To our customers, Old Company Name in Catalogs and Other Documents On April 1st, 2010, NEC Electronics Corporation merged with Renesas Technology Corporation, and Renesas Electronics Corporation took over all the business of both companies. Therefore, although the old company name remains in this document, it is a valid Renesas Electronics document. We appreciate your understanding. Renesas Electronics website: http://www.renesas.com April 1st, 2010 Renesas Electronics Corporation Issued by: Renesas Electronics Corporation (http://www.renesas.com) Send any inquiries to http://www.renesas.com/inquiry. Notice 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. All information included in this document is current as of the date this document is issued. Such information, however, is subject to change without any prior notice. Before purchasing or using any Renesas Electronics products listed herein, please confirm the latest product information with a Renesas Electronics sales office. Also, please pay regular and careful attention to additional and different information to be disclosed by Renesas Electronics such as that disclosed through our website. Renesas Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights, or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of Renesas Electronics products or technical information described in this document. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted hereby under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others. You should not alter, modify, copy, or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product, whether in whole or in part. Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples. You are fully responsible for the incorporation of these circuits, software, and information in the design of your equipment. Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software, or information. When exporting the products or technology described in this document, you should comply with the applicable export control laws and regulations and follow the procedures required by such laws and regulations. You should not use Renesas Electronics products or the technology described in this document for any purpose relating to military applications or use by the military, including but not limited to the development of weapons of mass destruction. Renesas Electronics products and technology may not be used for or incorporated into any products or systems whose manufacture, use, or sale is prohibited under any applicable domestic or foreign laws or regulations. Renesas Electronics has used reasonable care in preparing the information included in this document, but Renesas Electronics does not warrant that such information is error free. Renesas Electronics assumes no liability whatsoever for any damages incurred by you resulting from errors in or omissions from the information included herein. Renesas Electronics products are classified according to the following three quality grades: "Standard", "High Quality", and "Specific". The recommended applications for each Renesas Electronics product depends on the product's quality grade, as indicated below. You must check the quality grade of each Renesas Electronics product before using it in a particular application. You may not use any Renesas Electronics product for any application categorized as "Specific" without the prior written consent of Renesas Electronics. Further, you may not use any Renesas Electronics product for any application for which it is not intended without the prior written consent of Renesas Electronics. Renesas Electronics shall not be in any way liable for any damages or losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of any Renesas Electronics product for an application categorized as "Specific" or for which the product is not intended where you have failed to obtain the prior written consent of Renesas Electronics. The quality grade of each Renesas Electronics product is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in a Renesas Electronics data sheets or data books, etc. Computers; office equipment; communications equipment; test and measurement equipment; audio and visual equipment; home electronic appliances; machine tools; personal electronic equipment; and industrial robots. "High Quality": Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.); traffic control systems; anti-disaster systems; anticrime systems; safety equipment; and medical equipment not specifically designed for life support. "Specific": Aircraft; aerospace equipment; submersible repeaters; nuclear reactor control systems; medical equipment or systems for life support (e.g. artificial life support devices or systems), surgical implantations, or healthcare intervention (e.g. excision, etc.), and any other applications or purposes that pose a direct threat to human life. You should use the Renesas Electronics products described in this document within the range specified by Renesas Electronics, especially with respect to the maximum rating, operating supply voltage range, movement power voltage range, heat radiation characteristics, installation and other product characteristics. Renesas Electronics shall have no liability for malfunctions or damages arising out of the use of Renesas Electronics products beyond such specified ranges. Although Renesas Electronics endeavors to improve the quality and reliability of its products, semiconductor products have specific characteristics such as the occurrence of failure at a certain rate and malfunctions under certain use conditions. Further, Renesas Electronics products are not subject to radiation resistance design. Please be sure to implement safety measures to guard them against the possibility of physical injury, and injury or damage caused by fire in the event of the failure of a Renesas Electronics product, such as safety design for hardware and software including but not limited to redundancy, fire control and malfunction prevention, appropriate treatment for aging degradation or any other appropriate measures. Because the evaluation of microcomputer software alone is very difficult, please evaluate the safety of the final products or system manufactured by you. Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office for details as to environmental matters such as the environmental compatibility of each Renesas Electronics product. Please use Renesas Electronics products in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of controlled substances, including without limitation, the EU RoHS Directive. Renesas Electronics assumes no liability for damages or losses occurring as a result of your noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations. This document may not be reproduced or duplicated, in any form, in whole or in part, without prior written consent of Renesas Electronics. Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office if you have any questions regarding the information contained in this document or Renesas Electronics products, or if you have any other inquiries. "Standard": 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. (Note 1) "Renesas Electronics" as used in this document means Renesas Electronics Corporation and also includes its majorityowned subsidiaries. (Note 2) "Renesas Electronics product(s)" means any product developed or manufactured by or for Renesas Electronics. DATA SHEET BIPOLAR ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT PC2400A Series THREE TERMINAL LOW DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATOR DESCRIPTION PC2400A Series are low dropout regulators which have 1 A capable for the output current. These ICs are built-in the saturation protection circuit of the output transistor. FEATURES CONNECTION DIAGRAM * Built-in the saturation protection circuit of the output transistor. (TOP VIEW) * The capability of output current is 1 A * High accuracy of output voltage. | VO | 2 % (TJ = 25 C) | VO | 3 % (0 C TJ 125 C) * Low dropout voltage. 1 VDIF 1 V (IO 1 A, TJ 125 C) 2 3 * Built-in overcurrent protection circuit, thermal shut-down circuit. * Built-in Safe Operating Area protection circuit. * Compatible for PC2400 Series. 1: INPUT 2: GND 3: OUTPUT ORDERING INFORMATION Output Voltage Type Number Package PC2405AHF MP-45G 6V PC2406AHF (Isolated TO-220) 7V PC2407AHF 8V PC2408AHF 9V PC2409AHF 10 V PC2410AHF 12 V PC2412AHF 15 V PC2415AHF 18 V PC2418AHF 5V Document No. G10352EJ2V0DS00 (2nd edition) Date Published December 1995 P Printed in Japan (c) 1995 2 - Drive circuit + Error amplifier Saturation protection Over-current protection Reference voltage Thermal shut down Start-up circuit PC2400A Series BLOCK DIAGRAM INPUT Safe operating area protection OUTPUT GND PC2400A Series ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (TA = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified.) PARAMETER SYMBOL RATING Input Voltage VIN Internal Power Dissipation PT(TC = 25 C) Operating Ambient Temperature Range UNIT 36 V 15 Note W TA -20 to +85 C Operating Junction Temperature Range TJ -20 to +150 C Storage Temperature Range Tstg -55 to +150 C Thermal Resistance (Junction to Case) Rth(J - C) 5.0 C/W Thermal Resistance (Junction to Ambient) Rth(J - A) 65 C/W Note Internally limited TYPICAL CONNECTION D1 PC2400A INPUT OUTPUT + COUT CIN CIN D2 : 0.1 to 0.47 F. COUT : More than 47 F. D1 : Need for VO > VIN. D2 : Need for VO < GND. RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS PARAMETER Input Voltage SYMBOL VIN TYPE NUMBER MIN. TYP. MAX. PC2405AHF 6 9 20 PC2406AHF 7 10 21 PC2407AHF 8 11 22 PC2408AHF 9 13 23 PC2409AHF 10 14 24 PC2410AHF 11 15 25 PC2412AHF 13 18 27 PC2415AHF 16 22 27 PC2418AHF 19 25 28 UNIT V Output Current IO All 0 1 A Operating Ambient Temperature Range TA All -20 +85 C Operating Junction Temperature Range TJ All -20 +125 C 3 PC2400A Series ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PC2405A (VIN = 9 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 4.9 5.0 5.1 UNIT TEST CONDITIONS V 4.85 5.15 6 V VIN 20 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 4.85 5.15 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 6 50 mV 6.5 V VIN 20 V Load Regulation REGL 3 50 mV 5 mA IO 1 A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.3 3.2 mA IO = 0 9 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 1.2 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 1.65 VIN = 4.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 6.5 V VIN 20 V, IO = 1 A 90 Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz 64 dB f = 120 Hz, 6.5 V VIN 16.5 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 20 V 20 59 VIN = 4.5 V, IO = 0 mA 2.2 1.0 3.1 -0.4 A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2406A (VIN = 10 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 5.88 6.0 6.12 UNIT V 5.82 6.18 7 V VIN 21 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 5.82 6.18 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 7 60 mV 7.5 V VIN 21 V Load Regulation REGL 4 60 mV 5 mA IO 1A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.3 3.2 mA IO = 0 9 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 4 TEST CONDITIONS Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 1.2 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 110 58 1.65 63 2.2 0.4 1.0 3.1 VIN = 5.