0/SREN DT/R DEN HOLD HLDA S6/ CLKSEL1 UZI/ CLKSEL2 DRQ0 0 1 20-Bit Source Pointers 20-Bit Destination Pointers 16-Bit Count Registers Control Registers T F Control Registers VCC Execution Unit TMROUT1 TMRIN1 R 32 Kbyte SRAM (32K x 8) Bus Interface Unit D WB WR RFSH2/ADEN ALE Asynchronous Serial Port Chip-Select Unit TXD RXD Control Registers Synchronous Serial Interface SCLK PCS6/A2 LCS/ONCE0 AD7-AD0 PIO31- PIO0* Control Registers RD A19-A0 AO15-AO8 Control Registers PIO Unit SDATA SDEN0 SDEN1 PCS5/A1 MCS3/RFSH MCS2-MCS0 PCS3-PCS0 UCS/ONCE1 Notes: * All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 30 and Table 3 on page 36 for information on shared functions. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 3 ORDERING INFORMATION Standard Products AMD standard products are available in several packages and operating ranges. The order numbers (valid combinations) are formed by a combination of the elements below. Am186ER -50 V C \W LEAD FORMING \W=Trimmed and Formed TEMPERATURE RANGE C = ER Commercial (TC =0C to +100C) I = ER Industrial (TA =-40C to +85C) where: TC = case temperature where: TA = ambient temperature T F PACKAGE TYPE V=100-Pin Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP) K=100-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) SPEED OPTION -25 = 25 MHz -33 = 33 MHz -40 = 40 MHz -50 = 50 MHz A DEVICE NUMBER/DESCRIPTION Am186ER = High-Performance, 80C186-Compatible, 16-Bit Embedded Microcontroller with RAM Am188ER = High-Performance, 80C188-Compatible, 16-Bit Embedded Microcontroller with RAM Valid Combinations Am186ER-25 Am186ER-33 D Am186ER-40 Am186ER-50 Am188ER-25 Am188ER-33 Am188ER-40 R VC\W or KC\W Valid Combinations Valid combinations list configurations planned to be supported in volume for this device. Consult the local AMD sales office to confirm availability of specific valid combinations and to check on newly released combinations. VC\W or KC\W Am188ER-50 Am186ER-25 Am186ER-33 Am186ER-40 KI\W or VI\W Am186ER-50 Am188ER-25 Am188ER-33 Am188ER-40 KI\W or VI\W Am188ER-50 4 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet TABLE OF CONTENTS Distinctive Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 1 General Description ..................................................................................................................... 1 Am186TMER Microcontroller Block Diagram ................................................................................ 2 Am188TMER Microcontroller Block Diagram ................................................................................ 3 Ordering Information .................................................................................................................... 4 List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. 9 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 9 Revision History ......................................................................................................................... 10 E86TM Family of Embedded Microprocessors and Microcontrollers .......................................... 12 Related Documents ....................................................................................................... 13 Demonstration Board Products ...................................................................................... 13 Third-Party Development Support Products ............................................................................13 Customer Service .......................................................................................................... 13 Key Features and Benefits ........................................................................................................ 14 Application Considerations ............................................................................................ 14 Comparison of the Am186TMER and 80C186 Microcontrollers ................................................. 15 TQFP Connection Diagram and Pinouts--Am186TMER Microcontroller ................................... 16 TQFP Pin Assignments--Am186TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Number) ...................... 17 TQFP Pin Assignments--Am186TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Name) .......................... 18 TQFP Connection Diagram and Pinouts--Am188TMER Microcontroller ................................... 19 TQFP Pin Assignments--Am188TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Number) ...................... 20 TQFP Pin Assignments--Am188TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Name) ......................... 21 PQFP Connection Diagram and Pinouts--Am186TMER Microcontroller ................................... 22 PQFP Pin Assignments--Am186TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Number) ...................... 23 PQFP Pin Assignments--Am186TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Name) ......................... 24 PQFP Connection Diagram and Pinouts--Am188TMER Microcontroller ................................... 25 PQFP Pin Assignments--Am188TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Number) ...................... 26 PQFP Pin Assignments--Am188TMER Microcontroller (Sorted by Pin Name) ......................... 27 Logic Symbol--Am186TMER Microcontroller ............................................................................. 28 Logic Symbol--Am188TMER Microcontroller ............................................................................. 29 Pin Descriptions ......................................................................................................................... 30 Pins Used by Emulators ................................................................................................. 30 A19-A0 (A19/PIO9, A18/PIO8, A17/PIO7) .................................................................... 30 AD7-AD0 ....................................................................................................................... 30 AD15-AD8 (Am186TMER Microcontroller) ..................................................................... 30 AO15-AO8 (Am188TMER Microcontroller) ..................................................................... 30 ALE ................................................................................................................................ 31 ARDY ............................................................................................................................. 31 BHE/ADEN (Am186TMER Microcontroller Only) ............................................................ 31 CLKOUTA ...................................................................................................................... 31 CLKOUTB ...................................................................................................................... 31 DEN/PIO5 ...................................................................................................................... 31 DRQ1-DRQ0 (DRQ1/PIO13, DRQ0/PIO12) ................................................................. 32 DT/R/PIO4 ..................................................................................................................... 32 GND ............................................................................................................................... 32 HLDA ............................................................................................................................. 32 HOLD ............................................................................................................................. 32 INT0 ............................................................................................................................... 32 INT1/SELECT ................................................................................................................ 32 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 ......................................................................................................... 33 INT3/INTA1/IRQ ............................................................................................................. 33 INT4/PIO30 .................................................................................................................... 33 D R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 5 LCS/ONCE0 ................................................................................................................... 33 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 ....................................................................................................... 33 MCS2-MCS0 (MCS2/PIO24, MCS1/PIO15, MCS0/PIO14) .......................................... 34 NMI ................................................................................................................................ 34 PCS3-PCS0 (PCS3/PIO19, PCS2/PIO18, PCS1/PIO17, PCS0/PIO16) ...................... 34 PCS5/A1/PIO3 ............................................................................................................... 34 PCS6/A2/PIO2 ............................................................................................................... 34 PIO31-PIO0 (Shared) .................................................................................................... 35 RD .................................................................................................................................. 35 RES ................................................................................................................................ 35 RFSH2/ADEN (Am188TMER Microcontroller Only) ........................................................ 35 RXD/PIO28 .................................................................................................................... 35 S2 ................................................................................................................................... 35 S1/IMDIS ........................................................................................................................ 37 S0/SREN ........................................................................................................................ 37 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 ....................................................................................................... 37 SCLK/PIO20 .................................................................................................................. 37 SDATA/PIO21 ................................................................................................................ 37 SDEN1/PIO23, SDEN0/PIO22 ....................................................................................... 37 SRDY/PIO6 .................................................................................................................... 38 TMRIN0/PIO11 .............................................................................................................. 38 TMRIN1/PIO0 ................................................................................................................ 38 TMROUT0/PIO10 .......................................................................................................... 38 TMROUT1/PIO1 ............................................................................................................ 38 TXD/PIO27 ..................................................................................................................... 38 UCS/ONCE1 .................................................................................................................. 38 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 ..................................................................................................... 38 VCC ................................................................................................................................ 39 WHB (Am186TMER Microcontroller Only) ...................................................................... 39 WLB (Am186TMER Microcontroller Only) ........................................................................ 39 WB (Am188TMER Microcontroller Only) ......................................................................... 39 WR ................................................................................................................................. 39 X1 ................................................................................................................................... 39 X2 ................................................................................................................................... 39 Functional Description ............................................................................................................... 40 Memory Organization ..................................................................................................... 40 I/O Space ....................................................................................................................... 40 Bus Operation ............................................................................................................................ 41 Bus Interface Unit ...................................................................................................................... 41 Nonmultiplexed Address Bus ......................................................................................... 41 Byte Write Enables ........................................................................................................ 41 Output Enable ................................................................................................................ 41 Pseudo Static RAM (PSRAM) Support .......................................................................... 44 Peripheral Control Block (PCB) ................................................................................................. 44 Reading and Writing the PCB ........................................................................................ 44 Clock and Power Management .................................................................................................. 44 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) ............................................................................................. 44 Crystal-Driven Clock Source .......................................................................................... 45 External Source Clock ................................................................................................... 45 System Clocks ............................................................................................................... 48 Power-Save Operation ................................................................................................... 48 Initialization and Processor Reset .................................................................................. 48 Reset Configuration Register ......................................................................................... 48 D 6 R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Chip-Select Unit ......................................................................................................................... 49 Chip-Select Timing ......................................................................................................... 49 Ready and Wait-State Programming ............................................................................. 49 Memory Maps ................................................................................................................ 50 Chip-Select Overlap ....................................................................................................... 51 Upper Memory Chip Select ............................................................................................ 51 Low Memory Chip Select ............................................................................................... 51 Midrange Memory Chip Selects ..................................................................................... 51 Peripheral Chip Selects ................................................................................................. 52 Internal Memory ......................................................................................................................... 52 Interaction with External RAM ........................................................................................ 52 Emulator and Debug Modes .......................................................................................... 52 Refresh Control Unit .................................................................................................................. 53 Interrupt Control Unit ................................................................................................................. 53 Programming the Interrupt Control Unit ......................................................................... 53 Timer Control Unit ...................................................................................................................... 53 Watchdog Timer ........................................................................................................................ 54 Direct Memory Access ............................................................................................................... 54 DMA Operation .............................................................................................................. 55 Asynchronous Serial Port/DMA Transfers ..................................................................... 55 DMA Channel Control Registers .................................................................................... 55 DMA Priority ................................................................................................................... 55 Asynchronous Serial Port .......................................................................................................... 56 DMA Transfers through the Serial Port .......................................................................... 56 Synchronous Serial Interface ..................................................................................................... 56 Four-Pin Interface .......................................................................................................... 57 Programmable I/O (PIO) Pins .................................................................................................... 57 Low-Voltage Operation .............................................................................................................. 59 Low-Voltage Standard ................................................................................................... 59 Power Savings ............................................................................................................... 59 Input/Output Circuitry ..................................................................................................... 59 Absolute Maximum Ratings ....................................................................................................... 60 Operating Ranges ...................................................................................................................... 60 DC Characteristics Over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges ................................... 60 Thermal Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 61 TQFP Package .............................................................................................................. 61 Typical Ambient Temperatures ...................................................................................... 62 Commercial and Industrial Switching Characteristics and Waveforms ...................................... 67 Key to Switching Waveforms ......................................................................................... 67 Alphabetical Key to Switching Parameter Symbols ....................................................... 68 Numerical Key to Switching Parameter Symbols .......................................................... 69 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Read Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ................................................................................ 70 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ................................................................................ 71 Read Cycle Waveforms ................................................................................................. 72 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Write Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ................................................................................ 73 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ................................................................................ 74 Write Cycle Waveforms ................................................................................................. 75 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Internal RAM Show Read Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ................................................ 76 D R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 7 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Internal RAM Show Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ................................................ 76 Internal RAM Show Read Cycle Waveform ................................................................... 77 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, PSRAM Read Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) .................................................................. 78 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, PSRAM Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) .................................................................. 79 PSRAM Read Cycle Waveforms ................................................................................... 80 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, PSRAM Write Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ................................................................... 81 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, PSRAM Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ................................................................... 82 PSRAM Write Cycle Waveforms .................................................................................... 83 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, PSRAM Refresh Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) .............................................................. 84 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, PSRAM Refresh Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) .............................................................. 85 PSRAM Refresh Cycle Waveforms ............................................................................... 86 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ..................................................... 87 Switching Characteristics over Commercial Operating Ranges, Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ..................................................... 88 Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle Waveforms ...................................................................... 89 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Software Halt Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ................................................................... 90 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Software Halt Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ................................................................... 90 Software Halt Cycle Waveforms .................................................................................... 91 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Clock (25 MHz) .............................................................................................................. 92 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Clock (33 MHz) .............................................................................................................. 93 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Clock (40 MHz and 50 MHz) .......................................................................................... 94 Clock Waveforms--Active Mode ................................................................................... 95 Clock Waveforms--Power-Save Mode .......................................................................... 95 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Ready and Peripheral Timing (25 MHz and 33 MHz) .................................................... 96 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Ready and Peripheral Timing (40 MHz and 50 MHz) .................................................... 96 Synchronous Ready Waveforms ................................................................................... 97 Asynchronous Ready Waveforms .................................................................................. 97 Peripheral Waveforms ................................................................................................... 98 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Reset and Bus Hold (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ................................................................... 99 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Reset and Bus Hold (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ................................................................... 99 Reset Waveforms ........................................................................................................ 100 Signals Related to Reset Waveforms .......................................................................... 100 Bus Hold Waveforms--Entering .................................................................................. 101 Bus Hold Waveforms--Leaving ................................................................................... 101 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (25 MHz and 33 MHz) ......................................... 102 D 8 R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges, Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (40 MHz and 50 MHz) ......................................... 102 Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) Waveforms .......................................................... 103 TQFP Physical Dimensions ..................................................................................................... 104 PQFP Physical Dimensions ..................................................................................................... 105 Index ................................................................................................................................... Index-1 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. Figure 17. Figure 18. Figure 19. Figure 20. Figure 21. Am186ER 50-MHz Example System Design ......................................................... 15 Typical 80C186 System Design ............................................................................. 15 Two-Component Address Example ....................................................................... 40 Am186TMER Microcontroller Address Bus--Normal Operation ............................. 42 Am186TMER Microcontroller--Address Bus Disable in Effect ............................... 42 Am188TMER Microcontroller Address Bus--Normal Operation ............................. 43 Am188TMER Microcontroller--Address Bus Disable in Effect ............................... 43 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Oscillator Configurations ............ 45 Peripheral Control Block Register Map .................................................................. 46 Clock Organization ................................................................................................ 48 ARDY and SRDY Synchronization Logic Diagram ................................................ 49 Example Memory Maps ......................................................................................... 50 DMA Unit Block Diagram ....................................................................................... 56 Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Write .......................................................... 58 Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Read .......................................................... 58 Thermal Resistance (C/Watt) ............................................................................... 61 Thermal Characteristics Equations ........................................................................ 61 Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Two-Layer Board .......................... 63 Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Two-Layer Board .......................... 64 Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board ..... 65 Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board ..... 66 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. Table 10. Table 11. Table 12. Table 13. Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. R A T F Related AMD Products--E86TM Family Devices ................................................... 12 Data Byte Encoding ............................................................................................... 31 Numeric PIO Pin Assignments .............................................................................. 36 Alphabetic PIO Pin Assignments ........................................................................... 36 Bus Cycle Encoding ............................................................................................... 37 Clocking Modes ..................................................................................................... 39 Segment Register Selection Rules ........................................................................ 40 Maximum and Minimum Clock Frequencies .......................................................... 44 Am186ER Microcontroller Maximum DMA Transfer Rates .................................. 55 Thermal Characteristics (C/Watt) ......................................................................... 61 Typical Power Consumption Calculation ............................................................... 62 Junction Temperature Calculation ......................................................................... 62 Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Two-Layer Board .......................... 63 Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Two-Layer Board .......................... 64 Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board ..... 65 Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board ..... 66 D Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 9 REVISION HISTORY Date Rev Description Feb. 2000 D Replaced block diagrams on page 2 and page 3 with updated diagrams showing that the internal data bus interfaces via the BIU and not RAM. Feb. 2000 D Added new industrial parts for "Ordering Information" on page 4. Feb. 2000 D Updated product listings and customer service matter on page 12 and page 13. Feb. 2000 D Replaced Figure 8 on page 45 (microcontroller oscillator configurations) with updated figure. Feb. 2000 D Updated several references to watchdog timer on page 54 to reflect that the WDT is inactive after reset, not active). Feb. 2000 D Provided a value for the TBD in the table entitled, "DC Characteristics Over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges" on page 60. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title and "Min" values for No. 66 in the switching characteristics table, "Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 71. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title and "Max" values for No. 87 in the switching characteristics table, "Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 74. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title and "Min" value for No. 9 (50 MHz) in the switching characteristics table, "Internal RAM Show Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 76. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title and "Min" values for No. 66 in the switching characteristics table, "PSRAM Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 79. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title and "Max" value for No. 68 (40 MHz) in the switching characteristics table, "PSRAM Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 82. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title in the switching characteristics table, "PSRAM Refresh Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 85. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title in the switching characteristics table, "Software Halt Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 90. Feb. 2000 D Updated "Min" and "Max" values in the switching characteristics table, "Clock (33 MHz)" on page 93. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title in the switching characteristics table, "Clock (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 94. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title in the switching characteristics table, "Ready and Peripheral Timing (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 96. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title in the switching characteristics table, "Reset and Bus Hold (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 99. Feb. 2000 D Updated table title in the switching characteristics table, "Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (40 MHz and 50 MHz)" on page 102. Feb. 2000 D In the table "Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)", row 9, column "50 MHz" - "Min", the "0" is deleted. Feb. 2000 D In the table "Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)", row 66, column "40 MHz" - "Min", the value is changed. Feb. 2000 D In the table "Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)", row 66, column "50 MHz" - "Min", the value is changed. Feb. 2000 D In the table "Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz)", row 68, column "40 MHz" - "Max", the value is changed. May 2000 D Under "Key Features and Benefits" on page 14, in the third bullet "Enhanced functionality," the feature, "a PSRAM controller" was added. May 2000 D Under "HOLD" on page 32, the sentence, "A HOLD request is second only to DRAM or PSRAM refresh requests in priority of activity requests received by the processor." is changed. D 10 R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Date Rev Description May 2000 D Under "SRDY/PIO6" on page 38, the following sentence was added: "When SRDY is configured as P106, the internal SRDY signal is driven Low." May 2000 D In Table 8, "Maximum and Minimum Clock Frequencies," on page 44, the values are changed in the cell of row "Divide by 2" and column "X1/X2 Min" and in the cell of row "Divide by 2" and column "CLKOUTA Min". May 2000 D In "Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges" on page 93, Max value in the number "36" row was changed to "33." May 2000 D In "Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges" on page 94, the value in "40 MHz Max" for row number 36 was changed to "33." May 2000 D In "Synchronous Ready Waveforms" on page 97, the diagram was changed. May 2000 D In "Asynchronous Ready Waveforms" on page 97, the diagram was changed. May 2000 D In "BHE/ADEN", on page 31, the second paragraph under ADEN was changed. May 2000 D In "UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26", on page 38, the paragraph description of UZI was changed. May 2000 D In "Read Cycle Waveforms" on page 72, the UZI line in the diagram was changed. May 2000 D In "Write Cycle Waveforms" on page 75, the UZI line in the diagram was changed. May 2000 D Added the diagram, Table 11, "ARDY and SRDY Synchronization Logic Diagram," on page 49. May 2000 D Added an index. March 2006 E Updated pin assignment tables for missng PIO signal names and added note on pin diagrams. D R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 11 E86TM FAMILY OF EMBEDDED MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS AMD-K6TM-2E Microprocessor Am5x86(R) Microprocessor Am486(R)DX Microprocessor ElanSC400 Microcontroller Am386(R)SX/DX Microprocessors ElanTMSC310 Microcontroller ElanSC520 Microcontroller ElanSC410 Microcontroller ElanSC300 Microcontroller Am186CC Communications Controller Am186CH HDLC Microcontroller Am186TMCU USB Microcontroller Am186EM and Am188TMEM Microcontrollers 80C186 and 80C188 Microcontrollers Am186EMLV & Am188EMLV Microcontrollers Am186ES and Am188ES Microcontrollers Am186ER and Am188ER Microcontrollers Am186ESLV & Am188ESLV Microcontrollers Am186ED Microcontroller Am186EDLV Microcontroller T F -- Microprocessors -- 16- and 32-bit microcontrollers 80L186 and 80L188 Microcontrollers -- 16-bit microcontrollers E86TM Family of Embedded Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Table 1. Device1 80C186/80C188 80L186/80L188 Am186TMEM/Am188TMEM Am186EMLV/Am188EMLV Am186ES/Am188ES Am186ESLV/Am188ESLV Am186ED Am186EDLV Description 16-bit microcontroller Low-voltage, 16-bit microcontroller High-performance, 16-bit embedded microcontroller High-performance, 16-bit embedded microcontroller High-performance, 16-bit embedded microcontroller High-performance, 16-bit embedded microcontroller High-performance, 80C186- and 80C188-compatible, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8- or 16-bit external data bus High-performance, 80C186- and 80C188-compatible, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 8- or 16-bit external data bus High-performance, low-voltage, 16-bit embedded microcontroller with 32 Kbyte of internal SRAM High-performance, 16-bit embedded communications controller High-performance, 16-bit embedded HDLC microcontroller High-performance, 16-bit embedded USB microcontroller High-performance, highly integrated, low-voltage, 32-bit embedded microcontroller High-performance, single-chip, 32-bit embedded PC/AT-compatible microcontroller High-performance, single-chip, low-power, PC/AT-compatible microcontroller High-performance, single-chip, PC/AT-compatible microcontroller High-performance, single-chip, 32-bit embedded microcontroller High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 16-bit external data bus High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 32-bit external data bus High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 32-bit external data bus High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 32-bit external data bus High-performance, 32-bit embedded microprocessor with 64-bit external data bus and 3DNow!TM technology D Am186ER/Am188ER Am186CC Am186CH Am186CU ElanSC300 ElanSC310 ElanSC400 ElanSC410 ElanSC520 Am386(R)SX Am386(R)DX Am486(R)DX Am5x86(R) AMD-K6TM-2E A Related AMD Products--E86TM Family Devices R Notes: 1. 186 = 16-bit microcontroller and 80C186-compatible (except where noted otherwise); 188 = 16-bit microcontroller with 8-bit external data bus and 80C188-compatible (except where noted otherwise); LV = low voltage 12 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Related Documents The following documents provide additional information regarding the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. n Am186ER and Am188ER Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21684 n FusionE86SM Catalog, order #19255 n Making the Most of the Am186TMER or Am188TMER Microcontroller Application Note, order #21046 n Using the 3.3-V Am186TMER or Am188TMER Microcontroller in a 5-V System Application Note, order #21045 n Comparing the Am186TMEM and Am186ER Microcontrollers Technical Bulletin (Available only at www.amd.com/products/epd/techdocs.) n The Advantages of Integrated RAM Technical Bulletin (Available only at www.amd.com/products/ epd/techdocs.) A full description of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers' registers and instructions is included in the Am186ER and Am188ER Microcontrollers User's Manual listed above. To order literature, contact the nearest AMD sales office or call the literature center at one of the numbers listed on the back cover of this manual. In addition, all these documents are available in PDF form on the AMD web site. To access the AMD home page, go to www.amd.com. Then follow the Embedded Processor link for information about E86 microcontrollers. R Demonstration Board Products The SD186ER demonstration board product is a standalone, low-cost evaluation platform for the Am186ER microcontroller. D The SD186ER board demonstrates the basic processor functionality and features of the Am186ER microcontroller and the simplicity of its system design. The SD186ER demonstration board is designed with the Am186/Am188 expansion interface that provides access to the Am186ER microcontroller signals. The 104-pin expansion interface facilitates prototyping by enabling the demonstration board to be used as the minimal system core of a design. Contact your local AMD sales office for more information on demonstration board availability and pricing. Third-Party Development Support Products The FusionE86 Program of Partnerships for Application Solutions provides the customer with an array of products designed to meet critical time-to-market needs. Products and solutions available from the AMD FusionE86 partners include protocol stacks, emulators, hardware and software debuggers, board-level products, and software development tools, among others. In addition, mature development tools and applications for the x86 platform are widely available in the general marketplace. Customer Service The AMD customer service network includes U.S. offices, international offices, and a customer training center. Expert technical assistance is available from the AMD worldwide staff of field application engineers and factory support staff to answer E86 and Comm86 family hardware and software development questions. Hotline and World Wide Web Support For answers to technical questions, AMD provides e-mail support as well as a toll-free number for direct access to our corporate applications hotline. Note: The support telephone numbers listed below are subject to change. For current telephone numbers, refer to www.amd.com/support/literature. T F The AMD World Wide Web home page provides the latest product information, including technical information and data on upcoming product releases. In addition, EPD CodeKit software on the Web site provides tested source code example applications. Corporate Applications Hotline A (800) 222-9323 44-(0) 1276-803-299 Toll-free for U.S. and Canada U.K. and Europe hotline Additional contact information is listed on the back of this datasheet. For technical support questions on all E86 and Comm86 products, send e-mail to epd.support@amd.com. World Wide Web Home Page To access the AMD home page go to: www.amd.com. Then follow the Embedded Processors link for information about E86 family and Comm86TM products. Questions, requests, and input concerning AMD's WWW pages can be sent via e-mail to webmaster@amd.com. Documentation and Literature Free information such as data books, user's manuals, data sheets, application notes, the <Italics>E86TM Family Products and Development Tools CD, order #21058, and other literature is available with a simple phone call. Internationally, contact your local AMD sales office for product literature. Additional contact information is listed on the back of this data sheet. Literature Ordering (800) 222-9323 Toll-free for U.S. and Canada Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 13 KEY FEATURES AND BENEFITS The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are higher-performance, highly integrated versions of the 80C186/80C188 microprocessors, offering a migration path that was previously unavailable. New peripherals, on-chip system interface logic, and 32 Kbyte of internal memory on the Am186ER microcontroller reduce the cost of existing 80C186/80C188 designs. Upgrading to the Am186ER microcontroller is an attractive solution for several reasons: n Integrated SRAM--32 Kbyte of internal SRAM ensures a low-cost supply of memory and a smaller form factor for system designs. The internal memory provides the same performance as external zero-wait-state SRAM devices. n 3.3-V operation with 5-V-tolerant I/O--3.3-V operation provides much lower power consumption when compared to existing 5-V designs. Plus, the Am186ER and Am188ER controllers accommodate current 5-V designs with 5-V-tolerant I/O drivers. n x86 software compatibility--80C186/80C188compatible and upward-compatible with the other members of the AMD E86 family. n Enhanced performance--The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers increase the performance of 80C186/80C188 systems, and the nonmultiplexed address bus offers faster, unbuffered access to commodity-speed, external memory. functionality--Enhanced on-chip n Enhanced peripherals include an asynchronous serial port, up to 32 PIOs, a hardware watchdog timer, an additional interrupt pin, a synchronous serial interface, a PSRAM controller, a 16-bit reset configuration register, and enhanced chip-select functionality. D R Application Considerations The integration enhancements of the Am186ER microcontroller provide a high-performance, low-systemcost solution for 16-bit embedded microcontroller designs. Both multiplexed and nonmultiplexed address buses are available on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. The nonmultiplexed address bus eliminates system-support logic ordinarily needed to interface with external memory devices, while the multiplexed address/data bus maintains the value of previously engineered, customer-specific peripherals and circuits within the upgraded design. Figure 1 on page 15 illustrates an example system design that uses the integrated peripheral set to achieve high performance with reduced system cost. system form factor, decreased system power, stable RAM supply, and lower system cost compared with buying external SRAM. The integrated RAM also ensures that an entire embedded system will not require requalification based on the short life cycles of external SRAM. Additionally, for those systems using more RAM than required because of the granularity of external RAM, the Am186ER microcontroller provides a closer system match. Clock Generation The integrated clock generation circuitr y of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers enables the processors to operate at up to four times the crystal frequency. The design in Figure 1 achieves 50-MHz CPU operation while using a 12.5-MHz crystal. The clocking frequency function is controlled by an internal PLL. The following modes are available (see Figure 10 on page 48): T F n Divide by Two--The frequency of the fundamental clock is half the frequency of the crystal with the PLL disabled. n Times One--The frequency of the fundamental clock will be the same as the external crystal with the PLL enabled. n Times Four--The frequency of the fundamental clock is four times the frequency of the crystal with the PLL enabled. A The default mode is Times Four. Memory Interface The integrated memor y controller logic of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provides a direct address bus to memory devices. Using an external address latch controlled by the address latch enable (ALE) signal is no longer necessary. Individual byte-write-enable signals on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers eliminate the need for external high/low byte-write-enable circuitry. The maximum bank size programmable for the memory chipselect signals is increased to facilitate the use of highdensity memory devices. The improved memory timing specifications for the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers facilitate the use of external memory devices with 55-ns access times at 50-MHz CPU operation. As a result, overall system cost is significantly reduced as system designers are able to use commonly available memory technology. Internal Memory The 32-Kbyte internal RAM fulfills the memory requirements for many embedded systems. These systems can take advantage of the increased reliability, smaller 14 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Direct Memory Interface Example Figure 1 illustrates the direct interface to memory of the Am186ER microcontroller. The A19-A0 bus connects to the memory address inputs, the AD bus connects to the data inputs and outputs, and the chip selects connect to the memory chip-select inputs. Am186ER Microcontroller A19-A0 X1 Figure 1 also shows an implementation of an RS-232 console or modem communications port. The RS-232to-CMOS voltage-level converter is required for the electrical interface with the external device. Serial Port X1 R WR ALE RD OE UCS CS INT4-INT0 DMA 0-1 TXD CLKOUTA 50 MHz RXD T F Figure 1. Am186TMER 50-MHz Example System Design PAL A Am29F400 Flash WE SRAM WE WE Address Address Data Data RD OE OE UCS CS CS AD15-AD0 D RS-232 Level Converter LATCH BHE A0 Address Data Timer 0-2 Figure 1 shows an example system using a 50-MHz Am186ER microcontroller. Figure 2 shows a comparable system implementation with an 80C186 microcontroller. Because of its superior integration, the Am186ER system does not require the support devices required on the 80C186 example system. In addition, the Am186ER microcontroller provides significantly better performance with its 50-MHz clock rate. X2 AD15-AD0 WE 32 Kbyte SRAM COMPARISON OF THE Am186TMER AND 80C186 MICROCONTROLLERS 40-MHz Crystal WR X2 12.5-MHz Crystal Am29F400 Flash LCS PCS0 Timer 0-2 LATCH PIOs Serial Port RS-232 Level Converter INT3 INT2-INT0 DMA 0-1 CLKOUT Figure 2. 20 MHz Typical 80C186 System Design Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 15 2 3 AD9 AD2 4 5 AD10 AD3 6 7 AD11 AD4 8 9 AD12 AD5 GND 10 11 RES GND MCS3/ RFSH MCS2 VCC PCS 0 PCS 1 GND PCS 2 PCS 3 VCC PCS 5/A1 PCS 6/A2 LCS / ONCE 0 UCS / ONCE1 INT0 INT1/ SELECT INT2/INTA 0 INT3/INTA 1/IRQ 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 14 15 16 17 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 CLKOUTB GND A19 A18 VCC A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 A12 SCLK BHE/ADEN WR RD ALE ARDY 26 27 D R 38 39 24 25 VCC CLKOUTA SDEN1 SDEN0 36 37 22 23 34 35 RXD SDATA A S0/SREN GND X1 X2 UZI/CLKSEL2 TXD 20 21 S1/IMDIS S6/CLKSEL1 18 19 84 TMROUT1 TMRIN1 Am186ER Microcontroller Notes: Pin 1 is marked for orientation. For dual function pins, signal names for PIO31-PIO0 are not included in the diagram. See Tabes 3 and 4 on page 36 for pins that are multiplexed with PIO31-PIO0. 16 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet INT4 MCS1 MCS0 71 70 DEN DT/R NMI 69 68 SRDY HOLD 67 66 HLDA 65 64 WHB GND 63 62 A0 A1 61 60 VCC A2 59 58 A3 A4 57 56 A5 A6 55 54 A7 A8 53 52 A9 A10 51 A11 T F 32 33 AD15 12 13 S2 VCC AD14 AD7 73 72 30 31 AD6 75 74 28 29 AD13 96 95 DRQ0 1 AD8 AD1 DRQ1 TMRIN0 TMROUT0 100 AD0 99 98 97 TQFP CONNECTION DIAGRAM AND PINOUTS--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER Top Side View--100-Pin Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP) WLB TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Number) Pin No. Name Pin No. Name Pin No. Name Pin No. Name 1 AD0 26 SCLK/PIO20 51 A11 76 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 2 AD8 27 BHE/ADEN 52 A10 77 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 3 AD1 28 WR 53 A9 78 INT1/SELECT 4 AD9 29 RD 54 A8 79 INT0 5 AD2 30 ALE 55 A7 80 UCS/ONCE1 6 AD10 31 ARDY 56 A6 81 LCS/ONCE0 7 AD3 32 S2 57 A5 82 PCS6/A2/PIO2 8 AD11 33 S1/IMDIS 58 A4 83 PCS5/A1/PIO3 9 AD4 34 S0/SREN 59 A3 84 VCC 10 AD12 35 GND 60 A2 11 AD5 36 X1 61 VCC 12 GND 37 X2 62 A1 13 AD13 38 VCC 63 A0 14 AD6 39 CLKOUTA 64 GND 15 VCC 40 CLKOUTB 65 WHB 16 AD14 41 GND 66 WLB 17 AD7 42 A19/PIO9 67 HLDA 18 AD15 43 A18/PIO8 68 HOLD 19 S6/CKLSEL1/PIO29 44 VCC 69 20 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 21 TXD/PIO27 22 RXD/PIO28 23 SDATA/PIO21 24 SDEN1/PIO23 25 SDEN0/PIO22 D R T F 85 PCS3/PIO19 86 PCS2/PIO18 87 GND 88 PCS1/PIO17 89 PCS0/PIO16 90 VCC 91 MCS2/PIO24 92 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 93 GND SRDY/PIO6 94 RES 70 NMI 95 TMRIN1/PIO0 71 DT/R/PIO4 96 TMROUT1/PIO1 72 DEN/PIO5 97 TMROUT0/PIO10 A 45 A17/PIO7 46 A16 47 A15 48 A14 73 MCS0/PIO14 98 TMRIN0/PIO11 49 A13 74 MCS1/PIO15 99 DRQ1/PIO13 50 A12 75 INT4/PIO30 100 DRQ0/PIO12 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 17 TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Name) Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. A0 63 AD5 11 GND 93 S2 32 A1 62 AD6 14 HLDA 67 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 19 A2 60 AD7 17 HOLD 68 SCLK/PIO20 26 A3 59 AD8 2 INT0 79 SDATA/PIO21 23 A4 58 AD9 4 INT1/SELECT 78 SDEN0/PIO22 25 A5 57 AD10 6 INT2/INTA0 77 SDEN1/PIO23 24 A6 56 AD11 8 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 76 SRDY/PIO6 69 A7 55 AD12 10 INT4 75 TMRIN0/PIO11 98 A8 54 AD13 13 LCS/ONCE0 81 TMRIN1/PIO0 95 A9 53 AD14 16 MCS0/PIO14 A10 52 AD15 18 MCS1/PIO15 A11 51 ALE 30 MCS2 A12 50 ARDY 31 MCS3/RFSH A13 49 BHE/ADEN 27 NMI A14 48 CLKOUTA 39 PCS0/PIO16 A15 47 CLKOUTB 40 PCS1/PIO17 A16 46 DEN/PIO5 72 PCS2/PIO18 A17/PIO7 45 DRQ0/PIO12 100 PCS3/PIO19 A18/PIO8 43 DRQ1/PIO13 99 PCS5/A1/PIO3 A19/PIO9 42 DT/R/PIO4 71 AD0 1 GND AD1 3 GND AD2 5 GND 7 GND 9 GND AD3 AD4 18 D 73 TMROUT0/PIO10 T F 97 74 TMROUT1/PIO1 96 91 TXD 21 92 UCS/ONCE1 80 70 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 20 89 VCC 15 88 VCC 38 86 VCC 44 85 VCC 61 83 VCC 84 PCS6/A2/PIO2 82 VCC 90 12 RD 29 WHB 65 35 RES 94 WLB 66 41 RXD 22 WR 28 64 S0/SREN 34 X1 36 87 S1/IMDIS 33 X2 37 R A Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet AD6 DRQ0 DRQ1 TMRIN0 TMROUT0 TMROUT1 TMRIN1 RES GND MCS3/ RFSH MCS2 VCC PCS 0 PCS 1 GND PCS 2 PCS 3 VCC PCS 5/A1 PCS 6/A2 LCS / ONCE 0 UCS / ONCE1 INT0 INT1/ SELECT INT2/INTA 0 INT3/INTA 1/IRQ 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 Am188ER Microcontroller 14 15 VCC AO14 AD7 16 17 23 24 D 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 SCLK RD ALE ARDY R RFSH2/ADEN WR 25 35 36 SDATA SDEN1 A S1/IMDIS S0/SREN GND X1 X2 21 22 20 33 34 18 19 S2 AO15 S6/CLKSEL1 UZI/CLKSEL2 TXD RXD 75 74 INT4 73 72 MCS0 DEN 71 70 DT/R NMI 69 68 SRDY HOLD 67 66 HLDA 65 64 GND GND 63 62 A0 A1 61 60 VCC A2 59 58 A3 A4 57 56 A5 A6 55 A7 54 53 A8 A9 52 51 A10 A11 T F 49 50 AO13 SDEN0 99 98 12 13 A13 A12 10 11 47 48 AO12 AD5 GND A15 A14 8 9 45 46 AO11 AD4 VCC A17 A16 6 7 43 44 AO10 AD3 A18 4 5 41 42 AO9 AD2 39 40 2 3 CLKOUTB GND A19 AO8 AD1 37 38 1 VCC CLKOUTA AD0 100 TQFP CONNECTION DIAGRAM AND PINOUTS--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER Top Side View--100-Pin Thin Quad Flat Pack (TQFP) MCS1 WB Notes: Pin 1 is marked for orientation. For dual function pins, signal names for PIO31-PIO0 are not included in the diagram. See Tables 3 and 4 on page 36 for pins that are multiplexed with PIO31-PIO0. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 19 TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Number) Pin No. Name 20 Pin No. Name Pin No. Name Pin No. Name 1 AD0 26 SCLK/PIO20 51 A11 76 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 2 AO8 27 RFSH2/ADEN 52 A10 77 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 3 AD1 28 WR 53 A9 78 INT1/SELECT 4 AO9 29 RD 54 A8 79 INT0 5 AD2 30 ALE 55 A7 80 UCS/ONCE1 6 AO10 31 ARDY 56 A6 81 LCS/ONCE0 7 AD3 32 S2 57 A5 82 PCS6/A2/PIO2 8 AO11 33 S1/IMDIS 58 A4 83 PCS5/A1/PIO3 9 AD4 34 S0/SREN 59 A3 84 VCC 10 AO12 35 GND 60 A2 11 AD5 36 X1 61 VCC 12 GND 37 X2 62 A1 13 AO13 38 VCC 63 A0 14 AD6 39 CLKOUTA 64 GND 15 VCC 40 CLKOUTB 65 GND 16 AO14 41 GND 66 WB 17 AD7 42 A19/PIO9 67 HLDA 18 AO15 43 A18/PIO8 68 HOLD 19 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 44 VCC 69 20 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 21 TXD/PIO27 22 RXD/PIO28 23 SDATA/PIO21 24 SDEN1/PIO23 25 SDEN0/PIO22 D T F 85 PCS3/PIO19 86 PCS2/PIO18 87 GND 88 PCS1/PIO17 89 PCS0/PIO16 90 VCC 91 MCS2/PIO24 92 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 93 GND SRDY/PIO6 94 RES 70 NMI 95 TMRIN1/PIO0 71 DT/R/PIO4 96 TMROUT1/PIO1 45 A17/PIO7 46 A16 47 A15 A 72 DEN/PIO5 97 TMROUT0/PIO10 48 A14 73 MCS0/PIO14 98 TMRIN0/PIO11 49 A13 74 MCS1/PIO15 99 DRQ1/PIO13 50 A12 75 INT4/PIO30 100 DRQ0/PIO12 R Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet TQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Name) Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. A0 63 AD5 11 GND 93 S1/IMDIS 33 A1 62 AD6 14 HLDA 67 S2 32 A2 60 AD7 17 HOLD 68 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 19 A3 59 ALE 30 INT0 79 SCLK/PIO20 26 A4 58 AO8 2 INT1/SELECT 78 SDATA/PIO21 23 A5 57 AO9 4 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 77 SDEN0/PIO22 25 A6 56 AO10 6 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 76 SDEN1/PIO23 24 A7 55 AO11 8 INT4/PIO30 75 SRDY/PIO6 69 A8 54 AO12 10 LCS/ONCE0 81 TMRIN0/PIO11 98 A9 53 AO13 13 MCS0/PIO14 A10 52 AO14 16 MCS1/PIO15 A11 51 AO15 18 MCS2/PIO24 A12 50 ARDY 31 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 A13 49 CLKOUTA 39 NMI A14 48 CLKOUTB 40 PCS0/PIO16 A15 47 DEN/PIO5 72 PCS1/PIO17 A16 46 DRQ0/PIO12 100 A17/PIO7 45 DRQ1/PIO13 99 A18/PIO8 43 DT/R/PIO4 71 A19/PIO9 42 GND AD0 1 GND AD1 3 GND AD2 5 GND 7 GND 9 GND AD3 AD4 D T F 73 TMRIN1/PIO0 95 74 TMROUT0/PIO10 97 91 TMROUT1/PIO1 96 92 TXD/PIO27 21 70 UCS/ONCE1 80 89 UZI/CLKSEL2 20 88 VCC 15 86 VCC 38 85 VCC 44 83 VCC 61 PCS6/A2/PIO2 82 VCC 84 RD 29 VCC 90 41 A RES 94 WB 66 64 RFSH2/ADEN 27 WR 28 65 RXD/PIO28 22 X1 36 87 S0/SREN 34 X2 37 R 12 35 PCS2/PIO18 PCS3/PIO19 PCS5/A1/PIO3 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 21 81 AD10 AD2 AD9 83 82 AD11 AD3 85 50 47 NMI DT/R 49 46 SRDY DEN MCS0 45 48 44 HLDA A3 A2 HOLD 36 43 35 A4 42 34 A5 WHB WLB 33 A6 84 AD12 AD4 87 86 GND AD5 89 88 AD6 AD13 90 VCC 92 91 AD7 AD14 94 93 AD15 95 96 UZI/CLKSEL2 S6/CLKSEL1 97 98 32 31 R A8 A7 D A12 A11 A10 A9 A 41 GND A19 A18 VCC A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 Notes: Pin 1 is marked for orientation. For dual function pins, signal names for PIO31-PIO0 are not included in the diagram. See Tables 3 and 4 on page 36 for pins that are multiplexed with PIO31-PIO0. 