LM48311 LM48311 Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.6W, Mono, Class D Audio Power Amplifierwith E2S Literature Number: SNAS484A March 17, 2010 Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.6W, Mono, Class D Audio Power Amplifier with E2S General Description Key Specifications The LM48311 is a single supply, high efficiency, mono, 2.6W, filterless switching audio amplifier. The LM48311 features National's Enhanced Emissions Suppression (E2S) system, that features a unique patent-pending ultra low EMI, spread spectrum, PWM architecture, that significantly reduces RF emissions while preserving audio quality and efficiency. The E2S system improves battery life, reduces external component count, board area consumption, system cost, and simplifying design. The LM48311 is designed to meet the demands of portable multimedia devices. Operating from a single 5V supply, the device is capable of delivering 2.6W of continuous output power to a 4 load with less than 10% THD+N. Flexible power supply requirements allow operation from 2.4V to 5.5V. The LM48311 features both a spread spectrum modulation scheme, and an advanced, patented edge rate control (ERC) architecture that significantly reduces emissions, while maintaining high quality audio reproduction (THD+N = 0.03%) and high efficiency ( = 88%). The LM48311 features high efficiency compared to conventional Class AB amplifiers, and other low EMI Class D amplifiers. When driving and 8 speaker from a 5V supply, the device operates with 88% efficiency at PO = 1W. The gain of the LM48311 is internally set to 6dB, further reducing external component count. A low power shutdown mode reduces supply current consumption to 0.01A. Advanced output short circuit protection with auto-recovery prevents the device from being damaged during fault conditions. Superior click and pop suppression eliminates audible transients on power-up/down and during shutdown. Efficiency at 3.6V, 400mW into 8 85% (typ) Efficiency at 5V, 1W into 8 88% (typ) Quiescent Power Supply Current at 5V 3.1mA Power Output at VDD = 5V, RL = 4 THD+N 10% THD+N 1% 2.6W (typ) 2.1W (typ) Power Output at VDD = 5V, RL = 8 THD+N 10% THD+N 1% 1.6W (typ) 1.3W (typ) Shutdown current 0.01A (typ) Features Passes FCC Class B Radiated Emissions with 20 inches of cable E2S System Reduces EMI while Preserving Audio Quality and Efficiency Output Short Circuit Protection with Auto-Recovery No output filter required Internally Configured Gain (6dB) Low power shutdown mode Minimum external components "Click and pop" suppression Micro-power shutdown Available in space-saving microSMD package Applications Mobile phones PDAs Laptops Boomer(R) is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation. (c) 2010 National Semiconductor Corporation 300975 www.national.com LM48311 Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.6W, Mono, Class D Audio Power Amplifier with E2S LM48311 LM48311 Typical Application 300975a8 FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit www.national.com 2 LM48311 Connection Diagrams TL Package 1.539mm x 1.565mm x 0.6mm 9-Bump micro SMD Marking 300975a7 Top View X = Date Code T = Die Traceability G = Boomer Family N1 = LM48311TL 300975a3 Top View Order Number LM48311TL See NS Package Number TLA09BCA Ordering Information Order Number Package Package DWG # Transport Media MSL Level Green Status LM48311TL 9 Bump micro SMD TLA09BCA 250 units on tape and reel 1 RoHS & no Sb/Br LM48311TLX 9 Bump micro SMD TLA09BCA 3000 units on tape and reel 1 RoHS & no Sb/Br Pin Descriptions TABLE 1. Bump Description Pin Name Description A1 IN+ Non-Inverting Input A2 SD Active Low Shutdown Input. Connect to VDD for normal operation. A3 OUTA Non-Inverting Output B1 VDD B2 PVDD Power Supply H-Bridge Power Supply B3 PGND Power Ground C1 IN- Inverting Input C2 GND Ground C3 OUTB Inverting Output 3 www.national.com LM48311 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1, Note Junction Temperature Thermal Resistance 2) 70C/W JA Soldering Information See AN-1112 "Micro SMD Wafer Level Chip Scale Package." If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage Storage Temperature Input Voltage Power Dissipation (Note 3) ESD Rating (Note 4) ESD Rating (Note 5) 150C Operating