PA12A - Apex Microtechnology

APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com

FEATURES

• LOW THERMAL RESISTANCE — 1.4°C/W

• CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION — NEW

• HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION — PA12H

• EXCELLENT LINEARITY — Class A/B Output

• WIDE SUPPLY RANGE — ±10V to ±50V

• HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT — Up to ±15A Peak

APPLICATIONS

• MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL

• MAGNETIC DEFLECTION CIRCUITS UP TO 10A

• POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO 100kHz

• TEMPERATURE CONTROL UP TO 360W

• PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 90V

• AUDIO AMPLIFIERS UP TO 120W RMS

DESCRIPTION

The PA12 is a state of the art high voltage, very high output

current operational amplifier designed to drive resistive, induc-

tive and capacitive loads. For optimum linearity, especially at

low levels, the output stage is biased for class A/B operation

using a thermistor compensated base-emitter voltage multi-

plier circuit. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed

for all operating conditions by selection of user program-

mable current limiting resistors. For continuous operation

under load, a heatsink of proper rating is recommended.

This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes thick film (cermet)

resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to

maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance.

Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable inter-

connections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3

package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The

use of compressible isolation washers voids the warranty.

EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC

Q2A Q2B

Q6B

Q6A

POWER RATING

Not all vendors use the same method to rate the power

handling capability of a Power Op Amp. APEX rates the

internal dissipation, which is consistent with rating methods

used by transistor manufacturers and gives conservative

results. Rating delivered power is highly application depen-

dent and therefore can be misleading. For example, the 125W

internal dissipation rating of the PA12 could be expressed as

an output rating of 250W for audio (sine wave) or as 440W if

using a single ended DC load. Please note that all vendors rate

maximum power using an infinite heatsink.

THERMAL STABILITY

APEX has eliminated the tendency of class A/B output

stages toward thermal runaway and thus has vastly increased

amplifier reliability. This feature, not found in most other Power

Op Amps, was pioneered by APEX in 1981 using thermistors

which assure a negative temperature coefficient in the quies-

cent current. The reliability benefits of this added circuitry far

outweigh the slight increase in component count.

EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS

CL+

+IN

–IN

–V F.O.

CL–

OUT

TOP VIEW

CL+

CL–

OUTPUT

HTTP://WWW.APEXMICROTECH.COM (800) 546-APEX (800) 546-2739

MICROTECHNOLOGY

POWER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

PA12 • PA12A

APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD • TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 • USA • APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

SPECIFICATIONS

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS2, 5 MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX UNITS

INPUT

OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial TC = 25°C±2±6±1±3mV

OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature Full temperature range ±10 ±65 * ±40 µV/°C

OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply TC = 25°C±30 ±200 * * µV/V

OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. power TC = 25°C±20 * µV/W

BIAS CURRENT, initial TC = 25°C±12 ±30 10 20 nA

BIAS CURRENT, vs. temperature Full temperature range ±50 ±500 * * pA/°C

BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply TC = 25°C±10 * pA/V

OFFSET CURRENT, initial TC = 25°C±12 ±30 ±5±10 nA

OFFSET CURRENT, vs. temperature Full temperature range ±50 * pA/°C

INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC TC = 25°C200*MΩ

INPUT CAPACITANCE TC = 25°C3*pF

COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE3Full temperature range ±VS –5 ±VS –3 * * V

COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC Full temp. range, VCM = ±VS –6V 74 100 * * dB

GAIN

OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz TC = 25°C, 1KΩ load 110 * dB

OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz Full temp. range, 8Ω load 96 108 * * dB

GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT @ 1MHz

TC = 25°C, 8Ω load 4 * MHz

POWER BANDWIDTH TC = 25°C, 8Ω load 13 20 * * kHz

PHASE MARGIN Full temp. range, 8Ω load 20 * °

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE SWING3

= 25°C, PA12 = 10A, PA12A = 15A

±VS –6 * V

VOLTAGE SWING3TC = 25°C, IO = 5A ±VS –5 * V

VOLTAGE SWING3Full temp. range, IO = 80mA ±VS–5 * V

CURRENT, peak TC = 25°C1015A

SETTLING TIME to .1% TC = 25°C, 2V step 2 * µs

SLEW RATE TC = 25°C 2.5 4 * * V/µs

CAPACITIVE LOAD Full temperature range, AV = 1 1.5 * nF

CAPACITIVE LOAD Full temperature range, AV > 10 SOA *

POWER SUPPLY

VOLTAGE Full temperature range ±10 ±40 ±45 * * ±50 V

CURRENT, quiescent TC = 25°C2550**mA

THERMAL

RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case4TC = –55 to +125°C, F > 60Hz .8 .9 * * °C/W

RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case TC = –55 to +125°C 1.25 1.4 * * °C/W

RESISTANCE, junction to air TC = –55 to +125°C30*°C/W

TEMPERATURE RANGE, case Meets full range specification –25 +85 –55 +125 °C

PA12 • PA12A

NOTES: * The specification of PA12A is identical to the specification for PA12 in applicable column to the left.

1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation

to achieve high MTTF.

2. The power supply voltage for all tests is ±40, unless otherwise noted as a test condition.

3. +VS and –VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total VS is measured from +VS to –VS.

4. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz.

5. Full temperature range specifications are guaranteed but not 100% tested.

PA12/PA12A

SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +Vs to –Vs 100V

OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA 15A

POWER DISSIPATION, internal 125W

INPUT VOLTAGE, differential ±VS –3V

INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode ±VS

TEMPERATURE, pin solder -10s 300°C

TEMPERATURE, junction1200°C

TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage –65 to +150°C

OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case –55 to +125°C

PA12A

PA12

The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or

subject to temperatures in excess of 850°C to avoid generating toxic fumes.

CAUTION

APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION • TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 • FAX (520) 888-3329 • ORDERS (520) 690-8601 • EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE

GRAPHS PA12 • PA12A

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

CASE TEMPERATURE, T (°C)

100

POWER DERATING

INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P(W)

–50 0 100

1.9

2.2

BIAS CURRENT

1.3

10 100 10K .1M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE, V (nV/ Hz)

1 100 10M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

–20

120 SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE

OPEN LOOP GAIN, A (dB)

100

1 100 .1M 10M

–210

–150

–60

0PHASE RESPONSE

–90

–30

10K 20K 50K .1M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

4.6

OUTPUT VOLTAGE, V (V )

100 1K 3K .1M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

.003

3HARMONIC DISTORTION

DISTORTION, (%)

.01

40 100

TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, VS (V)

1.6 QUIESCENT CURRENT

NORMALIZED, IQ (X)

1.4

0OUTPUT CURRENT, I O (A)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING

VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY (V)

1 10K

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

COMMON MODE REJECTION

COMMON MODE REJECTION, CMR (dB)

120

.1M10 100 0TIME, t (µs)

PULSE RESPONSE

OUTPUT VOLTAGE, V (V)

–50 –25 50 100

CASE TEMPERATURE, T (°C)

15.0

CURRENT LIMIT

CURRENT LIMIT, I (A)

LIM

12.5

300 10K 30K 1

INPUT NOISE

N√

–25 25 50 75

1.6

140

POWER RESPONSE

30K

50 60 70 80 90

1.2

025 75

5.0

7.5

-8

10 1K 10K .1M 1M

140

120

10 10K 1M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

PHASE, (°) NORMALIZED BIAS CURRENT, I (X)

2.5

10.0

1K 1M

100

2 4 6 8 10 12

-6

-4

-2

70K

6.8

100

.03

1.0

125

1.0

125

17.5

CASE TEMPERATURE, T (°C)

–180

–120

100

2.5

3691215

PA12 PA12A

= .18 ,R

= 0

RCL = .06 ,RFO =

VO = 0

VO = 24V

= 0

= –24V

| +V

| + | –V

| = 100V

| +V

| – | –V

| = 80V

| +V

| + | –V

| = 30V

VIN = ±5V, tr = 100ns

= 100mW

= –25°C

= 4W

AV =10

VS = ±37V

RL = 4

= 120W

= 25°C

= 85°C

= 125°C

–V0

+V0

∞

Ω

SHORT TO ±VSSHORT TO

±VSC, L, OR EMF LOAD COMMON

50V .30A 2.4A

40V .58A 2.9A

35V .87A 3.7A

30V 1.5A 4.1A

25V 2.4A 4.9A

20V 2.9A 6.3A

15V 4.2A 8.0A

These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operat-

ing conditions for a specific application.

