MIC29372WU TR - MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

May 2006 1 MIC2937A/29371/29372

Features

• High output voltage accuracy

• Guaranteed 750mA output

• Low quiescent current

• Low dropout voltage

• Extremely tight load and line regulation

• Very low temperature coefﬁcient

• Current and thermal limiting

• Input can withstand –20V reverse battery and +60V posi-

tive transients

• Error ﬂag warns of output dropout

• Logic-controlled electronic shutdown

• Output programmable from 1.24V to 26V(MIC29372)

• Available in TO-220, TO-263, TO-220-5, and TO-263-5

packages.

Applications

• Battery Powered Equipment

• Cellular Telephones

• Laptop, Notebook, and Palmtop Computers

• PCMCIA VCC and VPP Regulation/Switching

• Bar Code Scanners

• Automotive Electronics

• SMPS Post-Regulator/ DC to DC Modules

• High Efﬁciency Linear Power Supplies

Pin Conﬁguration

GROUND OUTPUTINPUT

TO-220-5 Package

(MIC29371/29372BT/WT)

TO-220 Package

(MIC2937A-xxBT/WT)

General Description

The MIC2937A family are “bulletproof” efﬁcient voltage regu-

lators with very low dropout voltage (typically 40mV at light

loads and 300mV at 500mA), and very low quiescent current

(160µA typical). The quiescent current of the MIC2937A in-

creases only slightly in dropout, thus prolonging battery life.

Key MIC2937A features include protection against reversed

battery, fold-back current limiting, and automotive “load dump”

protection (60V positive transient).

The MIC2937 is available in several conﬁgurations. The

MIC2937A-xx devices are three pin ﬁxed voltage regulators

with 3.3V, 5V, and 12V outputs available. The MIC29371 is

a ﬁxed regulator offering logic compatible ON/OFF switching

input and an error ﬂag output. This ﬂag may also be used as

a power-on reset signal. A logic-compatible shutdown input

is provided on the adjustable MIC29372, which enables the

regulator to be switched on and off.

TO-263 Package

(MIC2937A-xxBU/WU)

GROUND OUTPUTINPUT

TO-263-5 Package

(MIC29371/29372BU/WU)

Five Lead Package Pin Functions:

MIC29371 MIC29372

1) Error Adjust

2) Input Shutdown

3) Ground Ground

4) Output Input

5) Shutdown Output

The TAB is Ground on the TO-220 and TO-263 packages.

MIC2937A/29371/29372

750mA Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator

Micrel, Inc. • 2180 Fortune Drive • San Jose, CA 95131 • USA • tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 • fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 • http://www.micrel.com

21 3

1 2 3 4 5

21 3

1 2 3 4 5

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 2 May 2006

Ordering Information

Part Number Voltage Junction Temp. Range Package

Standard RoHS Compliant*

MIC2937A-3.3BU MIC2937A-3.3WU 3.3V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-3

MIC2937A-3.3BT MIC2937A-3.3WT 3.3V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-3

MIC2937A-5.0BU MIC2937A-5.0WU 5.0V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-3

MIC2937A-5.0BT MIC2937A-5.0WT 5.0V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-3

MIC2937A-12BU MIC2937A-12WU 12V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-3

MIC2937A-12BT MIC2937A-12WT 12V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-3

MIC29371-3.3BU MIC29371-3.3WU 3.3V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-5

MIC29371-3.3BT MIC29371-3.3WT 3.3V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-5

MIC29371-5.0BU MIC29371-5.0WU 5.0V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-5

MIC29371-5.0BT MIC29371-5.0WT 5.0V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-5

MIC29371-12BU MIC29371-12WU 12V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-5

MIC29371-12BT MIC29371-12WT 12V –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-5

MIC29372BU MIC29372WU ADJ –40ºC to +125ºC TO-263-5

MIC29372BT MIC29372WT ADJ –40ºC to +125ºC TO-220-5

* RoHS compliant with ‘high-melting solder’ exemption.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

May 2006 3 MIC2937A/29371/29372

Electrical Characteristics

Limits in standard typeface are for TJ = 25°C and limits in boldface apply over the full operating temperature range. Unless other-

wise speciﬁed, VIN = VOUT + 1V, IL = 5mA, CL = 10µF. The MIC29372 are programmed for a 5V output voltage, and VSHUTDOWN ≤ 0.6V

(MIC29371-xx and MIC29372 only).