22 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 AD1 AD8 AD0 DRQ0 DRQ1 TMRIN0 TMROUT0 T F Am186ER Microcontroller 40 X1 X2 VCC CLKOUTA CLKOUTB A0 GND ARDY S2 S1/IMDIS S0/SREN GND 39 RD ALE 38 BHE/ADEN WR 37 SCLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VCC A1 SDEN1 SDEN0 99 100 SDATA RXD TXD PQFP CONNECTION DIAGRAM AND PINOUTS--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER Top Side View--100-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet TMROUT1 TMRIN1 RES GND MCS3/RFSH MCS2 VCC PCS0 PCS1 GND PCS2 PCS3 VCC PCS5/A1 PCS6/A2 LCS/ONCE0 UCS/ONCE1 INT0 INT1/SELECT INT2/INTA0 INT3/INTA1/IRQ INT4 MCS1 PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Number) Pin No. Name Pin No. Name Pin No. Name Pin No. Name 1 SDEN1/PIO23 26 A13 51 MCS1/PIO15 76 DRQ1/PIO13 2 SDEN0/PIO22 27 A12 52 INT4/PIO30 77 DRQ0/PIO12 3 SCLK/PIO20 28 A11 53 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 78 AD0 4 BHE/ADEN 29 A10 54 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 79 AD8 5 WR 30 A9 55 INT1/SELECT 80 AD1 6 RD 31 A8 56 INT0 81 AD9 7 ALE 32 A7 57 UCS/ONCE1 82 AD2 8 ARDY 33 A6 58 LCS/ONCE0 83 AD10 9 S2 34 A5 59 PCS6/A2/PIO2 84 AD3 10 S1/IMDIS 35 A4 60 PCS5/A1/PIO3 11 S0/SREN 36 A3 61 VCC 12 GND 37 A2 62 PCS3/PIO19 13 X1 38 VCC 63 PCS2/PIO18 14 X2 39 A1 64 GND 15 VCC 40 A0 65 PCS1/PIO17 16 CLKOUTA 41 GND 66 PCS0/PIO16 17 CLKOUTB 42 WHB 67 VCC 18 GND 43 WLB 68 MCS2/PIO24 19 A19/PIO9 44 HLDA 69 20 A18/PIO8 45 21 VCC 46 22 A17/PIO7 47 23 A16 48 24 A15 49 25 A14 50 D T F 85 AD11 86 AD4 87 AD12 88 AD5 89 GND 90 AD13 91 AD6 92 VCC 93 AD14 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 94 AD7 70 GND 95 AD15 71 RES 96 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 72 TMRIN1/PIO0 97 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 DT/R/PIO4 73 TMROUT1/PIO1 98 TXD/PIO27 DEN/PIO5 74 TMROUT0/PIO10 99 RXD/PIO28 MCS0/PIO14 75 TMRIN0/PIO11 100 SDATA/PIO21 R HOLD SRDY/PIO6 NMI A Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 23 PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Name) Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name A0 40 AD5 88 GND 89 S2 9 A1 39 AD6 91 HLDA 44 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 96 A2 37 AD7 94 HOLD 45 SCLK/PIO20 3 A3 36 AD8 79 INT0 56 SDATA/PIO21 100 A4 35 AD9 81 INT1/SELECT 55 SDEN0/PIO22 2 A5 34 AD10 83 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 54 SDEN1/PIO23 1 A6 33 AD11 85 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 53 SRDY/PIO6 46 A7 32 AD12 87 INT4/PIO30 52 TMRIN0/PIO11 75 A8 31 AD13 90 LCS/ONCE0 58 TMRIN1/PIO0 72 A9 30 AD14 93 MCS0/PIO14 A10 29 AD15 95 MCS1/PIO15 A11 28 ALE 7 MCS2/PIO24 A12 27 ARDY 8 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 A13 26 BHE/ADEN 4 NMI A14 25 CLKOUTA 16 PCS0/PIO16 A15 24 CLKOUTB 17 PCS1/PIO17 A16 23 DEN/PIO5 49 A17/PIO7 22 DRQ0/PIO12 77 A18/PIO8 20 DRQ1/PIO13 76 T F A19/PIO9 19 DT/R/PIO4 48 AD0 78 GND 12 AD1 80 GND AD2 82 GND 84 GND 86 GND AD3 AD4 24 D No. 50 TMROUT0/PIO10 74 51 TMROUT1/PIO1 73 68 TXD/PIO27 98 69 UCS/ONCE1 57 47 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 97 66 VCC 15 65 VCC 21 63 VCC 38 62 VCC 61 60 VCC 67 PCS6/A2/PIO2 59 VCC 92 RD 6 WHB 42 RES 71 WLB 43 41 RXD/PIO28 99 WR 5 64 S0/SREN 11 X1 13 70 S1/IMDIS 10 X2 14 R 18 A PCS2/PIO18 PCS3/PIO19 PCS5/A1/PIO3 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 81 AD10 AD2 AD9 83 82 AD11 AD3 85 AD1 AD8 AD0 DRQ0 DRQ1 TMRIN0 TMROUT0 50 49 47 NMI DT/R TMROUT1 TMRIN1 RES GND MCS3/RFSH MCS2 VCC PCS0 PCS1 GND PCS2 PCS3 VCC PCS5/A1 PCS6/A2 LCS/ONCE0 UCS/ONCE1 INT0 INT1/SELECT INT2/INTA0 INT3/INTA1/IRQ INT4 MCS1 DEN MCS0 46 SRDY 48 45 A3 A2 44 36 HLDA 35 A4 HOLD 34 A5 43 33 A6 84 AD12 AD4 87 86 GND AD5 89 88 AD6 AD13 90 VCC 92 91 AD7 AD14 94 93 AD15 95 96 UZI/CLKSEL2 S6/CLKSEL1 97 98 32 31 R A8 A7 D A12 A11 A10 A9 A 42 GND A19 A18 VCC A17 A16 A15 A14 A13 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 T F Am188ER Microcontroller GND WB X1 X2 VCC CLKOUTA CLKOUTB 41 GND 40 S1/IMDIS S0/SREN A0 GND ARDY S2 39 RD ALE 38 RFSH2/ADEN WR 37 SCLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VCC A1 SDEN1 SDEN0 99 100 SDATA RXD TXD PQFP CONNECTION DIAGRAM AND PINOUTS--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER Top Side View--100-Pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) Notes: Pin 1 is marked for orientation. For dual function pins, signal names for PIO31-PIO0 are not included in the diagram. See Tables 3 and 4 on page 36 for pins that are multiplexed with PIO31-PIO0. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 25 PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Number) Pin No. Name 26 Pin No. Name Pin No. Name Pin No. Name 1 SDEN1/PIO23 26 A13 51 MCS1/PIO15 76 DRQ1/PIO13 2 SDEN0/PIO22 27 A12 52 INT4/PIO30 77 DRQ0/PIO12 3 SCLK/PIO20 28 A11 53 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 78 AD0 4 RFSH2/ADEN 29 A10 54 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 79 AO8 5 WR 30 A9 55 INT1/SELECT 80 AD1 6 RD 31 A8 56 INT0 81 AO9 7 ALE 32 A7 57 UCS/ONCE1 82 AD2 8 ARDY 33 A6 58 LCS/ONCE0 83 AO10 9 S2 34 A5 59 PCS6/A2/PIO2 84 AD3 10 S1/IMDIS 35 A4 60 PCS5/A1/PIO3 11 S0/SREN 36 A3 61 VCC 12 GND 37 A2 62 PCS3/PIO19 13 X1 38 VCC 63 PCS2/PIO18 14 X2 39 A1 64 GND 15 VCC 40 A0 65 PCS1/PIO17 16 CLKOUTA 41 GND 66 PCS0/PIO16 17 CLKOUTB 42 GND 67 VCC 18 GND 43 WB 68 MCS2/PIO24 19 A19/PIO9 44 HLDA 69 20 A18/PIO8 45 21 VCC 46 22 A17/PIO7 47 23 A16 48 24 A15 49 25 A14 50 D T F 85 AO11 86 AD4 87 AO12 88 AD5 89 GND 90 AO13 91 AD6 92 VCC 93 AO14 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 94 AD7 70 GND 95 AO15 71 RES 96 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 72 TMRIN1/PIO0 97 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 DT/R/PIO4 73 TMROUT1/PIO1 98 TXD/PIO27 DEN/PIO5 74 TMROUT0/PIO10 99 RXD/PIO28 MCS0/PIO14 75 TMRIN0/PIO11 100 SDATA/PIO21 R HOLD SRDY/PIO6 NMI A Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet PQFP PIN ASSIGNMENTS--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER (Sorted by Pin Name) Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. Pin Name No. A0 40 AD5 88 GND 89 S1/IMDIS 10 A1 39 AD6 91 HLDA 44 S2 9 A2 37 AD7 94 HOLD 45 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 96 A3 36 ALE 7 INT0 56 SCLK/PIO20 3 A4 35 AO8 79 INT1/SELECT 55 SDATA/PIO21 100 A5 34 AO9 81 INT2/INTA0/PIO31 54 SDEN0/PIO22 2 A6 33 AO10 83 INT3/INTA1/IRQ 53 SDEN1/PIO23 1 A7 32 AO11 85 INT4/PIO30 52 SRDY/PIO6 46 A8 31 AO12 87 LCS/ONCE0 58 TMRIN0/PIO11 75 A9 30 AO13 90 MCS0/PIO14 A10 29 AO14 93 MCS1/PIO15 A11 28 AO15 95 MCS2/PIO24 A12 27 ARDY 8 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 A13 26 CLKOUTA 16 NMI A14 25 CLKOUTB 17 PCS0/PIO16 A15 24 DEN/PIO5 49 PCS1/PIO17 A16 23 DRQ0/PIO12 77 PCS2/PIO18 A17/PIO7 22 DRQ1/PIO13 76 PCS3/PIO19 A18/PIO8 20 DT/R/PIO4 48 PCS5/A1/PIO3 A19/PIO9 19 GND AD0 78 GND AD1 80 GND AD2 82 GND 84 GND 86 GND AD3 AD4 D R A 50 TMRIN1/PIO0 T F 72 51 TMROUT0/PIO10 74 68 TMROUT1/PIO1 73 69 TXD/PIO27 98 47 UCS/ONCE1 57 66 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 97 65 VCC 15 63 VCC 21 62 VCC 38 60 VCC 61 12 PCS6/A2/PIO2 59 VCC 67 18 RD 6 VCC 92 41 RES 71 WB 43 42 RFSH2/ADEN 4 WR 5 64 RXD/PIO28 99 X1 13 70 S0/SREN 11 X2 14 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 27 LOGIC SYMBOL--Am186TMER MICROCONTROLLER Clocks X1 RES X2 INT4 CLKOUTA INT3/INTA1/IRQ CLKOUTB INT2/INTA0 * * Reset Control and Interrupt Service INT1/SELECT INT0 * Address and Address/Data Buses 20 A19-A0 16 AD15-AD0 * S6/CLKSEL1 * UZI/CLKSEL2 NMI PCS6/A2 * T F PCS5/A1 ALE S2 S1/IMDIS LCS/ONCE0 S0/SREN MCS3/RFSH HOLD HLDA RD WR Bus Control * DT/R * DEN R ARDY SRDY * BHE/ADEN D Timer Control Programmable I/O Control WHB MCS2-MCS0 * Memory and Peripheral Control * 3 * UCS/ONCE1 A 2 DRQ1-DRQ0 * DMA Control TXD * RXD * Asynchronous Serial Port Control WLB * TMRIN0 * TMROUT0 * TMRIN1 * TMROUT1 SDEN1-SDEN0 32 shared ** PCS3-PCS0 * 4 PIO32-PIO0 2 * SCLK * SDATA * Synchronous Serial Port Control Notes: * These signals are the normal function of a pin that can be used as a PIO. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 30 and Table 3 on page 36 for information on shared function. ** All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins. 28 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet LOGIC SYMBOL--Am188TMER MICROCONTROLLER Clocks X1 RES X2 INT4 CLKOUTA INT3/INTA1/IRQ CLKOUTB INT2/INTA0 * * Reset Control and Interrupt Service INT1/SELECT INT0 * Address and Address/Data Buses 20 A19-A0 8 AO15-AO8 8 AD7-AD0 NMI * S6/CLKSEL1 PCS6/A2 * UZI/CLKSEL2 PCS5/A1 T F PCS3-PCS0 ALE S2 S1/IMDIS S0/SREN HOLD HLDA RD Bus Control WR * * DT/R R DEN ARDY * D Timer Control Programmable I/O Control SRDY RFSH2/ADEN * 4 * Memory and Peripheral Control LCS/ONCE0 MCS3/RFSH MCS2-MCS0 * 3 * UCS/ONCE1 A 2 DRQ1-DRQ0 * DMA Control TXD * RXD * Asynchronous Serial Port Control WB * TMRIN0 * TMROUT0 * TMRIN1 * TMROUT1 SDEN1-SDEN0 32 shared ** * PIO31-PIO0 2 * SCLK * SDATA * Synchronous Serial Port Control Notes: * These signals are the normal function of a pin that can be used as a PIO. See the pin descriptions beginning on page 30 and Table 3 on page 36 for information on shared function. ** All PIO signals are shared with other physical pins. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 29 PIN DESCRIPTIONS Pins Used by Emulators The following pins are used by emulators: A19-A0, AO15-AO8, AD7-AD0, ALE, BHE/ADEN (on the Am186ER microcontroller), CLKOUTA, RFSH2/ADEN (on the Am188ER microcontroller), RD, S2, S1/IMDIS, S0/SREN, S6/CLKSEL1, and UZI/CLKSEL2. Emulators require that S6/CLKSEL1 and UZI/ CLKSEL2 be configured in their normal functionality, that is, as S6 and UZI. If BHE/ADEN (on the Am186ER microcontroller) or RFSH2/ADEN (on the Am188ER microcontroller) is held Low during the rising edge of RES, S6 and UZI are configured in their normal functionality and cannot be programmed as PIOs. A19-A0 (A19/PIO9, A18/PIO8, A17/PIO7) Address Bus (output, three-state, synchronous) These pins supply nonmultiplexed memory or I/O addresses to the system one-half of a CLKOUTA period earlier than the multiplexed address and data bus (AD15-AD0 on the Am186ER microcontroller or AO15-AO8 and AD7-AD0 on the Am188ER microcontroller). During a bus hold or reset condition, the address bus is in a high-impedance state. AD7-AD0 Address and Data Bus (input/output, three-state, synchronous, level-sensitive) These time-multiplexed pins supply partial memory or I/O addresses, as well as data, to the system. AD7- AD0 supply the low-order 8 bits of an address to the system during the first period of a bus cycle (t1). On a write, these pins supply data to the system during the remaining periods of that cycle (t2, t3, and t4). On a read, these pins latch data at the end of t3. D R Also, if S0/SREN (show read enable) was pulled Low during reset or if the SR bit is set in the Internal Memory Chip Select (IMCS) Register, these pins supply the data read from internal memory during t3 and t4. On the Am186ER microcontroller, AD7-AD0 combine with AD15-AD8 to form a complete multiplexed address and 16-bit data bus. On the Am188ER microcontroller, AD7-AD0 combine with AO15-AO8 to form a complete multiplexed address bus while AD7-AD0 is the 8-bit data bus. The address phase of these pins can be disabled. See the ADEN description with the BHE/ADEN pin. When WLB is negated, these pins are three-stated during t2, t3, and t4. During a bus hold or reset condition, the address and data bus are in a high-impedance state. 30 During a power-on reset, the address and data bus pins (AD15-AD0 for the Am186ER microcontroller, AO15-AO8 and AD7-AD0 for the Am188ER microcontroller) can also be used to load system configuration information into the internal reset configuration register. The system information is latched on the rising edge of RES. AD15-AD8 (Am186TMER Microcontroller) Address and Data Bus (input/output, three-state, synchronous, level-sensitive) These time-multiplexed pins supply partial memory or I/O addresses, as well as data, to the system. AD15- AD8 supply the high-order 8 bits of an address to the system during the first period of a bus cycle (t1). On a write, these pins supply data to the system during the remaining periods of that cycle (t 2, t3, and t4). On a read, these pins latch data at the end of t3. T F Also, if S0/SREN (show read enable) was pulled Low during reset or if the SR bit is set in the Internal Memory Chip Select (IMCS) Register, these pins supply the data read from internal memory during t3 and t4. On the Am186ER microcontroller, AD15-AD8 combine with AD7-AD0 to form a complete multiplexed address and 16-bit data bus. A The address phase of these pins can be disabled. See the ADEN description with the BHE/ADEN pin. When WHB is negated, these pins are three-stated during t2, t3, and t4. During a bus hold or reset condition, the address and data bus is in a high-impedance state. During a power-on reset, the address and data bus pins (AD15-AD0 for the Am186ER microcontroller, AO15-AO8 and AD7-AD0 for the Am188ER microcontroller) can also be used to load system configuration information into the internal reset configuration register. The system information is latched on the rising edge of RES. AO15-AO8 (Am188TMER Microcontroller) Address-Only Bus (output, three-state, synchronous, level-sensitive) On the Am188ER microcontroller, the address-only bus (AO15-AO8) contains valid high-order address bits from bus cycles t1-t4. These outputs are three-stated during a bus hold or reset. On the Am188ER microcontroller, AO15-AO8 combine with AD7-AD0 to form a complete multiplexed address bus while AD7-AD0 is the 8-bit data bus. On the Am188ER microcontroller during a power-on reset, the AO15-AO8 and AD7-AD0 pins can also be used to load system configuration information into an internal register for later use. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet ALE Address Latch Enable (output, synchronous) This pin indicates to the system that an address appears on the address and data bus (AD15-AD0 for the Am186ER microcontroller or AO15-AO8 and AD7-AD0 for the Am188ER microcontroller). The address is guaranteed valid on the trailing edge of ALE. This pin is three-stated during ONCE mode. ARDY Asynchronous Ready (input, asynchronous, level-sensitive) This pin indicates to the microcontroller that the addressed memory space or I/O device will complete a data transfer. The ARDY pin accepts a rising edge that is asynchronous to CLKOUTA and is active High. The falling edge of ARDY must be synchronized to CLKOUTA. To always assert the ready condition to the microcontroller, tie ARDY High. If the system does not use ARDY, tie the pin Low to yield control to SRDY. reason, the A0 signal cannot be used in place of the AD0 signal to determine refresh cycles. PSRAM refreshes also provide an additional RFSH signal (see the MCS3/RFSH pin description on page 33). ADEN--If BHE/ADEN is held High or left floating during power-on reset, the address portion of the AD bus (AD15-AD0) is enabled or disabled during LCS and UCS bus cycles based on the DA bit in the LMCS and UMCS registers. If the DA bit is set, the memory address is accessed on the A19-A0 pins. This mode of operation reduces power consumption. For more information, see the Bus Operation section on page 41. There is a weak internal pullup resistor on BHE/ADEN so no external pullup is required. BHE/ADEN (Am186TMER Microcontroller Only) If BHE/ADEN is held Low on power-on reset, the AD bus drives both addresses and data. Changing the DA bit of the LMCS and UMCS registers will have no effect. (S6 and UZI also assume their normal functionality in this instance. The PIO Mode and Direction registers cannot reconfigure these pins as PIOs. See Table 3 on page 36.) The pin is sampled within three crystal clock cycles after the rising edge of RES. BHE/ADEN is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. Bus High Enable (three-state, output, synchronous) Address Enable (input, internal pullup) Note: Once the above modes are set, they can be changed only by resetting the processor. BHE--During a memory access, this pin and the leastsignificant address bit (AD0 or A0) indicate to the system which bytes of the data bus (upper, lower, or both) participate in a bus cycle. The BHE/ADEN and AD0 pins are encoded as shown in Table 2. R BHE is asserted during t 1 and remains asser ted through t3 and tW. BHE does not need to be latched. BHE is three-stated during bus hold and reset conditions. On the Am186ER microcontroller, WLB and WHB implement the functionality of BHE and AD0 for high and low byte write enables. D Table 2. Data Byte Encoding BHE AD0 Type of Bus Cycle 0 0 0 1 High Byte Transfer (Bits 15-8) 1 0 Low Byte Transfer (Bits 7-0) 1 1 Refresh Word Transfer A CLKOUTA T F Clock Output A (output, synchronous) This pin supplies the internal clock to the system. Depending on the value of the Power-Save Control Register (PDCON), CLKOUTA operates at either the CPU fundamental frequency (which varies with the divide by two, times one, and times four clocking modes), the power-save frequency, or is three-stated (see Figure 10 on page 48). CLKOUTA remains active during reset and bus hold conditions. CLKOUTB Clock Output B (output, synchronous) This pin supplies a clock to the system. Depending on the value of the Power-Save Control Register (PDCON), CLKOUTB operates at either the CPU fundamental frequency (which varies with the divide by two, times one, and times four clocking modes), the powersave frequency, or is three-stated (see Figure 10 on page 48). CLKOUTB remains active during reset and bus hold conditions. DEN/PIO5 Data Enable (output, three-state, synchronous) BHE/ADEN also signals DRAM refresh cycles when using the multiplexed address and data (AD) bus. A refresh cycle is indicated when both BHE/ADEN and AD0 are High. During refresh cycles, the A bus and the AD bus are not guaranteed to provide the same address during the address phase of the AD bus cycle. For this This pin supplies an output enable to an external databus transceiver. DEN is asserted during memory, I/O, and interrupt acknowledge cycles. DEN is deasserted when DT/R changes state. DEN is three-stated during a bus hold or reset condition. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 31 DRQ1-DRQ0 (DRQ1/PIO13, DRQ0/PIO12) DMA Requests (input, synchronous, level-sensitive) These pins indicate to the microcontroller that an external device is ready for DMA channel 1 or channel 0 to perform a transfer. DRQ1-DRQ0 are level-triggered and internally synchronized. The DRQ signals are not latched and must remain active until serviced. DT/R/PIO4 Data Transmit or Receive (output, three-state, synchronous) This pin indicates which direction data should flow through an external data-bus transceiver. When DT/R is asserted High, the microcontroller transmits data. When this pin is deasserted Low, the microcontroller receives data. DT/R is three-stated during a bus hold or reset condition. GND Ground The ground pins connect the system ground to the microcontroller. HLDA Bus Hold Acknowledge (output, synchronous) When an external bus master requests control of the local bus (by asserting HOLD), the microcontroller completes the bus cycle in progress and then relinquishes control of the bus to the external bus master by asserting HLDA and floating DEN, RD, WR, S2-S0, AD15-AD0, S6, A19-A0, BHE, WHB, WLB, and DT/R, and then driving the chip selects UCS, LCS, MCS3- MCS0, PCS6-PCS5, and PCS3-PCS0 High. D R When the external bus master has finished using the local bus, it indicates this to the microcontroller by deasserting HOLD. The microcontroller responds by deasserting HLDA. If the microcontroller requires access to the bus (that is, for refresh), it will deassert HLDA before the external bus master deasserts HOLD. The external bus master must be able to deassert HOLD and allow the microcontroller access to the bus. See the timing diagrams for bus hold on page 101. This pin is three-stated during ONCE mode. HOLD The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers' HOLD latency time, the time between HOLD request and HOLD acknowledge, is a function of the activity occurring in the processor when the HOLD request is received. A HOLD request is second only to DRAM or PSRAM refresh requests in priority of activity requests received by the processor. This implies that if a HOLD request is received just as a DMA transfer begins, the HOLD latency can be as great as four bus cycles. This occurs if a DMA word transfer operation is taking place (Am186ER microcontroller only) from an odd address to an odd address. This is a total of 16 clock cycles or more if wait states are required. In addition, if locked transfers are performed, the HOLD latency time is increased by the length of the locked transfer. INT0 Maskable Interrupt Request 0 (input, asynchronous) T F This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If the INT0 pin is not masked, the microcontroller transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT0 vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table. Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT0 until the request is acknowledged. A INT1/SELECT Maskable Interrupt Request 1 (input, asynchronous) Slave Select (input, asynchronous) INT1--This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If INT1 is not masked, the microcontroller transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT1 vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table. Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT1 until the request is acknowledged. SELECT--When the microcontroller interrupt control unit is operating as a slave to an external master interrupt controller, this pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt type appears on the address and data bus. The INT0 pin must indicate to the microcontroller that an interrupt has occurred before the SELECT pin indicates to the microcontroller that the interrupt type appears on the bus. Bus Hold Request (input, synchronous, level-sensitive) This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an external bus master needs control of the local bus. For more information, see the HLDA pin description. 32 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet INT2/INTA0/PIO31 INT4/PIO30 Maskable Interrupt Request 2 (input, asynchronous) Interrupt Acknowledge 0 (output, synchronous) Maskable Interrupt Request 4 (input, asynchronous) INT2--This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If the INT2 pin is not masked, the microcontroller transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT2 vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table. Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT2 until the request is acknowledged. INT2 becomes INTA0 when INT0 is configured in cascade mode. INTA0--When the microcontroller interrupt control unit is operating in cascade mode, this pin indicates to the system that the microcontroller needs an interrupt type to process the interrupt request on INT0. The peripheral issuing the interrupt request must provide the microcontroller with the corresponding interrupt type. INT3/INTA1/IRQ Maskable Interrupt Request 3 (input, asynchronous) Interrupt Acknowledge 1 (output, synchronous) Slave Interrupt Request (output, synchronous) INT3--This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If the INT3 pin is not masked, the microcontroller then transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT3 vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table. R Interrupt requests are synchronized internally, and can be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT3 until the request is acknowledged. INT3 becomes INTA1 when INT1 is configured in cascade mode. D INTA1--When the microcontroller interrupt control unit is operating in cascade mode, this pin indicates to the system that the microcontroller needs an interrupt type to process the interrupt request on INT1. The peripheral issuing the interrupt request must provide the microcontroller with the corresponding interrupt type. IRQ--When the microcontroller interrupt control unit is operating as a slave to an external master interrupt controller, this pin lets the microcontroller issue an interrupt request to the external master interrupt controller. This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. If the INT4 pin is not masked, the microcontroller then transfers program execution to the location specified by the INT4 vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table. Interrupt requests are synchronized internally and can be edge-triggered or level-triggered. To guarantee interrupt recognition, the requesting device must continue asserting INT4 until the request is acknowledged. LCS/ONCE0 Lower Memory Chip Select (output, synchronous, internal pullup) ONCE Mode Request 0 (input) T F LCS--This pin indicates to the system that a memory access is in progress to the lower memory block. The size of the lower memory block is programmable up to 512 Kbyte. LCS is held High during a bus hold condition. ONCE0--During reset, this pin and ONCE1 indicate to the microcontroller the mode in which it should operate. ONCE0 and ONCE1 are sampled on the rising edge of RES. If both pins are asserted Low, the microcontroller enters ONCE mode; otherwise, it operates normally. A In ONCE mode, all pins assume a high-impedance state and remain in that state until a subsequent reset occurs. To guarantee that the microcontroller does not inadvertently enter ONCE mode, ONCE0 has a weak internal pullup resistor that is active only during reset. MCS3/RFSH/PIO25 Midrange Memory Chip Select 3 (output, synchronous, internal pullup) Automatic Refresh (output, synchronous) MCS3--This pin indicates to the system that a memory access is in progress to the four th region of the midrange memory block. The base address and size of the midrange memory block are programmable. MCS3 is held High during a bus hold condition. In addition, this pin has a weak internal pullup resistor that is active during reset. RFSH--This pin provides a signal timed for auto refresh to PSRAM devices. It is only enabled to function as a refresh pulse when the PSRAM mode bit is set in the LMCS Register. An active Low pulse is generated for 1.5 clock cycles with an adequate deassertion period to ensure that overall auto refresh cycle time is met. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 33 MCS2-MCS0 (MCS2/PIO24, MCS1/PIO15, MCS0/PIO14) Midrange Memory Chip Selects (output, synchronous, internal pullup) These pins indicate to the system that a memory access is in progress to the corresponding region of the midrange memory block. The base address and size of the midrange memory block are programmable. MCS2-MCS0 are held High during a bus hold condition. In addition, they have weak internal pullup resistors that are active during reset. Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the MCS outputs assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. peripheral memory block (either I/O or memory address space). The base address of the peripheral memory block is programmable. PCS3-PCS0 are held High during a bus hold condition. They are also held High during reset. PCS4 is not available on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. Unlike the UCS/LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also that each peripheral chip select asser ts over a 256-byte address range, which is twice the address range covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186/80C188 microcontrollers. NMI PCS5/A1/PIO3 Nonmaskable Interrupt (input, synchronous, edgesensitive) Peripheral Chip Select 5 (output, synchronous) Latched Address Bit 1 (output, synchronous) This pin indicates to the microcontroller that an interrupt request has occurred. The NMI signal is the highest priority hardware interrupt and, unlike the INT4- INT0 pins, cannot be masked. The microcontroller always transfers program execution to the location specified by the nonmaskable interrupt vector in the microcontroller interrupt vector table when NMI is asserted. PCS5--This pin indicates to the system that a memory access is in progress to the sixth region of the peripheral memory block (either I/O or memory address space). The base address of the peripheral memory block is programmable. PCS5 is held High during a bus hold condition. It is also held High during reset. Although NMI is the highest priority interrupt source, it does not participate in the priority resolution process of the maskable interrupts. There is no bit associated with NMI in the interrupt in-service or interrupt request registers. This means that a new NMI request can interrupt an executing NMI interrupt service routine. As with all hardware interrupts, the IF (interrupt flag) is cleared when the processor takes the interrupt, disabling the maskable interrupt sources. However, if maskable interrupts are reenabled by software in the NMI interrupt service routine, via the STI instruction for example, an NMI currently in service will not have any effect on the priority resolution of maskable interrupt requests. For this reason, it is strongly advised that the interrupt service routine for NMI does not enable the maskable interrupts. D R An NMI transition from Low to High is latched and synchronized internally, and it initiates the interrupt at the next instruction boundary. To guarantee that the interrupt is recognized, the NMI pin must be asserted for at least one CLKOUTA period. Because NMI is rising edge sensitive, holding the pin High during reset has no effect on program execution. PCS3-PCS0 (PCS3/PIO19, PCS2/PIO18, PCS1/PIO17, PCS0/PIO16) Peripheral Chip Selects (output, synchronous) These pins indicate to the system that a memory access is in progress to the corresponding region of the 34 T F Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also that each peripheral chip select asser ts over a 256-byte address range, which is twice the address range covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers. A A1--When the EX bit in the MCS and PCS auxiliary register is 0, this pin supplies an internally latched address bit 1 to the system. During a bus hold condition, A1 retains its previously latched value. PCS6/A2/PIO2 Peripheral Chip Select 6 (output, synchronous) Latched Address Bit 2 (output, synchronous) PCS6--This pin indicates to the system that a memory access is in progress to the seventh region of the peripheral memory block (either I/O or memory address space). The base address of the peripheral memory block is programmable. PCS6 is held High during a bus hold condition or reset. Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also that each peripheral chip select asser ts over a 256-byte address range, which is twice the address range covered by peripheral chip selects in earlier generations of the Am186/Am188 microcontrollers. A2--When the EX bit in the MCS and PCS auxiliary register is 0, this pin supplies an internally latched address bit 2 to the system. During a bus hold condition, A2 retains its previously latched value. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet PIO31-PIO0 (Shared) Programmable I/O Pins (input/output, asynchronous, open-drain) The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide 32 individually programmable I/O pins. Each PIO can be programmed with the following attributes: PIO function (enabled/disabled), direction (input/output), and weak pullup or pulldown. On the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, the internal pullup resistor has a value of approximately 100 kohms. The internal pulldown resistor has a value of approximately 100 kohms. The pins that are multiplexed with PIO31-PIO0 are listed in Table 3 and Table 4 on page 36. After power-on reset, the PIO pins default to various configurations. The column titled Power-On Reset Status in Table 3 and Table 4 lists the defaults for the PIOs. The system initialization code must reconfigure any PIOs as required. If PIO29 (S6/CLKSEL1) is to be used in input mode, the input device must not drive PIO29 Low during poweron reset. The pin defaults to a PIO input with pullup, so it does not need to be driven High externally. The A19-A17 address pins default to normal operation on power-on reset, allowing the processor to correctly begin fetching instructions at the boot address FFFF0h. The DT/R, DEN, and SRDY pins also default to normal operation on power-on reset. RD R Read Strobe (output, synchronous, three-state) This pin indicates to the system that the microcontroller is performing a memory or I/O read cycle. RD is guaranteed not to be asserted before the address and data bus is floated during the address-to-data transition. RD is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. RES D Reset (input, asynchronous, level-sensitive) This pin requires the microcontroller to perform a reset. When RES is asserted, the microcontroller immediately terminates its present activity, clears its internal logic, and CPU control is transferred to the reset address FFFF0h. RES must be held Low for at least 1 ms. RES can be asserted asynchronously to CLKOUTA because RES is synchronized internally. For proper initialization, V CC must be within specifications, and CLKOUTA must be stable for more than four CLKOUTA periods during which RES is asserted. serted. This input is provided with a Schmitt trigger to facilitate power-on RES generation via an RC network. RFSH2/ADEN (Am188TMER Microcontroller Only) Refresh 2 (three-state, output, synchronous) Address Enable (input, internal pullup) RFSH2--Asserted Low to signify a DRAM refresh bus cycle. The use of RFSH2/ADEN to signal a refresh is not valid when PSRAM mode is selected. Instead, the MCS3/RFSH signal is provided to the PSRAM. During reset, this pin is a pullup. This pin is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. ADEN--If RFSH2/ADEN is held High or left floating on power-on reset, the AD bus (AO15-AO8 and AD7-AD0) is enabled or disabled during the address portion of LCS and UCS bus cycles based on the DA bit in the LMCS and UMCS registers. If the DA bit is set, the memory address is accessed on the A19-A0 pins. This mode of operation reduces power consumption. For more information, see the Bus Operation section on page 41. There is a weak internal pullup resistor on RFSH2/ ADEN so no external pullup is required. T F If RFSH2/ADEN is held Low on power-on reset, the AD bus drives both addresses and data. Changing the DA bit of the LMCS and UMCS registers will have no effect. (S6 and UZI also assume their normal functionality in this instance. The PIO Mode and Direction registers cannot reconfigure these pins as PIOs. See Table 3 and Table 4 on page 36.) The pin is sampled within three crystal clock cycles after the rising edge of RES. RFSH2/ADEN is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. A Note: Once the above modes are set, they can be changed only by resetting the processor. RXD/PIO28 Receive Data (input, asynchronous) This pin supplies asynchronous serial receive data from the system to the internal UART of the microcontroller. S2 Bus Cycle Status (output, three-state, synchronous) S2--This pin indicates to the system the type of bus cycle in progress. S2 can be used as a logical memory or I/O indicator. S2-S0 are three-stated during bus holds, hold acknowledges, and ONCE mode. During reset, these pins are pullups. The S2-S0 pins are encoded as shown in Table 5 on page 37. The microcontroller begins fetching instructions approximately 6.5 CLKOUTA periods after RES is deas- Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 35 Table 3. Numeric PIO Pin Assignments PIO No. 0 Associated Pin TMRIN1 Power-On Reset Status Input with pullup Table 4. Alphabetic PIO Pin Assignments Associated Pin PIO No. Power-On Reset Status (1) 7 Normal operation(3) (1) A17 1 TMROUT1 Input with pulldown A18 8 Normal operation(3) 2 PCS6/A2 Input with pullup A19(1) 9 Normal operation(3) 3 PCS5/A1 Input with pullup DEN 5 Normal operation(3) 4 DT/R Normal operation(3) DRQ0 12 Input with pullup 5 DEN Normal operation(3) DRQ1 13 Input with pullup SRDY Normal operation (4) DT/R 4 Normal operation(3) A17 Normal operation(3) INT2 31 Input with pullup (1) A18 Normal operation (3) INT4 30 Input with pullup 9(1) A19 Normal operation(3) MCS0 14 Input with pullup 10 TMROUT0 Input with pulldown MCS1 15 Input with pullup 11 TMRIN0 Input with pullup MCS2 24 Input with pullup 12 DRQ0 Input with pullup MCS3/RFSH 13 DRQ1 Input with pullup PCS0 14 MCS0 Input with pullup PCS1 15 MCS1 Input with pullup PCS2 16 PCS0 Input with pullup PCS3 17 PCS1 Input with pullup PCS5/A1 18 PCS2 Input with pullup PCS6/A2 19 PCS3 Input with pullup 6 7(1) 8 20 SCLK Input with pullup 21 SDATA Input with pullup 22 SDEN0 Input with pulldown 23 SDEN1 Input with pulldown 24 MCS2 Input with pullup 25 MCS3/RFSH Input with pullup 26(1,2) UZI/CLKSEL2 Input with pullup D R T F 25 Input with pullup 16 Input with pullup 17 Input with pullup 18 Input with pullup 19 Input with pullup 3 Input with pullup 2 Input with pullup 28 Input with pullup 29 Input with pullup 20 Input with pullup 21 Input with pullup SDEN0 22 Input with pulldown SDEN1 23 Input with pulldown SRDY 6 Normal operation(4) TMRIN0 11 Input with pullup A RXD S6/CLKSEL1(1,2) SCLK SDATA 27 TXD Input with pullup TMRIN1 0 Input with pullup 28 RXD Input with pullup TMROUT0 10 Input with pulldown S6/CLKSEL1 Input with pullup TMROUT1 1 Input with pulldown INT4 Input with pullup TXD 27 Input with pullup Input with pullup UZI/CLKSEL2(1,2) 26 Input with pullup 29(1,2) 30 31 Notes: INT2 Notes: 1. These pins are used by emulators. (Emulators also use S2-S0, RES, NMI, CLKOUTA, BHE, ALE, AD15-AD0, and A16-A0.) 1. These pins are used by emulators. (Emulators also use S2-S0, RES, NMI, CLKOUTA, BHE, ALE, AD15-AD0, and A16-A0.) 2. These pins revert to normal operation if BHE/ADEN (Am186ER microcontroller) or RFSH2/ADEN (Am188ER microcontroller) is held Low during power-on reset. 3. When used as a PIO, input with pullup option available. 4. When used as a PIO, input with pulldown option available. 2. These pins revert to normal operation if BHE/ADEN (Am186ER microcontroller) or RFSH2/ADEN (Am188ER microcontroller) is held Low during power-on reset. 3. When used as a PIO, input with pullup option available. 4. When used as a PIO, input with pulldown option available. 36 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet S1/IMDIS Bus Cycle Status (output, three-state, synchronous) Internal Memory Disable (input, internal pullup) S1--This pin indicates to the system the type of bus cycle in progress. S1 can be used as a data transmit or receive indicator. S2-S0 are three-stated during bus holds, hold acknowledges, and ONCE mode. During reset, these pins are pullups. The S2-S0 pins are encoded as shown in Table 5. IMDIS--If asserted during reset, this pin disables internal memory. Internal memory disable mode is provided for emulation and debugging purposes. S0/SREN Bus Cycle Status (output, three-state, synchronous) Show Read Enable (input, internal pullup) S0--This pin indicates to the system the type of bus cycle in progress. S2-S0 are three-stated during bus holds, hold acknowledges, and ONCE mode. During reset, these pins are pullups. The S2-S0 pins are encoded as shown in Table 5. SREN--If asserted during reset, this pin enables data read from internal memory to be shown/driven on the AD15-AD0 bus. Note that if a byte read is being shown, the unused byte will also be driven on the AD15-AD0 bus.This mode is provided for emulation and debugging purposes. R Table 5. Bus Cycle Encoding Bus Cycle CLKSEL1--The clocking mode of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is controlled by UZI/ CLKSEL2/PIO26 and S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29. Both CLKSEL2 and CLKSEL1 are held High during poweron reset because of an internal pullup resistor. This is the default clocking mode--Times Four. If CLKSEL1 is held Low during power-on reset, the chip enters the Divide by Two clocking mode where the fundamental clock is derived by dividing the external clock input by 2. If Divide by Two mode is selected, the PLL is disabled. This pin is latched within three crystal clock cycles after the rising edge of RES. Refer to Reset Waveforms on page 100 and Signals Related to Reset Waveforms on page 100 to determine signal hold times. See Table 6 on page 39 for more information on the clocking modes. If S6 is used as PIO29 in input mode, the device driving PIO29 must not drive the pin Low during power-on reset. S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 defaults to a PIO input with pullup, so the pin does not need to be driven High externally. SCLK/PIO20 T F Serial Clock (output, synchronous) This pin supplies the synchronous serial interface (SSI) clock to a slave device, allowing transmit and receive operations to be synchronized between the microcontroller and the slave. SCLK is derived from the microcontroller internal clock and then divided by 2, 4, 8, or 16 depending on register settings. A An access to any of the SSR or SSD registers activates SCLK for eight SCLK cycles (see Figure 14 and Figure 15 on page 58). When SCLK is inactive, it is held High by the microcontroller. SCLK is three-stated during ONCE mode. S2 S1 S0 0 0 0 Interrupt acknowledge SDATA/PIO21 0 0 1 Read data from I/O Serial Data (input/output, synchronous) 0 1 0 Write data to I/O 0 1 1 Halt 1 0 0 Instruction fetch This pin transmits and receives synchronous serial interface (SSI) data to and from a slave device. When SDATA is inactive, a weak keeper holds the last value of SDATA on the pin. 1 0 1 Read data from memory 1 1 0 Write data to memory 1 1 1 None (passive) D S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 Bus Cycle Status Bit 6 (output, synchronous) Clock Select 1 (input, internal pullup) S6--During the second and remaining periods of a cycle (t2, t3, and t4), this pin is asserted High to indicate a DMA-initiated bus cycle. During a bus hold or reset condition, S6 is three-stated. SDEN1/PIO23, SDEN0/PIO22 Serial Data Enables (output, synchronous) These pins enable data transfers on port 1 and port 0 of the synchronous serial interface (SSI). The microcontroller asserts either SDEN1 or SDEN0 at the beginning of a transfer and deasserts it after the transfer is complete. When SDEN1-SDEN0 are inactive, they are held Low by the microcontroller. SDEN1-SDEN0 are three-stated during ONCE mode. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 37 SRDY/PIO6 UCS/ONCE1 Synchronous Ready (input, synchronous, level-sensitive) Upper Memory Chip Select (output, synchronous) ONCE Mode Request 1 (input, internal pullup) This pin indicates to the microcontroller that the addressed memory space or I/O device will complete a data transfer. The SRDY pin accepts an active High input synchronized to CLKOUTA. UCS--This pin indicates to the system that a memory access is in progress to the upper memory block. The base address and size of the upper memory block are programmable up to 512 Kbyte. UCS is held High during a bus hold condition. Using SRDY instead of ARDY allows a relaxed system timing because of the elimination of the one-half clock period required to internally synchronize ARDY. To always assert the ready condition to the microcontroller, tie SRDY High. If the system does not use SRDY, tie the pin Low to yield control to ARDY. When SRDY is configured as P106, the internal SRDY signal is driven low. After power-on reset, UCS is asserted because the microcontroller begins executing at FFFF0h and the default configuration for the UCS chip select is 64 Kbyte from F0000h to FFFFFh. This pin supplies a clock or control signal to the internal microcontroller timer 0. After internally synchronizing a Low-to-High transition on TMRIN0, the microcontroller increments the timer. TMRIN0 must be tied High if not being used. ONCE1--During reset, this pin and ONCE0 indicate to the microcontroller the mode in which it should operate. ONCE0 and ONCE1 are sampled on the rising edge of RES. If both pins are asserted Low, the microcontroller enters ONCE mode. Otherwise, it operates normally. In ONCE mode, all pins assume a high-impedance state and remain in that state until a subsequent reset occurs. To guarantee the microcontroller does not inadvertently enter ONCE mode, ONCE1 has a weak internal pullup resistor that is active only during a reset. TMRIN1/PIO0 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26 Timer Input 1 (input, synchronous, edge-sensitive) Upper Zero Indicate (output, synchronous) TMRIN0/PIO11 Timer Input 0 (input, synchronous, edge-sensitive) This pin supplies a clock or control signal to the internal microcontroller timer 1. After internally synchronizing a Low-to-High transition on TMRIN1, the microcontroller increments the timer. TMRIN1 must be tied High if not being used. TMROUT0/PIO10 R Timer Output 0 (output, synchronous) This pin supplies the system with either a single pulse or a continuous waveform with a programmable duty cycle. D TMROUT1/PIO1 Timer Output 1 (output, synchronous) This pin supplies the system with either a single pulse or a continuous waveform with a programmable duty cycle. TXD/PIO27 Transmit Data (output, asynchronous) This pin supplies asynchronous serial transmit data to the system from the internal UART of the microcontroller. 38 A T F UZI--This pin lets the designer determine if an access to the interrupt vector table is in progress by ORing it with bits 15-10 of the address and data bus (AD15-AD10 on the Am186ER microcontroller and AO15-AO10 on the Am188ER microcontroller). UZI is the logical AND of the inverted A19-A16 bits. UZI is not held throughout the cycle. UZI is asserted in the first period and deasserted in the second period of a bus cycle. UZI/CLKSEL2 is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. CLKSEL2--The clocking mode of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is controlled by UZI/ CLKSEL2/PIO26 and S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29 during reset. Both CLKSEL2 and CLKSEL1 are held High during power-on reset because of an internal pullup resistor. This is the default clocking mode--Times Four, which is used if neither clock select is asserted Low during reset. If CLKSEL2 is held Low during power-on reset, the microcontroller enters Times One mode. This pin is latched within three crystal clock cycles after the rising edge of RES. Refer to Reset Waveforms on page 100 and Signals Related to Reset Waveforms on page 100 to determine signal hold times. Note that clock selection must be stable four clock cycles prior to exiting reset (that is, RES going High). See Table 6 on page 39 for specifics on the clocking modes and how to specify them. UZI/CLKSEL2 is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet WR Table 6. Clocking Modes CLKSEL2 CLKSEL1 H H Times Four H L Divide by Two L H Times One L L Reserved1 Clocking Mode Notes: 1. The reserved clocking mode should not be used. Entering the reserved clocking mode may cause unpredictable system behavior. VCC Write Strobe (output, synchronous) This pin indicates to the system that the data on the bus is to be written to a memory or I/O device. WR is threestated during a bus hold or reset condition. X1 Crystal Input (input) This pin and the X2 pin provide connections for a fundamental mode crystal used by the internal oscillator circuit. If providing an external clock source, connect the source to X1 and leave X2 unconnected. Unlike the rest of the pins on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, X1 is not 5-V tolerant and has a maximum input equal to VCC. X2 Power Supply (input) These pins supply power (+3.3 V) to the microcontroller. WHB (Am186TMER Microcontroller Only) Write High Byte (output, three-state, synchronous) This pin and WLB indicate to the system which bytes of the data bus (upper, lower, or both) participate in a write cycle. In 80C186 designs, this information is provided by BHE, AD0, and WR. However, by using WHB and WLB, the standard system interface logic and external address latch that were required are eliminated. WHB is asserted with AD15-AD8. WHB is the logical OR of BHE and WR. During reset, this pin is a pullup. This pin is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. R WLB (Am186TMER Microcontroller Only) WB (Am188TMER Microcontroller Only) D T F Crystal Output (output) This pin and the X1 pin provide connections for a fundamental mode crystal used by the internal oscillator circuit. If providing an external clock source, connect the source to X1 and leave X2 unconnected. Unlike the rest of the pins on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, X2 is not 5-V tolerant. A Write Low Byte (output, three-state, synchronous) Write Byte (output, three-state, synchronous) WLB--This pin and WHB indicate to the system which bytes of the data bus (upper, lower, or both) participate in a write cycle. In 80C186 designs, this information is provided by BHE, AD0, and WR. However, by using WHB and WLB, the standard system interface logic and external address latch that were required are eliminated. WLB is asserted with AD7-AD0. WLB is the logical OR of A0 and WR. This pin is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. WB--On the Am188ER microcontroller, this pin indicates a write to the bus. WB uses the same early timing as the nonmultiplexed address bus. WB is associated with AD7-AD0. This pin is three-stated during bus holds and ONCE mode. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 39 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION Shift Left 4 Bits The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are based on the architecture of the original Am186 and Am188 microcontrollers and they function in the enhanced mode of the Am186 and Am188 microcontrollers. Enhanced mode includes system features such as power-save control. Each of the 8086, 8088, 80186, and 80188 microcontrollers contains the same basic set of registers, instructions, and addressing modes. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are backward compatible with the 80C186/80C188 and Am186/Am188 microcontrollers. A full description of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers' registers and instructions is included in the Am186ER and Am188ER Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21684. Memory Organization All instructions that address operands in memory must specify the segment value and the 16-bit offset value. For speed and compact instruction encoding, the segment register used for physical address generation is implied by the addressing mode used (see Table 7). D Instructions 40 2 A R Table 7. 4 19 2 A 0 15 0 2 4 Segment Logical 0 Base Address 2 Offset 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 2 0 A 2 2 0 6 19 2 Physical Address 0 T F To Memory Figure 3. Memory is organized in sets of segments. Each segment is a linear contiguous sequence of 64K (216) 8-bit bytes. Memory is addressed using a two-component address consisting of a 16-bit segment value and a 16bit offset. The 16-bit segment values are contained in one of four internal segment registers (CS, DS, SS, or ES). The physical address is calculated by shifting the segment value left by 4 bits and adding the 16-bit offset value to yield a 20-bit physical address (see Figure 3). This allows for a 1-Mbyte physical address size. Memory Reference Needed 1 1 15 I/O Space Two-Component Address Example The I/O space consists of 64K 8-bit or 32K 16-bit ports. Separate instructions (IN, INS and OUT, OUTS) address the I/O space with either an 8-bit port address specified in the instruction, or a 16-bit port address in the DX register. Eight-bit port addresses are zeroextended such that A15-A8 are Low. A Segment Register Selection Rules Segment Register Used Implicit Segment Selection Rule Code (CS) Instructions (including immediate data) Local Data Data (DS) All data references Stack Stack (SS) All stack pushes and pops; any memory references that use BP Register External Data (Global) Extra (ES) All string instruction references that use the DI Register as an index Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet BUS OPERATION BUS INTERFACE UNIT The industry-standard 80C186/80C188 microcontrollers use a multiplexed address and data (AD) bus. The address is present on the AD bus only during the t1 clock phase. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers continue to provide the multiplexed AD bus and, in addition, provide a nonmultiplexed address (A) bus. The A bus provides an address to the system for the complete bus cycle (t1-t4). The bus interface unit controls all accesses to external peripherals and memory devices. External accesses include those to memory devices, as well as those to memory-mapped and I/O-mapped peripherals and the peripheral control block. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide an enhanced bus interface unit with the following features: For systems where power consumption is a concern, the address can be disabled from being driven on the AD bus on the Am186ER microcontroller and on the AD and AO buses on the Am188ER microcontroller during the normal address portion of the bus cycle for accesses to UCS and/or LCS address spaces. In this mode, the affected bus is placed in a high-impedance state during the address portion of the bus cycle. This feature is enabled through the DA bits in the UMCS and LMCS registers. When address disable is in effect, the number of signals that assert on the bus during all normal bus cycles to the associated address space is reduced, thus decreasing power consumption, reducing processor switching noise, and preventing bus contention with memory devices and peripherals when operating at high clock rates. On the Am188ER microcontroller, the address is driven on A015-A08 during the data portion of the bus cycle, regardless of the setting of the DA bits. If the ADEN pin is pulled Low during processor reset, the value of the DA bits in the UMCS and LMCS registers is ignored and the address is driven on the AD bus for all accesses, thus preserving the industry-standard 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers' multiplexed address bus and providing support for existing emulation tools. D R Figure 4 on page 42 shows the affected signals during a normal read or write operation for an Am186ER microcontroller. The address and data will be multiplexed onto the AD bus. Figure 5 on page 42 shows an Am186ER microcontroller bus cycle when address bus disable is in effect. This results in having the AD bus operate in a nonmultiplexed data-only mode. The A bus will have the address during a read or write operation. Figure 6 on page 43 shows the affected signals during a normal read or write operation for an Am188ER microcontroller. The multiplexed address/data mode is compatible with the 80C188 microcontrollers and might be used to take advantage of existing logic or peripherals. n A nonmultiplexed address bus n Separate byte write enables for high and low bytes on the Am186ER microcontroller and a write enable on the Am188ER microcontroller n Pseudo Static RAM (PSRAM) support The standard 80C186/80C188 multiplexed address and data bus requires system interface logic and an external address latch. On the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, new byte write enables, PSRAM control logic, and a new nonmultiplexed address bus can reduce design costs by eliminating this external logic. T F Nonmultiplexed Address Bus The nonmultiplexed address bus (A19-A0) is valid onehalf CLKOUTA cycle in advance of the address on the AD bus. When used in conjunction with the modified UCS and LCS outputs and the byte write enable signals, the A19-A0 bus provides a seamless interface to external SRAM, PSRAM, and Flash/EPROM memory systems. A Byte Write Enables The Am186ER microcontroller provides the WHB (Write High Byte) and WLB (Write Low Byte) signals which act as byte write enables. The Am188ER microcontroller provides the WB (Write Byte) signal which acts as a write enable. WHB is the logical AND of BHE and WR. WHB is Low when both BHE and WR are Low. WLB is the logical AND of A0 and WR. WLB is Low when A0 and WR are both Low. WB is Low whenever a byte is written by the Am188ER microcontroller. The byte write enables are driven in conjunction with the nonmultiplexed address bus as required for the write timing requirements of common SRAMs. Output Enable The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide the RD (Read) signal which acts as an output enable. The RD signal is Low when a word or byte is read by the Am186ER or Am188ER microcontroller. Figure 7 on page 43 shows an Am188ER microcontroller bus cycle when address bus disable is in effect. The address and data is not multiplexed. The AD7-AD0 signals will have only data on the bus, while the A bus will have the address during a read or write operation. The AO bus will also have the address during t2-t4. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 41 t1 t2 t3 Address Phase t4 Data Phase CLKOUTA A19-A0 Address AD15-AD0 (Read) Address AD15-AD0 (Write) Address Data Data LCS or UCS MCSx, PCSx T F Figure 4. Am186TMER Microcontroller Address Bus--Normal Operation A t1 Address Phase CLKOUTA A19-A0 D AD7-AD0 (Read) AD15-AD8 (Read) AD15-AD0 (Write) R t2 t3 Data Phase t4 Address Data Data Data LCS or UCS Figure 5. Am186TMER Microcontroller--Address Bus Disable in Effect 42 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet t1 t2 t3 Address Phase t4 Data Phase CLKOUTA A19-A0 Address AD7-AD0 (Read) Address AO15-AO8 (Read or Write) AD7-AD0 (Write) Data Address Address T F Data LCS or UCS MCSx, PCSx A Figure 6. Am188TMER Microcontroller Address Bus--Normal Operation R t1 t2 Address Phase D CLKOUTA A19-A0 AD7-AD0 (Read) AO15-AO8 AD7-AD0 (Write) t3 t4 Data Phase Address Data Address Data LCS or UCS Figure 7. Am188TMER Microcontroller--Address Bus Disable in Effect Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 43 Pseudo Static RAM (PSRAM) Support Reading and Writing the PCB The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers support the use of PSRAM devices in low memory chip-select (LCS) space only. When PSRAM mode is enabled, the timing for the LCS signal is modified by the chip-select control unit to provide a CS precharge period during PS RA M ac c es s es. T he 50 - MHz ti m in g of th e Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is appropriate to allow 70-ns PSRAM to run with one wait state. PSRAM mode is enabled through a bit in the Low Memory Chip-Select (LMCS) Register. The PSRAM feature is disabled on CPU reset. Code intended to execute on the Am188ER microcontroller should perform all writes to the PCB registers as byte writes. These writes will transfer 16 bits of data to the PCB Register even if an 8-bit register is named in the instruction. For example, out dx, al results in the ax value being written to the port address in dx. Reads to the PCB should be done as word reads. Code written in this manner will run correctly on the Am188ER and Am186ER microcontrollers. In addition to the LCS timing changes for PSRAM precharge, the PSRAM devices also require periodic refresh of all internal row addresses to retain their data. Although refresh of PSRAM can be accomplished several ways, the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers implement auto refresh only. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers generate RFSH, a refresh signal, to the PSRAM devices when PSRAM mode is enabled. No refresh address is required by the PSRAM when using the auto refresh mechanism. The RFSH signal is multiplexed with the MCS3 signal pin. When PSRAM mode is enabled, MCS3 is not available for use as a chip-select signal. The refresh control unit must be programmed before accessing PSRAM in LCS space. The refresh counter in the Clock Prescaler (CDRAM) Register must be configured with the required refresh interval value. The refresh counter reload value in the CDRAM Register should not be set to less than 18 (12h) in order to provide time for processor cycles between refreshes. The refresh address counter must be set to 000000h to prevent the MCS3-MCS0 or PCS6-PCS0 chip selects from asserting. UCS may randomly assert during a PSRAM refresh. D R LCS is held High and the A bus is not used during refresh cycles. The LMCS Register must be configured to external ready ignored (R2 = 1) with one wait state (R1-R0 = 01b), and the PSRAM mode enable bit (SE) must be set. The ending address of LCS space in the LMCS Register must also be programmed. PERIPHERAL CONTROL BLOCK (PCB) The integrated peripherals of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are controlled by 16-bit read/write registers. The peripheral registers are contained within an internal 256-byte control block. The registers are physically located in the peripheral devices they control, but they are addressed as a single 256-byte block. Figure 9 on page 46 shows a map of these registers. Unaligned reads and writes to the PCB result in unpredictable behavior on both the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. For a complete description of all the registers in the PCB, refer to the Am186ER and Am188ER Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21684. The clock and power management unit of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers includes a phase-locked loop (PLL) and a second programmable system clock output (CLKOUTB). Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) In a traditional 80C186/80C188 design, the internal clock frequency is half the frequency of the crystal. Because of the internal PLL on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, the internal clock generated by both microcontrollers can operate at up to four times the frequency of the crystal. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers operate in the following modes: A n Divide by Two--Frequency of the system clock is half the frequency of the crystal with PLL disabled. n Times One--Frequency of the system clock will be the same as the external crystal with PLL enabled. n Times Four--Frequency of the system clock is four times the frequency of the crystal with PLL enabled. The default Times Four mode must be used for processor frequencies above 40 MHz. The Divide by Two mode should be used for frequencies below 16 MHz. The clocking mode is selected using CLKSEL1 and CLKSEL2 on reset. Table 8 provides the maximum and minimum frequencies for X1, X2, and CLKOUTA according to clocking mode. Table 8. Maximum and Minimum Clock Frequencies Mode X1/X2 Max X1/X2 Min CLKOUTA Max CLKOUTA Min Divide by 2 40 MHz 30 MHz 20 MHz 15 MHz Times 1 40 MHz 16 MHz 40 MHz 16 MHz 12.5 MHz 4 MHz 50 MHz 16 MHz Times 4 44 T F CLOCK AND POWER MANAGEMENT Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Crystal-Driven Clock Source The internal oscillator circuit of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is designed to function with a parallel-resonant fundamental mode crystal. Because of the PLL, the crystal frequency can be twice, equal to, or one quarter of the processor frequency. Do not replace a crystal with an LC or RC equivalent. See Figure 8 for a diagram of oscillator configurations. The X1 and X2 signals are connected to an internal inverting amplifier (oscillator) that provides, along with the external feedback loading, the necessary phase shift. In such a positive feedback circuit, the inverting amplifier has an output signal (X2) 180 degrees out of phase of the input signal (X1). The external feedback network provides an additional 180-degree phase shift. In an ideal system, the input to X1 will have 360 or zero degrees of phase shift. The external feedback network is designed to be as close to ideal as possible. If the feedback network is not providing necessary phase shift, negative feedback will dampen the output of the amplifier and negatively affect the operation of the clock generator. Values for the loading on X1 and X2 must be chosen to provide the necessary phase shift and crystal operation. Selecting a Crystal When selecting a crystal, the load capacitance should always be specified (CL). This value can cause variance in the oscillation frequency from the desired specified value (resonance). The load capacitance and the loading of the feedback network have the following relationship: CL = (C1 C2) + CS (C1 + C2) D X1 X2 R where CS is the stray capacitance of the circuit. Placing the crystal and CL in series across the inverting amplifier and tuning these values (C1, C2) allows the crystal to oscillate at resonance. Finally, there is a relationship between C1 and C2. To enhance the oscillation of the inverting amplifier, these values need to be offset with the larger load on the output (X2). Equal values of these loads will tend to balance the poles of the inverting amplifier. The characteristics of the inverting amplifier set limits on the following parameters for crystals: ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance)60-ohm max Drive Level .......................... 500-mW max The recommended range of values for C1 and C2 are as follows: C1 ........................................ 15 pF 20% T F C2 ........................................ 22 pF 20% The specific values for C1 and C2 must be determined by the designer and are dependent on the characteristics of the chosen crystal and board design. External Source Clock Alternately, the internal oscillator can be driven by an external clock source. The external clock source should be connected to the input of the inverting amplifier (X1) with the output (X2) left unconnected. X1 and X2 are not 5-V tolerant and X1 has a maximum input equal to VCC. A C1 X1 Crystal Oscillator To PLL C2 X2 Am188ER/ Am186ER Microcontroller Am188ER/ Am186ER Microcontroller a. External Clock Configuration Oscillator To PLL b. Crystal Configuration Notes: X1 and X2 are not 5-V tolerant. The X1 maximum input is VCC. Figure 8. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Oscillator Configurations Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 45 Offset (Hexadecimal) FE F6 Register Name Peripheral Control Block Relocation Register w w Reset Configuration Register * F4 Processor Release Level Register F0 PDCON Register w ** E6 w Watchdog Timer Control Register E4 Enable RCU Register E2 Clock Prescaler Register E0 Memory Partition Register w w DA DMA 1 Control Register D8 DMA 1 Transfer Count Register D6 DMA 1 Destination Address High Register D4 DMA 1 Destination Address Low Register D2 DMA 1 Source Address High Register D0 DMA 1 Source Address Low Register CA DMA 0 Control Register C8 DMA 0 Transfer Count Register C6 DMA 0 Destination Address High Register C4 DMA 0 Destination Address Low Register C2 DMA 0 Source Address High Register C0 R DMA 0 Source Address Low Register D ** AC A T F w A8 w Internal Memory Chip Select Register Note: Gaps in offset addresses indicate reserved registers. No access should be made to reserved registers. PCS and MCS Auxiliary Register A6 Midrange Memory Chip Select Register A4 Peripheral Chip Select Register A2 Low Memory Chip Select Register A0 Upper Memory Chip Select Register w Changed from original Am186 microcontroller w 88 Serial Port Baud Rate Divisor Register 86 Serial Port Receive Register 84 Serial Port Transmit Register 82 80 Serial Port Status Register * ** Changed from Am186EM and Am188EM microcontrollers New to the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers Serial Port Control Register Figure 9. Peripheral Control Block Register Map 46 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Offset (Hexadecimal) w Register Name 7A PIO Data 1 Register 78 PIO Direction 1 Register 76 74 PIO Mode 1 Register PIO Data 0 Register 72 PIO Direction 0 Register 70 PIO Mode 0 Register w w 66 Timer 2 Mode/Control Register 62 Timer 2 Maxcount Compare A Register Timer 2 Count Register 60 5E Timer 1 Mode/Control Register 5C Timer 1 Maxcount Compare B Register Timer 1 Maxcount Compare A Register 5A 58 Timer 1 Count Register Timer 0 Mode/Control Register Timer 0 Maxcount Compare B Register 56 54 52 Timer 0 Maxcount Compare A Register Timer 0 Count Register 50 w 44 Serial Port Interrupt Control Register 42 Watchdog Timer Interrupt Control Register INT4 Control Register 40 3E R T F DMA 0 Interrupt Control Register D 2E 2C w INT0 Control Register DMA 1 Interrupt Control Register 38 30 A INT3 Control Register INT2 Control Register INT1 Control Register 3C 3A 36 34 32 w Timer Interrupt Control Register Interrupt Status Register Interrupt Request Register In-service Register 2A Priority Mask Register 28 Interrupt Mask Register 26 Poll Status Register 24 22 Poll Register End-of-Interrupt Register 20 18 Interrupt Vector Register Synchronous Serial Receive Register 16 Synchronous Serial Transmit 0 Register 14 Synchronous Serial Transmit 1 Register 12 Synchronous Serial Enable Register 10 Synchronous Serial Status Register Notes: Gaps in offset addresses indicate reserved registers. No access should be made to reserved registers. Changed from original Am186 microcontroller Figure 9. Peripheral Control Block Register Map (Continued) Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 47 PSEN1 Power-Save Divisor1 (/1 to /128) CLKSEL2 CAF1 CAD1 Mux PLL 1x or 4x CPU Clock Mux CLKOUTA Mux Fundamental Clock X1, X2 Input Clock CBF1 /2 Mux CLKSEL1 CBD1 Time Delay 6 2.5ns CLKOUTB Notes: 1. Set via PDCON Register Figure 10. Clock Organization System Clocks The base system clock of the original Am186/Am188 microcontrollers is renamed CLKOUTA and the additional output is called CLKOUTB. CLKOUTA and CLKOUTB operate at either the fundamental processor frequency or the CPU clock (power-save) frequency. Figure 10 shows the organization of the clocks. The second clock output (CLKOUTB) allows one clock to run at the fundamental frequency and the other clock to run at the CPU (power-save) frequency. Individual drive enable bits allow selective enabling of just one, or both, of these clock outputs. Power-Save Operation R T h e Pow e r - S ave m o d e o f t h e A m 1 8 6 E R a n d Am188ER microcontrollers reduces power consumption and heat dissipation, thereby extending battery life in portable systems. In Power-Save mode, operation of the CPU and internal peripherals continues at a slower clock frequency. When a hardware interrupt occurs, the microcontroller automatically returns to its normal operating frequency. The microcontroller remains in Power-Save mode for software interrupts and traps. D Note: Power-save operation requires that clockdependent peripherals be reprogrammed for clock frequency changes. Software drivers must be aware of clock frequency. T F as RES is active. After RES becomes inactive and an internal processing interval elapses, the microcontroller begins execution with the instruction at physical location FFFF0h. RES also sets some registers to predefined values. Note that all clock selection (S6/ CLKSEL1 and UZI/CLKSEL2) must be stable four clocks prior to the deassertion of RES. Activating the PLL will require 1 ms to achieve a stable clock. A Reset Configuration Register When the RES input is asserted Low, the contents of the address/data bus (AD15-AD0) are written into the Reset Configuration Register. The system can place configuration information on the address/data bus using weak external pullup or pulldown resistors, or using an external driver that is enabled during reset. The processor does not drive the address/data bus during reset. For example, the Reset Configuration Register could be used to provide the software with the position of a configuration switch in the system. Using weak external pullup and pulldown resistors on the address and data bus, the system would provide the microcontroller with a value corresponding to the position of the jumper during a reset. The Reset Configuration Register can only be modified during reset. This register is read-only during normal operation. Initialization and Processor Reset Processor initialization or startup is accomplished by driving the RES input pin Low. RES must be held Low for 1 ms during power-up to ensure proper device initialization. RES forces the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers to terminate all execution and local bus activity. No instruction or bus activity occurs as long 48 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet CHIP-SELECT UNIT The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers contain logic that provides programmable chip-select generation for both memories and peripherals. The logic can be programmed to provide external ready and waitstate generation and latched address bits A1 and A2. The chip-select lines are active for all memory and I/O cycles in their programmed areas, whether they are generated by the CPU or by the integrated DMA unit. Chip-Select Timing The timing for the UCS and LCS outputs is modified from the original Am186 microcontroller. These outputs now assert in conjunction with the nonmultiplexed address bus for normal memory timing. To enable these outputs to be available earlier in the bus cycle, the number of programmable memory size selections has been reduced. Ready and Wait-State Programming The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers can be programmed to sense a ready signal for each of the external peripheral or memory chip-select lines. The external ready signal can be either the ARDY or SRDY signal as shown in Figure 11. For diagrams of the synchronous ready waveforms and asynchronous ready waveforms, refer to page 97. Each external chip-select ARDY CLKOUTA D SRDY D R control register (UMCS, LMCS, MMCS, PACS, and MPCS) contains a single-bit field that determines whether the external ready signal is required or ignored. The internal memory ignores the external ready signal. The number of wait states to be inserted for each access to an external peripheral or memory region is programmable. The chip-select control registers for UCS, LCS, MCS3-MCS0, PCS6, and PCS5 contain a two-bit field that determines the number of wait states from zero to three to be inserted. PCS3-PCS0 use three bits to provide additional values of 5, 7, 9, and 15 wait states. The chip-select control register for internal memory always specifies no wait states. When external ready is required, internally programmed wait states will always complete before external ready can terminate or extend a bus cycle. For example, if the internal wait states are set to insert two wait states, the processor samples the external ready pin during the first wait cycle. If external ready is asserted at that time, the access completes after six cycles (four cycles plus two wait states). If external ready is not asserted during the first wait state, the access is extended until ready is asserted, which is followed by one more wait state followed by t4. A Q T F Bus Ready Rising Edge D Q Falling Edge D Q Falling Edge Figure 11. ARDY and SRDY Synchronization Logic Diagram Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 49 Memory Maps There are several possible ways to configure the address space of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcon- trollers. Four of the most popular configurations are shown in Figure 12. 1 Mbyte 1 Mbyte External Flash (UCS) External Flash (UCS) 1 Mbyte 1 Mbyte 768 Kbytes External Flash (UCS) External Flash (UCS) Internal RAM 512 Kbytes 512 Kbytes 768 Kbytes 544 Kbytes 512 Kbytes External RAM (MCS3-MCS0) 256 Kbytes External RAM (LCS) External RAM (MCS) 32 Kbytes Internal RAM 512 Kbytes Flash No External RAM 32 Kbytes Internal RAM 0 Kbyte 0 Kbyte 256 Kbytes Flash Internal RAM at 0 32 Kbytes External RAM Internal RAM A Figure 12. Example Memory Maps D 50 0 Kbyte 0 Kbyte 512 Kbytes Flash Internal RAM at 0 256 Kbytes External RAM Shaded areas represent open memory that can be used by other chip selects and the PCB, if located in memory. R T F 32 Kbytes 256 Kbytes Flash 512 Kbytes External RAM Internal RAM Located Above External RAM Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Chip-Select Overlap Although programming the various chip selects on the Am186ER microcontroller so that multiple chip select signals are asserted for the same physical address is not recommended, it may be unavoidable in some systems. In such systems, the chip selects whose assertions overlap must have the same configuration for ready (external ready required or not required) and the number of wait states to be inserted into the cycle by the processor. The peripheral control block (PCB) and the internal memory are both accessed using internal signals. These internal signals function as chip selects configured with zero wait states and no external ready. Therefore, the PCB and inter nal memor y can be programmed to addresses that overlap external chip select signals if those external chip selects are programmed to zero wait states with no external ready required. When overlapping an additional chip select with either the LCS or UCS chip selects, it must be noted that setting the Disable Address (DA) bit in the LMCS or UMCS register will disable the address from being driven on the AD bus for all accesses for which the associated chip select is asserted, including any accesses for which multiple chip selects assert. The MCS and PCS chip select pins can be configured as either chip selects (normal function) or as PIO inputs or outputs. It should be noted; however, that the ready and wait state generation logic for these chip selects is in effect regardless of their configurations as chip selects or PIOs. This means that if these chip selects are enabled (by a write to the MMCS and MPCS for the MCS chip selects, or by a write to the PACS and MPCS registers for the PCS chip selects), the ready and wait state programming for these signals must agree with the programming for any other chip selects with which their assertion would overlap if they were configured as chip selects. D R Although the PCS4 signal is not available on an external pin, the ready and wait state logic for this signal still exists internal to the part. For this reason, the PCS4 address space must follow the rules for overlapping chip selects. The ready and wait-state logic for PCS6-PCS5 is disabled when these signals are configured as address bits A2-A1. Failure to configure overlapping chip selects with the same ready and wait state requirements may cause the processor to hang with the appearance of waiting for a ready signal. This behavior may occur even in a system in which ready is always asserted (ARDY or SRDY tied High). Configuring PCS in I/O space with LCS or any other chip select configured for memory address 0 is not consid- ered overlapping of the chip selects. Overlapping chip selects refers to configurations where more than one chip select asserts for the same physical address. Upper Memory Chip Select The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide a UCS chip select for the top of memory. On reset, the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers begin fetching and executing instructions starting at memory location FFFF0h. Therefore, upper memory is usually used as instruction memory. To facilitate this usage, UCS defaults to active on reset, with a default memory range of 64 Kbyte from F0000h to FFFFFh, with external ready required and three wait states automatically inserted. The UCS memory range always ends at FFFFFh. The lower boundary is programmable. The Upper Memory Chip Select is configured through the Upper Memory Chip Select (UMCS) Register. T F During the address phase of a bus cycle when UCS is asserted, the DA bit in the UMCS Register enables or disables the AD15-AD0 bus. If the DA bit is set to 1, AD15-AD0 is not driven during the address phase of a bus cycle when UCS is asserted. If DA is cleared to 0, AD15-AD0 is driven during the address phase of a bus cycle. Disabling AD15-AD0 reduces power consumption and eliminates potential bus conflicts with memory or peripherals at high clock rates. The DA bit in the UMCS Register defaults to 0 at power-on reset. A Low Memory Chip Select The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide an LCS chip select for the bottom of memory. Because the interrupt vector table is located at the bottom of memory starting at 00000h, the LCS pin has traditionally been used to control data memory. The LCS pin is not active on reset. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers also allow the IMCS Register and internal memory to be programmed to address 0. This would allow the internal memory to be used for the interrupt vector table and data memory. Midrange Memory Chip Selects The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide four chip selects, MCS3-MCS0, for use in a user-locatable memory block. The base address of the memory block can be located anywhere within the 1-Mbyte memory address space, exclusive of the areas associated with the UCS and LCS chip selects, as well as the address range of the Peripheral Chip Selects, PCS6, PCS5, and PCS3-PCS0, if they are mapped to memory. The MCS address range can overlap the PCS address range if the PCS chip selects are mapped to I/O space. Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the MCS outputs assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 51 Peripheral Chip Selects The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide six chip selects, PCS6-PCS5 and PCS3-PCS0, for use within a user-locatable memory or I/O block. PCS4 is not available on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. The base address of the memory block can be located anywhere within the 1-Mbyte memory address space, exclusive of the areas associated with the UCS, LCS, and MCS chip selects, or they can be configured to access the 64-Kbyte I/O space. The PCS pins are not active on reset. PCS6-PCS5 can have from zero to three wait states. PCS3-PCS0 can have four additional wait-state values--5, 7, 9, and 15. Unlike the UCS and LCS chip selects, the PCS outputs assert with the multiplexed AD address bus. Note also that each peripheral chip select asser ts over a 256-byte address range, which is twice the address range covered by peripheral chip selects in the 80C186 and 80C188 microcontrollers. INTERNAL MEMORY The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide 32 Kbyte of on-chip RAM. The integration of memory helps to reduce the overall cost, power, and size of system designs. The internal memory also improves reliability with fewer connections and eases inventory management and system qualification because of the integrated supply. The internal RAM for the Am186ER microcontroller is a 16K x 16-bit-wide array (32 Kbyte) which provides the same performance as 16-bit external zero-wait-state RAM. For the Am188ER microcontroller, the internal RAM is a 32K x 8-bit-wide array (32 Kbyte) that provides the same performance as 8-bit external zero wait-state RAM. D R Interaction with External RAM The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers include an Internal Memory Chip Select (IMCS) Register to control the mapping of the internal RAM. The internal address space can be located at any 32-Kbyte boundary within the 1-Mbyte memory address space, provided that it does not overlap any external chip selects. If an overlap does occur, the external chip select must be set to 0 wait states and to ignore external ready. If the internal and external chip selects overlap, both will be active, but the internal memory data will be used on reads. Writes, with all the corresponding external control signals, will occur to both devices. Special system consideration must be made for show read cycles, since those cycles will drive data out on reads. The base address of the internal RAM is determined by the value of bits BA19-BA15 in the IMCS Register. Because the interrupt vector table is located at 00000h, it is not unusual to store the interrupt vector table in the internal RAM for faster access, and thus program the IMCS Register for a base address of 0. However, this scenario may lead to a memory address overlap between the IMCS and low memory chip select (LMCS) registers, as the base address of the LMCS Register is always 0 if activated. Emulator and Debug Modes There are two debug modes associated with the internal memory. One mode allows users to disable the internal RAM, and the other mode makes it possible to drive data on the external data bus during internal RAM read cycles. Normal operation of internal RAM has all control signals for reads and writes and data for writes visible externally. Accesses to internal memory can be detected externally by comparing the address on A19-A0 with the address space of the internal memory. T F Internal Memory Disable When this mode is activated, the internal RAM is disabled and all accesses into the internal memory space are made externally for debugging purposes. This mode is activated by pulling the S1/IMDIS pin Low during reset. To use this debug mode, internal memory space must first be activated via the IMCS Register. A Show Read Enable When this mode is activated, the data from the internal RAM read cycles are driven on the AD15-AD0 bus. Note that if a byte read is being shown, the unused byte will also be driven on the AD15-AD0 bus. This mode can be activated externally by pulling the S0/SREN pin Low during reset or by setting the SR bit in the IMCS Register. If this feature is activated externally using the SREN pin, the value of the SR bit is ignored. Many emulators assert the SREN pin. During an internal memory read with show read enabled, the address will be driven on the AD bus during t1 and t2. The data being read will be driven on the AD bus during t3 and t4 by the Am186ER or Am188ER microcontrollers. Special system care must be taken to avoid bus contention, because normal reads have the AD bus three-stated during t2, t3, and t4. It is best to ensure that no external device overlaps the internal memory space. If internal and external chip selects overlap and the external chip selects are not set to 0 wait states and to ignore external ready, the results are unpredictable. Because of the many potential problems with overlapping chip selects, this practice is not recommended. 52 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet REFRESH CONTROL UNIT The Refresh Control Unit (RCU) automatically generates refresh bus cycles. After a programmable period of time, the RCU generates a memory read request to the bus interface unit. If the address generated during a refresh bus cycle is within the range of a properly programmed chip select, that chip select (with the exception of UCS and LCS) is activated when the bus interface unit executes the refresh bus cycle. The ready logic and wait states programmed for the region are also in force. If no chip select is activated, then external ready is required to terminate the refresh bus cycle. If the HLDA pin is active when a refresh request is generated (indicating a bus hold condition), then the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers deactivate the HLDA pin in order to perform a refresh cycle. The external bus master must remove the HOLD signal for at least one clock in order to allow the refresh cycle to execute. The sequence of HLDA going inactive while HOLD is being held active can be used to signal a pending refresh request. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers' HOLD latency time, the period between HOLD request and HOLD acknowledge, is a function of the activity occurring in the processor when the HOLD request is received. A HOLD request is second only to DRAM refresh requests in priority of activity requests received by the processor. For example, in the case of a DMA transfer, the HOLD latency can be as great as four bus cycles. This occurs if a DMA word transfer operation is taking place from an odd address to an odd address (Am186ER microcontroller only). This is a total of 16 or more clock cycles if wait states are required. In addition, if locked transfers are performed, the HOLD latency time is increased by the length of the locked transfer. D R INTERRUPT CONTROL UNIT The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers can receive interrupt requests from a variety of sources, both internal and external. The internal interrupt controller arranges these requests by priority and presents them one at a time to the CPU. There are six external interrupt sources on the Am186ER/Am188ER microcontrollers--five maskable interrupt pins and one nonmaskable interrupt pin. In addition, there are six total internal interrupt sources-- three timers, two DMA channels, and the asynchronous serial port--that are not connected to external pins. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide three interrupt sources not present on the Am186 and Am188 microcontrollers. The first is an additional external interrupt pin (INT4), which operates much like the already existing interrupt pins (INT3-INT0). The second is an internal maskable watchdog timer interrupt. The third is an internal interrupt from the asynchronous serial port. The five maskable interrupt request pins can be used as direct interrupt requests. Plus, INT3-INT0 can be cascaded with an 82C59A-compatible external interrupt controller if more inputs are needed. An external interrupt controller can be used as the system master by programming the internal interrupt controller to operate in slave mode. In all cases, nesting can be enabled so that ser vice routines for lower priority interrupts are interrupted by a higher priority interrupt. Programming the Interrupt Control Unit The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide two methods for masking and unmasking the maskable interrupt sources. Each interrupt source has an interrupt control register (offsets 32h-44h) that contains a mask bit specific to that interrupt. In addition, the Interrupt Mask Register (offset 28h) is provided as a single source to access all of the mask bits. While changing a mask bit in either the mask register or the individual register will change the corresponding mask bit in the other register, there is a difference in exactly how the mask is updated. T F If the Interrupt Mask Register is written while interrupts are enabled, it is possible that an interrupt could occur while the register is in an undefined state. This can cause interrupts to be accepted even though they were masked both before and after the write to the Interrupt Mask Register. Therefore, the Interrupt Mask Register should only be written when interrupts are disabled. Mask bits in the individual interrupt control registers can be written while interrupts are enabled, and there will be no erroneous interrupt operation. A TIMER CONTROL UNIT There are three 16-bit programmable timers in the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. Timer 0 and timer 1 are connected to four external pins (each has an input and an output). These two timers can be used to count, time external events, or generate nonrepetitive or variable-duty-cycle waveforms. In addition, timer 1 can be configured as a watchdog timer interrupt. Note that a hardware watchdog timer (WDT) has been added to the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. Use of the WDT is recommended for applications requiring this reset functionality. To maintain compatibility with previous versions of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, Timer 1 can be configured as a watchdog timer and can generate a maskable watchdog timer interrupt. The maskable watchdog timer interrupt provides a mechanism for detecting software crashes or hangs. The TMROUT1 output is internally connected to the watchdog timer interrupt. The TIMER1 Count Register must then be reloaded at intervals less than the TIMER1 max count to assure the watchdog interrupt is not taken. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 53 If the code crashes or hangs, the TIMER1 countdown will cause a watchdog interrupt. Timer 2 is not connected to any external pins. It can be used for real-time coding and time-delay applications. It can also be used as a prescale to timers 0 and 1, or as a DMA request source. The timers are controlled by eleven 16-bit registers in the peripheral control block. A timer's timer-count register contains the current value of that timer. The timercount register can be read or written with a value at any time, whether the timer is running or not. The microcontroller increments the value of the timer-count register each time a timer event occurs. Each timer also has a maximum-count register that defines the maximum value the timer will reach. When the timer reaches the maximum value, it resets to 0 during the same clock cycle--the value in the maximum-count register is never stored in the timer-count register. Also, timers 0 and 1 have a secondary maximum-count register. Using both the primary and secondary maximumcount registers lets the timer alternate between two maximum values. If the timer is programmed to use only the primary maximum-count register, the timer output pin switches Low for one clock cycle after the maximum value is reached. If the timer is programmed to use both of its maximumcount registers, the output pin indicates which maximum-count register is currently in control, thereby creating a waveform. The duty cycle of the waveform depends on the values in the maximum-count registers. R Each timer is serviced every fourth clock cycle, so a timer can operate at a speed of up to one-quarter the internal clock frequency. A timer can be clocked externally at this same frequency; however, because of internal synchronization and pipelining of the timer circuitry, the timer output may take up to six clock cycles to respond to the clock or gate input. D WATCHDOG TIMER The Am186ER/Am188ER microcontrollers provide a hardware watchdog timer. The Watchdog Timer (WDT) can be used to regain control of the system when software fails to respond as expected. The WDT is inactive after reset. It can be modified only once by a keyed sequence of writes to the Watchdog Timer Control Register (WDTCON) following reset. This single write can either disable the timer or modify the timeout period and the action taken upon timeout. A keyed sequence is also required to reset the current WDT count. This behavior ensures that randomly executing code will not prevent a WDT event from occurring. The WDT supports up to a 1.34-second timeout period in a 50-MHz system. 54 The WDT can be configured to cause either an NMI interrupt or a system reset upon timeout. If the WDT is configured for NMI, the NMIFLAG in the WDTCON Register is set when the NMI is generated. The NMI interrupt service routine (ISR) should examine this flag to determine if the interrupt was generated by the WDT or by an external source. If the NMIFLAG is set, the ISR should clear the flag by writing the correct keyed sequence to the WDTCON Register. If the NMIFLAG is set when a second WDT timeout occurs, a WDT system reset is generated rather than a second NMI event. When the processor takes a WDT reset, either because of a single WDT event with the WDT configured to generate resets or due to a WDT event with the NMIFLAG set, the RSTFLAG in the WDTCON Register is set. This allows system initialization code to differentiate between a hardware reset and a WDT reset and take appropriate action. The RSTFLAG is cleared when the WDTCON Register is read or written. The processor does not resample external pins during a WDT reset. This means that the clocking, the Reset Configuration Register, and any other features that are user-selectable during reset do not change when a WDT system reset occurs. PIO Mode and PIO Direction registers are not affected and PIO data is undefined. All other activities are identical to those of a normal system reset. A T F Note: The Watchdog Timer (WDT) is inactive after reset. DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS Direct memory access (DMA) permits transfer of data between memory and peripherals without CPU involvement. The DMA unit in the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers, shown in Figure 13, provides two high-speed DMA channels. Data transfers can occur between memory and I/O spaces (e.g., memory to I/O) or within the same space (e.g., memory-to-memory or I/O-to-I/O). Additionally, bytes (also words on the Am186ER microcontroller) can be transferred to or from even or odd addresses. Only two bus cycles (a minimum of eight clocks) are necessary for each data transfer. Each channel accepts a DMA request from one of the four sources: the channel request pin (DRQ1-DRQ0), Timer 2, a serial port, or system software. The two DMA channels can be programmed with different priorities to resolve simultaneous DMA requests, and transfers on one channel can interrupt the other channel. The DMA channels can be directly connected to the asynchronous serial port. DMA and serial port transfer is accomplished by programming the DMA controller to perform transfers between a data source in memory or I/O space and a serial port transmit or receive register. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet DMA Operation Each channel has six registers in the peripheral control block that define specific channel operations. The DMA registers consist of a 20-bit source address (two registers), a 20-bit destination address (two registers), a 16bit transfer count register, and a 16-bit control register. The DMA transfer count register (DTC) specifies the number of DMA transfers to be performed. Up to 64K transfers can be performed with automatic termination. The DMA control registers define the channel operation. All registers can be modified during any DMA activity. Any changes made to the DMA registers are reflected immediately in DMA operation. For DMA from the asynchronous serial port, the receive data register address, either I/O-mapped or memory-mapped, should be specified as a byte source for the DMA by writing the address of the register into the DMA Source and DMA Source High registers. The source address (the address of the receive data register) should be configured as a constant throughout the DMA. The asynchronous serial port receiver acts as the synchronizing device; therefore, the DMA channel should be configured as source- synchronized. DMA Channel Control Registers Each DMA control register determines the mode of operation for the particular DMA channel. This register specifies the following: The Am188ER microcontroller's maximum DMA transfer rates are half that of those listed in Table 9 for the Am186ER microcontroller. n Mode of synchronization Table 9. n Whether an interrupt is generated after the last transfer Am186ER Microcontroller Maximum DMA Transfer Rates Synchronization Type Maximum DMA Transfer Rate (Mbyte/s) 50 MHz 40 MHz 33 MHz 25 MHz Unsynchronized 12.5 10 8.25 6.25 Source Synch 12.5 10 8.25 6.25 Destination Synch (CPU needs bus) 8.33 6.6 5.5 4.16 Destination Synch (CPU does not need bus) 10.00 8 6.6 5 R Asynchronous Serial Port/DMA Transfers The enhanced Am186ER/Am188ER microcontrollers can DMA to and from the asynchronous serial port. This is accomplished by programming the DMA controller to perform transfers between a data buffer (located either in memor y or I/O space) and an asynchronous serial por t data register (SPTD or SPRD). Note that when a DMA channel is in use by the asynchronous serial port, the corresponding external DMA request signal is deactivated. D For DMA to the asynchronous serial port, the transmit data register address, either I/O-mapped or memorymapped, should be specified as a byte destination for the DMA by writing the address of the register into the DMA destination low and DMA destination high registers. The destination address (the address of the transmit data register) should be configured as a constant throughout the DMA operation. The asynchronous serial port transmitter acts as the synchronizing device; therefore, the DMA channel should be configured as destination-synchronized. n Whether bytes or words are transferred (Am186ER microcontroller only) T F n Whether DMA activity ceases after a programmed number of DMA cycles n Relative priority of the DMA channel with respect to the other DMA channel n Whether the source address is incremented, decremented, or maintained constant after each transfer A n Whether the source address addresses memory or I/O space n Whether the destination address is incremented, decremented, or maintained constant after transfers n Whether the destination address addresses memory or I/O space DMA Priority The DMA channels can be programmed so that one channel is always given priority over the other, or they can be programmed to alternate cycles when both have DMA requests pending. DMA cycles always have priority over internal CPU cycles, except between locked memory accesses or word accesses to odd memory locations. However, an external bus hold takes priority over an internal DMA cycle. Because an interrupt request, other than an NMI, cannot suspend a DMA operation and the CPU cannot access memory during a DMA cycle, interrupt latency time suffers during sequences of continuous DMA cycles. An NMI request, however, causes all internal DMA activity to halt. This allows the CPU to respond quickly to the NMI request. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 55 20-bit Adder/Subtractor Adder Control Logic Timer Request DRQ1/Serial Port 20 Request Selection Logic Transfer Counter Ch. 1 Destination Address Ch. 1 Source Address Ch. 1 Transfer Counter Ch. 0 Destination Address Ch. 0 Source Address Ch. 0 DMA Control Logic Interrupt Request Channel Control Register 1 Channel Control Register 0 20 16 Internal Address/Data Bus Figure 13. DMA Unit Block Diagram ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL PORT The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers provide an asynchronous serial port. The asynchronous serial port is a two-pin interface that permits full-duplex bidirectional data transfer. The asynchronous serial port supports the following features: n Full-duplex operation n 7-bit or 8-bit data transfers D n Odd, even, or no parity n 1 or 2 stop bits R If additional RS-232 signals are required, they can be created with available PIO pins. The asynchronous serial port transmit and receive sections are double buffered. Break character, framing, parity, and overrun error detection are provided. Exception interrupt generation is programmable by the user. The transmit/receive clock is based on the internal processor clock, which is divided down internally to the serial port operating frequency. The serial port permits 7bit and 8-bit data transfers. DMA transfers using the serial port are supported. The serial port generates one interrupt for any of three serial port events--transmit complete, data received, and receive error. The serial port can be used in power-save mode, but the software must adjust the transfer rate to correctly 56 DRQ0/Serial Port A T F reflect the new internal operating frequency and must ensure that the serial port does not receive any information while the frequency is being changed. DMA Transfers through the Serial Port The DMA channels can be directly connected to the asynchronous serial port. DMA and serial port transfer is accomplished by programming the DMA controller to perform transfers between a memory or I/O space and a serial port transmit or receive register. For more information see the DMA control register descriptions in the Am186ER and Am188ER Microcontrollers User's Manual, order #21684. SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL INTERFACE The synchronous serial interface (SSI) enables the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers to communicate with application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) that require reprogrammability but are short on pins. This four-pin interface permits half-duplex, bidirectional data transfer at speeds of up to 25 Mbit/s. Unlike the asynchronous serial port, the SSI operates in a master/slave configuration. The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are the master ports. The SSI interface provides four pins for communicating with system components: two enables (SDEN0 and SDEN1), a clock (SCLK), and a data pin (SDATA). Five Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet registers are used to control and monitor the interface. Refer to Figure 14 and Figure 15 on page 58 for diagrams of SSI reads and writes. Four-Pin Interface The two enable pins SDEN1-SDEN0 can be used directly as enables for up to two peripheral devices. Transmit and receive operations are synchronized between the master (Am186ER or Am188ER microcontroller) and slave (peripherals) by means of the SCLK output. SCLK is derived from the internal processor clock and is the processor clock divided by 2, 4, 8, or 16. PROGRAMMABLE I/O (PIO) PINS There are 32 pins on the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers that are available as multipurpose signals. Table 3 and Table 4 on page 36 list the PIO pins. Each of these pins can be used as a user-programmable input or output signal if the normal shared function is not needed. If a pin is enabled to function as a PIO signal, the preassigned signal function is disabled and does not affect the level on the pin. A PIO signal can be configured to operate as an input (with or without a weak pullup or pulldown), as an output, or as an open-drain output. Configuration as an open-drain output is accomplished by keeping the appropriate PDATA bits constant in the PIO data register and writing the data value into its associated bit position in the PIO direction register, so the output is either driving Low or is disabled, depending on the data. D R After power-on reset, the PIO pins default to various configurations. The column titled Power-On Reset Status in Table 3 and Table 4 on page 36 lists the defaults for the PIOs. The system initialization code must reconfigure the PIOs as required. Note: WDT reset does not reset PIO registers. The A19-A17 address pins default to normal operation on power-on reset, allowing the processor to correctly begin fetching instructions at the boot address FFFF0h. The DT/R, DEN, and SRDY pins also default to normal operation on power-on reset. Note that emulators use A19, A18, A17, S6, and UZI. System designers using these signals as PIOs should check with their emulator vendor for limitations on emulator operation. If the AD15-AD0 bus override is enabled on power-on reset, then S6/CLKSEL2 and UZI/CLKSEL1 revert to normal operation instead of PIO input with pullup. Many emulators assert the ADEN override. If BHE/ADEN ( A m 1 8 6 E R m i c r o c o n t r o l l e r ) o r RF S H 2 / A D E N (Am188ER microcontroller) is held Low during poweron reset, the AD15-AD0 bus override is enabled. A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 57 PB=0 DR/DT=0 PB=1 DR/DT=0 PB=0 DR/DT=1 PB=1 DR/DT=0 PB=0 DR/DT=1 PB=1 DR/DT=0 PB=0 DR/DT=1 PB=0 DR/DT=0 SDEN1 or SDEN0 SCLK SDATA Poll SSS for PB=0 Write to SSD Write to SSC, bit DE=1 Poll SSS for PB=0 Poll SSS for PB=0 Write to SSD Write to SSD Write to SSC, bit DE=0 T F Figure 14. Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Write PB=0 DR/DT=0 PB=0 DR/DT=1 PB=1 DR/DT=0 SDEN1 or SDEN0 SCLK SDATA D R Poll SSS for PB=0 Write to SSD Write to SSC, bit DE=1 A PB=1 DR/DT=0 PB=0 DR/DT=1 PB=1 DR/DT=0 Read from SSR Write to SSC, bit DE=0 Figure 15. Synchronous Serial Interface Multiple Read 58 PB=0 DR/DT=0 Poll SSS for PB=0 Poll SSS for PB=0 Read from SSR (dummy) PB=0 DR/DT=1 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Read from SSR LOW-VOLTAGE OPERATION The low-voltage operation of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is an enabling technology for the design of portable systems with long battery life. This capability, combined with CPU clock management, enables design of very low-power computing systems. Low-Voltage Standard Industry standards for low-voltage operation are emerging to facilitate the design of components that will make up a complete low-voltage system. As a guideline, the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontroller specifications follow the first article or regulated version of the JEDEC 8.0 low-voltage proposal. This standard proposal calls for a VCC range of 3.3 V 10%. 5-V supply, then the 5-V circuitry in the system may start driving the processor's inputs above the maximum levels (V CC + 2.6 V). The system design should ensure that the 5-V supply does not exceed 2.6 V above the 3.3-V supply during a power-on sequence. n Preferably, all inputs will be driven by sources that can be three-stated during a system reset condition. The system reset condition should persist until stable VCC conditions are met. This should help ensure that the maximum input levels are not exceeded during power-up conditions. n Preferably, all pullup resistors will be tied to the 3.3-V supply, which will ensure that inputs requiring pullups are not over stressed during power-up. Power Savings CMOS dynamic power consumption is proportional to the square of the operating voltage multiplied by capacitance and operating frequency. Static CPU operation can reduce power consumption by enabling the system designer to reduce operating frequency when possible. However, operating voltage is always the dominant factor in power consumption. By reducing the operating voltage from 5 V to 3.3 V for any device, the power consumed is reduced by 56%. Reduction of CPU and core logic operating voltage dramatically reduces overall system power consumption. Additional power savings can be realized as low-voltage mass storage and peripheral devices become available. R Two basic strategies exist in designing systems containing the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. The first strategy is to design a homogenous system in which all logic components operate at 3.3 V. This provides the lowest overall power consumption. However, system designers may need to include devices for which 3.3-V versions are not available. In the second strategy, the system designer must then design a mixed 5-V/3.3-V system. This compromise enables the system designer to minimize the core logic power consumption while still including functionality of the 5-V features. The choice of a mixed voltage system design also involves balancing design complexity with the need for the additional features. D A T F Input/Output Circuitry To accommodate current 5-V systems, the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers have 5-V tolerant I/O drivers. The drivers produce TTL-compatible drive output (minimum 2.4-V logic High) and receive TTL and CMOS levels (up to VCC + 2.6 V). The following are some design issues that should be considered when upgrading an Am186ER microcontroller 5-V design: n During power-up, if the 3.3-V supply has a significant delay in achieving stable operation relative to Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 59 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OPERATING RANGES Temperature under bias: TC (Commercial) ............................ 0C to +100C Commercial (TC) ........................0C to + 100C Industrial* (TA) ..............................-40C to + 85C Storage temperature ..................-65C to + 125C VCC up to 50 MHz ............................. 3.3 V 0.3 V Voltage on any pin with respect to ground.......................... -0.5 V to VCC + 2.6 V* Where: TC = case temperature TA = ambient temperature Notes: Notes: Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent device failure. Functionality at or above these limits is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability. Operating Ranges define those limits between which the functionality of the device is guaranteed. *Industrial versions of Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are available in 25- and 33-MHz operating frequencies only. *X1 and X2 are not 5-V-tolerant and have a range of -0.5 V to VCC. DC CHARACTERISTICS OVER COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL OPERATING RANGES T F Preliminary Symbol Parameter Description Notes VIL Input Low Voltage VIH Input High Voltage VIH Clock Input High Voltage (X2, X1) VOL Output Low Voltage IOL = 4.0 mA VOH Output High Voltage IOH = -1.0 mA ICC Power Supply Current Note 8 ILI Input Leakage Current Note 1 Note 2 IIH Input Leakage Current IIL Input Leakage Current ILO Output Leakage Current CIN Input Capacitance COUT D I/O Capacitance R A Min Max Unit -0.3 0.8 V 2.0 VCC + 2.6 V VCC V 0.45 V 2.4 5.0 mA/ MHz 15 50 A Note 3 200 A Note 4 -400 A Note 5 Note 6 15 50 A FC =1 MHz (Note 7) 10 pF FC =1 MHz (Note 7) 14 pF Notes: 1. This parameter is for inputs without pullup or pulldown resistors and for which 0 VIN VCC. 2. This parameter is for inputs without pullup or pulldown resistors and for which 0 VIN 5 V. 3. This parameter is for inputs with pulldown resistors and for which VIH = 2.4 V. 4. This parameter is for inputs with pullup resistors and for which VIL = 0.45 V. 5. This parameter is for three-state outputs where VEXT is driven on the three-state output and 0 VEXT VCC. 6. This parameter is for three-state outputs where VEXT is driven on the three-state output and 0 VEXT 5 V. 7. This parameter has not been fully tested. 8. Current is measured with the device in RESET with X1 and X2 driven and all other non-power pins open but held High or Low. 60 V Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS TQFP Package The Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers are specified for operation with case temperature ranges from 0C to +100C for a commercial temperature device. Case temperature is measured at the top center of the package as shown in Figure 16. The various temperatures and thermal resistances can be determined using the equations in Figure 17 with information given in Table 10. The variable P is power in watts. Typical power supply current (ICC) for the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is 3.7 mA per MHz of clock frequency. JA CA TC JA is the sum of JC and CA . JC is the internal thermal resistance of the assembly. CA is the case to ambient thermal resistance. JC JA = JC + CA Figure 16. Thermal Resistance (C/Watt) JA = JC + CA P = ICC freq (MHz) VCC TJ = TC + (P JC) TJ = TA + (P JA) JC) CA) TA = TJ - (P JA) TA = TC - (P CA) TC = TJ - (P TC = TA + (P A T F Figure 17. Thermal Characteristics Equations R Table 10. D Package/Board PQFP/2-Layer TQFP/2-Layer PQFP/4-Layer to 6-Layer TQFP/4-Layer to 6-Layer Thermal Characteristics (C/Watt) Airflow (Linear Feet per Minute) 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm JC CA JA 7 7 7 7 10 10 10 10 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 38 32 28 26 46 36 30 28 18 16 14 12 24 22 20 18 45 39 35 33 56 46 40 38 23 21 19 17 30 28 26 24 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 61 Table 12. Junction Temperature Calculation Typical Ambient Temperatures The typical ambient temperature specifications are based on the following assumptions and calculations: The commercial operating range of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers is a case temperature TC of 0 to 100 degrees Centigrade. TC is measured at the top center of the package. An increase in the ambient temperature causes a proportional increase in TC. The 50-MHz microcontroller is specified as 3.3 V, plus or minus 10%. Therefore, 3.6 V is used for calculating typical power consumption on the 50-MHz microcontroller. Typical power supply current (ICC) in normal usage is estimated at 3.7 mA per MHz of microcontroller clock rate. Typical power consumption can be calculated using the following formula: (Watts) = (3.7 mA/MHz) 50 MHz (3.6 V/1000) Table 11 shows the variables that are used to calculate the typical power consumption value for each version of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. Table 11. Typical Power Consumption Calculation P = MHz ICC Volts / 1000 MHz Typical ICC Volts Typical Power (P) in Watts 50 3.7 3.6 0.662 40 3.7 3.6 0.522 33 3.7 3.6 0.432 25 3.7 3.6 0.342 D R Thermal resistance is a measure of the ability of a package to remove heat from a semiconductor device. A safe operating range for the device can be calculated using the following formulas from Figure 17 and the variables in Table 10. By using the maximum case rating T C, the typical power consumption value from Table 11, and JC from Table 10, the junction temperature TJ can be calculated by using the following formula from Figure 17. TJ = TC + (P JC) Table 12 shows TJ values for the various versions of the Am186ER and Am188ER microcontrollers. The Speed/Pkg/Board column in Table 12 indicates the clock speed in MHz, the type of package (P for PQFP and T for TQFP), and the type of board (2 for 2-layer and 4-6 for 4-layer to 6-layer). 62 TJ = TC + (P JC) Speed/ Pkg/ Board TC P JC TJ 50/P2 100 0.662 7 104.6 50/T2 100 0.662 10 106.6 50/P4-6 100 0.662 5 103.3 50/T4-6 100 0.662 6 104.0 40/P2 100 0.522 7 103.7 40/T2 100 0.522 10 105.2 40/P4-6 100 0.522 5 102.6 40/T4-6 100 0.522 6 103.1 33/P2 100 0.432 7 103.0 33/T2 100 0.432 10 104.3 33/P4-6 100 0.432 5 102.2 33/T4-6 100 0.432 6 102.6 25/P2 100 0.342 7 102.4 25/T2 100 0.342 10 103.4 25/P4-6 100 0.342 5 101.7 25/T4-6 100 0.342 6 102.1 T F By using T J from Table 12, the typical power consumption value from Table 11, and a JA value from Table 10, the typical ambient temperature TA can be calculated using the following formula from Figure 17. A TA = TJ - (P JA) For example, TA for a 50-MHz PQFP design with a 2-layer board and 0 fpm airflow is calculated as follows: TA = 104.6 - (0.662 45) TA = 74.81 In this calculation, TJ comes from Table 12, P comes from Table 11, and JA comes from Table 10. See Table 13. TA for a 33-MHz TQFP design with a 4-layer to 6-layer board and 200 fpm airflow is calculated as follows: TA = 102.6 - (0.432 28) TA = 90.5 See Table 16 for the result of this calculation. Table 13 through Table 16 and Figure 18 through F i g u r e 2 1 s h o w TA b a s e d o n t h e p r e c e d i n g assumptions and calculations for a range of JA values with airflow from 0 linear feet per minute to 600 linear feet per minute. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Table 13 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a PQFP package used with a 2-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case temperature. Figure 18 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 13. Table 13. Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Two-Layer Board Linear Feet per Minute Airflow Microcontroller Speed Typical Power (Watts) 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 50 MHz 0.662 74.81 78.8 81.43 82.8 40 MHz 0.522 80.2 83.3 85.4 86.5 33 MHz 0.432 83.56 86.2 87.9 88.7 25 MHz 0.342 87.0 89.1 90.4 91.1 94 Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C) 92 Legend: 50 MHz 40 MHz 33 MHz 25 Mhz T F 90 88 86 84 82 80 R 78 D 76 74 0 fpm 200 fpm A 400 fpm 600 fpm Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute) Figure 18. Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Two-Layer Board Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 63 Table 14 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a TQFP package used with a 2-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case temperature. Figure 19 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 14. Table 14. Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Two-Layer Board Linear Feet per Minute Airflow Microcontroller Speed Typical Power (Watts) 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 50 MHz 0.662 69.5 76.1 80.1 81.4 40 MHz 0.522 76.0 81.2 84.3 85.4 33 MHz 0.432 80.1 84.4 87.0 87.9 25 MHz 0.342 84.2 87.7 89.7 90.4 95 Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C) 90 Legend: 50 MHz 40 MHz 33 MHz 25 Mhz 85 80 75 D 70 R A T F 65 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute) Figure 19. Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Two-Layer Board 64 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 600 fpm Table 15 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a PQFP package used with a 4-layer to 6-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case temperature. Figure 20 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 15. Table 15. Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board Linear Feet per Minute Airflow Microcontroller Speed Typical Power (Watts) 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 50 MHz 0.662 88.0 89.4 90.7 92.0 40 MHz 0.522 90.6 91.6 92.7 93.7 33 MHz 0.432 92.3 93.1 93.9 94.9 25 MHz 0.342 93.8 94.5 95.2 95.9 97 Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C) 96 Legend: 50 MHz 40 MHz 33 MHz 25 Mhz 95 94 93 92 91 90 R 89 D 88 T F 87 0 fpm 200 fpm A 400 fpm 600 fpm Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute) Figure 20. Typical Ambient Temperatures for PQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 65 Table 16 shows typical maximum ambient temperatures in degrees Centigrade for a TQFP package used with a 4-layer to 6-layer board. The typical ambient temperatures are based on a 100-degree Centigrade maximum case temperature. Figure 21 illustrates the typical temperatures in Table 16. Table 16. Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board Linear Feet per Minute Airflow Microcontroller Speed Typical Power (Watts) 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm 50 MHz 0.662 84.1 85.5 86.8 88.1 40 MHz 0.522 87.44 88.5 89.5 90.6 33 MHz 0.432 89.64 90.5 91.4 92.2 25 MHz 0.342 91.84 92.5 93.2 93.9 97 96 Typical Ambient Temperature (Degrees C) 95 94 93 92 91 R 90 T F 89 D 88 87 A 86 Legend: 50 MHz 40 MHz 33 MHz 25 Mhz 85 84 0 fpm 200 fpm 400 fpm 600 fpm Airflow (Linear Feet Per Minute) Figure 21. Typical Ambient Temperatures for TQFP with Four-Layer to Six-Layer Board 66 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS AND WAVEFORMS In the switching waveforms that follow, several abbreviations are used to indicate the specific periods of a bus cycle. These periods are referred to as time states. A typical bus cycle is composed of four consecutive time states: t1, t2, t3, and t4. Wait states, which represent multiple t3 states, are referred to as tw states. When no bus cycle is pending, an idle (ti) state occurs. I n th e sw i t c h i ng pa r a me t e r d e s c r i p ti o n s, t h e multiplexed address is referred to as the AD address bus; the nonmultiplexed address is referred to as the A address bus. Key to Switching Waveforms WAVEFORM D R INPUT OUTPUT Must be Steady Will be Steady May Change from H to L Will be Changing from H to L May Change from L to H Will be Changing from L to H Don't Care, Any Change Permitted Changing, State Unknown Does Not Apply Center Line is HighImpedance Off State Invalid Invalid A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 67 Alphabetical Key to Switching Parameter Symbols Parameter Symbol No. Description tARYCH 49 ARDY Resolution Transition Setup Time Parameter Symbol tCLDX No. Description 2 Data in Hold tARYCHL 51 ARDY Inactive Holding Time tCLEV 71 CLKOUTA Low to SDEN Valid tARYLCL 52 ARDY Setup Time tCLHAV 62 HLDA Valid Delay tAVBL 87 A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low tCLRF 82 CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid tAVCH 14 AD Address Valid to Clock High tCLRH 27 RD Inactive Delay tAVLL 12 AD Address Valid to ALE Low tCLRL 25 RD Active Delay tAVRL 66 A Address Valid to RD Low tCLSH 4 Status Inactive Delay tAVWL 65 A Address Valid to WR Low tCLSL 72 CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low tAZRL 24 AD Address Float to RD Active tCLSRY 48 SRDY Transition Hold Time tCH1CH2 45 CLKOUTA Rise Time tCLTMV 55 Timer Output Delay tCHAV 68 CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid tCOAOB 83 CLKOUTA to CLKOUTB Skew tCHCK 38 X1 High Time tCVCTV 20 Control Active Delay 1 tCHCL 44 CLKOUTA High Time tCVCTX 31 21 tCHCSV 67 CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid tCVDEX tCHCSX 18 MCS/PCS Inactive Delay tCXCSX 17 tCHCTV 22 Control Active Delay 2 tDVCL 1 tCHCV 64 Command Lines Valid Delay (after Float) tDVSH 75 19 T F Control Inactive Delay DEN Inactive Delay MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive Data in Setup Data Valid to SCLK High tCHCZ 63 Command Lines Float Delay tDXDL tCHDX 8 Status Hold Time tHVCL 58 tCHLH 9 ALE Active Delay tINVCH 53 tCHLL 11 ALE Inactive Delay tINVCL 54 tLCRF 86 tLHAV 23 ALE High to Address Valid tLHLL 10 ALE Width tCHRFD 79 CLKOUTA High to RFSH Valid tCHSV 3 Status Active Delay tCICOA 69 X1 to CLKOUTA Skew tCICOB 70 X1 to CLKOUTB Skew R A DEN Inactive to DT/R Low HOLD Setup Peripheral Setup Time DRQ Setup Time LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay tLLAX 13 AD Address Hold from ALE Inactive tLOCK 61 Maximum PLL Lock Time tLRLL 84 LCS Precharge Pulse Width tRESIN 57 RES Setup Time tCKHL 39 X1 Fall Time tCKIN 36 X1 Period 40 X1 Rise Time 46 CLKOUTA Fall Time tRFCY 85 RFSH Cycle Time 50 ARDY Active Hold Time tRHAV 29 RD Inactive to AD Address Active 5 AD Address Valid Delay tRHDX 59 RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus 6 Address Hold tRHLH 28 RD Inactive to ALE High 15 AD Address Float Delay tRLRH 26 RD Pulse Width tCKLH tCL2CL1 tCLARX tCLAV tCLAX tCLAZ D 43 CLKOUTA Low Time tSHDX 77 SCLK High to SPI Data Hold tCLCK 37 X1 Low Time tSLDV 78 SCLK Low to SPI Data Valid tCLCL 42 CLKOUTA Period tSRYCL 47 SRDY Transition Setup Time tCLCLX 80 LCS Inactive Delay tWHDEX 35 WR Inactive to DEN Inactive tCLCH tCLCSL 81 LCS Active Delay tWHDX 34 Data Hold after WR tCLCSV 16 MCS/PCS Active Delay tWHLH 33 WR Inactive to ALE High tCLDOX 30 Data Hold Time tWLWH 32 WR Pulse Width tCLDV 7 Data Valid Delay Notes: The following parameters are not defined or used at this time: 41, 56, 60, 73, 74, and 76. 68 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Numerical Key to Switching Parameter Symbols Number Parameter Symbol Description Number Parameter Symbol Description tCLCH CLKOUTA Low Time 1 tDVCL Data in Setup 43 2 tCLDX Data in Hold 44 tCHCL CLKOUTA High Time 3 tCHSV Status Active Delay 45 tCH1CH2 CLKOUTA Rise Time 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 46 tCL2CL1 CLKOUTA Fall Time 5 tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay 47 tSRYCL SRDY Transition Setup Time SRDY Transition Hold Time 6 tCLAX Address Hold 48 tCLSRY 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 49 tARYCH ARDY Resolution Transition Setup Time 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 50 tCLARX ARDY Active Hold Time 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 51 tARYCHL ARDY Inactive Holding Time ARDY Setup Time 10 tLHLL ALE Width 52 tARYLCL 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 53 tINVCH Peripheral Setup Time 12 tAVLL AD Address Valid to ALE Low 54 tINVCL DRQ Setup Time 13 tLLAX AD Address Hold from ALE Inactive 55 tCLTMV 14 tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High 57 tRESIN 15 tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay 58 tHVCL 16 tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay 59 tRHDX 17 tCXCSX MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive 61 tLOCK 18 tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay 62 tCLHAV 19 tDXDL DEN Inactive to DT/R Low 20 tCVCTV Control Active Delay 1 21 tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay 22 tCHCTV Control Active Delay 2 R 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid 24 tAZRL AD Address Float to RD Active 25 tCLRL RD Active Delay 26 tRLRH RD Pulse Width D A 63 tCHCZ 64 tCHCV 65 tAVWL T F Timer Output Delay RES Setup Time HOLD Setup RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus Maximum PLL Lock Time HLDA Valid Delay Command Lines Float Delay Command Lines Valid Delay (after Float) A Address Valid to WR Low 66 tAVRL 67 tCHCSV 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to Address Valid 69 tCICOA X1 to CLKOUTA Skew 70 tCICOB X1 to CLKOUTB Skew CLKOUTA Low to SDEN Valid A Address Valid to RD Low CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid 27 tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 71 tCLEV 28 tRHLH RD Inactive to ALE High 72 tCLSL CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low 29 tRHAV RD Inactive to AD address Active 75 tDVSH Data Valid to SCLK High 30 tCLDOX Data Hold Time 77 tSHDX SCLK High to SPI Data Hold SCLK Low to SPI Data Valid 31 tCVCTX Control Inactive Delay 78 tSLDV 32 tWLWH WR Pulse Width 79 tCHRFD CLKOUTA High to RFSH Valid 33 tWHLH WR Inactive to ALE High 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 34 tWHDX Data Hold after WR 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid 35 tWHDEX WR Inactive to DEN Inactive 82 tCLRF 36 tCKIN X1 Period 83 tCOAOB 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time 84 tLRLL LCS Precharge Pulse Width 38 tCHCK X1 High Time 85 tRFCY RFSH Cycle Time LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time 86 tLCRF 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time 87 tAVBL 42 tCLCL CLKOUTA Period CLKOUTA to CLKOUTB Skew Notes: The following parameters are not defined or used at this time: 41, 56, 60, 73, 74, and 76. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 69 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Read Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Requirements 1 tDVCL Data in Setup 2 tCLDX Data in Hold(c) General Timing Responses 3 tCHSV Status Active Delay 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 5 tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 13 tAVLL tLLAX Max 10 3 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 20 20 Low(a) AD Address Hold from ALE tCLCH Inactive(a) tCHCL 0 tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay tCLAX =0 20 16 tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay 0 20 17 tCXCSX MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive(a) 18 tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay tDXDL DEN Inactive to DT/R 20 tCVCTV Control Active Delay 1(b) 21 tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay 22 23 tCHCTV tLHAV 0 2(b) ALE High to Address Valid Read Cycle Timing Responses D 20 0 R Control Active Delay A tCLCH ns tCLCH 0 ns 15 0 ns 15 ns 0 20 2tCLCL -15=65 0 0 ns ns 15 2tCLCL -15=45 20 0 ns ns 15 ns tCLCH -3 tCLCH -3 ns tCLCL -10=30 tCLCL -10=20 ns 0 0 ns 2tCLCL -15=65 2tCLCL -15=45 ns 20 0 15 ns 20 0 15 ns 67 tCHCSV CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid 0 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid 0 Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1-INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals. c If either spec 2 or spec 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly. 70 ns 0 10 RD Inactive Delay A Address Valid to RD Low 15 20 tCLRH tAVRL 0 0 27 66 ns 15 RD Pulse Width RD High to Data Hold on AD 15 ns tRLRH tRHDX ns tCLAX =0 15 26 59 ns 0 0 Bus(c) tCHCL 20 RD Active Delay RD Inactive to AD Address Active(a) ns 0 tCLRL RD Inactive to ALE tCLCH ns 25 tRHAV ns 15 0 tRHLH T F ns 15 0 AD Address Float to RD Active 29 15 ns ns ns ns ns ns 20 tAZRL 28 15 15 15 15 0 24 High(a) Unit ns ns 0 15 Low(a) Max tCLCL -10=20 14 19 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 AD Address Valid to ALE 33 MHz Min 8 3 tCLCL -10=30 10 12 25 MHz Min Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary 40 MHz Min Max Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Requirements 1 tDVCL Data in Setup 2 tCLDX Data in Hold(c) General Timing Responses 3 tCHSV Status Active Delay 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 5 tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 12 tAVLL AD Address Valid to ALE Low(a) tCLCH 13 tLLAX AD Address Hold from ALE Inactive(a) tCHCL 14 tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High 15 tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay tCLAX =0 tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay 0 17 tCXCSX MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive(a) 18 tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay 19 20 tDXDL tCVCTV Low(a) R Control Active Delay 1(b) 21 tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay 22 tCHCTV Control Active Delay 2(b) 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid D 0 0 RD Inactive to ALE 29 tRHAV RD Inactive to AD Address Active(a) 59 tRHDX RD High to Data Hold on AD Bus(c) A Address Valid to RD Low ns tCHCL ns 0 ns 0 10 ns 0 10 ns tCLCH 0 ns 10 0 ns ns ns 14 14 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 7.5 5 ns 0 0 ns 0 tRHLH ns 10 0 28 10 tCLCH 0 2tCLCL -10=40 High(a) T F ns 0 RD Active Delay RD Inactive Delay 10 ns ns ns ns ns ns 12 tCLRL RD Pulse Width 10 10 10 10 0 25 tCLRH 12 0 AD Address Float to RD Active tRLRH 12 A 0 tAZRL 27 12 tCLCH 24 26 0 0 0 0 0 Unit ns ns 15 12 DEN Inactive to DT/R Read Cycle Timing Responses 12 12 12 12 tCLCL -5=20 tLHLL Max 5 2 12 10 16 50 MHz Min 10 0 10 35 12 0 ns ns 10 ns tCLCH -2 tCLCH -2 ns tCLCL -5=20 15 ns 0 0 ns 2 * tCLCL -10=40 2 * tCLCL -10=30 66 tAVRL 67 tCHCSV CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid 0 12 0 10 ns ns 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid 0 10 0 10 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1-INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals. c If either specification 2 or specification 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 71 Read Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 t3 t4 tW CLKOUTA 66 A19-A0 Address 8 68 S6 S6 S6 14 1 7 AD15-AD0*, AD7-AD0** Address Data 2 AO15-AO8** 23 29 11 9 59 ALE 15 10 RD BHE* 26 A 25 BHE 67 13 LCS, UCS R 16 MCS1-MCS0, PCS6-PCS5, PCS3-PCS0 D 19 DT/R 20 3 27 4 18 17 21 22 S2-S0 28 24 12 5 DEN T F Address 4 Status 7 UZI Notes: * Am186ER microcontroller only ** Am188ER microcontroller only 72 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 22 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Write Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses 3 tCHSV Status Active Delay 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 5 tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 25 MHz Min 0 0 0 0 0 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 12 tAVLL AD Address Valid to ALE Low(a) tCHCL AD Address Hold 14 tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High 0 tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay 0 17 tCXCSX MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive(a) 18 tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay 20 23 DEN Inactive to DT/R tCVCTV tLHAV Control Active Delay 1(b) ALE High to Address Valid Write Cycle Timing Responses tCLDOX Data Hold Time 31 tCVCTX Control Inactive Delay(b) 32 tWLWH WR Pulse Width tWHLH WR Inactive to ALE Data Hold after R High(a) WR(a) 34 tWHDX 35 tWHDEX WR Inactive to DEN Inactive(a) D 0 20 0 20 15 0 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 15 20 2tCLCL -10=70 ns tCLCH ns tCHCL ns 0 ns T F 0 15 0 0 15 ns ns 15 10 ns ns 0 0 ns ns 0 A 0 15 15 15 15 tCLCH 0 30 33 20 tCLCH Low(a) Unit 15 20 from ALE Inactive(a) Max tCLCL -10=20 tCLCH tLLAX tDXDL 0 0 0 0 0 20 13 19 20 20 20 20 tCLCL -10=30 10 16 Max 33 MHz Min ns 15 ns 2tCLCL -10=50 ns tCLCH -2 tCLCH -2 ns tCLCL -10=30 tCLCL -10=20 ns tCLCH -3 tCLCH -5 ns tCLCL +tCHCL -3 tCLCL +tCHCL -3 ns 65 tAVWL A Address Valid to WR Low 67 tCHCSV CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid 0 20 0 15 ns CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid 0 20 0 15 ns A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low tCHCL -3 20 tCHCL -3 15 ns 68 tCHAV 87 tAVBL Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1-INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 73 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses 3 tCHSV Status Active Delay 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 5 tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 40 MHz Min 0 0 0 0 0 tCLCL -5=20 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 12 tAVLL AD Address Valid to ALE Low(a) Inactive(a) tCHCL AD Address Hold from ALE 14 tAVCH AD Address Valid to Clock High 0 tCLCSV MCS/PCS Active Delay 0 17 tCXCSX MCS/PCS Hold from Command Inactive(a) 18 tCHCSX MCS/PCS Inactive Delay 20 23 tCVCTV tLHAV DEN Inactive to DT/R Control Active Delay 1(b) ALE High to Address Valid Write Cycle Timing Responses tCLDOX Data Hold Time 31 tCVCTX Control Inactive Delay(b) 32 tWLWH WR Pulse Width tWHLH 0 12 0 A 0 R WR Inactive to ALE High(a) WR(a) ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 10 12 ns tCHCL ns 0 ns T F 0 10 0 0 10 10 ns ns ns 10 ns 2tCLCL -10=40 35 ns tCLCH -2 tCLCH -2 ns tCLCL -10=15 12 ns tCLCH tCLCH ns tCLCL+tCHCL-1.25 tCLCL+tCHCL-1.25 ns 34 tWHDX Data Hold after 35 tWHDEX WR Inactive to DEN Inactive(a) 65 tAVWL A Address Valid to WR Low 67 tCHCSV CLKOUTA High to LCS/UCS Valid 0 12 0 10 ns 10 0 10 ns 12 tCHCL -1.25 10 ns D 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid 0 87 tAVBL A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low tCHCL -1.25 Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN, INTA1-INTA0, WR, WHB, and WLB signals. 74 ns ns 0 0 ns ns 5 12 ns tCLCH 0 7.5 0 10 10 10 10 tCLCH 0 30 33 12 tCLCH Low(a) Unit 10 12 tLLAX tDXDL 0 0 0 0 0 Max 15 tCLCH 13 19 12 12 12 12 12 10 16 Max 50 MHz Min Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Write Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 t3 t4 tW CLKOUTA 65 A19-A0 Address 68 S6 8 S6 S6 14 7 AD15-AD0*, AD7-AD0** 30 Address Data AO15-AO8** 23 11 9 34 13 ALE 31 10 33 32 WR 12 20 WHB*, WLB WB 20 87 5 BHE* 67 LCS, UCS DT/R S2-S0 R 16 MCS3-MCS0, PCS6-PCS5, PCS3-PCS0 DEN T F Address D A 31 4 BHE 18 17 35 31 19 Status 3 7 4 UZI Notes: * Am186ER microcontroller only ** Am188ER microcontroller only Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 75 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Internal RAM Show Read Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay 25 MHz Min 33 MHz Min Max Max Unit 0 20 0 15 ns 0 20 0 15 ns 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 20 15 ns 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 20 15 ns Read Cycle Timing Responses tCLRL 25 RD Active Delay 0 20 0 15 ns 27 tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 0 20 0 15 ns 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid 0 20 0 15 ns T F Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Internal RAM Show Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay Read Cycle Timing Responses tCLRL 25 RD Active Delay tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid D 76 R 27 40 MHz Min Max 0 12 0 12 A 12 12 50 MHz Min Max Unit 0 10 ns 0 10 ns 10 ns 10 ns 0 10 0 10 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 0 10 0 10 ns Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Internal RAM Show Read Cycle Waveform t1 t2 t3 t4 CLKOUTA 68 68 A19-A0 Address AD15-AD0 Data Address 5 7 5 ALE 9 11 RD LCS, UCS MCS3-MCS0, PCS6-PCS5, PCS3-PCS0 25 D R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 27 77 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Read Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Requirements tDVCL 1 Data in Setup 2 tCLDX Data in 25 MHz Min Hold(b) General Timing Responses tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay Max ns 3 3 ns 0 20 0 15 ns 20 0 15 ns tCLDV Data Valid Delay 0 8 Status Hold Time 0 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid 15 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 0 20 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay 0 20 84 tLRLL 25 RD Active Delay 26 tRLRH RD Pulse Width 27 tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 0 20 tCLCL -10=30 0 A 20 2tCLCL -15=65 0 High(a) 28 tRHLH 59 tRHDX RD High to Data Hold on AD 66 tAVRL A Address Valid to RD Low 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid RD Inactive to ALE 20 tCLCH -3 Bus(b) R T F 15 ns 15 ns 0 15 ns tCLCL + tCLCH -3 ns 0 ns 0 15 2tCLCL -15=45 0 ns ns 15 ns tCLCH -3 ns 0 0 ns 2tCLCL -15=65 2tCLCL -15=45 ns 0 20 0 a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b If either spec 2 or spec 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly. 78 ns 0 15 Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. D ns ns 10 tCLCL + tCLCH -3 0 ns 15 tCLCL -10=20 20 LCS Precharge Pulse Width Unit 8 tCHDX Read Cycle Timing Responses tAZRL 24 AD Address Float to RD Active Max 10 7 tCLRL 33 MHz Min Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet ns Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Read Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Requirements tDVCL 1 Data in Setup 2 tCLDX Data in 40 MHz Min Hold(b) General Timing Responses tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay Max 50 MHz Min 5 ns 2 2 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 12 0 10 ns tCLDV Data Valid Delay 0 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 0 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 0 12 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay 0 12 84 tLRLL 0 12 tCLCL -5=20 25 tCLRL RD Active Delay 26 tRLRH RD Pulse Width 7.5 27 tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 0 A 10 2tCLCL -10=40 0 High(a) 28 tRHLH 59 tRHDX RD High to Data Hold on AD 66 tAVRL A Address Valid to RD Low 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid RD Inactive to ALE tCLCH -1.25 Bus(b) R T F 10 ns ns 0 10 ns 0 10 ns tCLCL + tCLCH -1 ns 0 ns 0 10 35 12 ns ns 5 tCLCL + tCLCH -1.25 0 ns 10 15 12 LCS Precharge Pulse Width Unit 5 7 Read Cycle Timing Responses tAZRL 24 AD Address Float to RD Active Max 0 ns ns 10 ns tCLCH -1 ns 0 0 ns 2tCLCL -10=40 2tCLCL -10=30 ns 0 10 0 10 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. D a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b If either specification 2 or specification 59 is met with respect to data hold time, the part will function correctly. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 79 PSRAM Read Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 t3 t4 t1 tW CLKOUTA 66 A19-A0 Address 8 68 S6 S6 S6 1 7 AD15-AD0*, AD7-AD0** Address Data Address T F 2 AO15-AO8** Address 23 9 11 59 ALE 10 26 RD 27 5 LCS 80 81 84 Notes: D * Am186ER microcontroller only ** Am188ER microcontroller only 80 28 24 R A 25 27 80 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Write Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCLAV AD Address Valid Delay 5 25 MHz Min Max 0 15 ns 20 0 15 ns Data Valid Delay 0 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 0 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid 20 tCVCTV Control Active Delay 0 20 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 0 20 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay 0 20 84 tLRLL 20 15 Control Inactive tWLWH WR Pulse Width tWHLH 34 tWHDX 65 tAVWL 68 tCHAV 87 tAVBL WR Inactive to ALE Data Hold after 0 WR(a) A Address Valid to WR Low CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low 20 A tCLCH -2 tCLCL -10=30 tCLCL +tCHCL -3 R ns 15 ns 15 ns 10 ns T F 0 15 ns 0 15 ns 0 2tCLCL -10=70 High(a) ns tCLCL + tCLCH -3 0 32 15 0 tCLCL + tCLCH -3 Delay(b) ns tCLCL -10=20 20 LCS Precharge Pulse Width 31 33 0 tCLCL -10=30 Write Cycle Timing Responses tCLDOX Data Hold Time 30 Unit 20 tCLDV 1(b) Max 0 7 tCVCTX 33 MHz Min 0 ns 15 ns 2tCLCL -10=50 ns tCLCH -2 ns tCLCL -10=20 ns tCLCL +tCHCL -3 ns 0 20 0 15 ns tCHCL -3 20 tCHCL -3 15 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. D a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN, WR, WHB and WLB signals. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 81 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Write Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay 40 MHz Min Max 0 10 ns 12 0 10 ns Data Valid Delay 0 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 0 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 0 12 tCLCL -5=20 20 tCVCTV 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 0 12 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay 0 12 84 tLRLL LCS Precharge Pulse Width 0 Control Inactive 32 tWLWH WR Pulse Width 33 tWHLH High(a) WR(a) 34 tWHDX 65 tAVWL A Address Valid to WR Low 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid 87 tAVBL A Address Valid to WHB, WLB Low Data Hold after R 0 10 ns 10 ns T F 10 ns 0 10 ns 0 0 12 A tCLCH -2 tCLCL -10=15 tCLCL +tCHCL-1.25 0 10 tCHCL -1.25 18 ns 0 tCLCL + tCLCH -1 0 0 ns 10 Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN, WR, WHB and WLB signals. 82 D ns 35 ns tCLCH -2 ns 12 ns tCLCL+tCHCL-1.25 ns 0 10 ns tCHCL -1.25 15 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a ns ns 5 2tCLCL -10=40 WR Inactive to ALE 10 tCLCL + tCLCH -1.25 Delay(b) 31 12 7.5 Write Cycle Timing Responses tCLDOX Data Hold Time 30 ns 15 12 Control Active Delay Unit 12 tCLDV 1(b) Max 0 7 tCVCTX 50 MHz Min Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet PSRAM Write Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 t3 t1 t4 tW CLKOUTA 65 A19-A0 Address 68 8 S6 S6 S6 7 AD15-AD0*, AD7-AD0** Data 30 Address Data AO15-AO8** Address 23 11 9 ALE 10 33 32 WR 5 31 20 20 WHB*, WLB* WB** LCS 87 80 R 84 Notes: D * Am186ER microcontroller only ** Am188ER microcontroller only T F 34 81 A Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 31 80 83 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Refresh Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCHLH 9 ALE Active Delay 25 MHz Min Max 33 MHz Min 20 10 tLHLL ALE Width tCLCL -10=30 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 26 tRLRH RD Pulse Width 27 tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 0 20 2tCLCL -15=65 0 High(a) 20 tRHLH RD Inactive to ALE tCLCH -3 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 0 20 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay 0 20 0 20 0 20 82 tCLRF CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid 85 tRFCY RFSH Cycle Time 6 x tCLCL 86 tLCRF LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay 2tCLCL -3 15 ns 0 ns 15 ns 15 ns 2tCLCL -15=45 28 Refresh Timing Cycle Parameters tCLRFD CLKOUTA Low to RFSH Valid 79 Unit tCLCL -10=20 20 Read/Write Cycle Timing Responses tCLRL 25 RD Active Delay Max 0 ns 15 tCLCH -3 A ns ns T F 0 15 ns 0 15 ns 0 15 ns 0 15 ns 6 x tCLCL ns 2tCLCL -3 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. D 84 R Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges PSRAM Refresh Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCHLH 9 ALE Active Delay 40 MHz Min Max 50 MHz Min 12 10 tLHLL ALE Width tCLCL -5=20 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 26 tRLRH RD Pulse Width 27 tCLRH RD Inactive Delay 0 10 2tCLCL -10=40 0 High(a) tRHLH RD Inactive to ALE 80 tCLCLX LCS Inactive Delay 0 12 81 tCLCSL LCS Active Delay 0 12 0 12 0 12 82 tCLRF CLKOUTA High to RFSH Invalid 85 tRFCY RFSH Cycle Time 86 tLCRF LCS Inactive to RFSH Active Delay 10 ns 0 ns 10 ns 10 ns 35 12 28 tCLCH -2 Refresh Timing Cycle Parameters tCLRFD CLKOUTA Low to RFSH Valid 79 Unit 15 12 Read/Write Cycle Timing Responses tCLRL 25 RD Active Delay Max 0 ns 10 tCLCH -2 6 x tCLCL 2tCLCL -1.25 A ns ns T F 0 10 ns 0 10 ns 0 10 ns 0 10 ns 6 x tCLCL ns 2tCLCL -1.25 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. D R Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 85 PSRAM Refresh Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 t3 t4 t1 tW * CLKOUTA A19-A0 Address 11 9 ALE 10 27 28 26 RD 80 27 25 LCS 79 RFSH 82 85 86 A T F Note: * The period tw is fixed at three wait states for PSRAM auto refresh only. D 86 R 81 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Requirements tDVCL 1 Data in Setup 2 tCLDX 25 MHz Min Data in Hold General Timing Responses tCHSV 3 Status Active Delay Max 33 MHz Min Max Unit 10 8 ns 3 3 ns 0 20 0 15 ns tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 0 20 0 15 ns 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 0 20 0 15 ns 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 0 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 12 tAVLL AD Address Invalid to ALE 15 tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay 4 19 tDXDL 0 20 tCLCL -10=30 DEN Inactive to DT/R tCLCH tCLAX =0 Low(a) 0 1(b) 20 tCVCTV Control Active Delay 21 tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay 22 tCHCTV Control Active Delay 2(c) 23 tLHAV ALE High to Address Valid Delay(b) 31 tCVCTX Control Inactive 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid R 15 tCLAX =0 20 0 20 A 20 15 0 20 0 20 ns ns 15 0 0 0 ns tCLCH 20 ns T F tCLCL -10=20 20 Low(a) ns 15 ns ns 0 15 ns 0 15 ns 0 15 ns 10 ns 0 15 ns 0 15 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the INTA1-INTA0 signals. c This parameter applies to the DEN and DT/R signals. D Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 87 Switching Characteristics over Commercial Operating Ranges Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Requirements tDVCL 1 Data in Setup 2 tCLDX 40 MHz Min Data in Hold General Timing Responses tCHSV 3 Status Active Delay Max 50 MHz Min Max 5 5 ns 2 2 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 0 12 0 10 ns 7 tCLDV Data Valid Delay 0 12 0 10 ns 8 tCHDX Status Hold Time 0 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 12 tAVLL AD Address Invalid to ALE Low(a) 15 tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay tDXDL 20 tCVCTV Control Active Delay 21 tCVDEX DEN Inactive Delay tCHCTV 0 12 tCLCL -5=20 19 22 12 DEN Inactive to DT/R Control Active Delay tCLAX =0 2(c) 23 tLHAV 31 tCVCTX Control Inactive 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Valid ALE High to Address Valid Delay(b) R 12 12 0 14 A 0 T F 12 0 12 7.5 0 12 0 10 a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the INTA1-INTA0 signals. c This parameter applies to the DEN and DT/R signals. D ns ns 10 0 0 ns ns tCLCH 0 1(b) 10 15 tCLCH Low(a) ns ns ns 0 10 ns 0 14 ns 0 10 ns 5 ns 0 10 ns 0 10 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. 