Ratings 6.0V -65C to +150C - 0.3V to VDD +0.3V Internally Limited 2000V 200V (Note 1, Note 2) Temperature Range TMIN TA TMAX Supply Voltage (VDD, PVDD) Electrical Characteristics VDD = PVDD = 5V -40C TA +85C 2.4V VDD 5.5V (Note 2, Note 8) The following specifications apply for AV = 6dB, RL = 8, f = 1kHz, unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA = 25C. LM48311 Symbol Parameter Conditions VDD Supply Voltage Range VIN = 0 IDD Quiescent Power Supply Current VIN = 0, RL = VDD = 3.6V VDD = 5V ISD Shutdown Current Shutdown enabled VOS Differential Output Offset Voltage VIN = 0 VIH Logic Input High Voltage VIL Logic Input Low Voltage CMVR Common Mode Input Voltage Range TWU Wake Up Time fSW Switching Frequency AV Gain RIN Input Resistance RSD Input Resistance (SD) PO Output Power Typ (Note 6) 2.4 -3 Max (Note 7) V 2.7 3.1 3.4 3.9 mA mA 0.01 1.0 A 1 3 mV V 0.4 VDD-0.25 0 7.5 SYNC_IN = VDD (Spread Spectrum) 17 6 V V ms 30030 5 Units (Limits) 5.5 1.4 kHz 7 dB 20 k SD to GND 300 k RL = 4, THD = 10% f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V 2.6 1.3 555 W W mW RL = 8, THD = 10% f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V 1.6 800 354 W mW mW RL = 4, THD = 1% f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V 2.1 1 446 W W mW 1.3 640 286 W (min) mW mW RL = 8, THD = 1% f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW VDD = 5V VDD = 3.6V VDD = 2.5V www.national.com Min (Note 7) 4 1.1 THD+N Parameter Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise Conditions Min (Note 7) Typ (Note 6) Max (Note 7) Units (Limits) PO = 200mW, RL = 8, f = 1kHz 0.03 % PO = 100mW, RL = 8, f = 1kHz 0.03 % 78 76 dB dB VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P Sine, PSRR Power Supply Rejection Ratio (Input Referred) Inputs AC GND, CIN = 1F fRIPPLE = 217Hz fRIPPLE = 1kHz CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio (Input Referred) VRIPPLE = 1VP-P fRIPPLE = 217Hz 86 dB Efficiency VDD = 5V, POUT = 1W VDD = 3.6V, POUT = 400mW 88 85 % % SNR Signal to Noise Ratio PO = 1W 97 dB OS Output Noise (Input Referred) Un-weighted A-weighted 28 22 V V Note 1: "Absolute Maximum Ratings" indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur, including inoperability and degradation of device reliability and/or performance. Functional operation of the device and/or non-degradation at the Absolute Maximum Ratings or other conditions beyond those indicated in the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. The Recommended Operating Conditionsindicate conditions at which the device is functional and the device should not be operated beyond such conditions. All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified. Note 2: The Electrical Characteristics tables list guaranteed specifications under the listed Recommended Operating Conditions except as otherwise modified or specified by the Electrical Characteristics Conditions and/or Notes. Typical specifications are estimations only and are not guaranteed. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, JA, and the ambient temperature, TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX- TA) / JA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. Note 4: Human body model, applicable std. JESD22-A114C. Note 5: Machine model, applicable std. JESD22-A115-A. Note 6: Typical values represent most likely parametric norms at TA = +25C, and at the Recommended Operation Conditions at the time of product characterization and are not guaranteed. Note 7: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by test or statistical analysis. Note 8: RL is a resistive load in series with two inductors to simulate an actual speaker load. For RL = 8, the load is 15H + 8, +15H. For RL = 4, the load is 15H + 4 + 15H. 30097528 FIGURE 2. PSRR Test Circuit 5 www.national.com LM48311 LM48311 Symbol LM48311 30097527 FIGURE 3. CMRR Test Circuit Typical Performance Characteristics For all performance graphs, the Output Gains are set to 0dB, unless otherwise noted. THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 2.5V, PO = 250mW, RL = 4 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, PO = 600mW, RL = 4 30097504 30097505 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 5 .0V, PO = 1.2W, RL = 4 