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typical Max Units

VO Output Voltage Variation from factory trimmed VOUT –1 1 %

Accuracy –2 2

5mA ≤ IL ≤ 500mA –2.5 2.5

MIC2937A-12 and 29371-12 only: –1.5 1.5

–3 3

5mA ≤ IL ≤ 500mA –4 4

ΔVO Output Voltage (Note 2) 20 100 ppm/°C

ΔT Temperature Coef. Output voltage > 10V 80 350

ΔVO Line Regulation VIN = VOUT + 1V to 26V 0.03 0.10 %

VO 0.40

ΔVO Load Regulation IL = 5 to 500mA 0.04 0.16 %

VO (Note 3) 0.30

VIN – VO Dropout Voltage IL = 5mA 80 150 mV

(Note 4) 180

IL = 100mA 200

Output voltage > 10V 240

IL = 500mA 300

Output voltage > 10V 420

IL = 750mA 370 600

750

IGND Ground Pin Current IL = 5mA 160 250 µA

(Note 5) 300

IL = 100mA 1 2.5 mA

IL = 500mA 8 13

IL = 750mA 15 25

IGNDDO Ground Pin VIN = 0.5V less than designed VOUT 200 500 µA

Current at Dropout (VOUT ≥ 3.3V)

(Note 5) IO = 5mA

ILIMIT Current Limit VOUT = 0V 1.1 1.5 A

(Note 6) 2

ΔVO Thermal Regulation (Note 7) 0.05 0.2 %/W

ΔPD

en Output Noise CL = 10µF 400 µV RMS

Voltage

(10Hz to 100kHz) CL = 100µF 260

IL = 100mA

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Power Dissipation (Note 1)...............................................Internally Limited

Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 seconds).........................................260°C

Storage Temperature Range.............................................–65°C to +150°C

Operating Junction Temperature Range ..........................–40°C to +125°C

TO-220 θJC .....................................................................................2.5°C/W

TO-263 θJC .....................................................................................2.5°C/W

Input Supply Voltage..............................................................–20V to +60V

Operating Input Supply Voltage..................................................2V† to 26V

Adjust Input Voltage (Notes 9 and 10).................................–1.5V to +26V

Shutdown Input Voltage .......................................................–0.3V to +30V

Error Comparator Output Voltage.........................................–0.3V to +30V

† Across the full operating temperature, the minimum input voltage range for

full output current is 4.3V to 26V. Output will remain in-regulation at lower

output voltages and low current loads down to an input of 2V at 25°C.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 4 May 2006

Electrical Characteristics (Continued)

MIC29372

Parameter Conditions Min Typical Max Units

Reference Voltage 1.223 1.235 1.247 V

1.210 1.260 V max

Reference Voltage (Note 8) 1.204 1.266 V

Adjust Pin 20 40 nA

Bias Current 60

Reference Voltage (Note 7) 20 ppm/°C

Temperature

Coefﬁcient

Adjust Pin Bias 0.1 nA/°C

Current Temperature

Coefﬁcient

Error Comparator

Output Leakage VOH = 26V 0.01 1.00 µA

Current 2.00

Output Low VIN = 4.5V 150 250 mV

Voltage IOL = 250µA 400

Upper Threshold (Note 9) 40 60 mV

Voltage 25

Lower Threshold (Note 9) 75 95 mV

Voltage 140

Hysteresis (Note 9) 15 mV

Shutdown Input

Input Logic Voltage 1.3 V

Low (ON) 0.7

High (OFF) 2.0

Shutdown Pin VSHUTDOWN = 2.4V 30 50 µA

Input Current 100

VSHUTDOWN = 26V 450 600 µA

750

Regulator Output (Note 10) 3 10 µA

Current in Shutdown 20

MIC29371

MIC29371/MIC29372

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

May 2006 5 MIC2937A/29371/29372

Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical speciﬁcations do not

apply when operating the device outside of its rated operating conditions. The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the

maximum junction temperature, TJ (MAX), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θJA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum

allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: P(MAX) = (TJ(MAX) – TA) / θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable

power dissipation will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown.

Note 2: Output voltage temperature coefﬁcient is deﬁned as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range.

Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature using low duty cycle pulse testing. Changes in output voltage due to

heating effects are covered by the thermal regulation speciﬁcation.

Note 4: Dropout Voltage is deﬁned as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 100 mV below its nominal value

measured at 1V differential. At low values of programmed output voltage, the minimum input supply voltage of 4.3V over temperature must

be taken into account. The MIC2937A operates down to 2V of input at reduced output current at 25°C.

