PRODUCT SPECIFICATION Single chip 433/868/915 MHz Transceiver nRF905 FEATURES APPLICATIONS * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * True single chip GFSK transceiver in a small 32-pin package (32L QFN 5x5mm) ShockBurstTM mode for low power operation Power supply range 1.9 to 3.6 V Multi channel operation - ETSI/FCC Compatible Channel switching time <650s Extremely low cost Bill of Material (BOM) No external SAW filter Adjustable output power up to 10dBm Carrier detect for "listen before transmit" protocols Data Ready signal when a valid data packet is received or transmitted Address Match for detection of incoming packet Automatic retransmission of data packet Automatic CRC and preamble generation Low supply current (TX), typical 9mA @ -10dBm output power Low supply current (RX), typical 12.5mA Wireless data communication Alarm and security systems Home Automation Remote control Surveillance Automotive Telemetry Industrial sensors Keyless entry Toys GENERAL DESCRIPTION nRF905 is a single-chip radio transceiver for the 433/868/915 MHz ISM band. The transceiver consists of a fully integrated frequency synthesiser, receiver chain with demodulator, a power amplifier, a crystal oscillator and a modulator. The ShockBurstTM feature automatically handles preamble and CRC. Configuration is easily programmable by use of the SPI interface. Current consumption is very low, in transmit only 9mA at an output power of -10dBm, and in receive mode 12.5mA. Built in power down modes makes power saving easily realizable. QUICK REFERENCE DATA Parameter Minimum supply voltage Maximum transmit output power Data rate Supply current in transmit @ -10dBm output power Supply current in receive mode Temperature range Typical Sensitivity Supply current in power down mode Value 1.9 10 50 9 12.5 -40 to +85 -100 2.5 Unit V dBm kbps mA mA C dBm Table 1 nRF905 quick reference data. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 1 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver ORDERING INFORMATION Type Number nRF905 IC nRF905-EVKIT 433 nRF905-EVKIT 868/915 Description 32L QFN 5x5mm Evaluation kit 433MHz Evaluation kit 868/915MHz Version 1.0 1.0 Table 2 nRF905 ordering information. BLOCK DIAGRAM DVDD_1V2 (31) VDD (25) VDD (4) VDD (17) VSS (30) VSS (29) VSS (28) VSS (27) VSS (26) VSS (24) VSS (22) VSS (18) VSS (9) VSS (16) VSS (5) XC1 (14) MISO (10) SCK (12) CSN (13) TRX_CE (1) PWR_UP (2) TX_EN (32) SPI interface TX - addr. TX - reg. RX - reg. Config-reg. CD (6) DR (8) Crystal oscillator LNA Demod CRC code/ decode Address decode Frequency Synthesiser VDD_PA (19) ANT1 (20) PA uPCLK (3) XC2 (15) ShockBurst Dataslicer AM (7) Voltage regulators IF BBF MOSI (11) GFSK filter Manchester encoder/ decoder ANT2 (21) IREF (23) Figure 1 nRF905 with external components. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 2 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 Pin Functions .................................................................................................................... 4 Pin Assignment................................................................................................................. 5 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................... 6 Current Consumption........................................................................................................ 8 Modes of Operation .......................................................................................................... 9 5.1 Active Modes ........................................................................................................... 9 5.2 Power Saving Modes ............................................................................................... 9 5.3 nRF ShockBurstTM Mode......................................................................................... 9 5.4 Typical ShockBurstTM TX...................................................................................... 10 5.5 Typical ShockBurstTM RX ..................................................................................... 12 5.6 Power Down Mode ................................................................................................ 14 5.7 Standby Mode ........................................................................................................ 14 6 Device Configuration...................................................................................................... 15 6.1 SPI Register Configuration .................................................................................... 15 6.2 SPI Instruction Set ................................................................................................. 16 6.3 SPI Timing ............................................................................................................. 17 6.4 RF - Configuration Register Description .............................................................. 19 6.5 Register Contents ................................................................................................... 20 7 Important Timing Data ................................................................................................... 21 7.1 Device Switching Times ........................................................................................ 21 7.2 ShockBurstTM TX timing ....................................................................................... 21 7.3 ShockBurstTM RX timing ..................................................................................... 22 7.4 Preamble ................................................................................................................ 22 7.5 Time On Air ........................................................................................................... 23 8 Peripheral RF Information .............................................................................................. 24 8.1 Crystal Specification .............................................................................................. 24 8.2 External Clock Reference ...................................................................................... 24 8.3 Microprocessor Output Clock ................................................................................ 24 8.4 Antenna Output ...................................................................................................... 25 8.5 Output Power Adjustment...................................................................................... 25 8.6 Modulation ............................................................................................................. 25 8.7 Output Frequency................................................................................................... 26 8.8 PCB Layout and Decoupling Guidelines ............................................................... 27 9 nRF905 features.............................................................................................................. 28 9.1 Carrier Detect......................................................................................................... 28 9.2 Address Match ....................................................................................................... 