88 Unit Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Interrupt Acknowledge Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 t3 t4 tW CLKOUTA 68 A19-A0 Address 7 S6 8 S6 S6 1 AD15-AD0*, AD7-AD0** 2 (b) 12 Ptr 15 AO15-AO8** Address 23 9 ALE 10 11 T F 4 BHE* BHE 31 INTA1-INTA0 20 DEN 22 DT/R 19 (c) R 3 S2-S0 Notes: D * Am186ER microcontroller only ** Am188ER microcontroller only A 21 22 4 (a) 22 (d) Status a The status bits become inactive in the state preceding t4. b The data hold time lasts only until the interrupt acknowledge signal deasserts, even if the interrupt acknowledge transition occurs prior to tCLDX (min). c This parameter applies to an interrupt acknowledge cycle that follows a write cycle. d If followed by a write cycle, this change occurs in the state preceding that write cycle. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 89 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Software Halt Cycle (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCHSV 3 Status Active Delay 25 MHz Min 33 MHz Min Max Max Unit 0 20 0 15 ns tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 0 20 0 15 ns 5 tCLAV AD Address Invalid Delay 0 20 0 15 ns 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 15 ns 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 4 20 tCLCL -10=30 tCLCL -10=20 20 Low(a) 19 tDXDL 22 tCHCTV Control Active Delay 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Invalid DEN Inactive to DT/R 15 0 2(b) ns 0 0 20 0 20 ns ns 0 15 ns 0 15 ns T F Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN signal. Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Software Halt Cycle (40 MHz and 50 MHz) A Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description General Timing Responses tCHSV 3 Status Active Delay R 40 MHz Min Max 50 MHz Min Max Unit 0 12 0 10 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 10 ns 4 tCLSH Status Inactive Delay 5 tCLAV AD Address Invalid Delay 9 tCHLH ALE Active Delay 10 tLHLL ALE Width 11 tCHLL ALE Inactive Delay 19 tDXDL 22 tCHCTV Control Active Delay 2(b) 0 12 0 10 ns 68 tCHAV CLKOUTA High to A Address Invalid 0 10 0 10 ns D DEN Inactive to DT/R Low 12 tCLCL -5=20 (a) 15 12 0 ns 10 0 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a Testing is performed with equal loading on referenced pins. b This parameter applies to the DEN signal. 90 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet ns Software Halt Cycle Waveforms t1 t2 ti ti CLKOUTA 68 A19-A0 Invalid Address 5 S6, AD15-AD0*, AD7-AD0**, AO15-AO8** Invalid Address 10 ALE 9 11 DEN 19 DT/R 22 S2-S0 4 Status 3 Notes: * Am186ER microcontroller only ** Am188ER microcontroller only D R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 91 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Clock (25 MHz) Preliminary 25 MHz Min Parameter No. Symbol Description CLKIN Requirements for Times One Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time (1.5 V)(a) X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) 40 38 tCHCK 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time (1.5 V)(a) X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) 60 ns ns 15 ns 20 5 ns 5 ns 33 ns 10 38 tCHCK 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) CLKOUT Timing tCLCL 42 Unit 15 V)(a) CLKIN Requirements for Divide by Two Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) Max 10 V)(a) CLKOUTA Period 40 ns T F ns 5 ns 5 ns ns 43 tCLCH CLKOUTA Low Time (CL =50 pF) 0.5tCLCL -2=18 ns 44 tCHCL CLKOUTA High Time (CL =50 pF) 0.5tCLCL -2=18 ns 45 tCH1CH2 CLKOUTA Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V) 46 tCL2CL1 CLKOUTA Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 V) 61 tLOCK Maximum PLL Lock Time 69 tCICOA X1 to CLKOUTA Skew 70 tCICOB X1 to CLKOUTB Skew R A 3 ns 3 ns 1 ms 20 ns 34 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a The specifications for CLKIN are applicable to the Divide by Two and Times One modes. D The Times One mode should be used for operations from 16 MHz to 20 MHz. The Times Four mode should be used for operations above 20 MHz. 92 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Clock (33 MHz) Parameter No. Symbol Description CLKIN Requirements for Times Four Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time (1.5 V)(a) X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) 38 tCHCK 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) Preliminary 33 MHz Min Max Unit 120 125 ns 55 ns 55 ns V)(a) CLKIN Requirements for Times One Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) 30 X1 Low Time (1.5 V)(a) 10 X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) 37 tCLCK 38 tCHCK 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) 10 V)(a) CLKIN Requirements for Divide by Two Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time (1.5 2.5 V)(a) 2.5 38 tCHCK X1 High Time (1.5 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 V)(a) 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) CLKOUT Timing tCLCL 42 CLKOUTA Period tCLCH CLKOUTA Low Time (CL =50 pF) 44 tCHCL CLKOUTA High Time (CL =50 pF) 45 tCH1CH2 CLKOUTA Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V) 46 tCL2CL1 CLKOUTA Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 V) 61 tLOCK 69 70 43 15 V)(a) R A 30 5 ns 5 ns 60 ns ns T F ns 5 ns 5 ns 33 ns ns ns 5 ns 5 ns ns 0.5tCLCL -1.5=13.5 ns 0.5tCLCL -1.5=13.5 ns 3 ns 3 ns Maximum PLL Lock Time 1 ms tCICOA X1 to CLKOUTA Skew 20 ns tCICOB X1 to CLKOUTB Skew 26 ns D Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a The Times One mode should be used for operations from 16 MHz to 20 MHz. The Times Four mode should be used for operations above 20 MHz. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 93 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Clock (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description CLKIN Requirements for Times Four Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time (1.5 V)(a) X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) 38 tCHCK 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) 37 tCLCK X1 Low Time (1.5 X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) 39 tCKHL X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) X1 Low Time (1.5 X1 High Time (1.5 V)(a) ns 45 35 ns 5 5 ns 5 5 ns 60 ns ns 5 5 12.5 39 tCKHL 33 X1 Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 40 tCKLH X1 Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V)(a) 1.25 V)(a) CLKOUTA Period A T F Not Supported Not Supported 5 5 25 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns 20 ns tCLCH CLKOUTA Low Time (CL =50 pF) 0.5tCLCL-1.25=11.25 0.5tCLCL -1=9 ns 44 tCHCL CLKOUTA High Time (CL =50 pF) 0.5tCLCL-1.25=11.25 0.5tCLCL -1=9 ns 45 tCH1CH2 CLKOUTA Rise Time (1.0 to 3.5 V) 46 tCL2CL1 CLKOUTA Fall Time (3.5 to 1.0 V) 61 tLOCK 69 70 R 3 3 ns 3 3 ns Maximum PLL Lock Time 1 1 ms tCICOA X1 to CLKOUTA Skew 20 15 ns tCICOB X1 to CLKOUTB Skew 24 21 ns D Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. 94 125 ns 1.25 tCHCK 43 a Unit 35 7.5 38 CLKOUT Timing tCLCL 42 80 Max 45 V)(a) CLKIN Requirements for Divide by Two Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) tCLCK 125 50 MHz Min 7.5 tCHCK 37 100 25 38 V)(a) Max V)(a) CLKIN Requirements for Times One Mode tCKIN 36 X1 Period(a) V)(a) 40 MHz Min The Times One mode should be used for operations from 16 MHz to 20 MHz. The Times Four mode should be used for operations above 20 MHz. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Clock Waveforms--Active Mode X2 36 37 38 X1 40 39 46 45 CLKOUTA (Divide by one) 69 42 44 43 CLKOUTB 70 Clock Waveforms--Power-Save Mode X2 X1 CLKOUTA (Divide by four) CLKOUTB * CLKOUTB ** Notes: * D R A T F The CLKOUTB Output Frequency (CBF) bit in the Power Save Control Register (PDCON) is set to 1. ** The CLKOUTB Output Frequency (CBF) bit in the Power Save Control Register (PDCON) is cleared to 0. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 95 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Ready and Peripheral Timing (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary 25 MHz 33 MHz Min Max Min Max Parameter No. Symbol Description Ready and Peripheral Timing Requirements tSRYCL 47 SRDY Transition Setup Time(a) Time(a) tCLSRY SRDY Transition Hold 49 tARYCH ARDY Resolution Transition Setup Time(b) 50 tCLARX ARDY Active Hold 51 tARYCHL ARDY Inactive Holding Time 48 52 tARYLCL 53 tINVCH 54 tINVCL ARDY Setup Time(a) Peripheral Setup DRQ Setup Time(a) Time(b) Time(b) Unit 10 8 ns 3 3 ns 10 8 ns 4 4 ns 4 4 ns 15 10 ns 10 8 ns 10 8 ns Peripheral Timing Responses tCLTMV 55 Timer Output Delay 20 T F 15 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a This timing must be met to guarantee proper operation. b This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the clock edge. A Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Ready and Peripheral Timing (40 MHz and 50 MHz) R Parameter No. Symbol Description Ready and Peripheral Timing Requirements tSRYCL SRDY Transition Setup Time(a) 47 48 tCLSRY SRDY Transition Hold D Time(a) Time(b) Preliminary 40 MHz 50 MHz Min Max Min Max Unit 5 5 ns 2 2 ns 5 5 ns 49 tARYCH 50 tCLARX ARDY Active Hold Time 3 3 ns 51 tARYCHL ARDY Inactive Holding Time 5 5 ns 5 5 ns 5 5 ns 5 5 ns 52 tARYLCL 53 tINVCH 54 tINVCL ARDY Resolution Transition Setup ARDY Setup (a) Time(a) Peripheral Setup DRQ Setup Time(b) Time(b) Peripheral Timing Responses tCLTMV Timer Output Delay 55 12 10 Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a This timing must be met to guarantee proper operation. b This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the clock edge. 96 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet ns Synchronous Ready Waveforms Case 11 tW tW tW t4 Case 21 t3 tW tW t4 Case 31 t2 t3 tW t4 Case 41 t1 t2 t3 t4 Case 52 t1 t2 t3 tw t4 CLKOUTA 47 SRDY (Normally NotReady System) 48 SRDY (Normally Ready System) Notes: 1. Normally not-ready system. 2. Normally ready system. Asynchronous Ready Waveforms CLKOUTA Case 11 tW Case 21 t3 Case 31 t2 Case 41 t1 Case 52 t1 D ARDY (Normally Not-Ready System) R A tW T F tW t4 tW t4 t3 tW t4 t2 t3 t4 t2 t3 tw tW 49 t4 50 49 ARDY (Normally Ready System) 50 51 52 Notes: 1. Normally not-ready system. 2. Normally ready system. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 97 Peripheral Waveforms CLKOUTA 53 INT4-INT0, NMI, TMRIN1-TMRIN0 54 DRQ1-DRQ0 55 TMROUT1- TMROUT0 D 98 R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Reset and Bus Hold (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Preliminary 25 MHz 33 MHz Min Max Min Max Parameter No. Symbol Description Reset and Bus Hold Timing Requirements tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay Unit 0 20 0 15 ns 20 0 15 ns 15 tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay 0 57 tRESIN RES Setup Time 10 8 ns 58 tHVCL 10 8 ns HOLD Setup(a) Reset and Bus Hold Timing Responses tCLHAV 62 HLDA Valid Delay 15 ns 63 tCHCZ Command Lines Float Delay 0 20 20 0 15 ns 64 tCHCV Command Lines Valid Delay (after Float) 20 15 ns T F Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the next clock. Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Reset and Bus Hold (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Parameter No. Symbol Description Reset and Bus Hold Timing Requirements tCLAV 5 AD Address Valid Delay R 15 tCLAZ AD Address Float Delay 57 tRESIN RES Setup Time 58 tHVCL HOLD Setup(a) A Preliminary 40 MHz Min Max 50 MHz Min Max Unit 0 12 0 10 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 5 5 ns 5 5 ns Reset and Bus Hold Timing Responses D 62 tCLHAV HLDA Valid Delay 63 tCHCZ Command Lines Float Delay tCHCV Command Lines Valid Delay (after Float) 64 0 12 0 10 ns 12 10 ns 12 10 ns Notes: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. a This timing must be met to guarantee recognition at the next clock. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 99 Reset Waveforms X1 57 57 RES CLKOUTA Note: RES must be held Low for 1 ms during power-up to ensure proper device initialization. Activating the PLL will require 1 ms to achieve a stable clock. Signals Related to Reset Waveforms RES CLKOUTA BHE/ADEN*, RFSH2/ADEN*, S6/CLKSEL1* **, UZI/CLKSEL2** S1/IMDIS*, and S0/SREN* AD15-AD0 (186) AO15-AO8, AD7-AD0 (188) R Three-State D S6/CLKSEL1***, UZI/CLKSEL2*** Notes: Divide by Two and Times One Modes A T F Three-State Times Four Mode Three-State * Because BHE, RFSH2, S6, UZI, S1, and S0 are not driven for 6.5 clocks after reset, their alternate functions can be asserted with external pulldown resistors. ** In Divide by Two mode and Times One mode, S6/CLKSEL1 and UZI/CLKSEL2 must be held for 3 clock cycles after reset negates. ***In Times Four mode, S6/CLKSEL1 and UZI/CLKSEL2 must be held for 5 clock cycles after reset negates. 100 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Bus Hold Waveforms--Entering Case 1 ti ti ti Case 2 t4 ti ti CLKOUTA 58 HOLD 62 HLDA 15 AD15-AD0, DEN 63 A19-A0, S6, RD, WR, BHE, DT/R, S2-S0 WHB, WLB Bus Hold Waveforms--Leaving CLKOUTA Case 1 ti Case 2 ti R 58 HOLD HLDA D A ti ti T F ti t1 t4 t1 62 5 AD15-AD0, DEN A19-A0, S6, RD, WR, BHE, DT/R, S2-S0 WHB, WLB 64 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 101 Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (25 MHz and 33 MHz) Parameter No. Symbol Description Synchronous Serial Port Timing Requirements tDVSH 75 Data Valid to SCLK High 77 tSHDX SCLK High to SPI Data Hold Preliminary 25 MHz 33 MHz Min Max Min Max Unit 10 8 ns 3 2 ns Synchronous Serial Port Timing Responses CLKOUTA Low to 71 tCLEV SDEN1 or SDEN0 Valid 20 0 15 ns 72 tCLSL CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low 20 0 15 ns 78 tSLDV SCLK Low to Data Valid 20 0 15 ns Note: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. T F Switching Characteristics over Commercial and Industrial Operating Ranges Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) (40 MHz and 50 MHz) Preliminary Parameter No. Symbol Description Synchronous Serial Port Timing Requirements tDVSH 75 Data Valid to SCLK High 77 tSHDX SCLK High to SPI Data Hold R Synchronous Serial Port Timing Responses CLKOUTA Low to tCLEV 71 SDEN1 or SDEN0 Valid tCLSL 72 CLKOUTA Low to SCLK Low 78 tSLDV SCLK Low to Data Valid D 40 MHz Min Max A 5 2 50 MHz Min Max Unit 5 ns 2 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 0 12 0 10 ns 0 12 0 10 ns Note: All timing parameters are measured at VCC /2 with 50 pF loading on CLKOUTA, unless otherwise noted. All output test conditions are with CL =50 pF. For switching tests, VIL =0.3 V and VIH =VCC -0.3 V. 102 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet Synchronous Serial Interface (SSI) Waveforms CLKOUTA 71 SDEN1 or SDEN0 72 72 SCLK SDATA (RX) DATA 77 75 SDATA (TX) DATA 78 T F Note: SDATA is bidirectional and used for either transmit (TX) or receive (RX). Timing is shown separately for each case. D R A Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 103 TQFP PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS PQL 100, Trimmed and Formed Thin Quad Flat Pack 100 1 15.80 16.20 13.80 14.20 13.80 14.20 15.80 16.20 1.35 1.45 D 1.00 REF. 0.17 0.27 R A T F 11 - 13 1.60 MAX 0.50 BSC 11 - 13 Notes: 1. All measurements are in millimeters, unless otherwise noted. 2. Not to scale; for reference only. 104 Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 16-038-PQT-2_AI PQL100 9.3.96 lv PQFP PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS PQR 100, Trimmed and Formed Plastic Quad Flat Pack Pin 100 12.35 REF 13.90 14.10 17.00 17.40 Pin 80 Pin 1 I.D. T F 18.85 REF 19.90 20.10 23.00 23.40 Pin 30 2.70 2.90 0.25 MIN D R A 0.65 BASIC Pin 50 3.35 MAX SEATING PLANE 16-038-PQR-1_AH PQR100 DP92 6-20-96 lv Notes: 1. All measurements are in millimeters, unless otherwise noted. 2. Not to scale; for reference only. Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet 105 D 106 R A T F Am186TMER and Am188TMER Microcontrollers Data Sheet INDEX A C A17/PIO7, 30 A18/PIO8, 30 A19/PIO9, 30 absolute maximum ratings, 60 active mode clock waveforms, 95 AD15-AD8, 30 AD7-AD0, 30 address bus Am186ER disable in effect, 42 normal operation, 42 Am188ER disable in effect, 43 ALE, 31 alphabetic PIO pin assignments, 36 ambient temperatures ambient, 62 PQFP with four-to-six layer board, 65 PQFP with two-layer board, 63 TQFP with four-to-six layer boards, 66 TQFP with two-layer board, 64 AO15-AO8, 30 application considerations, 14 ARDY, 31 asynchronous ready waveforms, 97 asynchronous serial port, 56 B BHE/ADEN, 31 block diagram Am186ER, 2 Am188ER, 3 bus cycle encoding, 37 bus hold waveforms entering, 101 leaving, 101 bus interface unit, 41 bus operation, 41 byte write enables, 41 chip-select low memory, 51 overlap, 51 timing, 49 unit, 49 upper memory, 51 chip-selects midrange memory, 51 peripheral, 52 CLKOUTA, 31 CLKOUTB, 31 clock (25 MHz), 92 clock (33 MHz), 93 clock (40 and 50 MHz), 94 clock and power management, 44 clock frequencies minimum and maximum, 44 clock generation, 14 clock organization, 48 clock source crystal driven, 45 clock waveforms active mode, 95 power-save mode, 95 clocking modes, 39 commercial operating ranges, 60 comparison Am186ER and 80C186 microcontrollers, 15 crystal selecting, 45 crystal-driven clock source, 45 customer support, 13 documentation and literature, 13 hotline and web, 13 literature ordering, 13 third-party development support products, 13 web home page, 13 Am186TMCC Communications Controller Data Sheet Index-1 D H DC characteristics, 60 demonstration board products, 13 DEN/PIO5, 31 description, 1 functional, 40 direct memory access, 54 DMA Am186ER maximum transfer rates, 55 asynchronous serial port transfers, 55 channel control registers, 55-56 operation, 55 priority, 55-56 transfers through serial port, 56 unit block diagram, 56 documentation See customer support. DRQ1-DRQ0, 32 DT/R/PIO4, 32 E emulator and debug modes, 52 internal memory disable, 52 show read enable, 52 external source clock, 45 HLDA, 32 HOLD, 32 hotline and world wide web support, 13 I I/O circuitry, 59 I/O space, 40 industrial operating ranges, 60 initialization and processor reset, 48 input/output circuitry, 59 INT0, 32 INT1/SELECT, 32 INT2/INTA0/PIO31, 33 INT3/INTA1/IRQ, 33 INT4/PIO30, 33 interaction with external RAM, 52 internal memory, 52 internal memory disable, 52 internal RAM show read cycle waveform, 77 interrupt acknowledge cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 87 interrupt acknowledge cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 88 interrupt acknowledge cycle waveforms, 89 interrupt control unit, 53 programming, 53 F features 3.3-V operation with 5-V-tolerant I/O, 14 available native development tools, applications, and system software, 1 enhanced bus interface, 1 enhanced functionality, 1, 14 enhanced integrated peripherals, 1 enhanced performance, 14 faster access to memory and clock input modes, 1 integrated RAM, 14 memory integration, 1 software-compatible, 1 x86 software compatibility, 14 four-pin interface, 57 functional description, 40 J junction temperature calculation, 62 L LCS/ONCE0, 33 literature See customer support. logic diagram ARDY and SRDY synchronization, 49 low memory chip select, 51 low-voltage operation, 57 low-voltage standard, 59 G GND, 32 Index-2 Am186TMCC Communications Controller Data Sheet M MCS2-MCS0, 34 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25, 33 memory interface, 14 example, 15 memory maps, 50 diagram, 50 memory organization, 40 midrange memory chip selects, 51 modes emulator and debug, 52 N NMI, 34 nonmultiplexed address bus, 41 numeric PIO pin assignments, 36 O operating ranges, 60 commercial and industrial, 60 operation low-voltage, 57 ordering information, 4 oscillator configurations, 45 output enable, 41 P PCB, 44 reading and writing, 44 PCS0/PIO16, 34 PCS1/PIO17, 34 PCS2/PIO18, 34 PCS3/PIO19, 34 PCS3-PCS0, 34 PCS5/A1/PIO3, 34 PCS6/A2/PIO2, 34 peripheral chip selects, 52 peripheral control block, 44 peripheral waveforms, 98 phase-locked loop, 44 pins A19-A0, 30 AD15-AD8, 30 AD7-AD0, 30 ALE, 31 alphabetic PIO assignments, 36 AO15-AO8, 30 ARDY, 31 BHE/ADEN, 31 CLKOUTA, 31 CLKOUTB, 31 clocking modes, 39 DEN/PIO5, 31 descriptions, 30 DRQ1-DRQ0, 32 DT/R/PIO4, 32 GND, 32 HLDA, 32 HOLD, 32 INT0, 32 INT1/SELECT, 32 INT2/INTA0/PIO31, 33 INT3/INTA1/IRQ, 33 INT4/PIO30, 33 LCS/ONCE0, 33 MCS2-MCS0, 34 MCS3/RFSH/PIO25, 33 NMI, 34 numeric PIO assignments, 36 PCS0/PIO16, 34 PCS1/PIO17, 34 PCS3-PCS0, 34 PCS6/A2/PIO2, 34 PIO, 57 PIO31-PIO0, 35 RD, 35 RES, 35 RFSH2/ADEN, 35 RXD/PIO28, 35 S0/SREN, 37 S1/IMDIS, 37 S2, 35 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29, 37 SCLK/PIO20, 37 SDATA/PIO21, 37 SDEN0/PIO22, 37 SDEN1/PIO23, 37 SRDY/PIO6, 38 TMRIN0/PIO11, 38 TMRIN1/PIO0, 38 TMROUT0/PIO10, 38 TMROUT1/PIO1, 38 TXD/PIO27, 38 UCS/ONCE1, 38 used by emulators, 30 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26, 38 VCC, 39 WB (Am188ER microcontroller only), 39 WHB, 39 WLB (Am186ER microcontroller only), 39 WR, 39 X1, 39 X2, 39 PIO31-PIO0, 35 plastic quad flat pack, 105 Am186TMCC Communications Controller Data Sheet Index-3 PLL, 44 power consumption calculation, 62 power savings, 59 power-save mode clock waveforms, 95 power-save operation, 48 PQFP connection diagram and pinouts Am186ER, 22 Am188ER, 25 PQFP physical dimensions, 105 PQFP pin assignments Am186ER sorted by pin name, 24 sorted by pin number, 23 Am188ER sorted by pin name, 27 sorted by pin number, 26 programmable I/O (PIO) pins, 57 programming interrupt control unit, 53 ready and wait-state, 49 pseudo static RAM support, 44 PSRAM support, 44 PSRAM read cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 78 PSRAM read cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 79 PSRAM read cycle waveforms, 80 PSRAM refresh cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 84 PSRAM refresh cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 85 PSRAM refresh cycle waveforms, 86 PSRAM write cycle waveforms, 83 PSRAM write cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 81 PSRAM write cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 82 R RAM interaction with external, 52 RD, 35 read cycle waveforms, 72 ready and peripheral timing (25 and 33 MHz), 96 ready and peripheral timing (40 and 50 MHz), 96 ready and wait-state programming, 49 refresh control unit, 53 related documents, 13 RES, 35 reset initialization and processor, 48 reset and bus hold (25 and 33 MHz), 99 reset and bus hold (40 and 50 MHz), 99 Index-4 reset configuration register, 48 reset waveforms, 100 related signals, 100 revision history, 10 RFSH2/ADEN, 35 RXD/PIO28, 35 S S0/SREN, 37 S1/IMDIS, 37 S2, 35 S6/CLKSEL1/PIO29, 37 SCLK/PIO20, 37 SDATA/PIO21, 37 SDEN0/PIO22, 37 SDEN1/PIO23, 37 serial ports DMA transfers, 55 software halt cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 90 software halt cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 90 software halt cycle waveforms, 91 source clock external, 45 SRDY/PIO6, 38 SSI, 102 multiple read, 58 multiple write, 58 waveforms, 103 support, 13 switching characteristics clock (25 MHz), 92 clock (33 MHz), 93 clock (40 and 50 MHz), 94 commercial, 67 industrial, 67 internal RAM show read cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 76 interrupt acknowledge cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 87 interrupt acknowledge cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 88 PSRAM read cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 78 PSRAM read cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 79 PSRAM refresh cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 84 PSRAM refresh cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 85 PSRAM write cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 81 PSRAM write cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 82 read cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 70 read cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 71 ready and peripheral timing (25 and 33 MHz), 96 ready and peripheral timing (40 and 50 MHz), 96 reset and bus hold (25 and 33 MHz), 99 reset and bus hold (40 and 50 MHz), 99 software halt cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 90 software halt cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 90 Am186TMCC Communications Controller Data Sheet synchronous serial interface (25 and 33 MHz), 102 synchronous serial interface (40 and 50 MHz), 102 write cycle (25 and 33 MHz), 72-73 write cycle (40 and 50 MHz), 74, 76 switching parameter symbols alphabetical key, 68 numerical key, 69 switching waveforms key, 67 synchronous ready waveforms, 97 synchronous serial interface, 56 multiple read, 58 multiple write, 58 synchronous serial interface (25 and 33 MHz), 102 synchronous serial interface (40 and 50 MHz), 102 synchronous serial interface waveforms, 103 T thermal characteristics, 61 thermal characteristics equations, 61 thermal resistance, 61 thin quad flat pack, 104 third-party development support products, 13 timer control unit, 53 TMRIN0/PIO11, 38 TMRIN1/PIO0, 38 TMROUT0/PIO10, 38 TMROUT1/PIO1, 38 TQFP connection diagram and pinouts Am186ER, 16 Am188ER, 19 TQFP package, 61 TQFP physical dimensions, 104 TQFP pin assignments Am186ER, 19 sorted by pin name, 18 sorted by pin number, 17 Am188ER sorted by pin name, 21 sorted by pin number, 20 two-component address, 40 TXD/PIO27, 38 typical ambient temperatures, 62 V VCC, 39 W watchdog timer, 54 waveform internal RAM show read, 77 waveforms, 67 asynchronous ready, 97 bus hold entering, 101 leaving, 101 interrupt acknowledge cycle, 89 peripheral, 98 PSRAM read cycle, 80 PSRAM refresh cycle, 86 PSRAM write cycle, 83 read cycle, 72 reset, 100 signals related to reset, 100 software halt cycle, 91 SSI, 103 synchronous ready, 97 synchronous serial interface, 103 write cycle, 75 WB (Am188ER microcontroller only), 39 WHB, 39 WLB (Am186ER microcontroller only), 39 world wide web support, 13 WR, 39 write cycle waveforms, 75 www home page, 13 support, 13 X X1, 39 X2, 39 U UCS/ONCE1, 38 upper memory chip select, 51 UZI/CLKSEL2/PIO26, 38 Am186TMCC Communications Controller Data Sheet Index-5 Trademarks 2006 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. AMD, the AMD logo, and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Am386, Am5x86, and Am486 are registered trademarks, and Am186, Am188, E86, Elan, and AMD-K6 are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. FusionE86 is a service mark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Other product names used in this publication are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks of their respective companies. Disclaimer The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. ("AMD") products. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD's Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD's products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any other application in which the failure of AMD's product could create a situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage may occur. AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its products at any time without notice. (c) 2006 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. All rights reserved. Am186TMCC Communications Controller Data Sheet