Note 5: Ground pin current is the regulator quiescent current. The total current drawn from the source is the sum of the load current

plus the ground pin current.

Note 6: The MIC2937A family features fold-back current limiting. The short circuit (VOUT = 0V) current limit is less than the maximum

current with normal output voltage.

Note 7: Thermal regulation is deﬁned as the change in output voltage at a time T after a change in power dissipation is applied, exclud-

ing load or line regulation effects. Speciﬁcations are for a 200mA load pulse at VIN = 20V (a 4W pulse) for T = 10ms.

Note 8: VREF ≤ VOUT ≤ (VIN – 1 V), 4.3V ≤ VIN ≤ 26V, 5mA < IL ≤ 750 mA, TJ ≤ TJ MAX.

Note 9: Comparator thresholds are expressed in terms of a voltage differential at the Adjust terminal below the nominal reference voltage

measured at 6V input (for a 5V regulator). To express these thresholds in terms of output voltage change, multiply by the error ampliﬁer

gain = VOUT /VREF = (R1 + R2)/R2. For example, at a programmed output voltage of 5V, the Error output is guaranteed to go low when

the output drops by 95 mV x 5V/1.235 V = 384 mV. Thresholds remain constant as a percent of VOUT as VOUT is varied, with the dropout

warning occurring at typically 5% below nominal, 7.7% guaranteed.

Note 10: Circuit of Figure 3 with R1 ≥ 150kΩ. VSHUTDOWN ≥ 2V and VIN ≤ 26V,VOUT = 0.

Note 11: When used in dual supply systems where the regulator load is returned to a negative supply, the output voltage must be diode

clamped to ground.

Note 12: Maximum positive supply voltage of 60V must be of limited duration (< 100ms) and duty cycle ( ≤ 1%). The maximum continu-

ous supply voltage is 26V.

FEEDBACK

SENSE

Q15A

OUT

Q24

Q26

R27

V TAP

R28

R18

20 k Ω

Q25

Q23

Q22

R15

100 k Ω

R16

30 k Ω

Q29

Q28

R17

10 Ω

R21 8 Ω

R17

12 k Ω

Q31

Q30

R23 60 k Ω

SHDN

R24

50 k Ω

R22

150 k Ω

Q21

Q19

40 pF

R14

350

k Ω

Q14

R13

100

k Ω

Q18

R12

110

k Ω

Q20

Q15B

R11

20.6

k Ω

31.4 k Ω

R10

150

k Ω

27.8 k Ω

Q11

Q12

Q13

140

k Ω

180

k Ω

13 kΩ

50 k Ω

R11

k Ω

20 kΩ

50 kΩ

Q41

R30

k Ω

Q40

Q34

GND

Q36

Q37

R25

2.8 kΩ

Q38

ERROR

R26

60 kΩ

Q39

Q42

Q16

Q17

50 kΩ

10 kΩ

DENOTES CONNECTION ON

MIC2937A-xx AND MIC29371-xx

VERSIONS ONLY

Schematic Diagram

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 6 May 2006

Typical Characteristics

100

200

300

400

500

0 200 400 600 800

EGATLOV

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

Dropout Voltage

vs. Output Current

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

)Vm

(

EGAT

OVTUOPORD

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Dropout Voltage

vs. Temperature

LOAD

= 750mA

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

)

(

EGATLO

TUPTUO

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Dropout

Characteristics

LOAD

= 5mA

LOAD

= 750mA

0.1

1 10 100 1000

(TNERRU

CDN

UORG

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

Ground Current

vs. Output Current

100

150

200

012345678

(TN

UCDN

UORG µ )

SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)

Ground Current

vs. Supply Voltage

FIXED 5V VERSION

LOAD = 5mA

0 2 4 6 8 10

)Am(TNERRUCDNUORG

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Ground Current

vs. Supply Voltage

FIXED 5V

LOAD = 750mA

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

)Am(T

ERRUCDN

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Ground Current

vs. Temperature

LOAD

= 5mA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

)

DNUO

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Ground Current

vs. Temperature

LOAD

= 100mA

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

m(T

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Ground Current

vs. Temperature

LOAD

= 750mA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

)

A(T

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Short Circuit and Maximum

Current vs. Temperature

OUT

= V

NOMINAL

– 0.5V

OUT

= 0V

FIXED 5V

VERSION

-100

100

200

300

400

500

-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30

(

TNERRUCDNUORG µ )A

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

Ground Current

vs. Input Voltage

LOAD

= 100

Ω

3.20

3.22

3.24

3.26

3.28

3.30

3.32

3.34

3.36

3.38

3.40

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

)V(EGA

LOVTUPTU

TEMPERATURE (°C)