28 9.3 Data Ready............................................................................................................. 28 9.4 Auto Retransmit ..................................................................................................... 29 9.5 RX Reduced Power Mode...................................................................................... 29 10 Package Outline.......................................................................................................... 30 10.1 Package marking .................................................................................................... 31 11 Application Examples ................................................................................................ 32 11.1 Differential Connection to a Loop Antenna........................................................... 32 11.2 PCB Layout Example; Differential Connection to a Loop Antenna...................... 33 11.3 Single ended connection to 50 antenna............................................................... 34 11.4 PCB Layout Example; Single Ended Connection to 50 Antenna ....................... 36 12 Absolute Maximum Ratings....................................................................................... 38 13 Glossary of Terms ...................................................................................................... 39 14 Definitions .................................................................................................................. 40 Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 3 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 1 Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 PIN FUNCTIONS Name TRX_CE PWR_UP uPCLK VDD VSS CD AM DR VSS MISO MOSI SCK CSN XC1 XC2 VSS VDD VSS VDD_PA ANT1 ANT2 VSS IREF VSS VDD VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS DVDD_1V2 TX_EN Pin function Digital input Digital input Clock output Power Power Digital output Digital output Digital output Power SPI - interface SPI - interface SPI - Clock SPI - enable Analog Input Analog Output Power Power Power Power output RF RF Power Analog Input Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Power Digital input Description Enables chip for receive and transmit Power up chip Output clock, divided crystal oscillator full-swing clock Power supply (+3V DC) Ground (0V) Carrier Detect Address Match Receive and transmit Data Ready Ground (0V) SPI output SPI input SPI clock SPI enable, active low Crystal pin 1/ External clock reference pin Crystal pin 2 Ground (0V) Power supply (+3V DC) Ground Positive supply (1.8V) to nRF905 power amplifier Antenna interface 1 Antenna interface 2 Ground (0V) Reference current Ground (0V) Power supply (+3V DC) Ground (0V) Ground (0V) Ground (0V) Ground (0V) Ground (0V) Low voltage positive digital supply output for de-coupling TX_EN="1"TX mode, TX_EN="0"RX mode Table 3 nRF905 pin function. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 4 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 2 PIN ASSIGNMENT Figure 2 nRF905 pin assignment (top view) for a 32L QFN 5x5 package. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 5 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 3 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS Conditions: VDD = +3V VSS = 0V, TEMP = -40C to +85C (typical +27C) Symbol Parameter (condition) Notes Min. Typ. Max. Units 1.9 -40 3.6 85 V C 0.7*VDD VSS VDD 0.3*VDD 5 10 VDD 0.3 V V pF nA V V Operating conditions VDD TEMP Supply voltage Operating temperature Digital input/output VIH VIL Ci IiL VOH VOL HIGH level input voltage LOW level input voltage Pin capacitance Pin leakage current HIGH level output voltage (IOH=-0.5mA) LOW level output voltage (IOL=0.5mA) 1) VDD-0.3 VSS General electrical specification Istby_eclk Istby_dclk IPD ISPI Supply current in standby, uCLK enabled Supply current in standby, uCLK disabled Supply current in power down mode Supply current in SPI programming 2) 3) 4) 5) A A A A 100 12.5 2.5 20 General RF conditions fOP fCH868/915 Operating frequency Crystal frequency Frequency deviation Data rate Channel spacing for 433MHz band Channel spacing for 868/915MHz band PRF10 PRF6 PRF-2 PRF-10 PBW_-16 PBW_-24 PBW_-32 PBW_-36 PRF1 PRF2 ITX10dBm ITX-10dBm Output power 10dBm setting Output power 6dBm setting Output power -2dBm setting Output power -10dBm setting -16dBc bandwidth for modulated carrier -24dBc bandwidth for modulated carrier -32dBc bandwidth for modulated carrier -36dBc bandwidth for modulated carrier 1st adjacent channel transmit power 2nd adjacent channel transmit power Supply current @ 10dBm output power Supply current @ -10dBm output power IRX RXSENS RXMAX C/ICO C/I1ST C/I2ND C/I+1M C/I-1M C/I-2M C/I+5M C/I-5M C/I+10M C/I-10M C/IIM Supply current in receive mode Sensitivity at 0.1%BER Maximum received signal C/I Co-channel 1st adjacent channel selectivity C/I 200kHz 2nd adjacent channel selectivity C/I 400kHz Blocking at +1MHz Blocking at -1MHz Blocking at -2MHz Blocking at +5MHz Blocking at -5MHz Blocking at +10MHz Blocking at -10MHz Image rejection fXTAL f BR fCH433 6) 7) 430 4 42 50 50 100 200 8) 928 20 58 MHz MHz kHz kbps kHz kHz 11 9 2 -6 dBm dBm dBm dBm kHz kHz kHz kHz dBc dBc mA mA Transmitter operation 9) 9) 9) 9) 8) 8) 8) 8) 10) 10) 7 3 -6 -14 10 6 -2 -10 173 222 238 313 -27 -54 30 9 Receiver operation 12.5 -100 0 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 11) 13 -7 -16 -40 -50 -63 -70 -65 -69 -67 -36 mA dBm dBm dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB dB Table 4 nRF905 electrical specifications. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 6 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 1) Max value determined by design and characterization testing. 2) Output frequency is 4MHz load of external clock pin is 5pF, Crystal is 4MHz. 3) Crystal is 4MHz. 4) Pin voltages are VSS or VDD. 5) Chip in power down, SPI_SCK frequency is 1MHz. 6) Operates in the 433, 868 and 915 MHz ISM band. 7) The crystal frequency may be chosen from 5 different values (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20MHz) 8) Data is Manchester-encoded before GFSK modulation. 9) Optimum load impedance, please see peripheral RF information. 10) Channel width and channel spacing is 200kHz. 11) Channel Level +3dB over sensitivity, interfering signal a standard CW, image lies 2MHz above wanted. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 7 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 4 CURRENT CONSUMPTION MODE CRYSTAL FREQ. [MHZ] OUTPUT TYPICAL CLOCK CURRENT FREQ. [MHZ] Power Down 16 OFF 2.5 uA Standby 4 OFF 12 uA Standby 8 OFF 25 uA Standby 12 OFF 27 uA Standby 16 OFF 32 uA Standby 20 OFF 46 uA Standby 4 0.5 110 uA Standby 8 0.5 125 uA Standby 12 0.5 130 uA Standby 16 0.5 135 uA Standby 20 0.5 150 uA Standby 4 1 130 uA Standby 8 1 145 uA Standby 12 1 150 uA Standby 16 1 155 uA Standby 20 1 170 uA Standby 4 2 170 uA Standby 8 2 185 uA Standby 12 2 190 uA Standby 16 2 195 uA Standby 20 2 210 uA Standby 4 4 260 uA Standby 8 4 275 uA Standby 12 4 280 uA Standby 16 4 285 uA Standby 20 4 300 uA Rx @ 433 16 OFF 12.2 mA Rx @ 868/915 16 OFF 12.8 mA Reduced Rx 16 OFF 10.5 mA Tx @ 10dBm 16 OFF 30 mA Tx @ 6dBm 16 OFF 20 mA Tx @ -2dBm 16 OFF 14 mA Tx @ -10dBm 16 OFF 9 mA Conditions: VDD = 3.0V, VSS = 0V, TA = 27C, Load capacitance of external clock = 13pF, Crystal load capacitance = 12pF Table 5 nRF905 current consumption. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 8 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 5 MODES OF OPERATION The nRF905 has two active (RX/TX) modes and two power-saving modes 5.1 Active Modes * ShockBurstTM RX * ShockBurstTM TX 5.2 Power Saving Modes * Power down and SPI - programming * Standby and SPI - programming The nRF905 mode is decided by the settings of TRX_CE, TX_EN and PWR_UP. PWR_UP 0 1 1 1 1 TRX_CE X 0 X 1 1 TX_EN X X 0 0 1 Operating Mode Power down and SPI - programming Standby and SPI - programming Read data from RX register Radio Enabled - ShockBurstTM RX Radio Enabled - ShockBurstTM TX Table 6 nRF905 operational modes. 5.3 nRF ShockBurstTM Mode The nRF905 uses the Nordic Semiconductor ASA ShockBurstTM feature. ShockBurstTM makes it possible to use the high data rate offered by the nRF905 without the need of a costly, high-speed micro controller (MCU) for data processing/clock recovery. By placing all high speed signal processing related to RF protocol on-chip, the nRF905 offers the application micro controller a simple SPI interface, the data rate is decided by the interface-speed the micro controller itself sets up. By allowing the digital part of the application to run at low speed, while maximizing the data rate on the RF link, the nRF905 ShockBurstTM mode reduces the average current consumption in applications. In ShockBurstTM RX, Address Match (AM) and Data Ready (DR) notifies the MCU when a valid address and payload is received respectively. In ShockBurstTM TX, the nRF905 automatically generates preamble and CRC. Data Ready (DR) notifies the MCU that the transmission is completed. All together, this means reduced memory demand in the MCU resulting in a low cost MCU, as well as reduced software development time. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 9 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 5.4 Typical ShockBurstTM TX 1. When the application MCU has data for a remote node, the address of the receiving node (TX-address) and payload data (TX-payload) are clocked into nRF905 via the SPI interface. The application protocol or MCU sets the speed of the interface. 2. MCU sets TRX_CE and TX_EN high, this activates a nRF905 ShockBurstTM transmission. 3. nRF905 ShockBurstTM: * Radio is automatically powered up. * Data packet is completed (preamble added, CRC calculated). * Data packet is transmitted (100kbps, GFSK, Manchester-encoded). * Data Ready is set high when transmission is completed. 4. If AUTO_RETRAN is set high, the nRF905 continuously retransmits the packet until TRX_CE is set low. 5. When TRX_CE is set low, the nRF905 finishes transmitting the outgoing packet and then sets itself into standby mode. If TX_EN is set low while TRX_CE is kept high, the nRF905 finishes transmitting the outgoing packet and then enter RX-mode in the channel already programmed in the RF-CONFIG register. The ShockBurstTM mode ensures that a transmitted packet that has started always finishes regardless of what TRX_EN and TX_EN is set to during transmission. The new mode is activated when the transmission is completed. Please see subsequent chapters for detailed timing For test purposes such as antenna tuning and measuring output power it is possible to set the transmitter so that a constant carrier is produced. To do this TRX_CE must be maintained high instead of being pulsed. In addition Auto Retransmit should be switched off. After the burst of data has been sent then the device will continue to send the unmodulated carrier. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 10 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver Radio in Standby TX_EN = HI PWR_UP = HI TRX_CE = LO Data Package SPI - programming uController loading ADDR and PAYLOAD data (Configuration register if changes since last TX/RX) TRX_CE = HI ? ADDR PAYLOAD NO YES Transmitter is powered up nRF ShockBurst TX Generate CRC and preamble Sending package DR is set high when completed DR is set low after preamble Preamble ADDR PAYLOAD CRC NO NO TRX_CE = HI ? AUTO_ RETRAN = HI ? YES Bit in configuration register YES Figure 3 Flowchart ShockBurstTM transmit of nRF905. NB: DR is set low under the following conditions after it has been set high: * If TX_EN is set low * If PWR_UP is set low Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 11 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 5.5 Typical ShockBurstTM RX 1. ShockBurstTM RX is selected by setting TRX_CE high and TX_EN low. 2. After 650s nRF905 is monitoring the air for incoming communication. 3. When the nRF905 senses a carrier at the receiving frequency, Carrier Detect (CD) pin is set high. 4. When a valid address is received, Address Match (AM) pin is set high. 5. When a valid packet has been received (correct CRC found), nRF905 removes the preamble, address and CRC bits, and the Data Ready (DR) pin is set high. 6. MCU sets the TRX_CE low to enter standby mode (low current mode). 7. MCU can clock out the payload data at a suitable rate via the SPI interface. 8. When all payload data is retrieved, nRF905 sets Data Ready (DR) and Address Match (AM) low again. 9. The chip is now ready for entering ShockBurstTM RX, ShockBurstTM TX or power down mode. If TX_EN is set high while TRX_CE is kept high, the nRF905 would enter ShockBurstTMTX and start a transmission according to the present contents in the SPIregisters. If TRX_CE or TX_EN is changed during an incoming packet, the nRF905 changes mode immediately and the packet is lost. However, if the MCU is sensing the Address Match (AM) pin, it knows when the chip is receiving an incoming packet and can therefore decide whether to wait for the Data Ready (DR) signal or enter a different mode. To avoid spurious address matches it is recommended that the address length be 24 bits or higher in length. Small addresses such as 8 or 16 bits can often lead to statistical failures due to the address being repeated as part of the data packet. This can be avoided by using a longer address. Each byte within the address should be unique. Repeating bytes within the address reduces the effectiveness of the address and increases its susceptibility to noise hence increasing the packet error rate. The address should also have several level shifts (i.e. 10101100) to reduce the statistical effect of noise and hence reduce the packet error rate. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 12 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver Radio in Standby TX_EN = LO PWR_UP = HI TRX_CE = HI ? NO YES Receiver is powered up Receiver Sensing for incomming data CD is set high if carrier Data Package NO Correct ADDR? Preamble ADDR PAYLOAD CRC YES AM is set high Receiving data AM is set low NO Correct CRC? YES DR high is set high TRX_CE = HI ? YES DR and AM are set low DR and AM are set low MCU clocks out payload via the SPI interface MCU clocks out payload via the SPI interface RX Remains On PAYLOAD Radio enters STBY NO Figure 4 Flowchart ShockBurstTM receive of nRF905. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 13 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 5.6 Power Down Mode In power down the nRF905 is disabled with minimal current consumption, typically less than 2.5A. When entering this mode the device is not active which will minimize average current consumption and maximizing battery lifetime. The configuration word content is maintained during power down. 5.7 Standby Mode Standby mode is used to minimize average current consumption while maintaining short start up times to ShockBurstTM RX and ShockBurstTM TX. In this mode part of the crystal oscillator is active. Current consumption is dependent on crystal frequency, Ex: IDD= 12A @4MHz and IDD =46A @20MHz. If the uP-clock (pin 3) of nRF905 is enabled, current consumption increases and is dependent on the load capacitance and frequency. The configuration word content is maintained during standby. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 14 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 6 DEVICE CONFIGURATION All configuration of the nRF905 is via the SPI interface. The interface consists of five registers; a SPI instruction set is used to decide which operation shall be performed. The SPI interface can be activated in any mode however Nordic Semiconductor ASA recommends the chip be in standby or power down mode. 6.1 SPI Register Configuration The SPI interface consists of five internal registers. A register read-back mode is implemented to allow verification of the register contents. MISO MOSI SCK EN I/O-reg CSN DTA STATUS-REGISTER CLK EN DTA RF - CONFIGURATION REGISTER CLK EN DTA TX-ADDRESS CLK EN DTA TX-PAYLOAD CLK EN DTA RX-PAYLOAD CLK Figure 5 SPI - interface and the five internal registers. Status - Register Register contains status of Data Ready (DR) and Address Match (AM). RF - Configuration Register Register contains transceiver setup information such as frequency and output power ext. TX - Address Register contains address of target device. How many bytes used is set in the configuration register. TX - Payload Register containing the payload information to be sent in a ShockBurst How many bytes used is set in the configuration register. TM packet. RX - Payload Register containing the payload information derived from a received valid ShockBurst TM packet. How many bytes used is set in the configuration register. Valid data in the RX-Payload register is indicated with a high Date Ready (DR) signal. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 15 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 6.2 SPI Instruction Set The available commands to be used on the SPI interface is shown below. Whenever CSN is set low the interface expects an instruction. Every new instruction must be started by a high to low transition on CSN. Instruction set for the nRF905 SPI Serial Interface Instruction Operation Format W_CONFIG 0000 AAAA Write Configuration-register. AAAA indicates which byte (WC) the write operation is to be started from. Number of bytes depends on start address AAAA. R_CONFIG 0001 AAAA Read Configuration-register. AAAA indicates which byte (RC) the read operation is to be started from. Number of bytes depends on start address AAAA. W_TX_PAYLOAD 0010 0000 Write TX-payload: 1 - 32 bytes. A write operation will (WTP) always start at byte 0. R_TX_PAYLOAD 0010 0001 Read TX-payload: 1 - 32 bytes. A read operation will (RTP) always start at byte 0. W_TX_ADDRESS 0010 0010 Write TX-address: 1 - 4 bytes. A write operation will (WTA) always start at byte 0. R_TX_ADDRESS 0010 0011 Read TX-address: 1 - 4 bytes. A read operation will (RTA) always start at byte 0 R_RX_PAYLOAD 0010 0100 Read RX-payload: 1 - 32 bytes. A read operation will (RRP) always start at byte 0. CHANNEL_CONFIG 1000 pphc Special command for fast setting of CH_NO, (CC) cccc cccc HFREQ_PLL and PA_PWR in the CONFIGURATION REGISTER. CH_NO= ccccccccc, HFREQ_PLL = h PA_PWR = pp STATUS REGISTER N.A. The content of the status-register (S[7:0]) will always be read to MISO after a high to low transition on CSN as shown in Figure 6 and 7. Instruction Name Table 7 Instruction set for the nRF905 SPI interface. A read or a write operation may operate on a single byte or on a set of succeeding bytes from a given start address defined by the instruction. When accessing succeeding bytes one will read or write MSB of the byte with the smallest byte number first. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 16 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 6.3 SPI Timing The interface supports SPI mode 0. SPI operation and timing is given in Figure 6 to Figure 8 and in Table 8. The device must be in one of the power saving modes for the configuration registers to be read or written to. CSN SCK MOSI C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 MISO S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D1 5 D1 4 D1 3 D1 2 D1 1 D1 0 D9 D8 Figure 6 SPI read operation. CSN SCK MOSI C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 C0 MISO S7 S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 S0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D1 5 D1 4 D1 3 D1 2 D1 1 D1 0 D9 D8 Figure 7 SPI write operation. Tcwh CSN Tcc Tch Tcl Tcch SCK Tdh Tdc MOSI C7 C6 Tcsd MISO C0 Tcd S7 Tcdz S0 Figure 8 SPI NOP timing diagram. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 17 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver PARAMETER Data to SCK Setup SCK to Data Hold CSN to Data Valid SCK to Data Valid SCK Low Time SCK High Time SCK Frequency SCK Rise and Fall CSN to SCK Setup SCK to CSN Hold CSN Inactive time CSN to Output High Z SYMBOL Tdc Tdh Tcsd Tcd Tcl Tch Tsck Tr,Tf Tcc Tcch Tcwh Tcdz MIN 5 5 MAX 45 45 40 40 DC 10 100 5 5 500 45 UNITS ns ns ns ns ns ns MHz ns ns ns ns ns Table 8 SPI timing parameters (Cload = 10pF). Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 18 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 6.4 RF - Configuration Register Description Parameter CH_NO Bitwidth 9 HFREQ_ PLL 1 PA_PWR 2 RX_RED_ PWR 1 AUTO_ RETRAN 1 RX_AFW 3 TX_AFW 3 RX_PW 6 TX_PW 6 RX_ ADDRESS UP_CLK_ FREQ 32 UP_CLK_ EN 1 XOF 3 CRC_EN 1 CRC_ MODE 1 2 Description Sets center freq. together with HFREQ_PLL (default = 001101100b = 108d). fRF = ( 422.4 + CH_NOd /10)*(1+HFREQ_PLLd) MHz Sets PLL in 433 or 868/915 MHz mode (default = 0). '0' - Chip operating in 433MHz band '1' - Chip operating in 868 or 915 MHz band Output power (default = 00). '00' -10dBm '01' -2dBm '10' +6dBm '11' +10dBm Reduces current in RX mode by 1.6mA. Sensitivity is reduced (default = 0). '0' - Normal operation '1' - Reduced power Retransmit contents in TX register if TRX_CE and TXEN are high (default = 0). '0' - No retransmission '1' - Retransmission of data packet RX-address width (default = 100). '001' - 1 byte RX address field width '100' - 4 byte RX address field width TX-address width (default = 100). '001' - 1 byte TX address field width '100' - 4 byte TX address field width RX-payload width (default = 100000). '000001' - 1 byte RX payload field width '000010' - 2 byte RX payload field width . '100000' - 32 byte RX payload field width TX-payload width (default = 100000). '000001' - 1 byte TX payload field width '000010' - 2 byte TX payload field width . '100000' - 32 byte TX payload field width RX address identity. Used bytes depend on RX_AFW (default = E7E7E7E7h). Output clock frequency (default = 11). '00' - 4MHz '01' - 2MHz '10' - 1MHz '11' - 500kHz Output clock enable (default = 1). '0' - No external clock signal available '1' - External clock signal enabled Crystal oscillator frequency. Must be set according to external crystal resonantfrequency (default = 100). '000' - 4MHz '001' - 8MHz '010' - 12MHz '011' - 16MHz '100' - 20MHz CRC - check enable (default = 1). '0' - Disable '1' - Enable CRC - mode (default = 1). '0' - 8 CRC check bit '1' - 16 CRC check bit Table 9 Configuration-register description. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 19 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 6.5 Byte # 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Register Contents RF-CONFIG_REGISTER (R/W) Content bit[7:0], MSB = bit[7] CH_NO[7:0] bit[7:6] not used, AUTO_RETRAN, RX_RED_PWR, PA_PWR[1:0], HFREQ_PLL, CH_NO[8] bit[7] not used, TX_AFW[2:0] , bit[3] not used, RX_AFW[2:0] bit[7:6] not used, RX_PW[5:0] bit[7:6] not used, TX_PW[5:0] RX_ADDRESS (device identity) byte 0 RX_ADDRESS (device identity) byte 1 RX_ADDRESS (device identity) byte 2 RX_ADDRESS (device identity) byte 3 CRC_MODE,CRC_EN, XOF[2:0], UP_CLK_EN, UP_CLK_FREQ[1:0] Byte # 0 1 30 31 TX_PAYLOAD (R/W) Content bit[7:0], MSB = bit[7] TX_PAYLOAD[7:0] TX_PAYLOAD[15:8] TX_PAYLOAD[247:240] TX_PAYLOAD[255:248] Byte # 0 1 2 3 TX_ADDRESS (R/W) Content bit[7:0], MSB = bit[7] TX_ADDRESS[7:0] TX_ADDRESS[15:8] TX_ADDRESS[23:16] TX_ADDRESS[31:24] RX_PAYLOAD (R) Content bit[7:0], MSB = bit[7] RX_PAYLOAD[7:0] RX_PAYLOAD[15:8] RX_PAYLOAD[247:240] RX_PAYLOAD[255:248] Byte # 0 1 30 31 Byte # 0 Init value 0110_1100 0000_0000 0100_0100 0010_0000 0010_0000 E7 E7 E7 E7 1110_0111 Init value X X X X X X Init value E7 E7 E7 E7 Init value X X X X X X STATUS_REGISTER (R) Content bit[7:0], MSB = bit[7] Init value AM, bit [6] not used, DR, bit [0:4] not used X Table 10 RF register contents. The length of all registers is fixed. However, the bytes in TX_PAYLOAD, RX_PAYLOAD, TX_ADDRESS and RX_ADDRESS used in ShockBurst TM RX/TX are set in the configuration register. Register content is not lost when the device enters one of the power saving modes. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 20 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 7 IMPORTANT TIMING DATA The following timing must be obeyed during nRF905 operation. 7.1 Device Switching Times nRF905 timing PWR_DWN ST_BY mode STBY TX ShockBurstTM STBY RX ShockBurstTM RX ShockBurstTM TX ShockBurstTM TX ShockBurstTM RX ShockBurstTM Notes to table: 1) Max. 3 ms 650 s 650 s 550 1s 550 1s RX to TX or TX to RX switching is available without re-programming of the RF configuration register. The same frequency channel is maintained. Table 11 Switching times for nRF905. 7.2 ShockBurstTM TX timing MOSI CSN PW R_UP TX_EN TR X_C E TX DATA T IM E P r o g r a m m in g o f C o n fig u r a tio n R e g is te r a n d T X D a ta R e g is t e r T0 T1 T2 T3 = = = = T0 T1 T2 T r a n s m itte d D a ta 1 0 0 k b p s M a n c h e s te r E n c o d e d T3 R a d io E n a b le d T 0 + 1 0 u S M in im u m T R X _ C E p u ls e T 0 + 6 5 0 u S . S t a r t o f T X D a ta t r a n s m is s io n E n d o f D a ta P a c k e t , e n te r S t a n d b y m o d e Figure 9 Timing diagram for standby to transmit. After a data packet has finished transmitting the device will automatically enter Standby mode and wait for the next pulse of TRX_CE. If the Auto Re-Transmit function is enabled the data packet will continue re-sending the same data packet until TRX_CE is set low. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 21 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 7.3 ShockBurstTM RX timing PW R _U P TX_EN TR X_C E RX DATA CD AM DR T IM E 650uS 6 5 0 u S to e n te r R X m o d e fro m T R X _ C E b e in g s e t h ig h . T0 T1 T0 T1 T2 T3 = = = = T2 T3 R e c e i v e r E n a b le d - L is t e n in g f o r D a t a C a r r ie r D e t e c t f i n d s a c a r r i e r A M - C o rre c t A d d re s s F o u n d D R - D a ta p a c k e t w ith c o r re c t A d d re s s /C R C Figure 10 Timing diagram for standby to receiving. After the Data Ready (DR) has been set high a valid data packet is available in the RX data register. This may be clocked out in RX mode or standby mode. After the data has been clocked out via the SPI interface the Data Ready (DR) and Address Match (AM) pins are reset to low. The RX register is reset if the PWR_UP pin is taken low or if the device is switched into TX mode i.e. TXEN is taken high. This will also results in the Data Ready(DR) and Address Match (AM) pins being reset to low. 7.4 Preamble In each data-packet transmitted by the nRF905 a preamble is added automatically. The preamble is a predefined bit-sequence used to adjust the receiver for optimal performance. A ten-bit sequence is used as preamble in nRF905. The length of the preamble, tpreamble, is then 200s. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 22 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 7.5 Time On Air The time-on-air is the sum of the radio start-up time and the data-packet length. The length of the preamble, address field, payload and CRC-checksum give the datapacket length while the radio start-up time is given in Table 11. While preamble length and start-up time are fixed the user sets the other parameters in the RFconfiguration register. The below equation shows how to calculate TOA TOA = t startup + t preamble + N address + N payload + N CRC BR tstartup and tpreamble are RF-start-up time and preamble time respectively. Naddress, Npayload and NCRC are numbers of bits in the address, payload and CRC-checksum while BR is the bitrate, which is equal to 50kbps. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 23 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 8 PERIPHERAL RF INFORMATION 8.1 Crystal Specification Tolerance includes initially accuracy and tolerance over temperature and aging. Frequency CL ESR C0max 4MHz 8MHz 12MHz 16MHz 20MHz 8pF - 16pF 8pF - 16pF 8pF - 16pF 8pF - 16pF 8pF - 16pF 150 100 100 100 100 7.0pF 7.0pF 7.0pF 7.0pF 7.0pF Tolerance @ 868/915 MHz 30ppm 30ppm 30ppm 30ppm 30ppm Tolerance @ 433 MHz 60ppm 60ppm 60ppm 60ppm 60ppm Table 12 Crystal specification of nRF905. To achieve a crystal oscillator solution with low power consumption and fast start-up time, it is recommended to specify the crystal with a low value of crystal load capacitance. Specifying a lower value of crystal parallel equivalent capacitance, Co=1.5pF is also good, but this can increase the price of the crystal itself. Typically Co=1.5pF at a crystal specified for Co_max=7.0pF. The crystal load capacitance, CL, is given by: CL = C1 'C 2 ' , C1 '+C 2 ' where C1 ' = C1 + C PCB1 + C I 1 and C 2 ' = C 2 + C PCB 2 + C I 2 C1 and C2 are 0603 SMD capacitors as shown in the application schematics. CPCB1 and CPCB2 are the layout parasitic on the circuit board. CI1 and CI2 are the capacitance seen into the XC1 and XC2 pin respectively; the value is typical 1pF. 8.2 External Clock Reference An external reference clock, such as a MCU clock, may be used instead of a crystal. The clock signal should be applied directly to the XC1 pin, the XC2 pin can be left high impedance. When operating with an external clock instead of a crystal the clock must be applied in standby mode to achieve low current consumption. If the device is set into standby mode with no external clock or crystal then the current consumption will increase up to a maximum of 1mA. 8.3 Microprocessor Output Clock By default a microprocessor clock output is provided. Providing an output clock will increase the current consumption in standby mode. The current consumption in standby will depend on frequency and load of external crystal, frequency of output clock and capacitive load of the provided output clock. Typical current consumption values are found in Table 5. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 24 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 8.4 Antenna Output The "ANT1 & ANT2" output pins provide a balanced RF output to the antenna. The pins must have a DC path to VDD_PA, either via a RF choke or via the center point in a dipole antenna. The load impedance seen between the ANT1/ANT2 outputs should be in the range 200-700. The optimum differential load impedance at the antenna ports is given as: 900MHz 430MHz 225+j210 300+j100 A low load impedance (for instance 50) can be obtained by fitting a simple matching network or a RF transformer (balun). Further information regarding balun structures and matching networks may be found in the Application Examples chapter. 8.5 Output Power Adjustment The power amplifier in nRF905 can be programmed to four different output power settings by the configuration register. By reducing output power, the total TX current is reduced. Power setting RF output power DC current consumption 00 -10 dBm 9.0 mA 01 -2 dBm 14.0 mA 10 6 dBm 20.0 mA 11 10 dBm 30.0 mA Conditions: VDD = 3.0V, VSS = 0V, TA = 27C, Load impedance = 400 . Table 13 RF output power setting for the nRF905. 8.6 Modulation The modulation of nRF905 is Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) with a datarate of 100kbps. Deviation is 50kHz. GFSK modulation results in a more bandwidth effective transmission-link compared with ordinary FSK modulation. The data is internally Manchester encoded (TX) and Manchester decoded (RX). That is, the effective symbol-rate of the link is 50kbps. By using internally Manchester encoding, no scrambling in the microcontroller is needed. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 25 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 8.7 Output Frequency The operating RF-frequency of nRF905 is set in the configuration register by CH_NO and HFREQ_PLL. The operating frequency is given by: f OP = (422.4 + (CH _ NO / 10)) (1 + HFREQ _ PLL) MHz When HFREQ_PLL is `0' the frequency resolution is 100kHz and when it is `1' the resolution is 200kHz. The application operating frequency has to be chosen to apply with the Short Range Devise regulation in the area of operation. Operating frequency 430.0 MHz 433.1 MHz 433.2 MHz 434.7 MHz HFREQ_PLL [0] [0] [0] [0] CH_NO [001001100] [001101011] [001101100] [001111011] 862.0 MHz 868.2 MHz 868.4 MHz 869.8 MHz [1] [1] [1] [1] [001010110] [001110101] [001110110] [001111101] 902.2 MHz 902.4 MHz 927.8 MHz [1] [1] [1] [100011111] [100100000] [110011111] Table 14 Examples of real operating frequencies. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 26 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 8.8 PCB Layout and Decoupling Guidelines nRF905 is an extremely robust RF device due to internal voltage regulators and requires the minimum of RF layout protocols. However the following design rules should still be incorporated into the layout design. A PCB with a minimum of two layers including a ground plane is recommended for optimum performance. The nRF905 DC supply voltage should be decoupled as close as possible to the VDD pins with high performance RF capacitors. It is preferable to mount a large surface mount capacitor (e.g. 4.7F tantalum) in parallel with the smaller value capacitors. The nRF905 supply voltage should be filtered and routed separately from the supply voltages of any digital circuitry. Long power supply lines on the PCB should be avoided. All device grounds, VDD connections and VDD bypass capacitors must be connected as close as possible to the nRF905 IC. For a PCB with a topside RF ground plane, the VSS pins should be connected directly to the ground plane. For a PCB with a bottom ground plane, the best technique is to place via holes as close as possible to the VSS pins. A minimum of one via hole should be used for each VSS pin. Full swing digital data or control signals should not be routed close to the crystal or the power supply lines. A fully qualified RF-layout for the nRF905 and its surrounding components, including antennas and matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.no. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 27 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 9 nRF905 FEATURES 9.1 Carrier Detect. When the nRF905 is in ShockBurst TM RX, the Carrier Detect (CD) pin is set high if a RF carrier is present at the channel the device is programmed to. This feature is very effective to avoid collision of packets from different transmitters operating at the same frequency. Whenever a device is ready to transmit it could first be set into receive mode and sense whether or not the wanted channel is available for outgoing data. This forms a very simple listen before transmit protocol. Operating Carrier Detect (CD) with Reduced RX Power mode is an extremely power efficient RF system. Typical Carrier Detect level (CD) is typically 5dB lower than sensitivity, i.e. if sensitivity is -100dBm then the Carrier Detect function will sense a carrier wave as low as -105dBm. Below -105dBm the Carrier Detect signal will be low, i.e. 0V. Above -95dBm the Carrier Detect signal will be high, i.e. Vdd. Between approximately -95 to -105 the Carrier Detect Signal will toggle. 9.2 Address Match When the nRF905 is in ShockBurst TM RX mode, the Address Match (AM) pin is set high as soon as an incoming packet with an address that is identical with the device's own identity is received. With the Address Match pin the controller is alerted that the nRF905 is receiving data actually before the Data Ready (DR) signal is set high. If the Data Ready (DR) pin is not set high i.e. the CRC is incorrect then the Address Match (AM) pin is reset to low at the end of the received data packet. This function can be very useful for an MCU. If Address Match (AM) is high then the MCU can make a decision to wait and see if Data Ready (DR) will be set high indicating a valid data packet has been received or ignore that a possible packet is being received and switch modes. 9.3 Data Ready The Data Ready (DR) signal makes it possible to largely reduce the complexity of the MCU software program. In ShockBurst TM TX, the Data Ready (DR) signal is set high when a complete packet is transmitted, telling the MCU that the nRF905 is ready for new actions. It is reset to low at the start of a new packet transmission or when switched to a different mode i.e. receive mode or standby mode. In ShockBurst TM TX Auto Retransmit the Data Ready (DR) signal is set high at the beginning of the pre-amble and is set low at the end of the preamble. The Data Ready (DR) signal therefore pulses at the beginning of each transmitted data packet. In ShockBurst TM RX, the signal is set high when nRF905 has received a valid packet, i.e. a valid address, packet length and correct CRC. The MCU can then retrieve the payload via the SPI interface. The Data Ready (DR) pin is reset to low once the data has been clocked out of the data buffer or the device is switched to transmit mode. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 28 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 9.4 Auto Retransmit One way to increase system reliability in a noisy environment or in a system without collision control is to transmit a packet several times. This is easily accomplished with the Auto Retransmit feature in nRF905. By setting the AUTO_RETRAN bit to "1" in the configuration register, the circuit keeps sending the same data packet as long as TRX_CE and TX_EN are high. As soon as TRX_CE is set low the device will finish sending the packet it is currently transmitting and then return to standby mode. 9.5 RX Reduced Power Mode To maximize battery lifetime in application where the nRF905 high sensitivity is not necessary; nRF905 offers a built in reduced power mode. In this mode, the receive current consumption reduces from 12.5mA to only 10.5mA. The sensitivity is reduced to typical -85dBm, 10dB. Some degradation of the nRF905 blocking performance should be expected in this mode. The reduced power mode is an excellent option when using Carrier Detect to sense if the wanted channel is available for outgoing data. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 29 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 10 PACKAGE OUTLINE nRF905 uses the QFN 32L 5x5 green package with a mat tin finish. Dimensions are in mm. Recommended soldering reflow profile can be found in application note nAN400-08, QFN soldering reflow guidelines, www.nordicsemi.no. + Package Type QFN32 (5x5 mm) Min typ. Max A 0.8 A1 0.0 A2 0.65 0.9 0.05 0.69 b 0.18 0.23 0.3 D E e 5 BSC 5 BSC 0.5 BSC J 3.2 3.3 3.4 K 3.2 3.3 3.4 L 0.3 0.4 0.5 Figure 11 nRF905 package outline. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 30 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 10.1 Package marking n R F B X D D D D D D Y Y W W L L Figure 12 nRF905 package marking layout Abbreviations: DDDDDD - Product number, e.g. 905 B Build Code, i.e. unique code for silicon revision, production site, package type and test platform X - "X" grade, i.e. Engineering Samples (optional) YY - 2 digit Year number WW - 2 digit Week number LL - 2 letter wafer lot number code Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 31 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 11 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 11.1 Differential Connection to a Loop Antenna aaaaaaaa VDD C5 33pF 0603 C6 4.7nF 0603 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 C7 10nF 0603 VDD TXEN DVDD_1V2 VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VDD 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 VSS IR EF VSS ANT2 ANT1 VDD_PA VSS VDD nRF905 U1 nRF905 C9 3.9pF C10 6.8pF C3 180pF VDD VSS MISO MOSI SCK CSN XC1 XC2 VSS CD AM DR SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_SC K SPI_C SN TRX_C E PWR_UP uPCLK VDD VSS CD AM DR C11 4.7pF C13 27pF 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 aaaaaaaa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 J1 Loop Antenna, 433MHz 35x20mm aaaaaaaa TXEN TRX_C E PWR_UP uPCLK R2 22K C12 0603 27pF C8 33pF 0603 C4 3.3nF 0603 X1 16 MHz R1 1M C1 22pF 0603 C2 22pF 0603 aaaaaaaa Figure 13 nRF905 Application schematic, differential connection to a loop antenna (433MHz). Component Description Size Value Tol. Units C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 R1 R2 U1 X1 NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Crystal oscillator) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Crystal oscillator) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (PA supply decoupling) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (PA supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Antenna tuning) 0.1W chip resistor, (Crystal oscillator bias) 0.1W chip resistor, (Reference bias) nRF905 Transceiver Crystal, CL = 12pF 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 QFN32L/5x5 LxWxH = 4.0x2.5x0.8 22 22 180 3.3 33 4.7 10 33 3.9 6.8 4.7 27 27 1 22 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 10% 10% 5% 0.1 0.1 0.1 5% 5% 5% 1% pF pF pF nF pF nF nF pF pF pF pF pF pF M k 16 60ppm MHz Table 15 Recommended external components, differential connection to a loop antenna (433MHz). Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 32 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 11.2 PCB Layout Example; Differential Connection to a Loop Antenna Figure 14 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 13. A double-sided FR-4 board of 1.6mm thickness is used. This PCB has a ground plane on the bottom layer. Additionally, there are ground areas on the component side of the board to ensure sufficient grounding of critical components. A large number of via holes connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane. There is no ground plane beneath the antenna. No components in bottom layer a) Top silk screen b) Bottom silk screen c) Top view d) Bottom view Figure 14 PCB layout example for nRF905, differential connection to a loop antenna. A fully qualified RF-layout for the nRF905 and its surrounding components, including antennas and matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.no. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 33 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 11.3 Single ended connection to 50 antenna VDD C5 33pF C6 4.7nF VDD VSS IREF VSS ANT2 ANT1 VDD_PA VSS VDD nRF905 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 U1 nRF905 C12 C13 Optional 50 ohm RF I/O 39nH 6.8pF C11 Optional L1 12nH L3 C3 VDD 39nH VSS MISO MOSI SCK CSN XC1 XC2 VSS CD AM DR SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_SCK SPI_CSN TRX_CE PWR_UP uPCLK VDD VSS CD AM DR L2 180pF C10 18pF 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 aaaaaaaa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 C9 18pF R2 22K aaaaaaaa TXEN TRX_CE PWR_UP uPCLK TXEN DVDD_1V2 VSS VSS VSS VSS VSS VDD 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 C7 10nF C8 33pF C4 3.3nF X1 16 MHz R1 1M C1 22pF C2 22pF aaaaaaaa Figure 15 433MHz operating nRF905 Application schematic, single ended connection to 50 antenna by using a differential to single ended matching network. Figure 16 868-915MHz operating nRF905 Application schematic, single ended connection to 50 antenna by using a differential to single ended matching network. It is recommended to add pull up or pull down resistors on signals that can enter a floating state. For the nRF905 it is recommended to have pull up on the CSN signal and pull down on the MOSI and SCK signal. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 34 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver Component Description Size Value Tol. Units C1 C2 C3 NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Crystal oscillator) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Crystal oscillator) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (PA supply decoupling) @ 433MHz @ 868MHz @ 915MHz X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (PA supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) X7R ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Supply decoupling) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz @ 868MHz @ 915MHz NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz @ 868MHz @ 915MHz NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Impedance matching) NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz @ 868MHz @ 915MHz NP0 ceramic chip capacitor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz @ 868MHz @ 915MHz Chip inductor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz: SRF> 433MHz @ 868MHz: SRF> 868MHz @ 915MHz: SRF> 915MHz Chip inductor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz: SRF> 433MHz @ 868MHz: SRF> 868MHz @ 915MHz: SRF> 915MHz Chip inductor, (Impedance matching) @ 433MHz: SRF> 433MHz @ 868MHz: SRF> 868MHz @ 915MHz: SRF> 915MHz 0.1W chip resistor, (Crystal oscillator bias) 0.1W chip resistor, (Reference bias) nRF905 Transceiver Crystal, CL = 12pF 0603 0603 22 22 pF pF 0603 5% 5% 5% 180 33 33 3.3 33 4.7 10 33 10% 5% 10% 10% 5% 18 5.6 5.6 5% <0.25pF <0.25pF 18 5.6 5.6 Not fitted 5% <0.25pF <0.25pF 6.8 22 22 5% 5% 5% C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 L1 L2 L3 R1 R2 U1 X1 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 pF nF pF nF nF pF pF pF pF pF 0603 pF Not fitted 4.7 4.7 0603 <0.25pF <0.25pF 5% nH 12 12 12 0603 5% 5% 5% 39 12 12 1 22 5% 5% 5% 5% 1% M k 16 30ppm MHz 0603 0603 0603 QFN32L/5x5 LxWxH = 4.0x2.5x0.8 nH 39 10 10 nH Table 16 Recommended external components, single ended connection to 50 antenna. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 35 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 11.4 PCB Layout Example; Single Ended Connection to 50 Antenna Figure 17 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 15 and Figure 18 shows a PCB layout example for the application schematic in Figure 16. A double-sided FR-4 board of 1.6mm thickness is used. This PCB has a ground plane on the bottom layer. Additionally, there are ground areas on the component side of the board to ensure sufficient grounding of critical components. A large number of via holes connect the top layer ground areas to the bottom layer ground plane. No components in bottom layer a) Top silk screen c) Top view b) Bottom silk screen d) Bottom view Figure 17 PCB layout example for 433MHz operation nRF905, single ended connection to 50 antenna by using a differential to single ended matching network. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 36 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver No components in bottom layer b) Bottom silk screen a) Top silk screen c) Top view d) Bottom view Figure 18 PCB layout example for 868-915MHz operation nRF905, single ended connection to 50 antenna by using a differential to single ended matching network. A fully qualified RF-layout for the nRF905 and its surrounding components, including antennas and matching networks, can be downloaded from www.nordicsemi.no. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 37 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 12 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltages VDD.............................. - 0.3V to + 3.6V VSS .....................................................0V Input Voltage VI ..........................- 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Output Voltage VO .........................- 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Total Power Dissipation PD (TA=85C) ................................ 200mW Temperatures Operating temperature ........................................... - 40C to + 85C Storage temperature .............................................. - 40C to + 125C Note: Stress exceeding one or more of the limiting values may cause permanent damage to the device. ATTENTION! Electrostatic sensitive device. Observe precaution for handling. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 38 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 13 GLOSSARY OF TERMS Term ADC AM CD CLK CRC DR GFSK ISM kSPS MCU PWR_DWN PWR_UP RX SPI CSN MISO MOSI SCK SPS STBY TRX_EN TX TX_EN Description Analog to Digital Converter Address Match Carrier Detect Clock Cyclic Redundancy Check Data Ready Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying Industrial-Scientific-Medical kilo Samples per Second Micro Controller Unit Power Down Power Up Receive Serial Programmable Interface SPI Chip Select Not SPI Master In Slave Out SPI Master Out Slave In SPI Serial Clock Samples per Second Standby Transmit/Receive Enable Transmit Transmit Enable Table 17 Glossary of terms. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 39 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver 14 DEFINITIONS Product Specification Identification Product Status Definition Objective Product Specification Planned or Under Development. This specification contains the design objectives for product development. nRF: Specifications may change in any manner without notice. Engineering Samples and Pre Production series. This specification contains preliminary data. nRF: Nordic Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice in order to improve design and supply the best possible product. The product is qualified for production. Changes will be notified according to industry standard criteria for Product/Process Change Notifications. Not In Production. This specification contains specifications on a product that has been discontinued by Nordic Semiconductor. The specification is printed for reference information only. Preliminary Product Specification Product Specification Obsolete Product Specification Table 18 Product status definitions Nordic Semiconductor ASA reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product to improve reliability, function or design. Nordic Semiconductor does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuits described herein. LIFE SUPPORT APPLICATIONS These products are not designed for use in life support appliances, devices, or systems where malfunction of these products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Nordic Semiconductor ASA customers using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify Nordic Semiconductor ASA for any damages resulting from such improper use or sale. Product specification revision date: 23.06.2006 Datasheet order code: 230606nRF905 All rights reserved (R). Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 40 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver YOUR NOTES Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 41 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION nRF905 Single Chip 433/868/915 MHz Radio Transceiver Nordic Semiconductor ASA - World Wide Distributors For Your nearest dealer, please see http://www.nordicsemi.no Main Office: Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Phone: +47 72 89 89 00, Fax: +47 72 89 89 89 Visit the Nordic Semiconductor ASA website at http://www.nordicsemi.no Main office: Nordic Semiconductor ASA Revision: 1.4 - Vestre Rosten 81, N-7075 Tiller, Norway Page 42 of 42 - Phone +4772898900 -Fax +4772898989 June 2006