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 2.5V, PO = 175mW, RL = 8 30097506 www.national.com 30097507 6 LM48311 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, PO = 400mW, RL = 8 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, PO = 600mW, RL = 8 30097508 30097509 THD+N vs Frequency VDD = 3.6V, PO = 1.25W, RL = 3 THD+N vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 4 30097501 30097510 THD+N vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 8 THD+N vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 3 30097502 30097503 7 www.national.com LM48311 Efficiency vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 4 Efficiency vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 8 30097511 30097512 Power Dissipation vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 4 Power Dissipation vs Output Power f = 1kHz, RL = 8 30097513 30097514 Output Power vs Supply Voltage f = 1kHz, RL = 4 Output Power vs Supply Voltage f = 1kHz, RL = 8 30097516 30097515 www.national.com 8 PSRR vs Frequency VDD= 5.0V, VRIPPLE = 200mVP-P, RL = 8 30097529 Spread Spectrum Output Spectrum vs Frequency VDD= 5.0V, VIN = 1VRMS, RL = 8 30097517 Wideband Spread Spectrum Output Spectrum vs Frequency VDD= 5.0V, RL = 8 30097519 30097520 Supply Current vs Supply Voltage No Load Shutdown Supply Current vs Supply Voltage No Load 30097521 30097522 9 www.national.com LM48311 CMRR vs Frequency VDD= 5.0V, VRIPPLE = 1VP-P, RL = 8 LM48311 Application Information The Class D output stage acts as current steering switches, consuming negligible amounts of power compared to their Class AB counterparts. Most of the power loss associated with the output stage is due to the IR loss of the MOSFET onresistance, along with switching losses due to gate charge. GENERAL AMPLIFIER FUNCTION The LM48311 mono Class D audio power amplifier features a filterless modulation scheme that reduces external component count, conserving board space and reducing system cost. The outputs of the device transition from VDD to GND with a 300kHz switching frequency. With no signal applied, the outputs (VOUTA and VOUTB) switch with a 50% duty cycle, in phase, causing the two outputs to cancel. This cancellation results in no net voltage across the speaker, thus there is no current to the load in the idle state. With the input signal applied, the duty cycle (pulse width) of the LM48311 outputs changes. For increasing output voltage, the duty cycle of VOUTA increases, while the duty cycle of VOUTB decreases. For decreasing output voltages, the converse occurs. The difference between the two pulse widths yields the differential output voltage. SHUTDOWN FUNCTION The LM48311 features a low current shutdown mode. Set SD = GND to disable the amplifier and reduce supply current to 0.01A. Switch SD between GND and VDD for minimum current consumption is shutdown. The LM48311 may be disabled with shutdown voltages in between GND and VDD, the idle current will be greater than the typical 0.1A value. Increased THD +N may also be observed when a voltage of less than VDD is applied to SD. The LM48311 shutdown input has and internal pulldown resistor. The purpose of this resistor is to eliminate any unwanted state changes when SD is floating. To minimize shutdown current, SD should be driven to GND or left floating. If SD is not driven to GND or floating, an increase in shutdown supply current will be noticed. ENHANCED EMISSIONS SUPPRESSION SYSTEM (E2S) The LM48311 features National's patent-pending E2S system that reduces EMI, while maintaining high quality audio reproduction and efficiency. The E2S system features spread spectrum and advanced edge rate control (ERC). The LM48311 ERC greatly reduces the high frequency components of the output square waves by controlling the output rise and fall times, slowing the transitions to reduce RF emissions, while maximizing THD+N and efficiency performance. The overall result of the E2S system is a filterless Class D amplifier that passes FCC Class B radiated emissions standards with 20in of twisted pair cable, with excellent 0.03% THD+N and high 88% efficiency. AUDIO AMPLIFIER POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING/ FILTERING Proper power supply bypassing is critical for low noise