Fixed 3.3V Output Voltage

vs. Temperature

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

May 2006 7 MIC2937A/29371/29372

100

125

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

(

TNE

ELBANE µ )

TEMPERATURE (°C)

MIC29371/2 Shutdown Current

vs. Temperaure

= 5V

= 2V

-300

-150

150

300

∆ )Vm(TUPTUO

-250

250

500

750

1000

-5 0 5 10

)Am(TUPTUO

TIME (ms)

Load Transient

OUT

= 10

5mA

-200

-100

100

200

∆ )Vm(TUPTUO

-250

250

500

750

1000

-5 0 5 10

)Am(TUPTUO

TIME (ms)

Load Transeint

OUT

= 100

5mA

-60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150

)An(

RUCN

PTSUJDA

TEMPERATURE (°C)

MIC29372/3 Adjust Pin

Current vs. Temperature

LOAD

= 1mA

-40

-20

∆ )

m(T

PTUO

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

)V(TUP

TIME (ms)

Line Transient

OUT

= 10

IL = 5mA

-10

∆ )

m(T

PTU

-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

)V(

TUPN

TIME (ms)

Line Transient

OUT

= 100

IL = 5mA

0.01

0.1

x1 0

x01 0

01x001 0

x1 3

01x01 3

x001 3

01x1 6

(ECN

OΩ)

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Output Impedance

vs. Frequency

LOAD

= 10mA

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 8 May 2006

Applications Information

External Capacitors

A 10µF (or greater) capacitor is required between the MIC2937A

output and ground to prevent oscillations due to instability. Most

types of tantalum or aluminum electrolytics will be adequate;

ﬁlm types will work, but are costly and therefore not recom-

mended. Many aluminum electrolytics have electrolytes that

freeze at about –30°C, so solid tantalums are recommended

for operation below –25°C. The important parameters of the

capacitor are an effective series resistance of about 5Ω or

less and a resonant frequency above 500kHz. The value of

this capacitor may be increased without limit.

At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is

required for output stability. The capacitor can be reduced to

0.5µF for current below 10mA or 0.15µF for currents below

1 mA. Adjusting the MIC29372 to voltages below 5V runs the

error ampliﬁer at lower gains so that more output capacitance

is needed. For the worst-case situation of a 750mA load at

1.23V output (Output shorted to Adjust) a 22µF (or greater)

capacitor should be used.

The MIC2937A/29371 will remain in regulation with a minimum

load of 5mA. When setting the output voltage of the MIC29372

version with external resistors, the current through these resis-

tors may be included as a portion of the minimum load.

A 0.1µF capacitor should be placed from the input to ground

if there is more than 10 inches of wire between the input and

the AC ﬁlter capacitor or if a battery is used as the input.

Error Detection Comparator Output (MIC29371)

A logic low output will be produced by the comparator when-

ever the MIC29371 output falls out of regulation by more than

approximately 5%. This ﬁgure is the comparator’s built-in

offset of about 75mV divided by the 1.235V reference volt-

age. (Refer to the block diagram on Page 1). This trip level

remains “5% below normal” regardless of the programmed

output voltage of the MIC29371. For example, the error ﬂag

trip level is typically 4.75V for a 5V output or 11.4V for a 12V

output. The out of regulation condition may be due either to

low input voltage,extremely high input voltage, current limit-

ing, or thermal limiting.

Figure 1 is a timing diagram depicting the ERROR signal

and the regulated output voltage as the MIC29371 input is

ramped up and down. The ERROR signal becomes valid (low)

at about 1.3V input. It goes high at about 5V input (the input

voltage at which VOUT = 4.75). Since the MIC29371’s dropout

voltage is load-dependent (see curve in Typical Performance

Characteristics), the input voltage trip point (about 5V) will

vary with the load current. The output voltage trip point (ap-

proximately 4.75V) does not vary with load.

* SEE APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Figure 1. ERROR Output Timing

The error comparator has an NPN open-collector output which

requires an external pull-up resistor. Depending on system

requirements, this resistor may be returned to the 5V output

or some other supply voltage. In determining a value for this

resistor, note that while the output is rated to sink 250µA, this

sink current adds to battery drain in a low battery condition.

Suggested values range from 100k to 1MΩ. The resistor is

not required if this output is unused.