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 5.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 7.5 V VIN 21 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 7.5 V VIN 17.5 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 21 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2400A Series PC2407A (VIN = 11 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 6.86 7.0 7.14 UNIT TEST CONDITIONS V 6.79 7.21 8 V VIN 22 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 6.79 7.21 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 8 70 mV 8.5 V VIN 22 V Load Regulation REGL 4 70 mV 5 mA IO 1 A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.3 3.2 mA IO = 0 9 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 1.2 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 130 57 1.65 62 2.2 1.0 3.1 0.4 VIN = 6.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 6.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 8.5 V VIN 22 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 8.5 V VIN 18.5 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 22 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2408A (VIN = 13 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 7.85 8.0 8.15 UNIT TEST CONDITIONS V 7.75 8.25 9 V VIN 23 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 7.75 8.25 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 9 80 mV 9.5 V VIN 23 V Load Regulation REGL 5 80 mV 5 mA IO 1 A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.3 3.2 mA IO = 0 9 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 1.2 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 150 56 1.6 61 2.2 0.5 1.0 3.05 VIN = 7.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 7.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 9.5 V VIN 23 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 9.5 V VIN 19.5 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 23 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 5 PC2400A Series PC2409A (VIN = 14 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 8.82 9.0 9.18 UNIT TEST CONDITIONS V 8.73 9.27 10 V VIN 24 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 8.73 9.27 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 11 90 mV 10.5 V VIN 24 V Load Regulation REGL 5 90 mV 5 mA IO 1 A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.4 3.2 mA IO = 0 9 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 1.0 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 170 55 1.6 60 2.2 1.0 3.05 0.9 VIN = 8.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 8.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 10.5 V VIN 24 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 10.5 V VIN 20.5 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 24 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2410A (VIN = 15 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 9.8 10 10.2 UNIT V 9.7 10.3 11 V VIN 25 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 9.7 10.3 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 12 100 mV 11.5 V VIN 25 V Load Regulation REGL 6 100 mV 5 mA IO 1A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.4 3.2 mA IO = 0 9 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 6 TEST CONDITIONS Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 1.0 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 190 54 1.6 59 2.2 0.8 1.0 3.05 VIN = 9.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 9.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 11.5 V VIN 25 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 11.5 V VIN 21.5 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 25 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2400A Series PC2412A (VIN = 18 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 11.75 12 12.25 UNIT TEST CONDITIONS V 11.65 12.35 13 V VIN 27 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 11.65 12.35 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 14 120 mV 14 V VIN 27 V Load Regulation REGL 7 120 mV 5 mA IO 1 A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.4 3.2 mA IO = 0 10 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 0.8 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 230 53 1.58 58 2.2 1.0 3.03 0.8 VIN = 11.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 11.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 14 V VIN 27 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 14 V VIN 24 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 27 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2415A (VIN = 22 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 14.7 15 15.3 UNIT TEST CONDITIONS V 14.55 15.45 16 V VIN 27 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 14.55 15.45 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 18 150 mV 17 V VIN 27 V Load Regulation REGL 9 150 mV 5 mA IO 1A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.5 3.2 mA IO = 0 10 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 0.8 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 290 51 1.55 56 2.2 1.6 1.0 3.0 VIN = 14.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 14.