performance and high PSRR. Place the supply bypass capacitors as close to the device as possible. Typical applications employ a voltage regulator with 10F and 0.1F bypass capacitors that increase supply stability. These capacitors do not eliminate the need for bypassing of the LM48311 supply pins. A 1F capacitor is recommended. SPREAD SPECTRUM The spread spectrum modulation reduces the need for output filters, ferrite beads or chokes. The switching frequency varies randomly by 30% about a 300kHz center frequency, reducing the wideband spectral contend, improving EMI emissions radiated by the speaker and associated cables and traces. Where a fixed frequency class D exhibits large amounts of spectral energy at multiples of the switching frequency, the spread spectrum architecture of the LM48311 spreads that energy over a larger bandwidth (See Typical Performance Characteristics). The cycle-to-cycle variation of the switching period does not affect the audio reproduction, efficiency, or PSRR. AUDIO AMPLIFIER INPUT CAPACITOR SELECTION Input capacitors may be required for some applications, or when the audio source is single-ended. Input capacitors block the DC component of the audio signal, eliminating any conflict between the DC component of the audio source and the bias voltage of the LM48311. The input capacitors create a highpass filter with the input resistors RIN. The -3dB point of the high pass filter is found using Equation (1) below. f = 1 / 2RINCIN DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER EXPLANATION As logic supplies continue to shrink, system designers are increasingly turning to differential analog signal handling to preserve signal to noise ratios with restricted voltage signs. The LM48311 features a fully differential speaker amplifier. A differential amplifier amplifies the difference between the two input signals. Traditional audio power amplifiers have typically offered only single-ended inputs resulting in a 6dB reduction of SNR relative to differential inputs. The LM48311 also offers the possibility of DC input coupling which eliminates the input coupling capacitors. A major benefit of the fully differential amplifier is the improved common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over single ended input amplifiers. The increased CMRR of the differential amplifier reduces sensitivity to ground offset related noise injection, especially Where RIN is the value of the input resistor given in the Electrical Characteristics table. The input capacitors can also be used to remove low frequency content from the audio signal. Small speakers cannot reproduce, and may even be damaged by low frequencies. High pass filtering the audio signal helps protect the speakers. When the LM48311 is using a single-ended source, power supply noise on the ground is seen as an input signal. Setting the high-pass filter point above the power supply noise frequencies, 217Hz in a GSM phone, for example, filters out the noise such that it is not amplified and heard on the output. Capacitors with a tolerance of 10% or better are recommended for impedance matching and improved CMRR and PSRR. AUDIO AMPLIFIER GAIN The gain of the LM48311 is internally set to 6dB. The gain can be reduced by adding additional input resistance (Figure 6). In this configuration, the gain of the device is given by: POWER DISSIPATION AND EFFICIENCY The major benefit of a Class D amplifier is increased efficiency versus a Class AB. The efficiency of the LM48311 is attributed to the region of operation of the transistors in the output stage. www.national.com 10 SINGLE-ENDED AUDIO AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATION The LM48311 is compatible with single-ended sources. When configured for single-ended inputs, input capacitors must be used to block and DC component at the input of the device. Figure 5 shows the typical single-ended applications circuit. Where RF is 40k, RIN is 20k, and RINEXT is the value of the additional external resistor. 