CURRENT LIMITING

Refer to Application Note 9, "Current Limiting", for details of both

fixed and foldover current limit operation. Visit the Apex web site

at www.apexmicrotech.com for a copy of the Power Design

spreadsheet (Excel) which plots current limits vs. steady state

SOA. Beware that current limit should be thought of as a +/–20%

function initially and varies about 2:1 over the range of –55°C to

125°C.

For fixed current limit, leave pin 7 open and use equations 1 and 2.

RCL = 0.65/LCL (1)

ICL = 0.65/RCL (2)

Where:

ICL is the current limit in amperes.

RCL is the current limit resistor in ohms.

For certain applications, foldover current limit adds a slope to

the current limit which allows more power to be delivered to the

load without violating the SOA. For maximum foldover slope,

ground pin 7 and use equations 3 and 4.

0.65 + (Vo * 0.014)

ICL = (3)

RCL

0.65 + (Vo * 0.014)

RCL = (4)

ICL

Where:

Vo is the output voltage in volts.

Most designers start with either equation 1 to set RCL for the

desired current at 0v out, or with equation 4 to set RCL at the

maximum output voltage. Equation 3 should then be used to plot

the resulting foldover limits on the SOA graph. If equation 3 results

in a negative current limit, foldover slope must be reduced. This

can happen when the output voltage is the opposite polarity of the

supply conducting the current.

In applications where a reduced foldover slope is desired, this

can be achieved by adding a resistor (RFO) between pin 7 and

ground. Use equations 4 and 5 with this new resistor in the circuit.

0.65 + Vo * 0.14

10.14 + RFO

ICL = (5)

RCL

0.65 + Vo * 0.14

10.14 + RFO

RCL = (6)

ICL

Where:

RFO is in K ohms.

OPERATING

CONSIDERATIONS

PA12 • PA12A

GENERAL

Please read Application Note 1, which covers stability, supplies,

heatsinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and speci-

fication interpretation. Additional information can be found in the

application notes. For information on the package outline, heatsinks,

and mounting hardware, consult the “Accessory and Package

Mechanical Data” section of the handbook.

SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA)

The output stage of most power amplifiers has three distinct

limitations:

1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and

the wire bonds.

2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the

simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage

exceeds specified limits.

3. The junction temperature of the output transistors.

The SOA curves combine the effect of all limits for this Power Op

Amp. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the

output current should be calculated or measured and checked

against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more

complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the

following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts.

1. Capacitive and dynamic* inductive loads up to the following

maximum are safe with the current limits set as specified.

CAPACITIVE LOAD INDUCTIVE LOAD

±VSILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A

50V 200µF 125µF 5mH 2.0mH

40V 500µF 350µF 15mH 3.0mH

35V 2.0mF 850µF 50mH 5.0mH

30V 7.0mF 2.5mF 150mH 10mH

25V 25mF 10mF 500mH 20mH

20V 60mF 20mF 1,000mH 30mH

15V 150mF 60mF 2,500mH 50mH

*If the inductive load is driven near steady state conditions, allowing the output

voltage to drop more than 8V below the supply rail with ILIM = 15A or 25V below

the supply rail with ILIM = 5A while the amplifier is current limiting, the inductor

must be capacitively coupled or the current limit must be lowered to meet SOA

criteria.

2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive load

and short circuits to the supply rail or common if the current

limits are set as follows at TC = 25°C:

5.0

3.0

2.0

1.5

1.0

.310 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70

SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE V –V (V)

OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +V OR –V (A)

t = 1ms

= 85°C

steady state

15 80 100

= 125°C

= 25°C

THERMAL

t = 5ms

t = 0.5ms

SECOND BREAKDOWN

This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specifications are subject to change without notice.