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 17 V VIN 27 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 17 V VIN 27 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 27 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 7 PC2400A Series PC2418A (VIN = 25 V, IO = 500 mA, TJ = 25 C, Unless otherwise specified) PARAMETER Output Voltage SYMBOL VO MIN. TYP. MAX. 17.64 18 18.36 UNIT V 17.46 18.54 19 V VIN 28 V, 5 mA IO 500 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C 17.46 18.54 5 mA IO 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C Line Regulation REGIN 22 180 mV 20 V VIN 28 V Load Regulation REGL 11 180 mV 5 mA IO 1 A Quiescent Current IBIAS 2.5 3.2 mA IO = 0 10 60 Start-up Current IBIAS(S) 15 IO = 1 A mA 75 8 TEST CONDITIONS Quiescent Current Change IBIAS Output Noise Voltage Vn Ripple Rejection R*R Dropout Voltage VDIF 0.5 Short Circuit Current IOshort 0.8 Peak Output Current IOpeak Temperature Coefficient of Output Voltage VO/T 20 350 49 1.55 54 2.2 2.5 1.0 3.0 VIN = 17.5 V, IO = 0 mA VIN = 17.5 V, IO = 1 A mA 20 V VIN 28 V, IO = 1 A Vrms 10 Hz f 100 kHz dB f = 120 Hz, 20 V VIN 28 V V IO = 1 A, 0 C TJ 125 C A VIN = 28 V A mV/C IO = 5 mA, 0 C TJ 125 C PC2400A Series TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS Pd - TA VO - TJ ( PC2405A) 15 VO - Output Voltage Deviation - mV 100 ith W Inf t ini 10 Wit ea eH h1 0 C /W nk tsi Pd - Power Dissipation - W 20 He ats ink 5 1.92 Without H eatsink 0 50 25 85 C 75 100 125 VIN = 9 V ID = 5 mA 50 0 -50 -100 150 TA - Ambient Temperature - C VO - VIN (PC2405A) 0 50 100 TJ - Junction Temperature - C 150 IBIAS (IBIAS(S)) - VIN (PC2405A) 8 20 TJ = 25 C TJ = 25 C IBIAS - Quiescent Current - mA VO - Output Voltage - V 7 6 5 4 VO = 0 mA 500 mA 1A 3 2 10 IO = 1 A 500 mA 0 mA 1 0 1 2 4 3 5 6 7 0 8 VIN - Input Voltage - V 2 4 6 VDIF - TJ IOpeak - (VIN - VO) 3 TJ IOpeak -Peak Output Current - A IO = 1 A VDIF -Dropout Voltage - V 10 VIN - Input Voltage - V 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 8 0 50 100 TJ - Junction Temperature - C 150 =- 20 2 25 125 1 0 C C C 10 20 (VIN - VO) - Input Output Differential - V 9 PC2400A Series TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS R * R - f (PC2405A) TJ = 25 C VO = -2 % 0.8 VDIF - Dropout Voltage - V 40 20 101 102 103 104 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 f - Frequency - Hz IO - Output Current - A LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE (PC2405A) LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE (PC2405A) TJ = 25 C IO = 0.5 A CIN = 0.33 F COUT = 47 F 20 15 10 +0.2 0 -0.2 0 0.6 105 20 40 t - Time - s 60 80 VO - Output Voltage Deviation - V VIN - Input Voltage - V VO - Output Voltage Deviation - V TJ = 25 C IO = 500 mA 60 0 10 VDIF - IO 1 IO - Output Current - A R * R - Ripple Rejection - dB 80 TJ = 25 C VIN = 9 V CIN = 0.33 F COUT = 47 F 1.0 0.5 0 +0.1 0 -0.1 0 20 40 t - Time - s 60 80 PC2400A Series PACKAGE DIMENSIONS (Unit: mm) PC2400AHF Series 3PIN PLASTIC SIP (MP-45G) 11 PC2400A Series RECOMMENDED SOLDERING CONDITIONS The following conditions (see table below) must be met when soldering this product. Please consult with our sales offices in case other soldering process is used, or in case soldering is done under different conditions. TYPES OF THROUGH HOLE MOUNT DEVICE PC2400AHF Series Soldering Process Wave soldering Soldering Conditions Symbol Solder temperature: 260 C or below. Flow Time: 10 seconds or below. REFERENCE Document Name Document No. NEC semiconductor device reliability/quality control system. IEI-1212 Quality grade on NEC semiconductor devices. IEI-1209 Semiconductor device mounting technology manual. IEI-1207 Semiconductor device package manual. IEI-1213 Guide to quality assurance for semiconductor devices. MEI-1202 Semiconductor selection guide. MF-1134 12 PC2400A Series [MEMO] 13 PC2400A Series No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of NEC Corporation. NEC Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document. NEC Corporation does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from use of a device described herein or any other liability arising from use of such device. No license, either express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC Corporation or others. While NEC Corporation has been making continuous effort to enhance the reliability of its semiconductor devices, the possibility of defects cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage or injury to persons or property arising from a defect in an NEC semiconductor device, customer must incorporate sufficient safety measures in its design, such as redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features. NEC devices are classified into the following three quality grades: "Standard", "Special", and "Specific". The Specific quality grade applies only to devices developed based on a customer designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. The recommended applications of a device depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. Customers must check the quality grade of each device before using it in a particular application. Standard: Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audio and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment and industrial robots Special: Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed for life support) Specific: Aircrafts, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life support systems or medical equipment for life support, etc. The quality grade of NEC devices in "Standard" unless otherwise specified in NEC's Data Sheets or Data Books. If customers intend to use NEC devices for applications other than those specified for Standard quality grade, they should contact NEC Sales Representative in advance. Anti-radioactive design is not implemented in this product. M4 94.11