30097561 FIGURE 4. Reduced Gain Configuration 300975a6 FIGURE 5. Single-Ended Input Configuration PCB LAYOUT GUIDELINES As output power increases, interconnect resistance (PCB traces and wires) between the amplifier, load and power supply create a voltage drop. The voltage loss due to the traces between the LM48311 and the load results in lower output power and decreased efficiency. Higher trace resistance between the supply and the LM48311 has the same effect as a poorly regulated supply, increasing ripple on the supply line, and reducing peak output power. The effects of residual trace resistance increases as output current increases due to higher output power, decreased load impedance or both. To maintain the highest output voltage swing and corresponding peak output power, the PCB traces that connect the output pins to the load and the supply pins to the power supply should be as wide as possible to minimize trace resistance. The use of power and ground planes will give the best THD +N performance. In addition to reducing trace resistance, the use of power planes creates parasitic capacitors that help to filter the power supply line. The inductive nature of the transducer load can also result in overshoot on one of both edges, clamped by the parasitic diodes to GND and VDD in each case. From an EMI standpoint, this is an aggressive waveform that can radiate or conduct to other components in the system and cause interference. In is essential to keep the power and output traces short and well shielded if possible. Use of ground planes beads and micros-strip layout techniques are all useful in preventing unwanted interference. wires or traces acting as antennas become more efficient with length. Ferrite chip inductors places close to the LM48311 outputs may be needed to reduce EMI radiation. 11 www.national.com LM48311 AV = 2 x [RF / (RINEXT + RIN)] LM48311 BUILD OF MATERIALS LM48311TL Demoboard Bill of Materials Designator Quantity C1 1 10F 10% 16V Tantalum Capacitor (B Case) AVX TPSB106K016R0800 Description C2 1 1F 10% 16V X5R Ceramic Capacitor (603) Panasonic ECJ-1VB1C105K C3, C4 2 1F 10% 16V X7R Ceramic Capacitor (1206) Panasonic ECJ-3YB1C105K JU1 1 3-Pin Header LM48311TL 1 LM48311TL (9-Bump microSMD) www.national.com 12 LM48311 LM48311 Demo Board Schematic 30097530 FIGURE 6. LM48311 Demo Board Schematic 13 www.national.com LM48311 Demo Boards 30097525 30097526 FIGURE 8. Top Layer FIGURE 7. Top Silkscreen 30097524 30097523 FIGURE 9. Bottom Silkscreen www.national.com FIGURE 10. Bottom Layer 14 LM48311 Revision History Rev Date 1.0 06/25/09 Initial released. Description 1.01 03/17/10 Text edits (under ENHANCED EMISSIONS....) 15 www.national.com LM48311 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 9 Bump micro SMD Order Number LM48311TL NS Package Number TLA09BCA X1 = 1.539mm X2 = 1.565mm X3 = 0.6mm www.national.com 16 LM48311 Notes 17 www.national.com LM48311 Ultra-Low EMI, Filterless, 2.6W, Mono, Class D Audio Power Amplifier with E2S Notes For more National Semiconductor product information and proven design tools, visit the following Web sites at: www.national.com Products Design Support Amplifiers www.national.com/amplifiers WEBENCH(R) Tools www.national.com/webench Audio www.national.com/audio App Notes www.national.com/appnotes Clock and Timing www.national.com/timing Reference Designs www.national.com/refdesigns Data Converters www.national.com/adc Samples www.national.com/samples Interface www.national.com/interface Eval Boards www.national.com/evalboards LVDS www.national.com/lvds Packaging www.national.com/packaging Power Management www.national.com/power Green Compliance www.national.com/quality/green Switching Regulators www.national.com/switchers Distributors www.national.com/contacts LDOs www.national.com/ldo Quality and Reliability www.national.com/quality LED Lighting www.national.com/led Feedback/Support www.national.com/feedback Voltage References www.national.com/vref Design Made Easy www.national.com/easy www.national.com/powerwise Applications & Markets www.national.com/solutions Mil/Aero www.national.com/milaero PowerWise(R) Solutions Serial Digital Interface (SDI) www.national.com/sdi Temperature Sensors www.national.com/tempsensors SolarMagicTM www.national.com/solarmagic PLL/VCO www.national.com/wireless www.national.com/training PowerWise(R) Design University THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION ("NATIONAL") PRODUCTS. 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