Programming the Output Voltage (MIC29372)

The MIC29372 may programmed for any output voltage be-

tween its 1.235V reference and its 26V maximum rating. An

external pair of resistors is required, as shown in Figure 3.

The complete equation for the output voltage is

VOUT = VREF x { 1 + R1/R2 } – |IFB| R1

where VREF is the nominal 1.235 reference voltage and IFB is

the Adjust pin bias current, nominally 20nA. The minimum rec-

ommended load current of 1µA forces an upper limit of 1.2MΩ

on the value of R2, if the regulator must work with no load (a

condition often found in CMOS in standby), IFB will produce

a –2% typical error in VOUT which may be eliminated at room

temperature by trimming R1. For better accuracy, choosing

R2 = 100k reduces this error to 0.17% while increasing the

resistor program current to 12µA. Since the MIC29372 typically

draws 100µA at no load with SHUTDOWN open-circuited,

this is a negligible addition.

Reducing Output Noise

In reference applications it may be advantageous to reduce

the AC noise present at the output. One method is to reduce

the regulator bandwidth by increasing the size of the output

capacitor. This is relatively inefﬁcient, as increasing the capaci-

tor from 1µF to 220µF only decreases the noise from 430µV

to 160µVRMS for a 100kHz bandwidth at 5V output. Noise can

be reduced by a factor of four with the adjustable regulators

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE

INPUT

VOLTAGE

ERROR NOT

VALID

NOT

VALID

1.3V

4.75V

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

May 2006 9 MIC2937A/29371/29372

Automotive Applications

The MIC2937A is ideally suited for automotive applications

for a variety of reasons. It will operate over a wide range of

input voltages with very low dropout voltages (40mV at light

loads), and very low quiescent currents (100µA typical). These

features are necessary for use in battery powered systems,

such as automobiles. It is a “bulletproof” device with the abil-

ity to survive both reverse battery (negative transients up to

20V below ground), and load dump (positive transients up to

60V) conditions. A wide operating temperature range with low

temperature coefﬁcients is yet another reason to use these

versatile regulators in automotive designs.

Figure 2. MIC2937A-5.0 Fixed +5V Regulator Figure 3. MIC29372 Adjustable Regulator

Typical Applications

Figure 5. MIC29372 5.0V or 3.3V Selectable Regulator with

Shutdown.

Figure 4. MIC29372 Wide Input Voltage Range Current Limiter

*MINIMUM INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGES FROM 40mV TO 400mV,

DEPENDING ON LOAD CURRENT.

SHUTDOWN PIN LOW= ENABLE OUTPUT. Q1 ON = 3.3V, Q1 OFF = 5.0V.

BYPASS

≅1

2 R

• 200 Hz

with a bypass capacitor across R1, since it reduces the high

frequency gain from 4 to unity. Pick

or about 0.01µF. When doing this, the output capacitor must

be increased to 10µF to maintain stability. These changes

reduce the output noise from 430µV to 100µVRMS for a 100

kHz bandwidth at 5V output. With the bypass capacitor added,

noise no longer scales with output voltage so that improve-

ments are more dramatic at higher output voltages.

GND

+VIN

OUT

10µF

OUT = 5V

OUT

GND ADJUST

SHUTDOWN

INPUT

OUT

1.2V 26V

R .01

µF

10µF

1.23V

REF

VOUT = VREF x (1 + )

OFF

OUT

GND ADJUST

VIN

+VIN

VOUT ≈ VIN

SHUTDOWN

GND

OUT

+VIN

ADJUST

SHUTDOWN

INPUT

100pF

2N2222

300k Ω

+5V to +7V

180k Ω

10µF

470 k Ω

OFF

3.3V

220k Ω

VCC OUT

Input Output

0 3.3V

1 5.0V

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 10 May 2006

Package Information

3-Pin TO-263 (U)

3-Pin TO-220 (T)

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

May 2006 11 MIC2937A/29371/29372

θ1

4θ

2θ

1θ

5-Pin TO-263 (U)

5-Pin TO-220 (T)

MIC2937A/29371/29372 Micrel, Inc.

MIC2937A/29371/29372 12 May 2006

MICREL INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA

TEL + 1 (408) 944-0800 FAX + 1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http://www.micrel.com

This information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use.

Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and speciﬁcations at any time without notiﬁcation to the customer.

Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can

reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into

the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a signiﬁcant injury to the user. A Purchaser's

use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify

Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale.